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Osailan AM, Batarfa M, Aldosari Z, Alghamdi A, Alqahtani F, Alabdullah M, Elnaggar RK. Association between COVID-19 exposure and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in apparently healthy adults: an observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:3420-3429. [PMID: 38766799 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202405_36187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which complicates the functioning of multiple systems, including the autonomic nervous system (ANS), causing dysautonomia. Investigation of dysautonomia and its association with exposure to COVID-19 is limited in healthy people. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between ANS dysautonomia and coronavirus exposure and compare the ANS function between exposed and non-exposed to COVID-19. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study involved 141 participants, with a mean age of 18-24.5 years, 83% male (49.6% exposed to COVID-19). The ANS was measured using a composite autonomic symptom scale (COMPASS-31) questionnaire and heart rate variability (HRV) using photoplethysmography. Exposure to COVID-19 was investigated using two national health-status tracking and COVID-19 exposure applications, "Sehhaty" and "Twakkalna". RESULTS A significantly inverse weak correlation between COMPASS-31 scores and COVID-19 exposure (r=-0.2, p=0.04). No significant association was found between HRV and COVID-19 exposure. COMPASS-31 scores for the exposed group (median=15, n=70) were significantly higher than those for the non-exposed group (median=12, n=71), U=1,913.5, p=0.03. Height (r=-0.4, p=0.002) and gender (r=0.3, p=0.001) were moderately correlated with COMPASS-31 among the exposed group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that exposure to COVID-19 was associated with poorer ANS scores measured via COMPASS-31. Additionally, exposure to COVID-19 resulted in higher dysautonomia symptoms than non-exposed. Height and gender differences contribute to the severity of dysautonomia among exposed people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Osailan
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
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Alhalwani AY, Jambi S, Borai A, Khan MA, Almarzouki H, Elsayid M, Aseri AF, Taher NO, Alghamdi A, Alshehri A. Assessment of the systemic immune-inflammation index in type 2 diabetic patients with and without dry eye disease: A case-control study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1954. [PMID: 38698793 PMCID: PMC11063262 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes progression, and the mechanism remains unclear. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker for type 2 diabetes patients and integrates multiple indicators in complete blood counts and routine blood tests. Aim Since there is no international diagnostic standard for dry eye disease (DED), this study uses low-cost inflammatory blood biomarkers to investigate the correlation between SII and DM2-DED and determine the diagnosis indices of other biomarkers in DM2-DED. Methodology A case-control retrospective analysis of totel patients n = 293 randomly selected and categorized into four groups: DED, DM2, DM2-DED, and healthy subjects. Demographic and blood biomarker variables were classified as categorical and continuous variables. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocytes-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and SII were calculated platelet count multiply by NLR and analyzed for their correlation for all groups. Results Focusing on DM2-DED patients was more common in females, 59.6%, than in males, 40.2%. The mean ages were 60.7 ± 11.85 years, a statistically significant difference with all groups. In the study group DM2-DED, there was an increase in all blood markers compared to all remaining groups except PLR. Only neutrophil, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting blood sugar levels were statistically significant differences in DM2-DED patients (p > 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to all groups. There was a positive correlation between HbA1c and PLR, HbA1c and NLR, and HbA1c and SII (r = 0.037, p = 0.705; r = 0.031, p = 0.754; and r = 0.066, p < 0.501, respectively) in the DM2-DED group. Conclusion This study demonstrated that elevated SII values were linked to elevated HbA1c in DM2-DED patients. The potential of SII and HbA1c as early diagnostic indicators for ocular problems associated with diabetes mellitus is highlighted by their favorable connection in diagnosing DM2-DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Y. Alhalwani
- College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical ResearchKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Jambi
- College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical ResearchKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical ResearchKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterJeddahSaudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical CityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anwar Khan
- College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical ResearchKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Hashem Almarzouki
- College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical ResearchKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterJeddahSaudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical CityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohieldin Elsayid
- College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical ResearchKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Nada O. Taher
- College of Science and Health ProfessionsKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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Razavi-Shearer D, Child H, Razavi-Shearer K, Voeller A, Razavi H, Buti M, Tacke F, Terrault N, Zeuzem S, Abbas Z, Aghemo A, Akarca U, Al Masri N, Alalwan A, Blomé MA, Jerkeman A, Aleman S, Kamal H, Alghamdi A, Alghamdi M, Alghamdi S, Al-Hamoudi W, Ali E, Aljumah A, Altraif I, Amarsanaa J, Asselah T, Baatarkhuu O, Babameto A, Ben-Ari Z, Berg T, Biondi M, Braga W, Brandão-Mello C, Brown R, Brunetto M, Cabezas J, Cardoso M, Martins A, Chan H, Cheinquer H, Chen CJ, Yang HI, Chen PJ, Chien CH, Chuang WL, Garza LC, Coco B, Coffin C, Coppola N, Cornberg M, Craxi A, Crespo J, Cuko L, De Ledinghen V, Duberg AS, Etzion O, Ferraz M, Ferreira P, Forns X, Foster G, Fung J, Gaeta G, García-Samaniego J, Genov J, Gheorghe L, Gholam P, Gish R, Glenn J, Hamid S, Hercun J, Hsu YC, Hu CC, Huang JF, Idilman R, Jafri W, Janjua N, Jelev D, Jia J, Kåberg M, Kaita K, Kao JH, Khan A, Kim D, Kondili L, Lagging M, Lampertico P, Lázaro P, Lazarus J, Lee MH, Yang HI, Lim YS, Lobato C, Macedo G, Marinho R, Marotta P, Mendes-Correa M, Méndez-Sánchez N, Navas MC, Ning Q, Örmeci N, Orrego M, Osiowy C, Pan C, Pessoa M, Piracha Z, Pop C, Qureshi H, Raimondo G, Ramji A, Ribeiro S, Ríos-Hincapié C, Rodríguez M, Rosenberg W, Roulot D, Ryder S, Saeed U, Safadi R, Shouval D, Sanai F, Sanchez-Avila J, Santantonio T, Sarrazin C, Seto WK, Seto WK, Simonova M, Tanaka J, Tergast T, Tsendsuren O, Valente C, Villalobos-Salcedo J, Waheed Y, Wong G, Wong V, Yip T, Wong V, Wu JC, Yang HI, Yu ML, Yuen MF, Yurdaydin C, Zuckerman E. Adjusted estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus in 25 countries and territories. J Hepatol 2024; 80:232-242. [PMID: 38030035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for assembly and propagation. Individuals infected with HDV progress to advanced liver disease faster than HBV-monoinfected individuals. Recent studies have estimated the global prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBV-infected population to be 5-15%. This study aimed to better understand HDV prevalence at the population level in 25 countries/territories. METHODS We conducted a literature review to determine the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in 25 countries/territories. Virtual meetings were held with experts from each setting to discuss the findings and collect unpublished data. Data were weighted for patient segments and regional heterogeneity to estimate the prevalence in the HBV-infected population. The findings were then combined with The Polaris Observatory HBV data to estimate the anti-HDV and HDV RNA prevalence in each country/territory at the population level. RESULTS After adjusting for geographical distribution, disease stage and special populations, the anti-HDV prevalence among the HBsAg+ population changed from the literature estimate in 19 countries. The highest anti-HDV prevalence was 60.1% in Mongolia. Once adjusted for the size of the HBsAg+ population and HDV RNA positivity rate, China had the highest absolute number of HDV RNA+ cases. CONCLUSIONS We found substantially lower HDV prevalence than previously reported, as prior meta-analyses primarily focused on studies conducted in groups/regions that have a higher probability of HBV infection: tertiary care centers, specific risk groups or geographical regions. There is large uncertainty in HDV prevalence estimates. The implementation of reflex testing would improve estimates, while also allowing earlier linkage to care for HDV RNA+ individuals. The logistical and economic burden of reflex testing on the health system would be limited, as only HBsAg+ cases would be screened. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus among people living with hepatitis B virus at the population level. In this study, we aimed to better understand the burden in 25 countries and territories, to refine techniques that can be used in future analyses. We found a lower prevalence in the majority of places studied than had been previously reported. These data can help inform policy makers on the need to screen people living with hepatitis B virus to find those coinfected with hepatitis delta virus and at high risk of progression, while also highlighting the pitfalls that other researchers have often fallen into.
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Alghamdi A, Bijlsma MJ, de Vos S, Schuiling-Veninga CC, Bos JHJ, Hak E. Association between Incidence of Prescriptions for Alzheimer's Disease and Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists: A Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1694. [PMID: 38139820 PMCID: PMC10748070 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with a growing number of patients worldwide. The association between AD and treatment with drugs targeting the beta-adrenergic receptor is controversial. The aim of this study is to assess the association between the initiation of AD medication and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prescription sequence symmetry analysis using the University of Groningen IADB.nl prescription database. We determined the order of the first prescription for treating AD and the first prescription for beta-blockers, with the dispensing date of the first prescription for AD defined as the index date. Participants were adults over 45 years old starting any AD medication and beta-blockers within two years. We calculated adjusted sequence ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We identified 510 users of both AD and beta-blockers, and 145 participants were eligible. The results were compatible with either a significant decrease in the incidence of AD after using beta-blockers (adjusted sequence ratio (aSR) = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35-0.72) or, conversely, an increase in beta-blockers after AD medication (aSR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.61-2.30). CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the use of beta-blockers and AD medications. Further research is needed with larger populations to determine whether drug therapy for AD increases the risk of hypertension or whether beta-blockers have potential protective properties against AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alghamdi
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaco Therapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (S.d.V.); (C.C.M.S.-V.); (E.H.)
| | - Maarten J. Bijlsma
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaco Therapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (S.d.V.); (C.C.M.S.-V.); (E.H.)
- Laboratory of Population Health, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stijn de Vos
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaco Therapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (S.d.V.); (C.C.M.S.-V.); (E.H.)
| | - Catharina C.M. Schuiling-Veninga
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaco Therapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (S.d.V.); (C.C.M.S.-V.); (E.H.)
| | - Jens H. J. Bos
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaco Therapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (S.d.V.); (C.C.M.S.-V.); (E.H.)
| | - Eelko Hak
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaco Therapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (S.d.V.); (C.C.M.S.-V.); (E.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Huh SN, Indelicato DJ, Holtzman AL, Dagan R, Park JY, Brooks ED, Alghamdi A, Rutenberg MS. Low Tesla MR Imaging for Spine with Hardware. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e674. [PMID: 37785987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Acquiring MR images with minimized susceptibility artifacts is essential for spines with medical hardware to delineate clinical target volumes (CTVs) in radiation therapy for chordomas, chondrosarcomas, and other sarcomas. Since it can be more challenging to visualize the primary structures in high-tesla MR images due to metal-induced artifacts, we optimized imaging parameters to acquire high-quality, low-tesla MR images for clinical use. MATERIALS/METHODS OptimalMR imaging parameters were investigated under general guidelines for artifact reduction techniques by testing several 3D spin echo and gradient echo sequences in a 0.23-T MR scanner. A customized spine phantom was developed to acquire MR images for bony materials which included, 4-6 industrial titanium screws, an aluminum plate, and a superflab bolus. While the 3D b-FFE sequence was used to acquire MR images with a high signal-to-noise ratio, the other 3D T1-FFE, THRIVE, and DTSE sequences were applied to reduce susceptible artifacts to the medical hardware. The optimized parameters determined in the phantom test were applied to the 15 clinical cases, including patients with residual spinal tumors and fusion hardware. The low-tesla MR imaging technique was also used to scan sarcomas of the extremities and re-irradiation cases of spinal metastases. RESULTS The optimized low-tesla MR images in the spine were noticeably useful to guide CTV delineations for patients with medical hardware, especially for residual or recurrent tumors. The imaging technique to minimize susceptibility artifacts enabled a more defined separation of each hardware component from the spinal cord and CTVs. In spine metastasis cases, pre-irradiated target volumes were determined, reflecting property changes in the bone marrow. CONCLUSION The MR images acquired using the optimized parameters showed minimal artifacts to scan spine patients with hardware. By using the low-tesla MR images, spinal chordoma and chondrosarcoma patients could be treated to improve tumor control probabilities with minimized complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Huh
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - D J Indelicato
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - A L Holtzman
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - R Dagan
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - J Y Park
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - E D Brooks
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - A Alghamdi
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M S Rutenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Tajbakhsh Z, Golebiowski B, Stapleton F, Alghamdi A, Gray PE, Altavilla B, Briggs N, Jalbert I. Increased dendritic cell density and altered morphology in allergic conjunctivitis. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2896-2904. [PMID: 36747109 PMCID: PMC10516863 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal and conjunctival epithelial dendritic cells (DC) have an established role in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, however, their role in more prevalent forms of allergic eye disease remains unclear. This study evaluated corneal and conjunctival epithelial DC density, morphology, and distribution observed using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS In this prospective, observational study, 66 participants (mean age 36.6 ± 12.0 years, 56% female): 33 with allergic conjunctivitis and 33 controls were recruited. IVCM was performed at the corneal centre, inferior whorl, corneal periphery, corneal limbus, and temporal bulbar conjunctiva. DC were counted and their morphology was assessed as follows: largest cell body size, presence of dendrites, and presence of long and thick dendrites. Mixed model analysis (DC density) and non-parametric tests (DC morphology) were used. RESULTS DC density was higher in allergic participants at all locations (p ≤ 0.01), (corneal centre median (IQR) 21.9 (8.7-50.9) cells/mm2 vs 13.1 (2.8-22.8) cells/mm2; periphery 37.5 (15.6-67.2) cells/mm2 vs 20 (9.4-32.5) cells/mm2; limbus 75 (60-120) cells/mm2 vs 58.1 (44.4-66.2) cells/mm2; conjunctiva 10 (0-54.4) cells/mm2 vs 0.6 (0-5.6) cells/mm2, but not at the inferior whorl 21.9 (6.2-34.4) cells/mm2 vs 12.5 (1.9-37.5) cells/mm2, p = 0.20. At the corneal centre, allergic participants had larger DC bodies (p = 0.02), a higher proportion of DC with dendrites (p = 0.02) and long dendrites (p = 0.003) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Corneal and conjunctival DC density was increased, and morphology altered in allergic conjunctivitis. These findings imply that the ocular surface immune response was upregulated and support an increased antigen-capture capacity of DC in allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tajbakhsh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul E Gray
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Betina Altavilla
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nancy Briggs
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabelle Jalbert
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Alghamdi M, Alzahrani R, Alghamdi A, Ali M, Alghamdi AM, Alghamdi W, Alghamdi K, Alghamdi S. AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE AL-BAHA REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:153-158. [PMID: 38096533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known sleep-disordered breathing, with known morbidity and mortality, that affects a lot of people worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of OSA is estimated to be around 8.8% among adult males and 5.1% among adult females. The research is a cross-sectional study design conducted in the Al-Baha region; Saudi Arabia in 385 participants. To evaluate the knowledge and awareness of OSA, the study utilized a validated and reliable adapted Arabic version of the OSA questionnaire. The degree of consciousness and understanding regarding OSA demonstrated a noteworthy connection with varying levels of education and a favorable family history of OSAS (p<0.05). The regression analyses unveiled that people with a familial OSA background had a 2.565-fold increased likelihood of identifying daytime fatigue as a symptom of OSA (p<0.05). The study reported an insufficient level of awareness and knowledge of OSA among the Saudi Arabian population. Various factors, including gender, education, and family history of OSA, may affect the awareness and knowledge of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alghamdi
- 1Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Alzahrani
- 1Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alghamdi
- 2Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ali
- 1Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Alghamdi
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Alghamdi
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kh Alghamdi
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sh Alghamdi
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
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Tajbakhsh Z, Jalbert I, Stapleton F, Alghamdi A, Gray PE, Briggs N, Altavilla B, Mobeen R, Golebiowski B. Dendritiform immune cells with reduced antigen-capture capacity persist in the cornea during the asymptomatic phase of allergic conjunctivitis. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2768-2775. [PMID: 36747108 PMCID: PMC10482935 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased density and altered morphology of dendritic cells (DC) in the cornea and conjunctiva occur during active allergic conjunctivitis. This study investigated whether inflammation (characterised by altered DC density and morphology) persists during the symptom-free phase of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS Twenty participants (age 43.3 ± 14.3 years, 55% female) assessed during their active (symptomatic) phase of allergic conjunctivitis were re-examined during the asymptomatic phase. Ocular allergy symptoms and signs were evaluated during both phases, and five ocular surface locations (corneal centre, inferior whorl, corneal periphery, corneal limbus, and bulbar conjunctiva) were examined using in vivo confocal microscopy (HRT III). DC were counted manually, and their morphology was assessed for cell body size, presence of dendrites, presence of long dendrites and presence of thick dendrites using a grading system. Mixed model analysis (DC density) and non-parametric tests (DC morphology) were used to examine differences between phases. RESULTS DC density at corneal locations did not change between the active and asymptomatic phases (p ≥ 0.22). However, corneal DC body size was smaller and fewer DC presented with long dendrites during the asymptomatic phase (p ≤ 0.02). In contrast, at the bulbar conjunctiva, DC density was reduced during the asymptomatic phase compared to the active phase (p = 0.01), but there were no changes in DC morphology. CONCLUSIONS Dendritiform immune cell numbers persist in the cornea during the symptom-free phase of allergic conjunctivitis, whereas conjunctival DC appear to return to a baseline state. The morphology of these persisting corneal DC suggests their antigen-capture capacity is reduced during the asymptomatic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tajbakhsh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul E Gray
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nancy Briggs
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Betina Altavilla
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rabia Mobeen
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Al-Atawi S, Alghamdi A, Alzahrani K. The Lifetime Expenditure in People with Keratoconus in Saudi Arabia. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:52. [PMID: 37606498 PMCID: PMC10443371 DOI: 10.3390/vision7030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study measured and evaluated the socioeconomic burden of people living with keratoconus in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional design, a Keratoconus Economic Burden Questionnaire, and a convenient sample of 89 keratoconus patients (58.4% male) drawn from multiple regions in Saudi Arabia. It was conducted using online surveys, and the data were analyzed using appropriate quantitative techniques. RESULTS The mean age and annual income of the participants were 33.24 (SD = 6.82) years and USD 9046.52 (SD = 16,866.48), respectively, with only 37% being employed for wages. Up to 94.4% needed glasses or contact lenses at least once a week, and 73.0% received care from optometrists. The condition forced 45.9% of the respondents to change careers or leisure activities, with a further 51.3% having to take time off work. The mean annual out-of-pocket expenses for buying and maintaining glasses or contact lenses, as well as traveling and accommodation for keratoconus-related treatment were USD 2341.76 (SD = 3053.09), with 48.32 incurring upwards of USD 3240 over the period. The treatment costs increased with disease duration, r(89) = 0.216, p < 0.05. Regression results showed that the existence of comorbid eye disease, changing glasses at least once a year, and wearing either glasses or contact lenses at least once a week individually had statistically significant negative effects on the total annual keratoconus treatment costs, while disease duration, utilization of optometrists, and taking time off had a statistically significant increase on the total cost (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION With a prevalence rate of 1 in 375, progressive debilitation, and the lifetime nature of the disease, keratoconus is a critical public health concern in Saudi Arabia. The resulting visual impairment and discomfort, as well as both direct and indirect economic burdens, have considerable impacts on the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Al-Atawi
- Optometry Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al Baha University, Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alzahrani
- Optometry Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
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Kabbush O, Almannaa M, Alarifi SA, Alghamdi A. Assessing the Effect of COVID-19 on the Traffic Safety of Intercity and Major Intracity Roads in Saudi Arabia. Arab J Sci Eng 2023; 48:1-19. [PMID: 37361468 PMCID: PMC10177722 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-023-07883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to rapid and unexpected changes across the world, particularly in road safety. Thus, this work assesses the impact of COVID-19 accompanied by government preventive policies on road safety in Saudi Arabia by investigating the crash frequency and crash rates. A 4-year crash dataset relating to 2018-2021 was collected, covering about 71,000 km in total road length. It covers all intercity roads and some of the major intercity roads in Saudi Arabia with over 40,000 data logs of involved crashes. We considered three different time phases to observe road safety. These time phases were identified by the duration of government curfew measures against COVID-19 (before, during, and after). The crash frequency analysis showed that the curfew during COVID-19 significantly impacted the crash reduction. At a national level, the crash frequency decreased during 2020 and reached a 33.2% reduction compared to 2019 (the previous year), and it surprisingly continued decreasing in 2021 (the consequent year) to another 37.7% reduction although the government measures were lifted. Moreover, considering the traffic volume and road geometry, we analyzed crash rates for 36 selected segments, and the results showed a significant reduction in the crash rate before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a random effect negative binomial model was developed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the reduction in crashes was significant during and after COVID-19. Also, single roads (two-lane, two-way) were found to be more dangerous than other types of roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kabbush
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2454, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almannaa
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2454, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif A. Alarifi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2454, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Road Safety Center, Ministry of Transport and Logistic Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alqarni D, Nakajima M, Tagami J, Alzahrani MS, Sá-Pinto AC, Alghamdi A, Hosaka K, Alzahrani F, Alsadon OA, Alharbi RA, Almalki SS, Alzahrani AAH. Study of Streptococcus mutans in Early Biofilms at the Surfaces of Various Dental Composite Resins. Cureus 2023; 15:e38090. [PMID: 37252523 PMCID: PMC10209747 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm deposit on the composite restoration is a common phenomenon and bacterial growth follows the deposition. The study aims to evaluate Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) early biofilm formation on the surfaces of various dental composite resins by using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two discs, where eight discs were in each group of Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU; 3M, St. Paul, MN), Clearfil AP-X (APX; Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan), Beautifil II (BE2; Shofu, Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Estelite Sigma Quick (ESQ; Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan), were fabricated and subjected to S. mutans biofilm formation in an oral biofilm reactor for 12 hours. Contact angles (CA) were measured on the freshly fabricated specimen. The attached biofilms underwent fluorescent microscopy (FM). S. mutans from biofilms were analyzed using a qPCR technique. Surface roughness (Sa) measurements were taken before and after biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis, was also performed for detecting relative elements on biofilms. RESULTS The study showed that FSU demonstrated the lowest CA while APX presented the highest values. FM revealed that condensed biofilm clusters were most on FSU. The qPCR results indicated the highest S. mutans DNA copies in the biofilm were on FSU while BE2 was the lowest (p < 0.05). Sa test signified that APX was significantly the lowest among all materials while FSU was the highest (p < 0.05). SEM displayed areas with apparently glucan-free S. mutans more on BE2 compared to APX and ESQ, while FSU had the least. Small white particles detected predominantly on the biofilms of BE2 appeared to be Si, Al, and F extruded from the resin. CONCLUSION Differences in early biofilm formation onto various composite resins are dependent on the differences in material compositions and their surface properties. BE2 showed the lowest quantity of biofilm accumulation compared to other resin composites (APX, ESQ, and FSU). This could be attributed to BE2 proprieties as a giomer and fluoride content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaifallah Alqarni
- Restorative and Prosthodontic Department, Almikhawah Dental Center, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry/Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry/Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Mohammed S Alzahrani
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Ana Clara Sá-Pinto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Minas Gerais, BRA
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Restorative and Prosthodontic Department, Almikhawah Dental Center, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JPN
| | - Fouad Alzahrani
- Pulp Biology and Endodontic Department, Al-Baha Dental Center, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Omar A Alsadon
- Department of Dental Health, School of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Raed A Alharbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Shaia S Almalki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Abdullah Ali H Alzahrani
- Department of Dental Health, School of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
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Morsy K, Dajem S, Alghamdi A, El-kott A, Ibrahim E, Attia K, Al-Doaiss A, El-Mekkawy H, Sheraba N, Baiomy A, Fahmy M, Shalaby F. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of trypanorhynchid metacestodes infecting commercial fish of the Mediterranean Sea. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Members of the order Trypanorhyncha are cestode parasites that are frequently found infecting the muscles of several marine fish species, affecting fish health, and resulting in consumers’ rejection of fish. Fifty-two specimens of marine fish were freshly caught throughout the year 2020 from boat landing sites at the Alexandria coast along the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, including the grey trigger fish Balistes carolinensis (F: Balistidae); the mottled grouper Mycteroperca rubra (F: Serranidae) and the common sole Solea vulgaris (F: Soleidae). Blastocysts were isolated and ruptured; the generated pleurocerci were described morphologically and morphometrically by light and scanning electron microscopy. Also, multiple-sequence alignment was performed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed following maximum likelihood analysis of the 18s and 28s ribosomal RNA sequences of the recovered worms. Thirty fish were infected; the infection was recorded as blastocysts embedded in fish flesh. Three different parasitic species were recovered and classified morphologically as Gymnorhynchus isuri, Pseudotobothrium dipsacum and Heteronybelinia estigmena. The taxonomic position of these parasites was justified by molecular analysis of their 18s and 28s rRNAs, which revealed high percentages of homology with species recovered from the GenBank. The accession numbers ON157059, ON139663 and ON139662 were respectively assigned to the recovered parasites after their deposition in GenBank. The results obtained from the molecular analyses confirmed the morphological records of the recovered parasites. Since metacestodes are found in the musculature of infected fish specimens, it is necessary to remove these areas in the commercialization of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Morsy
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | - A. El-kott
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - E. Ibrahim
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Egypt
| | - K. Attia
- Jazan University, Saudi Arabia; University of El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - A. Al-Doaiss
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; Sana'a University, Republic of Yemen
| | | | - N. Sheraba
- VACSERA ˗ the Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines, Egypt
| | | | | | - F. Shalaby
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; Mansoura University, Egypt
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13
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Alghamdi A. Structural and Functional Brain Changes Associated with Vitamin B12 Deficiency using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Curr Med Imaging 2022; 19:312-326. [PMID: 35578857 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220516113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This review was conducted to assess the structural and functional brain changes associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in different age groups using MRI. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] studies that explored structural and functional brain changes associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in different age groups. The inclusion criteria were as follows: [1] the population consisted of people and not animals; [2] patients with known B12 deficiency; [3] English publications; [3] at least one of the following brain MRI techniques had been employed: VBM, DWI, DTI, fMRI, or rs-fMRI. However, case reports, systematic reviews and meta-analysis were excluded. RESULTS Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. The results of my review show a connection between vitamin B12 deficiency and abnormal structural and functional brain changes in several brain regions. These changes were observed in different age groups ranging from a mean age of seven years to a mean age in the 70s. The results also highlight the association between brain changes and cognitive decline among affected subjects. Improvements in damaged brain regions post-vitamin B12 treatment were also studied. CONCLUSION Structural and functional brain damage was found to be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in all age groups. Vitamin B12 treatment may lead to partial or complete structural and/or functional recovery, as well as a cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Alghnam S, Alghamdi M, Alzahrani S, Alzomai S, Alghannam A, Albabtain I, Alsheikh K, Bajowaiber M, Alghamdi A, Alibrahim F, Aldibasi O. Correction to: The prevalence of long-term rehabilitation following motor-vehicle crashes in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:355. [PMID: 35413896 PMCID: PMC9006460 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mashael Alghamdi
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alzahrani
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufyan Alzomai
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albabtain
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alsheikh
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Orthopedics, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajowaiber
- National Center for Road Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Center for Road Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar Aldibasi
- Biostatistics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Alghamdi A, Mazraani N, Alghamdi Y, Albugami SM. Onychomadesis and Beau's Line Following Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in a Seven-Year-Old Male. Cureus 2022; 14:e23832. [PMID: 35530819 PMCID: PMC9069175 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infection frequently encountered in the pediatric age group. Common culprits in such manifestations are coxsackievirus A16 and human enterovirus 71. The patient presents febrile with erythematous papulovesicular exanthems in the mouth, palms, and soles. HFMD is self-limiting in nature with a rare-complication rate. Onychomadesis is proximal nail separation while Beau's lines are whitish transverse lines and considered a rare complication of HFMD. Both allude to halted nail-matrix proliferation, and the pathophysiology behind such manifestations is still not yet understood. It is hypothesized that the virus elicits an inflammatory process, inhibiting nail-matrix proliferation or immune-complexes depositing on nails creating an embolism. Onychomadesis and Beau's lines appear after four to eight weeks of HFMD disease resolution and persist for approximately 35 days. There are no serious sequelae of those manifestations, as the nail basement is still intact. We present a case of a seven-year-old Saudi male presenting with nail changes, mainly onychomadesis and Beau's lines, after 35 days of HFMD disease resolution. All causes of nail changes have been ruled out and diagnosis of onychomycosis and Beau's lines secondary to HFDM has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alghamdi
- Internal Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine - Western Region, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nadia Mazraani
- Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Yara Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sarah M Albugami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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16
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Suliman I, Batarfi A, Almohammadi H, Aljeraisi H, Alnaserallah H, Alghamdi A. Prevalence of Self-Reported Muscle Pain Among Statin Users From National Guard Hospital, Riyadh. Cureus 2022; 14:e23463. [PMID: 35481326 PMCID: PMC9034880 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Statin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, is one of the commonly used lipid-lowering drugs that is used for lowering lipid levels in the body. Muscle pain is a commonly reported adverse effect of statins, yet little is known about the prevalence of muscle pain and statin use in the general population. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted in National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All study subjects were adult statin users aged 18 years old or above. A total of 313 patients were included in the study. The study was conducted based on a questionnaire distributed among patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Among 313 statin users, patients underwent cardiac catheterization (39, 12.5%), stress test (62; 19.8%), percutaneous coronary intervention (three; 1.0%), and coronary artery bypass graft (six, 1.9%), while 203 patients didn’t have any intervention (64.9%). Most of the study subjects were on atorvastatin (139; 44.4%). The prevalence of muscle pain was 73.5%; 95% CI = (68.4% - 78.1%). The most common sites of pain were lower limb pain (160; 51.1%), upper limb pain (145; 46.3%), and trunk pain (96; 30.7%). The common types of pain were joint pain (52; 16.6%), muscle weakness (51; 16.3%), muscle aches (43; 13.7%), and muscle cramps (41; 13.1%); and patients who reported that they stopped statin at some point because of muscle pain were 92 (29.4%). Conclusion Statins are important for managing and preventing ischemic heart diseases. Our study found that muscle pain is highly associated with statin use with a prevalence of 73.5%, which causes many patients to tend to stop taking their medication. Therefore, preventing the side effects by adjusting the proper dose or switching to another type of statin for high-risk patients will help them to continue using the drug. Also, it is important to rule out secondary causes of myopathy such as physical activity, fracture, thyroid dysfunction, or infection.
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Alghnam S, Alghamdi M, Alzahrani S, Alzomai S, Alghannam A, Albabtain I, Alsheikh K, Bajowaiber M, Alghamdi A, Alibrahim F, Aldibasi O. The prevalence of long-term rehabilitation following motor-vehicle crashes in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:202. [PMID: 35241048 PMCID: PMC8895876 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Saudi Arabia, motor-vehicle crashes (MVC) are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). There is limited information locally on the magnitude and need for rehabilitation following MVC. This study examined the prevalence of MVC patients requiring long-term rehabilitation and the epidemiology of associated injuries. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at four hospitals of the National Guard Hospitals Affairs from January 2016 to March 2019. The study used data from an institutional trauma registry of all MVC admissions. Chi-square tests, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare patients requiring long-term and short-term rehabilitation. Results The study included 506 patients. The study population was relatively young, with an average age was 32.8 ± 15.5 years, and the majority were males. Over two-thirds (71.3%) of patients required long-term rehabilitation. Half the patients sustained multiple fractures, and 17.0% sustained traumatic brain injuries. Overall, 53.1 and 61.8% of patients required occupational and physiotherapy, respectively. Those admitted to the intensive care unit were four times more likely to need long-term rehabilitation. Conclusions We found a significant burden of long-term rehabilitation following MVC. Patients were relatively young, thus posing a significant burden on future healthcare utilization. Policymakers should use these findings to guide primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mashael Alghamdi
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alzahrani
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufyan Alzomai
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulah Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albabtain
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alsheikh
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Orthopedics, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajowaiber
- National Center for Road Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Center for Road Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar Aldibasi
- Biostatistics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alghamdi A, Algamdi MM, Alatawi K, Alghamdi B, Alanazi H, Alamri S, Alamri S, Albishi Z. Nurses’ Roles in Managing Patient Anxiety Before MRI Scans Using Informative Video. RMI 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/rmi.s353700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Alghamdi A, Mazraani N, Thabet SA, Alghamdi BS, Hanawi M, Almaghraby H, Huwait HF. Cutaneous Sarcoidosis of a 53-Year-Old Female: A Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e19351. [PMID: 34909312 PMCID: PMC8653933 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of an unknown cause that affects multiple organs, most commonly lungs, intrathoracic lymph nodes, eyes, and skin, which accounts between 20% and 25%. However, cutaneous sarcoidosis can present without any systemic involvement in 25% of cases. We present a case of a 53-year-old female patient with cutaneous sarcoidosis with no lung involvement. The patient presented to the family medicine department with non-itchy, tender, erythematous papules occurring at the dorsal part of the hands and the right foot for three months. Skin punch biopsy demonstrated multiple dermal-based nodules consisting of non-necrotizing granulomata. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level and a chest radiograph were normal and not consistent with pulmonary sarcoidosis. There are different cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous sarcoidosis and early identification helps in early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alghamdi
- Internal Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine-Western Region, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nadia Mazraani
- Family Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine-Western Region, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Salman A Thabet
- Internal Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine-Western Region, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Basel Saeed Alghamdi
- Internal Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine-Western Region, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Maha Hanawi
- Plastic Surgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hatim Almaghraby
- Pathology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
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Alghamdi A, Alqahtani A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine: Frequency of Abnormal Findings with Relation to Age. Medicines 2021; 8:medicines8120077. [PMID: 34940289 PMCID: PMC8708021 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients with neck pain are frequently encountered in cervical spine (C-spine) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) practice. However, the exact distribution and prevalence of cervical abnormalities are not known. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between age, gender, and prevalence of abnormal cervical MRI findings. Methods: Records of 111 cervical MRIs were collected in 12 months from January to December 2019 from adults aged 20–89 years who were referred from neurosurgery, neurology, and orthopedic clinics. Findings were classified and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 24.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The chi-square test was used to determine the association between demographics and abnormalities using a significance of p = 0.05. Results: The majority of patients were female (72.1%). The number of abnormal incidences increased with age until it reached a peak at ages 50–59. Spondylodegenerative changes were the most frequent finding, which was present in 52.2% of the total sample, and was followed by disc bulge (25.2%). Incidences increased in lower discs, with C5–C6 being the most frequent in 65% of the total sample. Younger males in their 20s had more injuries than females of the same age. However, this rate was reversed in patients over 40, as women were the dominant gender among patients in their 40s with cervical injuries, with a rate of 81.5%. Conclusion: In our study, we found that older patients developed more C-spine injuries. Gender may play a role in the rate of incidents. However, we did not find any significant differences between men and women or between different types of abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abeer Alqahtani
- Department of Radiology, King Fahad Hospital, Albaha 65515, Saudi Arabia;
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21
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Alghamdi A, Alattal Y. Assessment of genetic variation in Apis mellifera jemenitica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) using Cytochrome Oxidase I gene sequences. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6586-6591. [PMID: 34764774 PMCID: PMC8568832 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabian Honeybee Apis mellifera jemenitica is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. It is highly adapted to temperature extremes and drought dominating the region. In this study, the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) was analyzed in 133 specimens of A. m. jemenitica from eight localities along the Red Sea cost of Saudi Arabia. Results revealed 33 synonymous, and 6 non-synonymous mutations within the COI sequences, resulting in change of 4 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on either type of mutations revealed two main haplogroups accounting for 94% of the samples. In total Eighteen new haplotypes were identified and uploaded in the genebank, Fourteen of them are restricted to one/both haplogroups. All haplotypes identified in this study clustered with reference COI sequences of the sub-lineag Z (African Lineage). However one Haplotype (MW428270) represents high COI variability compared to other haplotypes and may resemble different evolutionary sub-lineage. Tajima's Neutrality Test (Ps = 0.025; D = -1.5) indicated population size expansion that took place after selective sweep and/or purifying selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alghamdi
- Abdullah Bagshan Chair for Bee Research, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehya Alattal
- Abdullah Bagshan Chair for Bee Research, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alghnam S, Alkelya M, Aldahnim M, Aljerian N, Albabtain I, Alsayari A, Da'ar OB, Alsheikh K, Alghamdi A. Healthcare costs of road injuries in Saudi Arabia: A quantile regression analysis. Accid Anal Prev 2021; 159:106266. [PMID: 34225170 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the second leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia. Their economic burden is significant but poorly quantified, as limited literature exists locally. We aim to estimate the impact of RTIs on healthcare costs. METHODS We included all patients from the hospital's trauma registry for the year 2017 (n = 381). Due to the availability of data, the analysis focused only on direct medical costs incurred during the hospitalization period. We computed the components of hospitalization costs and evaluated the association between patient and RTI characteristics and total hospitalization costs (the average and median) using quantile and log-linear regression techniques respectively. RESULTS Patients were relatively young with an average age of 31 years (SD ± 14.6). Overall, patients treated for RTIs cost the hospital around 77,657 Saudi Riyal (SAR) on average. Pedestrian injuries incurred the highest costs. Motor vehicle injuries accounted for the highest procedure-related costs (SAR 19,537). The quantile regressions results suggest that Glasgow coma scale (GCS), admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital length of stay were significantly associated with an increase in hospitalization cost. Hospital home disposition was however, associated with a decrease in cost. One additional day of stay in the hospital increases total hospitalization cost by SAR 3,508. Additionally, the log-linear showed injury severity score (ISS < 16) was associated with a 20% decrease in the geometric mean of the hospitalization costs (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the economic burden of RTIs in addition to their impact on population health. The findings may be used to inform policymakers, researchers, and the public about the increasing burden of traffic crashes in the Kingdom. Public health interventions are warranted to reduce the severity and frequency of RTIs in order to improve traffic safety and reduce associated healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSUHS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Alkelya
- The Center for Health Research Studies (CHRS), Saudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahdya Aldahnim
- Respiratory Care Department, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ibrahim Albabtain
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa Alsayari
- The Center for Health Research Studies (CHRS), Saudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar B Da'ar
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Alsheikh
- Department of Orthopedics, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Center for Road Safety, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Kheiralla O, Abdalkariem A, Alghamdi A, Tajaldeen A, Hamid N. Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Promising New Technique for Accurate Identification of the Stria Medullaris and Habenula. Open Neuroimag J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874440002114010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stria Medullaris (SM) is a white-matter tract that contains afferent fibres that connect the cognitive-emotional areas in the forebrain to the Habenula (Hb). The Hb plays an important role in behavioral responses to reward, stress, anxiety, pain, and sleep through its action on neuromodulator systems. The Fasciculus Retroflexus (FR) forms the primary output of the Hb to the midbrain. The SM, Hb, and FR are part of a special pathway between the forebrain and the midbrain known as the Dorsal Diencephalic Conduction system (DDC). Hb dysfunction is accompanied by different types of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). Due to difficulties in the imaging assessment of the SM and HB in vivo, they had not been a focus of clinical studies until the invention of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), which has revolutionized the imaging and investigation of the SM and Hb. DTI has facilitated the imaging of the SM and Hb and has provided insights into their properties through the investigation of their monoamine dysregulation. DTI is a well-established technique for mapping brain microstructure and white matter tracts; it provides indirect information about the microstructural architecture and integrity of white matter in vivo, based on water diffusion properties in the intra- and extracellular space, such as Axial Diffusivity (AD), Radial Diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity, and Fractional Anisotropy (FA). Neurosurgeons have recognized the potential value of DTI in the direct anatomical targeting of the SM and Hb prior to Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery for the treatment of certain neuropsychiatric conditions, such as TRD. DTI is the only non-invasive method that offers the possibility of visualization in vivo of the white-matter tracts and nuclei in the human brain. This review study summarizes the use of DTI as a promising new imaging method for accurate identification of the SM and Hb, with special emphasis on direct anatomical targeting of the SM and Hb prior to DBS surgery.
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ALZAHRANI S, Aldajani A, Ahmed A. M, Alghamdi A, Abdulmajeed N, Aloufi M, Alhashem A. POS-418 HOMOZYGOUS MUTATION IN COMPLEMENT C3 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH FAMILIAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME: CASE SERIES. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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25
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Almatari M, Alghamdi A, Alamri S, Otaibey M, Alghamdi AJ, Alasmari A, Alelyani M. Measuring Awareness of Infection Control Guidelines for Patients with COVID-19 in Radiology Departments in Saudi Arabia. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9010018. [PMID: 33809671 PMCID: PMC8006024 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the contagious nature of the COVID-19 virus, healthcare workers are at a great risk of infection. Since medical imaging plays a significant part in the healthcare system and is often used in the diagnosis of potential COVID-19 patients, the radiology personnel are at a very high risk of becoming infected. Purpose: This study aims to assess the enforcement of infection control guidelines for patients with COVID-19 during medical imaging procedures and raise awareness of infection control in different hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 128 responses were collected from four hospitals across Saudi Arabia using a new structured questionnaire, which was created for health workers by the WHO specifically for this purpose. Data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. Results: Most participants correctly followed the guidelines of the WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on infection control in the X-ray and general radiology departments. Guideline awareness was higher among magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerised tomography (CT) radiographers, which reduced the risk of future infections. Out of the total respondents, 98.4% stated that they had received formal training in hand hygiene. Only 40.6% of participants, however, knew that respiratory droplets are the primary mode of transmission of the virus from person to person. Conclusion: The knowledge of healthcare professionals in the radiology department regarding infection control needs to be continually assessed. A focus on educational interventions on infection control is required in order to maintain well-informed medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Almatari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alamri
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26521, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mufeed Otaibey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 24246, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Joman Alghamdi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26521, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azah Alasmari
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Magbool Alelyani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
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Almarashi A, Allaf S, Alkoshi K, Alharbi S, Alharbi B, Malhan M, Alqarni M, Atiah H, Baghdadi A, Dhabbah M, Bilobayd A, Shawk M, Alharthi H, Alasmari M, AlrashdI A`, Almurashi A, Alghamdi A, Khan K. MEDICAL PROFILE OF COVID-19 PATIENTS: A CASE STUDY OF SAUDI ARABIA. JPJB 2021. [DOI: 10.17654/bs018010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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27
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Almutairi M, Elghoneimy Y, Alghamdi A, Altayyar Z, Alkhamis H, Houbani K. P13 Massive Haemoptysis and Recurrent Infective Endocarditis in an Intravenous Drug User; A Case Report. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alghnam S, Alyabsi M, Aburas A, Alqahtani T, Bajowaiber M, Alghamdi A, Alqunaibet A. Predictors of Seatbelt Use Among Saudi Adults: Results From the National Biobank Project. Front Public Health 2020; 8:579071. [PMID: 33194979 PMCID: PMC7649265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.579071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a leading cause of death and disabilities and impose a significant burden on the healthcare system and economy of Saudi Arabia. Around 20% of all hospital beds are occupied by victims of RTCs, which represent approximately 80% of trauma deaths occurring in these facilities. Using a seatbelt is an effective method to reduce traffic deaths and minimize the extent of associated injuries. However, little is currently known about the prevalence and predictors of seatbelt use in Saudi Arabia. More studies are needed to determine the trends of seatbelt use and study the relationship between individual factors and compliance with seatbelt use laws. The aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence and predictors of seatbelt use using the National Saudi Biobank dataset. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an in-person survey from the Saudi National Biobank (SNB). The participants were adults affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Riyadh who were examined between 2017 and 2019. Chi-squared and Wald tests were used to assess the association between the respondents' characteristics and their seatbelt use. In addition, logistic regression models were constructed to assess the univariate and multivariate associations between seatbelt use and potential predictors. All statistical tests were two-sided, and the findings were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 5,790 adults participated in the survey. The majority of the participants (52.44%) were between 18 and 25 years old, half were males, and 58.80% were single. About 42.83% of the participants reported consistent seatbelt use as drivers or passengers. In the multivariable analysis, females were 86% less likely to wear seatbelts than males (OR = 0.136, 95%CI = 0.107–0.173). Individuals who rated their mental health as “weak” were 26% less likely to wear seatbelts than those who reported “excellent” mental health status. Conclusion: Seatbelt use remains low in the country and substantially lower than in developed countries. Young adults, females, and individuals reporting suboptimal mental health were less likely to fasten their seatbelts. These findings are valuable for public health programs to target specific groups and raise awareness about the need to increase seatbelt compliance and reduce traffic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesnad Alyabsi
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf Aburas
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif Alqahtani
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajowaiber
- National Centre for Traffic Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- National Centre for Traffic Safety, Ministry of Transportation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ada Alqunaibet
- Saudi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Abdou A, Takagaki T, Alghamdi A, Tichy A, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Bonding performance of dispersed filler resin composite CAD/CAM blocks with different surface treatment protocols. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:209-219. [PMID: 33162457 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of various pretreatments on the bonding of a resin cement to resin-composite CAD/CAM blocks (RCBs) was examined. The surface of dispersed-filler RCBs (DF-RCBs) and a polymer infiltrated ceramic network RCB (PICN-RCB) was roughened using hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) or sandblasting, and followed by silanization and/or universal adhesive (UA) application. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS), surface roughness parameters (arithmetical mean height (Sa); developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr)), and critical surface energy (γc) were determined. For most DF-RCBs, the highest µTBS was obtained using HF+UA. UA application to DF-RCBs resulted in similar or higher µTBS compared to silanization, which indicates that silane treatment is not crucial for DF-RCBs, especially after HF. In contrast, the highest µTBS to PICN-RCB was obtained with silanization. Both roughening pretreatments significantly increased the surface roughness parameters and the γc of all RCBs. The γc was positively correlated with Sa (r=0.756, p<0.001) and Sdr (r=0.837, p<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information
| | - Tomohiro Takagaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Al-Mikwah Dental Center, Saudi Ministry of Health
| | - Antonin Tichy
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Abstract
A good preparation of clinical teaching which is followed by systematic implementation will result in better training outcomes. In this short descriptive paper, we provide 60 tips to everyone who conducts clinical supervision or teaching to medical students in the ward. These tips highlight the roles and characteristics of (1) clinical tutors, (2) students, (3) clinical teaching environment and (4) patients. They serve as a mini guide.
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31
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Kim CH, Koo BK, Dehbi HM, Lee JM, Doh JH, Nam CW, Shin ES, Cook CM, Al-Lamee R, Petraco R, Sen S, Malik IS, Nijjer SS, Mejía-Rentería H, Alegria-Barrero E, Alghamdi A, Altman J, Baptista SB, Bhindi R, Bojara W, Brugaletta S, Silva PC, Di Mario C, Erglis A, Gerber RT, Going O, Härle T, Hellig F, Indolfi C, Janssens L, Jeremias A, Kharbanda RK, Khashaba A, Kikuta Y, Krackhardt F, Laine M, Lehman SJ, Matsuo H, Meuwissen M, Niccoli G, Piek JJ, Ribichini F, Samady H, Sapontis J, Seto AH, Sezer M, Sharp ASP, Singh J, Takashima H, Talwar S, Tanaka N, Tang K, Van Belle E, van Royen N, Vinhas H, Vrints CJ, Walters D, Yokoi H, Samuels B, Buller C, Patel MR, Serruys PW, Escaned J, Davies JE. Sex Differences in Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio or Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Revascularization Strategy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 12:2035-2046. [PMID: 31648764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate sex differences in procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR)- and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization strategies. BACKGROUND An iFR-guided strategy has shown a lower revascularization rate than an FFR-guided strategy, without differences in clinical outcomes. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate stenosis to guide Revascularization) study, in which 601 women and 1,891 men were randomized to iFR- or FFR-guided strategy. The primary endpoint was 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization. RESULTS Among the entire population, women had a lower number of functionally significant lesions per patient (0.31 ± 0.51 vs. 0.43 ± 0.59; p < 0.001) and less frequently underwent revascularization than men (42.1% vs. 53.1%; p < 0.001). There was no difference in mean iFR value according to sex (0.91 ± 0.09 vs. 0.91 ± 0.10; p = 0.442). However, the mean FFR value was lower in men than in women (0.83 ± 0.09 vs. 0.85 ± 0.10; p = 0.001). In men, an FFR-guided strategy was associated with a higher rate of revascularization than an iFR-guided strategy (57.1% vs. 49.3%; p = 0.001), but this difference was not observed in women (41.4% vs. 42.6%; p = 0.757). There was no difference in MACE rates between iFR- and FFR-guided strategies in both women (5.4% vs. 5.6%, adjusted hazard ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 0.50 to 2.43; p = 0.805) and men (6.6% vs. 7.0%, adjusted hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 1.46; p = 0.919). CONCLUSIONS An FFR-guided strategy was associated with a higher rate of revascularization than iFR-guided strategy in men, but not in women. However, iFR- and FFR-guided strategies showed comparable clinical outcomes, regardless of sex. (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to guide Revascularization [DEFINE-FLAIR]; NCT02053038).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Hae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hakim-Moulay Dehbi
- Cancer Research UK and University College London Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joo Myung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- Department of Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Daehwa-dong, South Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Department of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan Medical Center, Ulsan Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | - Rasha Al-Lamee
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Petraco
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sayan Sen
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iqbal S Malik
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hernán Mejía-Rentería
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ali Alghamdi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Altman
- Colorado Heart and Vascular, Lakewood, Colorado
| | | | | | - Waldemar Bojara
- Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Kemperhof Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlo Di Mario
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Olaf Going
- Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Lichtenberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Härle
- Klinikum Oldenburg, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Allen Jeremias
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rajesh K Kharbanda
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mika Laine
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan J Piek
- AMC Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Arnold H Seto
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Murat Sezer
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrew S P Sharp
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jasvindar Singh
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Suneel Talwar
- Royal Bournemouth General Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kare Tang
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, United Kingdom; Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Van Belle
- Institut Coeur Poumon, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; UMR INSERM 1011, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille et de Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Samuels
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Patrick W Serruys
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin E Davies
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Alghnam S, Jastaniah E, Alwahaibi W, Albabtain IT, Alqublan S, Bajwaiber M, Alzahrani S, Alghamdi A. The prevalence of head and facial injuries among children in Saudi Arabia following road traffic crashes. Ann Saudi Med 2020; 40:417-424. [PMID: 33007167 PMCID: PMC7532055 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of death among children in Saudi Arabia. Childhood injuries can be prevented or minimized if safety measures, such as car seats, are implemented. The literature on the epidemiology of head and facial injury among children is limited, which affects the ability to understand the extent of the burden and hinders investment in public health prevention. OBJECTIVE Describe the epidemiology of head and facial injuries among children admitted to the hospital following MVCs. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Five hospitals in several regions. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected data on all patients ≤16 years old, who were admitted to the hospital following MVCs between 2016-2019. Differences in various characteristics like head injury status and age groups were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Head and facial injuries. SAMPLE SIZE 253 patients. RESULTS Of the injured population, 97 (38.3%) sustained a head injury, and 88 (34.8%) had a facial injury. Thirteen (9.1%) children were driving the car at the time of the crash. About half of the children were seated in the back (53.8%) without a seatbelt or safety seat. CONCLUSION The prevalence of head and facial injuries is striking. In addition, the study revealed that driving among children is not uncommon, which warrants monitoring and implementing interventions. Improved documentation of restraint use and police enforcement of safety laws can play a significant role in reducing associated injuries. The study findings highlight the importance of combination or rear seating as well as age-appropriate restraint in order to reduce the likelihood of head or facial injuries among children. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study using the electronic search system to identify patients, but may have missed cases that were not coded correctly. Large amount of missing data for some variables. Additionally, the analysis was limited to those admitted to the hospital. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Alghnam
- From the Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebaa Jastaniah
- From the Miami Children's Hospital, University of Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wedyan Alwahaibi
- From the Epidemiology Program, College of Health Sciences, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Alqublan
- From the Epidemiology Program, College of Health Sciences, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miasem Bajwaiber
- From the National Road Safety Center, Ministry of Transport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alzahrani
- From the Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- From the National Road Safety Center, Ministry of Transport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lee JM, Choi KH, Koo BK, Dehbi HM, Doh JH, Nam CW, Shin ES, Cook CM, Al-Lamee R, Petraco R, Sen S, Malik IS, Nijjer SS, Mejía-Rentería H, Alegria-Barrero E, Alghamdi A, Altman J, Baptista SB, Bhindi R, Bojara W, Brugaletta S, Silva PC, Di Mario C, Erglis A, Gerber RT, Going O, Härle T, Hellig F, Indolfi C, Janssens L, Jeremias A, Kharbanda RK, Khashaba A, Kikuta Y, Krackhardt F, Laine M, Lehman SJ, Matsuo H, Meuwissen M, Niccoli G, Piek JJ, Ribichini F, Samady H, Sapontis J, Seto AH, Sezer M, Sharp ASP, Singh J, Takashima H, Talwar S, Tanaka N, Tang K, Van Belle E, van Royen N, Vinhas H, Vrints CJ, Walters D, Yokoi H, Samuels B, Buller C, Patel MR, Serruys P, Escaned J, Davies JE. Comparison of Major Adverse Cardiac Events Between Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Strategy in Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 4:857-864. [PMID: 31314045 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance Invasive physiologic indices such as fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) are used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, comparative prognostic outcomes of iFR-guided and FFR-guided treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes have not yet been fully investigated. Objective To compare 1-year clinical outcomes of iFR-guided or FFR-guided treatment in patients with and without diabetes in the Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularization (DEFINE-FLAIR) trial. Design, Setting, and Participants The DEFINE-FLAIR trial is a multicenter, international, randomized, double-blinded trial that randomly assigned 2492 patients in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either iFR-guided or FFR-guided coronary revascularization. Patients were eligible for trial inclusion if they had intermediate coronary artery disease (40%-70% diameter stenosis) in at least 1 native coronary artery. Data were analyzed between January 2014 and December 2015. Interventions According to the study protocol, iFR of 0.89 or less and FFR of 0.80 or less were used as criteria for revascularization. When iFR or FFR was higher than the prespecified threshold, revascularization was deferred. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. The incidence of MACE was compared according to the presence of diabetes in iFR-guided and FFR-guided groups. Results Among the total trial population (2492 patients), 758 patients (30.4%) had diabetes. Mean age of the patients was 66 years, 76% were men (1868 of 2465), and 80% of patients presented with stable angina (1983 of 2465). In the nondiabetes population (68.5%; 1707 patients), iFR guidance was associated with a significantly higher rate of deferral of revascularization than the FFR-guided group (56.5% [n = 477 of 844] vs 46.6% [n = 402 of 863]; P < .001). However, it was not different between the 2 groups in the diabetes population (42.1% [n = 161 of 382] vs 47.1% [n = 177 of 376]; P = .15). At 1 year, the diabetes population showed a significantly higher rate of MACE than the nondiabetes population (8.6% vs 5.6%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.28-2.64; P < .001). However, there was no significant difference in MACE rates between iFR-guided and FFR-guided groups in both the diabetes (10.0% vs 7.2%; adjusted HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.78-2.25; P = .30) and nondiabetes population (4.7% vs 6.4%; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.51-1.35; P = .45) (interaction P = .25). Conclusions and Relevance The diabetes population showed significantly higher risk of MACE than the nondiabetes population, even with the iFR-guided or FFR-guided treatment. The iFR-guided and FFR-guided treatment showed comparable risk of MACE and provided equal safety in selecting revascularization target among patients with diabetes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02053038.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joo Myung Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Seoul National University Hospital and Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hakim-Moulay Dehbi
- Cancer Research UK and University College London Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, England
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Daehwa-Dong, South Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Ulsan Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea and Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | - Rasha Al-Lamee
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Ricardo Petraco
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Sayan Sen
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Iqbal S Malik
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, England
| | | | - Hernán Mejía-Rentería
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ali Alghamdi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Altman
- Colorado Heart and Vascular, Lakewood, Colorado
| | | | | | - Waldemar Bojara
- Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Kemperhof Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlo Di Mario
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, London, England.,University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Olaf Going
- Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Lichtenberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Härle
- Klinikum Oldenburg, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Allen Jeremias
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rajesh K Kharbanda
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, England
| | | | | | | | - Mika Laine
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sam J Lehman
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jan J Piek
- AMC Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - James Sapontis
- Monash Heart, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arnold H Seto
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Murat Sezer
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrew S P Sharp
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, England.,University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Jasvindar Singh
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Suneel Talwar
- Royal Bournemouth General Hospital, Bournemouth, England
| | | | - Kare Tang
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, England.,Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England
| | - Eric Van Belle
- Institut Coeur Poumon, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,INSERM Unité 1011, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Darren Walters
- Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Bruce Samuels
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Patrick Serruys
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin E Davies
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, England
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Abuelhia E, Alghamdi A. Evaluation of arising exposure of ionizing radiation from computed tomography and the associated health concerns. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1728962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elfatih Abuelhia
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
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ABDULMAJEED N, Alghamdi A, Alghwery S, alzahrani S, Aloufi M. SUN-317 INCIDENCE OF ACUTE REJECTION AND EARLY GRAFT LOSS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN A COHORT OF CHILDREN: A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLE CENTER STUDY. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Alghamdi A, Palmieri V, Alotaibi N, Martel M, Barkun AN, Zogopoulos G, Chaudhury P, Chen Y. A268 PREOPERATIVE EUS-GUIDED FNA IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER OVERALL SURVIVAL IN RESECTABLE PANCREATIC CANCER WHEN COMPARED TO UPFRONT SURGERY WITHOUT PREOPERATIVE TISSUE ACQUISITION: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the standard of care in advanced pancreatic cancer. In resectable disease, preoperative EUS-FNA can help to identify benign etiology and other cancers while preventing unnecessary surgery. However, concerns regarding tumor seeding and pancreatitis have led some experts to advocate for upfront surgery without tissue sampling.
Aims
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risks and benefits of performing pre-operative EUS-FNA in patients with suspected, resectable pancreatic cancer.
Methods
A literature search was performed up to April 2019 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases with terms specified for pancreatic neoplasm and FNA. All fully published adult studies that compared preoperative EUS-FNA to EUS without FNA in resectable pancreatic cancer for short- and long-term outcomes were included. Results were reported as Odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model. Heterogeneity, publication bias and quality of studies were evaluated. Sensitivity analyses were performed. The primary outcome is overall survival. Secondary outcomes include cancer free survival, tumor recurrence and seeding, and post FNA adverse events.
Results
An initial search yielded 2814 citations. Six retrospective studies were included with 1155 patients in the EUS-FNA group vs 2067 patients in the comparator group. Overall survival was reported in three studies (n=2701: 796 EUS-FNA, 1905 non-FNA). Patients with preoperative EUS-FNA had better overall survival compared to the non-FNA group (WMD, 4.40 months [0.02 to 8.78]). In adenocarcinoma patients (2 studies, n=2050), there was no significant difference in overall survival (WMD, 2.94 months [-3.87 to 9.74]). Cancer-free survival did not differ significantly between the two groups (WMD, 2.08 months [-2.22 to 6.38]). Moreover, EUS with FNA was not associated with increased rates of tumor recurrence (OR, 0.55 [0.30–1.02]) or peritoneal carcinomatosis (OR, 0.81 [0.56–1.18]). Post-FNA pancreatitis was rare (1.7%), with all patients treated conservatively. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar findings across the different outcomes tested.
Conclusions
In this meta-analysis, preoperative EUS-FNA in resectable pancreatic cancer was associated with significantly greater overall survival when compared to the non-FNA group with no significant difference in rate of tumour recurrence and/or peritoneal seeding. These findings are limited by the retrospective nature of the included studies; randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alghamdi
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - V Palmieri
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Alotaibi
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Martel
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A N Barkun
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Zogopoulos
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Chaudhury
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Nagaraju P, Arivanandhan M, Alsalme A, Alghamdi A, Jayavel R. Enhanced electrochemical performance of α-MoO3/graphene nanocomposites prepared by an in situ microwave irradiation technique for energy storage applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22836-22847. [PMID: 35514561 PMCID: PMC9054691 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10873d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles of α-molybdenum oxide (α-MoO3) are directly grown on graphene sheets using a surfactant-free facile one step ultrafast in situ microwave irradiation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Nagaraju
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
- India
| | - M. Arivanandhan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
- India
| | - A. Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
- India
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Alamri S, Faizo N, Alelyani M, Alghamdi A, Altwerqi S, Almarghoub G, Almalki N, Almarghoub S, Alzahrani S, Alhamami S. Are Radiology Technologists Satisfied with Their Work? A Cross-Sectional Study from Taif Hospitals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/ojrad.2020.102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Escaned J, Ryan N, Mejía-Rentería H, Cook CM, Dehbi HM, Alegria-Barrero E, Alghamdi A, Al-Lamee R, Altman J, Ambrosia A, Baptista SB, Bertilsson M, Bhindi R, Birgander M, Bojara W, Brugaletta S, Buller C, Calais F, Silva PC, Carlsson J, Christiansen EH, Danielewicz M, Di Mario C, Doh JH, Erglis A, Erlinge D, Gerber RT, Going O, Gudmundsdottir I, Härle T, Hauer D, Hellig F, Indolfi C, Jakobsen L, Janssens L, Jensen J, Jeremias A, Kåregren A, Karlsson AC, Kharbanda RK, Khashaba A, Kikuta Y, Krackhardt F, Koo BK, Koul S, Laine M, Lehman SJ, Lindroos P, Malik IS, Maeng M, Matsuo H, Meuwissen M, Nam CW, Niccoli G, Nijjer SS, Olsson H, Olsson SE, Omerovic E, Panayi G, Petraco R, Piek JJ, Ribichini F, Samady H, Samuels B, Sandhall L, Sapontis J, Sen S, Seto AH, Sezer M, Sharp ASP, Shin ES, Singh J, Takashima H, Talwar S, Tanaka N, Tang K, Van Belle E, van Royen N, Varenhorst C, Vinhas H, Vrints CJ, Walters D, Yokoi H, Fröbert O, Patel MR, Serruys P, Davies JE, Götberg M. Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 11:1437-1449. [PMID: 30093050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients deferred from coronary revascularization on the basis of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements in stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). BACKGROUND Assessment of coronary stenosis severity with pressure guidewires is recommended to determine the need for myocardial revascularization. METHODS The safety of deferral of coronary revascularization in the pooled per-protocol population (n = 4,486) of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) and iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome) randomized clinical trials was investigated. Patients were stratified according to revascularization decision making on the basis of iFR or FFR and to clinical presentation (SAP or ACS). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS Coronary revascularization was deferred in 2,130 patients. Deferral was performed in 1,117 patients (50%) in the iFR group and 1,013 patients (45%) in the FFR group (p < 0.01). At 1 year, the MACE rate in the deferred population was similar between the iFR and FFR groups (4.12% vs. 4.05%; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.79; p = 0.60). A clinical presentation with ACS was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with SAP in deferred patients (5.91% vs. 3.64% in ACS and SAP, respectively; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61 in favor of SAP; 95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Overall, deferral of revascularization is equally safe with both iFR and FFR, with a low MACE rate of about 4%. Lesions were more frequently deferred when iFR was used to assess physiological significance. In deferred patients presenting with ACS, the event rate was significantly increased compared with SAP at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Ryan
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernán Mejía-Rentería
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hakim-Moulay Dehbi
- CRUK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Alghamdi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Al-Lamee
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Altman
- Colorado Heart and Vascular, Lakewood, Colorado
| | | | | | - Maria Bertilsson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Birgander
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Waldemar Bojara
- Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Kemperhof Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fredrik Calais
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Jörg Carlsson
- Kalmar County Hospital, and Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | | | - Carlo Di Mario
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, and University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Daehwa-Dong, South Korea
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Olaf Going
- Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Lichtenberg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Härle
- Klinikum Oldenburg, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dario Hauer
- Departments of Cardiology and Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Jakobsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Jensen
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Cardiology, Capio S:t Görans Sjukhus, Stockholm, and Department of Medicine, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Allen Jeremias
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Amra Kåregren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | | | - Rajesh K Kharbanda
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sasha Koul
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mika Laine
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Pontus Lindroos
- Department of Cardiology, St. Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iqbal S Malik
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maeng
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | | | - Hans Olsson
- Department of Cardiology, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Olsson
- Departments of Cardiology and Radiology, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Georgios Panayi
- Departments of Cardiology and Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Petraco
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J Piek
- AMC Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bruce Samuels
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lennart Sandhall
- Departments of Cardiology and Radiology, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | | | - Sayan Sen
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnold H Seto
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Murat Sezer
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrew S P Sharp
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jasvindar Singh
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Suneel Talwar
- Royal Bournemouth General Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kare Tang
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Van Belle
- Institut Coeur Poumon, Lille University Hospital, and INSERM Unité 1011, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin E Davies
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthias Götberg
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Natori Y, Alghamdi A, Husain S, Rotstein C, Selzner N, Tikkanen J, Schiff J, Humar A, Kumar D. Clinical predictors of progression and clearance of low-level CMV DNAemia in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 22:e13207. [PMID: 31677321 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level CMV DNAemia is common and in the absence of treatment may either progress to higher viral loads that require therapy, or may spontaneously resolve. The clinical predictors of progression and spontaneous viral clearance are not well defined. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of organ transplant recipients who had untreated low-level CMV DNAemia (<1000 IU/mL). Outcomes were evaluated for 8 weeks after initial viral detection, and progression to CMV high viral load was defined as CMV viral load ≥1000 IU/mL. CMV DNAemia doubling time was calculated for a subset of patients with sufficient viral load timepoints. RESULTS Of the 297 patients analyzed, 118/297 (39.7%) patients progressed to a high viral load and the remaining cleared DNAemia spontaneously (46.8%) or remained at low level (13.4%). In multivariate analysis, progression was significantly more likely in lung transplant recipients (odds ratio 3.09) and less likely in those with an episode of previously treated CMV infection (odds ratio 0.081). In a subset of 27 patients with progression, the doubling time for CMV DNAemia was a median of 6.1 days (range 2.4-21.8). CONCLUSION We found that previous CMV infection significantly decreased the likelihood of low-level DNAemia progression suggesting that CMV immunity plays a role in progression vs spontaneous clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Natori
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Health System, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Health System, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Husain
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Coleman Rotstein
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nazia Selzner
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jussi Tikkanen
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Schiff
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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41
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Natori Y, Alghamdi A, Tazari M, Miller V, Husain S, Komatsu T, Griffiths P, Ljungman P, Orchanian-Cheff A, Kumar D, Humar A, Alexander B, Avery R, Baldanti F, Barnett S, Baum P, Berrey MM, Birnkrant D, Blumberg E, Boeckh M, Boutolleau D, Bowlin T, Brooks J, Chemaly R, Chou S, Cloherty G, Cruikshank W, Dropulic L, Einsele H, Erdman J, Fahle G, Fallon L, Gillis H, Gonzalez D, Griffiths P, Gunter K, Hirsch H, Hodowanec A, Humar A, Hunt P, Josephson F, Komatsu T, Kotton C, Krause P, Kuhr F, Lademacher C, Lanier R, Lazarus T, Leake J, Leavitt R, Lehrman SN, Li L, Ljungman P, Lodding PI, Lundgren J, Martinez-Murillo F(P, Mayer H, McCutcheon M, McKinnon J, Mertens T, Miller V, Modarress K, Mols J, Mossman S, Murata Y, Murawski D, Murray J, Natori Y, Nichols G, O’Rear J, Peggs K, Pikis A, Prichard M, Razonable R, Riches M, Roberts J, Saber W, Sayada C, Singer M, Stamminger T, Wijatyk A, Yu D, Zeiher B. Use of Viral Load as a Surrogate Marker in Clinical Studies of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:617-631. [PMID: 29020339 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease has been the standard endpoint for clinical trials in organ transplant recipients. Viral load may be a more relevant endpoint due to low frequency of disease. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. We found several lines of evidence to support the validity of viral load as an appropriate surrogate end-point, including the following: (1) viral loads in CMV disease are significantly greater than in asymptomatic viremia (odds ratio, 9.3 95% confidence interval, 4.6-19.3); (2) kinetics of viral replication are strongly associated with progression to disease; (3) pooled incidence of CMV viremia and disease is significantly lower during prophylaxis compared with the full patient follow-up period (viremia incidence: 3.2% vs 34.3%; P < .001) (disease incidence: 1.1% vs 13.0%; P < .001); (4) treatment of viremia prevented disease; and (5) viral load decline correlated with symptom resolution. Based on the analysis, we conclude that CMV load is an appropriate surrogate endpoint for CMV trials in organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Natori
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Tazari
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Miller
- Forum for Collaborative Research, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Shahid Husain
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takashi Komatsu
- Division of Antiviral Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Paul Griffiths
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Per Ljungman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine Huddigne, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Selvakumar D, Sivaram H, Alsalme A, Alghamdi A, Jayavel R. Freestanding flexible, pure and composite form of reduced graphene oxide paper for ammonia vapor sensing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8749. [PMID: 31217450 PMCID: PMC6584526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxides based graphene nanocomposites were used for ammonia vapour sensing. The self-assembly process was adopted to prepare freestanding flexible pure rGO, CeO2-rGO and SnO2-rGO composite papers. The structural studies confirmed the formation of rGO composite papers. The ammonia vapor sensing was demonstrated using an impedance analyzer at different humidity levels as well as concentration. The CeO2-rGO composite paper achieved a sensitivity of 51.70 ± 1.2%, which was higher than that of pure rGO and SnO2-rGO composite paper. Both the surfaces (top and bottom) of the papers are active in efficiently sensing ammonia, which makes the present work unique. The results reveal that metal oxide/rGO papers can be effectively utilized in real time sensor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Selvakumar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - H Sivaram
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - A Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.
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43
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Hamandi B, Law N, Alghamdi A, Husain S, Papadimitropoulos EA. Clinical and economic burden of infections in hospitalized solid organ transplant recipients compared with the general population in Canada - a retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int 2019; 32:1095-1105. [PMID: 31144787 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections continue to be a major cause of post-transplant morbidity and mortality, requiring increased health services utilization. Estimates on the magnitude of this impact are relatively unknown. Using national administrative databases, we compared mortality, acute care health services utilization, and costs in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients to nontransplant patients using a retrospective cohort of hospitalizations in Canada (excluding Manitoba/Quebec) between April-2009 and March-2014, with a diagnosis of pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), or sepsis. Costs were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. We examined 816 324 admissions in total: 408 352 pneumonia; 328 066 UTI's; and 128 275 sepsis. Unadjusted mean costs were greater in SOT compared to non-SOT patients with pneumonia [(C$14 923 ± C$29 147) vs. (C$11 274 ± C$18 284)] and sepsis [(C$23 434 ± C$39 685) vs. (C$20 849 ± C$36 257)]. Mortality (7.6% vs. 12.5%; P < 0.001), long-term care transfer (5.3% vs. 16.5%; P < 0.001), and mean length of stay (11.0 ± 17.7 days vs. 13.1 ± 24.9 days; P < 0.001) were lower in SOT. More SOT patients could be discharged home (63.2% vs. 44.3%; P < 0.001), but required more specialized care (23.5% vs. 16.1%; P < 0.001). Adjusting for age and comorbidities, hospitalization costs for SOT patients were 10% (95% CI: 8-12%) lower compared to non-SOT patients. Increased absolute hospitalization costs for these infections are tempered by lower adjusted costs and favorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Hamandi
- Department of Pharmacy, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Law
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahid Husain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel A Papadimitropoulos
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Eli Lilly & Company, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Aloufi M, Alzahrany G, Abdulmajeed N, Alzahrani S, Alghwery S, Zahid R, Alghamdi A. Viral Infections After Kidney Transplantation in a Cohort of Children: A Retrospective Single-Center Study. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:522-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Alamri S, Alghamdi A, Al Quait A. What Saudi teachers know about epilepsy: A cross-sectional study of Tabuk City. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 89:169-172. [PMID: 30419429 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of teachers toward the disease in Tabuk City in north Saudi Arabia and identify areas in which training and education are required. METHOD Data were collected from 349 school teachers using a structured 28-item questionnaire. Data were collected between December 2017 and May 2018 in Tabuk City. RESULTS In general, the study shows a negative trend in knowledge and attitude toward epilepsy. The majority of the participants (84%) have read or heard about epilepsy, and more than half (67%) had witnessed a seizure. Epilepsy was considered contagious and psychological by 1.7% and 56%, respectively. Regarding attitude, 68% would not approve a son/daughter marriage to a person with epilepsy. This attitude correlates to the level of education as the percentage is higher for those who hold a Bachelor's or Master's degree, p < 0.05. Even though 84% of the participants reported knowing how to help a patient during a seizure, the majority of the participants had incorrect procedures, holding the legs and arms and believing that smelling onions is helpful to end the seizure. Moreover, almost half of the participants (46%) believed that a person with epilepsy cannot be successful in high-ranking professions. This belief was found to be more common in females than their counterparts, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION School teachers' knowledge about epilepsy needs improvement. A focus on educational interventions about epilepsy are needed to develop a well-informed and tolerant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alamri
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al Quait
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom; King Salman Heart Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Nasrullah M, Bakhrebah M, Hassan M, Alghamdi A, Abdulaal W, Zamzami M, Ghafari AG, Khan M, Choudhry H. Circulating RNAs in advanced colorectal cancer patients reveal increased expression of PD-1 with conventional CRC therapy. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy487.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Choudhury M, Black N, Alghamdi A, D'Souza A, Wang R, Yanni J, Dobrzynski H, Kingston PA, Zhang H, Boyett MR, Morris GM. TBX18 overexpression enhances pacemaker function in a rat subsidiary atrial pacemaker model of sick sinus syndrome. J Physiol 2018; 596:6141-6155. [PMID: 30259525 PMCID: PMC6292813 DOI: 10.1113/jp276508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. SAN dysfunction, or 'sick sinus syndrome', can cause excessively slow heart rates and pauses, leading to exercise limitation and syncope, currently treated by implantation of an electronic pacemaker. 'Biopacemaking' utilises gene therapy to restore pacemaker activity by manipulating gene expression. Overexpressing the HCN pacemaker ion channel has been widely used with limited success. We utilised bradycardic rat subsidiary atrial pacemaker tissue to evaluate alternative gene targets: the Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger NCX1, and the transcription factors TBX3 and TBX18 known to be involved in SAN embryonic development. TBX18 overexpression restored normal SAN function, as assessed by increased rate, improved heart rate stability and restoration of isoprenaline response. TBX3 and NCX1 were not effective in accelerating the rate of subsidiary atrial pacemaker tissue. Gene therapy targeting TBX18 could therefore have the potential to restore pacemaker function in human sick sinus syndrome obviating electronic pacemakers. ABSTRACT The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. Disease of the SAN, sick sinus syndrome, causes heart rate instability in the form of bradycardia and pauses, leading to exercise limitation and syncope. Biopacemaking aims to restore pacemaker activity by manipulating gene expression, and approaches utilising HCN channel overexpression have been widely used. We evaluated alternative gene targets for biopacemaking to restore normal SAN pacemaker physiology within bradycardic subsidiary atrial pacemaker (SAP) tissue, using the Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger NCX1, and the transcription factors TBX3 and TBX18. TBX18 expression in SAP tissue restored normal SAN function, as assessed by increased rate (SAN 267.5 ± 13.6 bpm, SAP 144.1 ± 8.6 bpm, SAP-TBX18 214.4 ± 14.4 bpm; P < 0.001), improved heart rate stability (standard deviation of RR intervals fell from 39.3 ± 7.2 ms to 6.9 ± 0.8 ms, P < 0.01; root mean square of successive differences of RR intervals fell from 41.7 ± 8.2 ms to 6.1 ± 1.2 ms, P < 0.01; standard deviation of points perpendicular to the line of identity of Poincaré plots (SD1) fell from 29.5 ± 5.8 ms to 7.9 ± 2.0 ms, P < 0.05) and restoration of isoprenaline response (increases in rates of SAN 65.5 ± 1.3%, SAP 28.4 ± 3.4% and SAP-TBX18 103.3 ± 10.2%; P < 0.001). These changes were driven by a TBX18-induced switch in the dominant HCN isoform in SAP tissue, with a significant upregulation of HCN2 (from 1.01 × 10-5 ± 2.2 × 10-6 to 2.8 × 10-5 ± 4.3 × 10-6 arbitrary units, P < 0.001). Biophysically detailed computer modelling incorporating isoform-specific HCN channel electrophysiology confirmed that the measured changes in HCN abundance could account for the observed changes in beating rates. TBX3 and NCX1 were not effective in accelerating the rate of SAP tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Choudhury
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - N. Black
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - A. Alghamdi
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - A. D'Souza
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - R. Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - J. Yanni
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - H. Dobrzynski
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - P. A. Kingston
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - H. Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - M. R. Boyett
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - G. M. Morris
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Al-Khatib T, Alghamdi A, Abonab M, Saggat D, Aljohani M, Daghistani R, Abualenain J. 305 The Significance of Neuroimaging in Evaluating Patients Presenting With Dizziness to the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Alghamdi A, Shawki M. The effect of kinesio taping on balance control and functional performance in athletes with chronic ankle instability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/mojor.2018.10.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Alghamdi A, Williams G, Gruchy SE. A64 PERFORMING ERCP AT A CANADIAN ACADEMIC INSTITIUATION: QUALITY PROCEDURES START WITH THE RIGHT INDICATION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alghamdi
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - G Williams
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S E Gruchy
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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