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Cailleaux PE, Porporatti AL, Cohen-Solal M, Kadlub N, Coudert AE. Pharmacological management of cherubism: A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1104025. [PMID: 36998472 PMCID: PMC10044089 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to determine if there exists an efficacious drug treatment for cherubism, based on published studies. METHODS This systematic review included observational case studies reporting pharmacological management of cherubism. We developed specific search strategies for PubMed (including Medline), ScienceDirect, Web of Science. We evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using criteria from the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. RESULTS Among the 621 studies initially identified by our search script, 14 were selected for inclusion, of which five were classified as having a low risk of bias, four as having an unclear risk, and five a high risk. Overall, 18 cherubism patients were treated. The sample size in each case study ranged from one to three subjects. This review identified three types of drugs used for cherubism management: calcitonin, immunomodulators and anti-resorptive agents. However, the high heterogeneity in case reports and the lack of standardized outcomes precluded a definitive conclusion regarding the efficacy of any treatment for cherubism. CONCLUSIONS The present systematic review could not identify an effective treatment for cherubism due to the heterogeneity and limitations of the included studies. However, in response to these shortcomings, we devised a checklist of items that we recommend authors consider in order to standardize the reporting of cherubism cases and specifically when a treatment is given toward identification of an efficacious cherubism therapy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351044, identifier CRD42022351044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Cailleaux
- Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1132 Biologie de l'os et du cartilage (BIOSCAR), Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Emmanuel Cailleaux, ; Amélie E. Coudert,
| | - André Luís Porporatti
- Faculté or Unité de formation et de recherche (UFR) d’Odontologie, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Oro-Faciale (EA 7543), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Faculté or Unité de formation et de recherche (UFR) de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1132 Biologie de l'os et du cartilage (BIOSCAR), Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Kadlub
- Faculté or Unité de formation et de recherche (UFR) de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Inserm 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Amélie E. Coudert
- Faculté or Unité de formation et de recherche (UFR) d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1132 Biologie de l'os et du cartilage (BIOSCAR), Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Emmanuel Cailleaux, ; Amélie E. Coudert,
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Coudert AE, Redelsperger F, Chabbi-Achengli Y, Vernochet C, Marty C, Decrouy X, Heidmann T, de Vernejoul MC, Dupressoir A. Role of the captured retroviral envelope syncytin-B gene in the fusion of osteoclast and giant cell precursors and in bone resorption, analyzed ex vivo and in vivo in syncytin-B knockout mice. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100214. [PMID: 31360740 PMCID: PMC6637224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Syncytin-A and -B are envelope genes of retroviral origin that have been captured in evolution for a role in placentation. They trigger cell-cell fusion and were shown to be essential for the formation of the syncytiotrophoblast layer during mouse placenta formation. Syncytin-A and -B expression has been described in other tissues and their highly fusogenic properties suggested that they might be involved in the fusion of other cell types. Here, taking advantage of mice knocked out for syncytin-B, SynB-/- mice, we investigated the potential role of syncytin-B in the fusion of cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage into multinucleated osteoclasts (OCs) -in bone- or multinucleated giant cells -in soft tissues. In ex vivo experiments, a significant reduction in fusion index and in the number of multinucleated OCs and giant cells was observed as soon as Day3 in SynB-/- as compared to wild-type cell cultures. Interestingly, the number of nuclei per multinucleated OC or giant cell remained unchanged. These results, together with the demonstration that syncytin-B expression is maximal in the first 2 days of OC differentiation, argue for syncytin-B playing a role in the fusion of OC and giant cell mononucleated precursors, at initial stages. Finally, ex vivo, the observed reduction in multinucleated OC number had no impact on the expression of OC differentiation markers, and a dentin resorption assay did not evidence any difference in the osteoclastic resorption activity, suggesting that syncytin-B is not required for OC activity. In vivo, syncytin-B was found to be expressed in the periosteum of embryos at embryonic day 16.5, where TRAP-positive cells were observed. Yet, in adults, no significant reduction in OC number or alteration in bone phenotype was observed in SynB-/- mice. In addition, SynB-/- mice did not show any change in the number of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) that formed in response to implantation of foreign material, as compared to wild-type mice. Altogether the results suggest that in addition to its essential role in placenta formation, syncytin-B plays a role in OCs and macrophage fusion; yet it is not essential in vivo for OC and FBGC formation, or maintenance of bone homeostasis, at least under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie E Coudert
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France.,Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, INSERM U1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, UFR d'Odontologie Garancire, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75006, France
| | - François Redelsperger
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Yasmine Chabbi-Achengli
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France
| | - Cécile Vernochet
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France
| | - Xavier Decrouy
- Inserm, U955, Plateforme d'imagerie, Créteil, 9400, France and Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Thierry Heidmann
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Marie-Christine de Vernejoul
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris 75010, France
| | - Anne Dupressoir
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9196, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, and Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
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3
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Kadlub N, Sessiecq Q, Mandavit M, L'Hermine AC, Badoual C, Galmiche L, Berdal A, Descroix V, Picard A, Coudert AE. Molecular and cellular characterizations of human cherubism: disease aggressiveness depends on osteoclast differentiation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:166. [PMID: 30236129 PMCID: PMC6148781 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of the jaws caused by mutation of the SH3BP2 gene. The bone is replaced by a fibrous granuloma containing multinucleated giant cells. Cells of the cherubism granuloma have never been systematically analyzed. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterize the cells in human cherubism granulomas, to determine the osteoclastic characteristics of the multinucleated giant cells and to investigate the potential role of TNF-α in human cherubism. Results Seven granulomas were analyzed in pathology, molecular biology and immunohistochemistry. Granulomas were composed mainly of macrophages or osteoclasts within a fibroblastic tissue, with few lymphoid cells. Myeloid differentiation and nuclear NFATc1 localization were both associated with disease aggressiveness. OPG and RANKL immunohistochemical expression was unexpected in our specimens. Five granuloma cells were cultured in standard and osteoclastogenic media. In culture, cherubism cells were able to differentiate into active osteoclasts, in both osteoclastogenic and standard media. IL-6 was the major cytokine present in the culture supernatants. Conclusion Multinucleated giant cells from cherubism granulomas are CD68 positive cells, which differentiate into macrophages in non-aggressive cherubism and into osteoclasts in aggressive cherubism, stimulated by the NFATc1 pathway. This latter differentiation appears to involve a disturbed RANK-L/RANK/OPG pathway and be less TNF-α dependent than the cherubism mouse model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0907-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Kadlub
- INSERM, UMRS 1138 Equipe 5, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, 75006, Paris, France. .,APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Plastique, , Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 146 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France. .,APHP, CRMR des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Quentin Sessiecq
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Mandavit
- INSERM U 970, Equipe 10, PARCC, faculté Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Coulomb L'Hermine
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service d'Anatomopathologie et cytologie, 75012, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Badoual
- Université Paris Descartes, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM U 970, Equipe 10, PARCC, faculté Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Anatomopathologie et cytologie, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Louise Galmiche
- Université Paris Descartes, 75006, Paris, France.,APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Anatomopathologie et cytologie, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM, UMRS 1138 Equipe 5, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,UFR Odontologie, Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vianney Descroix
- INSERM, UMRS 1138 Equipe 5, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,UFR Odontologie, Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, 75006, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière, Service d'Odontologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- INSERM, UMRS 1138 Equipe 5, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, 75006, Paris, France.,APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Plastique, , Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 146 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.,APHP, CRMR des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Amélie E Coudert
- INSERM, UMRS 1138 Equipe 5, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,UFR Odontologie, Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, 75006, Paris, France
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4
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Fournier BP, Bruneau MH, Toupenay S, Kerner S, Berdal A, Cormier-Daire V, Hadj-Rabia S, Coudert AE, de La Dure-Molla M. Patterns of Dental Agenesis Highlight the Nature of the Causative Mutated Genes. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1306-1316. [PMID: 29879364 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518777460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common outcome of defective dental morphogenesis in human patients is dental agenesis (absence of teeth). This may affect either the primary or permanent dentition and can range from 5 or fewer missing teeth (hypodontia), 6 or more (oligodontia), to complete absence of teeth (anodontia). Both isolated and syndromic dental agenesis have been reported to be associated with a large number of mutated genes. The aim of this review was to analyze the dental phenotypes of syndromic and nonsyndromic dental agenesis linked to gene mutations. A systematic review of the literature focusing on genes ( MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, PITX2, WNT10A, NEMO, EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, GREMLIN2, LTBP3, LRP6, and SMOC2) known to be involved in dental agenesis was performed and included 101 articles. A meta-analysis was performed using the dental phenotypes of 522 patients. The total number and type of missing teeth were analyzed for each mutated gene. The percentages of missing teeth for each gene were compared to determine correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. Third molar agenesis was included in the clinical phenotype assessment. The findings show that isolated dental agenesis exists as part of a spectrum of syndromes for all the identified genes except PAX9 and that the pattern of dental agenesis can be useful in clinical diagnosis to identify (or narrow) the causative gene mutations. While third molar agenesis was the most frequent type of dental agenesis, affecting 70% of patients, it was described in only 30% of patients with EDA gene mutations. This study shows that the pattern of dental agenesis gives information about the mutated gene and could guide molecular diagnosis for geneticists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Fournier
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,3 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M H Bruneau
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - S Toupenay
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - S Kerner
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,4 Département de Parodontologie; Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Berdal
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,3 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - V Cormier-Daire
- 5 INSERM UMR1163, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,6 Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence pour les Dysplasies Osseuses.,7 Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - S Hadj-Rabia
- 7 Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,8 Département de Dermatologie; Centre national de référence des Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - A E Coudert
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,3 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M de La Dure-Molla
- 1 Université Paris-Diderot, UFR d'Odontologie, Paris, France.,2 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,4 Département de Parodontologie; Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
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5
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Kadlub N, Sessiecq Q, Dainese L, Joly A, Lehalle D, Marlin S, Badoual C, Galmiche L, Majoufre-Lefebvre C, Berdal A, Deckert M, Vazquez MP, Descroix V, Coudert AE, Picard A. Defining a new aggressiveness classification and using NFATc1 localization as a prognostic factor in cherubism. Hum Pathol 2016; 58:62-71. [PMID: 27498064 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cherubism is a rare genetic disease characterized by bilateral giant cell reparative granuloma of the jaws consisting of a fibrotic stroma with giant multinucleated cells (GMCs) and osteoclastic features. Cherubism severity is highly variable, and recurrence after surgery is the most important risk. Currently, there are no prognostic indicators. The aims of this study were to evaluate the osteoclastogenesis phenotype by histologic examination of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) localization and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and to correlate the results to disease aggressiveness to define prognostic indicators. Based on cherubism evolution 1 year after surgery, 3 classes of cherubism aggressiveness were identified: mild (group A), moderate (group B), and severe (group C). Histologically, in grade A and B cherubism lesions, GMCs were negative for both TRAP activity and NFATc1 nuclear localization. In contrast, in grade C cherubism lesions, GMCs were all positive for TRAP activity and NFATc1 nuclear localization and displayed osteoclast-like features. Other histopathologic findings were not different among the 3 groups. Our results establish that TRAP activity and NFTAc1 nuclear localization are associated with aggressive cherubism and therefore could be added to routine pathologic examination to aid in prognosis and management of the disease. The finding of NFATc1 nuclear localization in aggressive tumors supports the addition of anticalcineurin treatment to the therapeutic arsenal for cherubism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Kadlub
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, Molecular Oral Pathology, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Plastique, 75015 Paris, France; APHP, CRMR des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Quentin Sessiecq
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Linda Dainese
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service d'Anatomopathologie et Cytologie, 75012 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aline Joly
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, Molecular Oral Pathology, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Plastique, 75015 Paris, France; APHP, CRMR des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Marlin
- APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Génétique, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cecile Badoual
- Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Anatomopathologie et Cytologie, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Louise Galmiche
- Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, Service d'Anatomopathologie et Cytologie, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, Molecular Oral Pathology, 75006 Paris, France; UFR Odontologie, Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Deckert
- INSERM, U1035, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Microenvironment, Signaling and Cancer, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vazquez
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, Molecular Oral Pathology, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Plastique, 75015 Paris, France; APHP, CRMR des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vianney Descroix
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, Molecular Oral Pathology, 75006 Paris, France; UFR Odontologie, Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, 75006 Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière, Service d'Odontologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Amélie E Coudert
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, Molecular Oral Pathology, 75006 Paris, France; UFR Odontologie, Garancière, Université Paris Diderot, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche de Cordeliers, Molecular Oral Pathology, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; APHP, Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Plastique, 75015 Paris, France; APHP, CRMR des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, 75015 Paris, France
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6
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Kadlub N, Vazquez MP, Galmiche L, L'Herminé AC, Dainese L, Ulinski T, Fauroux B, Pavlov I, Badoual C, Marlin S, Deckert M, Leboulanger N, Berdal A, Descroix V, Picard A, Coudert AE. The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus as a new therapy in severe cherubism. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:878-85. [PMID: 25491283 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cherubism is a rare genetic disorder characterized by extensive growth of a bilateral granuloma of the jaws, resulting in facial disfigurement. Cherubism is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the SH3BP2 gene, leading to overactivation of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1)-dependent osteoclastogenesis. Recent findings in human and mouse cherubism have suggested that calcineurin inhibitors might be drug candidates in cherubism medical treatment. A 4-year-old boy with aggressive cherubism was treated with the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus for 1 year, and clinical, radiological, and molecular data were obtained. Immunohistologic analysis was performed to compare preoperative and postoperative NFATc1 staining and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the relative expression levels of OPG and RANKL. After tacrolimus therapy, the patient showed significant clinical improvement, including stabilization of jaw size and intraosseous osteogenesis. Immunohistologic analyses on granuloma showed that tacrolimus caused a significant reduction in the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and NFATc1 nuclear staining in multinucleated giant cells. Molecular analysis showed that tacrolimus treatment also resulted in increased OPG expression. We present the first case of effective medical therapy in cherubism. Tacrolimus enhanced bone formation by stimulating osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Kadlub
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS1138, Team Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris-Diderot, University Paris-Descartes, and University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Unités de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris V, Paris, France; Centre de Références des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale et Moléculaire, INSERM, UMRS 872, Equipe 5, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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7
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Coudert AE, de Vernejoul MC, Muraca M, Del Fattore A. Osteopetrosis and its relevance for the discovery of new functions associated with the skeleton. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:372156. [PMID: 25873953 PMCID: PMC4385565 DOI: 10.1155/2015/372156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an increase of bone mass due to defective osteoclast function. Patients typically displayed spontaneous fractures, anemia, and in the most severe forms hepatosplenomegaly and compression of cranial facial nerves leading to deafness and blindness. Osteopetrosis comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases as several forms are known with different models of inheritance and severity from asymptomatic to lethal. This review summarizes the genetic and clinical features of osteopetrosis, emphasizing how recent studies of this disease have contributed to understanding the central role of the skeleton in the whole body physiology. In particular, the interplay of bone with the stomach, insulin metabolism, male fertility, the immune system, bone marrow, and fat is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie E. Coudert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Maurizio Muraca
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- *Andrea Del Fattore:
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Descroix V, Coudert AE. A viscous lidocaine mouthwash is no better than placebo for improving oral intake in children with painful mouth ulcers. Evid Based Med 2014; 19:179. [PMID: 24939924 DOI: 10.1136/ebmed-2014-110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Descroix
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Abstract
Ameloblastin (AMBN), a member of the enamel matrix protein family, has been recently identified as integral part of the skeleton beyond the enamel. However, the specific role of endogenous AMBN in bone tissue is not fully elucidated. This study aims at investigating mRNA expression of AMBN in wild-type mice in different bone sites from early embryonic to adult stages. AMBN mRNA expression started at pre-dental stages in mouse embryos (E10.5) in both head and body parts. Using laser capture microdissection on 3-day-old mice, we showed an unambiguous mRNA expression of AMBN in extra-dental tissue (mandible bone). Screening of AMBN mRNA expression in adult mice (15-week-old) revealed that mRNA expression of AMBN varied according to the bone site; a higher mRNA levels in mandibular and frontal bone compartments were observed when compared to tibia and occipital bones. These results strongly suggest that AMBN expression may be regulated in a site-specific manner and identify AMBN as a putative in vivo marker of the site-specific fingerprint of bone organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Jacques
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5 , Paris , France
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10
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Coudert AE, Del Fattore A, Baulard C, Olaso R, Schiltz C, Collet C, Teti A, de Vernejoul MC. Differentially expressed genes in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II osteoclasts reveal known and novel pathways for osteoclast biology. J Transl Med 2014; 94:275-85. [PMID: 24336069 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II (ADO II) is a rare, heritable bone disorder characterized by a high bone mass and insufficient osteoclast activity. Mutations in the CLCN7 gene have been reported to cause ADO II. To gain novel insights into the pathways dysregulated in ADOII osteoclasts, we identified changes in gene expression in osteoclasts from patients with a heterozygous mutation of CLCN7. To do this, we carried out a transcriptomic study comparing gene expression in the osteoclasts of patients with ADO II and healthy donors. Our data show that, according to our selection criteria, 182 genes were differentially expressed in osteoclasts from patients and controls. From the 18 displaying the highest change in microarray, we confirmed differential expression for seven by qPCR. Although two of them have previously been found to be expressed in osteoclasts (ITGB5 and SERPINE2), the other five (CES1 (carboxyl esterase 1), UCHL1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal esterase L1, also known as ubiquitin thiolesterase), WARS (tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase), GBP4 (guanylate-binding protein 4), and PRF1) are not yet known to have a role in this cell type. At the protein level, we confirmed elevated expression of ITGB5 and reduced expression of WARS, PRF1, and SERPINE2. Transfection of ClC-7 harboring the G215R mutation into osteoclasts resulted in an increased ITGB5 and reduced PRF1 expression of borderline significance. Finally, we observed that the ADO II patients presented a normal or increased serum level of bone formation markers, demonstrating a coupling between dysfunctional osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Sphingosine kinase 1 mRNA was expressed at the same level in ADO II and control osteoclasts. In conclusion, these data suggest that in addition to an acidification dysfunction caused by the CLCN7 mutation, a change in ITGB5, PRF1, WARS, and SERPINE2 expression could be part of the osteoclastic phenotype of ADO II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie E Coudert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Céline Baulard
- CEA-Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- CEA-Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
| | - Corinne Schiltz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- 1] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France [2] Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine de Vernejoul
- 1] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France [2] INSERM U606, Os et articulations, Bâtiment Viggo Petersen, Secteur Viole, Fédération de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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11
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Lescaille G, Coudert AE, Baaroun V, Ostertag A, Charpentier E, Javelot MJ, Tolédo R, Goudot P, Azérad J, Berdal A, Spano JP, Ruhin B, Descroix V. Clinical study evaluating the effect of bevacizumab on the severity of zoledronic acid-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients. Bone 2014; 58:103-7. [PMID: 24120382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bevacizumab (BVZ) on the severity of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in a cohort of cancer patients treated with intravenous zoledronic acid (ZA). We reviewed 42 oncologic patients with ONJ between 2007 and 2010. Only patients with solids tumors and who had received ZA were included. Data analyses included age, sex, underlying disease, ZA and BVZ dosages, dental history and ONJ characteristics. Of the 42 ONJ patients treated with ZA, 10 also received BVZ. In the 10 ZA/BVZ patients, the mean duration of ZA treatment at the time of ONJ diagnosis was 12.4 months (±6.8), compared to 22.9 months (±4.8) in the 32 patients who received ZA only (p<0.05). Cox's model analysis of the delay to ONJ diagnosis confirmed the impact of BVZ on ONJ diagnosis. In the ZA/BVZ-treated group, 7 (70%) patients developed spontaneous osteonecrosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ZA/BVZ is associated with increased risk of developing spontaneous ONJ (OR 6.07; 95% CI, [1.3-28.2], p<0.05). And finally, the number of ONJ lesions was increased in the ZA/BVZ-treated group compared to the ZA group (p<0.01). Other clinical conditions as type of tumor (prostate, breast…), cancer severity or other chemotherapy drugs also could be involved in ONJ evolution. However, this study demonstrates for the first time the potential negative influence of BVZ on the incidence and severity of ONJ in patients receiving ZA. Within the study limits, our results suggest that combination ZA/BVZ treatment may possibly predispose to the development of spontaneous and earlier ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Lescaille
- Oral Surgery Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; UMR CNRS 7211/INSERM 959, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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12
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Lescaille G, Coudert AE, Baaroun V, Javelot MJ, Cohen-Solal M, Berdal A, Goudot P, Azérad J, Ruhin B, Descroix V. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Nonmalignant Disease: Is There an Association with Rheumatoid Arthritis? J Rheumatol 2013; 40:781-6. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To review cases of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) occurring in association with benign disease and to describe and compare the clinical course and outcome for patients with BRONJ and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoporosis.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed observations of all patients referred for treatment and followup for BRONJ from January 2007 to December 2011. Only patients with malignant disease were excluded. Demographic data, medical history, maxillofacial findings, BRONJ treatment, and followup were reviewed for each case.Results.Over a 5-year period, we diagnosed 112 patients with BRONJ. Among these patients, 15 received bisphosphonate (BP) treatment for nonmalignant disease (mean age 65.7 ± 19.8 yrs, 80% women). Patients received BP for a variety of reasons: 8 (53%) to prevent osteoporosis in association with underlying RA; 6 (40%) to prevent idiopathic osteoporosis; and 1 (7%) to treat ankle algodystrophy. The mean oral BP exposure period was 48.4 months (median 36 mo). In 13 cases (86.6%), BRONJ was diagnosed following dental extraction. Of the 8 patients with RA, 5 (62.5%) were taking prednisone at the time of the discovery of BRONJ. Major surgery, sequestrectomy, or alveolectomy was performed in 9 patients (60%), all of whom healed within 3 to 36 months (mean 11.5 mo). Comparative analysis of all the variables showed no statistically significant differences between patients with RA and others.Conclusion.ONJ is a rare adverse effect of BP therapy, especially when administered orally. Within the limits of our study, we were unable to demonstrate a difference in BRONJ disease spectrum, clinical course, or outcome between patients with and those without RA.
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Acquistapace A, Bru T, Lesault PF, Figeac F, Coudert AE, Le Coz O, Christov C, Baudin X, Auber F, Yiou R, Dubois-Randé JL, Rodriguez AM. Human mesenchymal stem cells reprogram adult cardiomyocytes toward a progenitor-like state through partial cell fusion and mitochondria transfer. Stem Cells 2011; 29:812-24. [PMID: 21433223 PMCID: PMC3346716 DOI: 10.1002/stem.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Because stem cells are often found to improve repair tissue including heart without evidence of engraftment or differentiation, mechanisms underlying wound healing are still elusive. Several studies have reported that stem cells can fuse with cardiomyocytes either by permanent or partial cell fusion processes. However, the respective physiological impact of these two processes remains unknown in part because of the lack of knowledge of the resulting hybrid cells. To further characterize cell fusion, we cocultured mouse fully differentiated cardiomyocytes with human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells as a model of adult stem cells. We found that heterologous cell fusion promoted cardiomyocyte reprogramming back to a progenitor-like state. The resulting hybrid cells expressed early cardiac commitment and proliferation markers such as GATA-4, myocyte enhancer factor 2C, Nkx2.5, and Ki67 and exhibited a mouse genotype. Interestingly, human bone marrow-derived stem cells shared similar reprogramming properties than hMADS cells but not human fibroblasts, which suggests that these features might be common to multipotent cells. Furthermore, cardiac hybrid cells were preferentially generated by partial rather than permanent cell fusion and that intercellular structures composed of f-actin and microtubule filaments were involved in the process. Finally, we showed that stem cell mitochondria were transferred into cardiomyocytes, persisted in hybrids and were required for somatic cell reprogramming. In conclusion, by providing new insights into previously reported cell fusion processes, our data might contribute to a better understanding of stem cell-mediated regenerative mechanisms and thus, the development of more efficient stem cell-based heart therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Acquistapace
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Thierry Bru
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Pierre-François Lesault
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Florence Figeac
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Amélie E. Coudert
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Olivier Le Coz
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Christo Christov
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Xavier Baudin
- IJM, Institut Jacques Monod
CNRS : UMR7592Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7Batiment Buffon 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris cédex 13,FR
| | - Fréderic Auber
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique viscérale et néonatale
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital Armand Trousseau75012 Paris,FR
| | - René Yiou
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
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Descroix V, Coudert AE, Vigé A, Durand JP, Toupenay S, Molla M, Pompignoli M, Missika P, Allaert FA. Efficacy of topical 1% lidocaine in the symptomatic treatment of pain associated with oral mucosal trauma or minor oral aphthous ulcer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-dose study. J Orofac Pain 2011; 25:327-332. [PMID: 22247928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the efficacy in pain reduction of a topical 1% lidocaine compared to a placebo cream in patients with oral mucosal lesions due to trauma or minor oral aphthous ulcer. METHODS The design was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, six-center trial on 59 patients. Pain intensity and relief were measured using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). One-tailed Student t test and ANOVA analyses were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Independent of the pain origin (oral mucosal trauma or minor oral aphthous ulcer), the application of the 1% lidocaine cream led to a mean reduction in VAS pain intensity of 29.4 mm ± 17.0, which was significantly greater than the decrease obtained with the placebo cream. Analysis showed a statistically significant efficacy of the 1% lidocaine cream (P = .0003). Its efficacy was not related to the type of lesion, and no adverse drug reaction, either local or systemic, was reported by any of the patients. CONCLUSION A significant reduction in pain intensity occurred after application of 1% lidocaine cream and was significantly greater than that with the placebo cream. Taking into account the study's limitations, this product seems safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Descroix
- Faculté de Chirugie Dentaire, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
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Alexandrovich A, Qureishi A, Coudert AE, Zhang L, Grigoriadis AE, Shah AM, Brewer AC, Pizzey JA. A role for GATA-6 in vertebrate chondrogenesis. Dev Biol 2007; 314:457-70. [PMID: 18191120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The GATA family of transcription factors are known to play multiple critical roles in vertebrate developmental processes, including erythropoiesis, endoderm formation and cardiogenesis. There have been no previous demonstrations of a functional role for any GATA family member being associated with musculoskeletal development but we now identify a possible role for GATA-6 in chondrogenesis. We detect abundant levels of GATA-6 mRNA in precartilaginous condensations (PCCs) in both the axial and appendicular skeleton of mouse embryos and in committed primary chondrocyte precursors. We also show that the G-protein coupled receptor, Gpr49, is a target of GATA-6 regulation in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells and that, in vivo, the expression domains of the two genes overlap within PCCs. Finally, we have identified conserved, canonical GATA binding sites within the Gpr49 gene locus, and show by EMSAs that GATA-6 can bind to these sites in vitro. These data therefore suggest that GATA-6 also plays a role in chondrogenesis and that Gpr49 is a potential direct target of GATA regulation in this process.
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Coudert AE, Pibouin L, Vi-Fane B, Thomas BL, Macdougall M, Choudhury A, Robert B, Sharpe PT, Berdal A, Lezot F. Expression and regulation of the Msx1 natural antisense transcript during development. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:5208-18. [PMID: 16157866 PMCID: PMC1214550 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional transcription, leading to the expression of an antisense (AS) RNA partially complementary to the protein coding sense (S) RNA, is an emerging subject in mammals and has been associated with various processes such as RNA interference, imprinting and transcription inhibition. Homeobox genes do not escape this bidirectional transcription, raising the possibility that such AS transcription occurs during embryonic development and may be involved in the complexity of regulation of homeobox gene expression. According to the importance of the Msx1 homeobox gene function in craniofacial development, especially in tooth development, the expression and regulation of its recently identified AS transcripts were investigated in vivo in mouse from E9.5 embryo to newborn, and compared with the S transcript and the encoded protein expression pattern and regulation. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of S, AS transcripts and protein are consistent with a role of AS RNA in the regulation of Msx1 expression in timely controlled developmental sites. Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions were shown to control the spatial organization of S and also AS RNA expression during early patterning of incisors and molars in the odontogenic mesenchyme. To conclude, this study clearly identifies the Msx1 AS RNA involvement during tooth development and evidences a new degree of complexity in craniofacial developmental biology: the implication of endogenous AS RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bethan L. Thomas
- Department of Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, King's College LondonFloor 28 Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mary Macdougall
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anuradha Choudhury
- Department of Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, King's College LondonFloor 28 Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Benoît Robert
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire de la Morphogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 257825, rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Paul T. Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, King's College LondonFloor 28 Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Frédéric Lezot
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.; Tel: +33 1 43 26 94 96; Fax: +33 1 44 07 14 21;
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