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Galko J, Lalík M, Rell S, Nikolov C, Barta M, Pittner J, Hyblerová S, Zúbrik M, Kunca A, Vakula J, Gubka A, Holuša J. Comprehensive comparison of treatments for controlling the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) in Central Europe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9673. [PMID: 35690648 PMCID: PMC9188549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults of the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) cause serious damage to coniferous seedlings and are among the most important forest pests in Europe. Seedling protection by chemicals is gradually being restricted or banned for environmental reasons, and non-chemical alternatives are therefore needed. In this 3-year study, we compared the following five treatments for protecting Norway spruce seedlings against H. abietis in the Central European mountains where the weevil is especially abundant: alpha-cypermethrin sprays (the only chemical treatment); coating with sprayed glue (Vermifix); wax coating with C and F types (Norsk Wax); and physical protection with collars. The same block design was set up at a clear-cut site and at a nursery site to compare seedling mortality and wax quality under “wild conditions” with pests and under “ideal conditions” without pests. Repeated application of alpha-cypermethrin was the most effective and least expensive method to protect seedlings against H. abietis. Among the four non-chemical methods, repeated application of glue was the most effective. Because collars were moderately effective but not cost-effective, we do not recommend the use of collars. Wax was inexpensive and environmentally safe but protected seedlings for only 1 year; the newer F type of wax performed better than the C type of wax, and perhaps the F type can be improved. In general we found that seedlings at sites with high numbers of H. abietis require protection for at least 3 years. We conclude by providing an overview of all methods currently available for managing H. abietis in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Galko
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Michal Lalík
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Slavomír Rell
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Christo Nikolov
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ján Pittner
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | | | - Milan Zúbrik
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kunca
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Vakula
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Gubka
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Holuša
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Pavlik M, Zhou S, Zhang J, Tang Q, Feng N, Kurjak D, Pavlík M, Kunca A. Comparative Analysis of Triterpene Composition between Ganoderma lingzhi from China and G. lucidum from Slovakia under Different Growing Conditions. Int J Med Mushrooms 2021; 22:793-802. [PMID: 33389873 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2020035662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mushroom today known as Ganoderma lingzhi has been used for centuries in the countries of Eastern Asia as a very important medicinal mushroom. It prefers growing on rotten wood of broadleaf trees and is mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Its relative G. lucidum occurs naturally almost all the Earth, and it colonizes mostly oak and beech trees in Central Europe. G. lingzhi and G. lucidum are similar species. To obtain the qualitative parameters of G. lingzhi and G. lucidum, several strains (five G. lingzhi strains and five G. lucidum ones) were chosen and cultivated in both Slovakia and China, using wood chip (beech and oak) substrate and liquid fermentation method, respectively. It was found that there were more low-polarity triterpenes in G. lucidum, while G. lingzhi contained more high-polarity triterpenes. Beech substrate was more suitable for the accumulation of triterpenes in solid cultivation for both strains of G. lucidum and G. lingzhi. Strain C4 of G. lingzhi and strain K2 of G. lucidum contained higher triterpenes in either mycelium or fruiting bodies. Data in this study can help to identify these two species and bring a great benefit to the production of bioactive compounds of G. lucidum from Slovakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pavlik
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201403, P.R. China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilisation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201403, P.R. China
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Zvolen 96001, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Pavlík
- Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, 81372 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kunca
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service Centre, 96901 Banska Stiavnica, Slovak Republic
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Zúbrik M, Pilarska D, Kulfan J, Barta M, Hajek AE, Bittner TD, Zach P, Takov D, Kunca A, Rell S, Hirka A, Csóka G. Phytophagous larvae occurring in Central and Southeastern European oak forests as a potential host of Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) - A field study. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 155:52-54. [PMID: 29758226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the presence and impact of Entomophaga maimaiga on both target and non-target phytophagous larvae. All six study plots, with low gypsy moth population density, were situated in Central and Southeastern European oak forests and E. maimaiga had previously been reported from these plots. Totally, 45 of 4,045 (1.13%) collected non-target larvae died due to fungal infections. No non-target insect specimen was infected by E.maimaiga, although the presence of the pathogen could not be fully excluded in three cadavers. Out of 1,780L.dispar larvae collected, 15individuals (0.84%) were infected by E.maimaiga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zúbrik
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic.
| | - Daniela Pilarska
- New Bulgarian University, Department of Natural Sciences, 21 Montevideo Str., Sofia 1618, Bulgaria; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Jan Kulfan
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA.
| | - Tonya D Bittner
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA.
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Danail Takov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Andrej Kunca
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic.
| | - Slavomír Rell
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic
| | - Anikó Hirka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary.
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Santini A, Ghelardini L, De Pace C, Desprez-Loustau ML, Capretti P, Chandelier A, Cech T, Chira D, Diamandis S, Gaitniekis T, Hantula J, Holdenrieder O, Jankovsky L, Jung T, Jurc D, Kirisits T, Kunca A, Lygis V, Malecka M, Marcais B, Schmitz S, Schumacher J, Solheim H, Solla A, Szabò I, Tsopelas P, Vannini A, Vettraino AM, Webber J, Woodward S, Stenlid J. Biogeographical patterns and determinants of invasion by forest pathogens in Europe. New Phytol 2013; 197:238-250. [PMID: 23057437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A large database of invasive forest pathogens (IFPs) was developed to investigate the patterns and determinants of invasion in Europe. Detailed taxonomic and biological information on the invasive species was combined with country-specific data on land use, climate, and the time since invasion to identify the determinants of invasiveness, and to differentiate the class of environments which share territorial and climate features associated with a susceptibility to invasion. IFPs increased exponentially in the last four decades. Until 1919, IFPs already present moved across Europe. Then, new IFPs were introduced mainly from North America, and recently from Asia. Hybrid pathogens also appeared. Countries with a wider range of environments, higher human impact or international trade hosted more IFPs. Rainfall influenced the diffusion rates. Environmental conditions of the new and original ranges and systematic and ecological attributes affected invasiveness. Further spread of established IFPs is expected in countries that have experienced commercial isolation in the recent past. Densely populated countries with high environmental diversity may be the weakest links in attempts to prevent new arrivals. Tight coordination of actions against new arrivals is needed. Eradication seems impossible, and prevention seems the only reliable measure, although this will be difficult in the face of global mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santini
- Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019, Sesto fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Ghelardini
- Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019, Sesto fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - C De Pace
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l'Energia (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, San Camillo de Lellis snc-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - M L Desprez-Loustau
- INRA Bordeaux, Domaine de l'Hermitage, Génétique et écologie des maladies en Forêt Pierroton, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - P Capretti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie agrarie, Università degli studi di Firenze, P.le Cascine, 28 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Chandelier
- Department Biocontrol and Plant Genetic Resources, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Rue de Liroux, 4, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - T Cech
- Department of Forest Protection, Unit of Phytopathology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Chira
- Institutul de Cercetari si Amenajari Silvice, Station of Brasov, Closca 13, 500040, Brasov, Romania
| | - S Diamandis
- National Agricultural Research Foundation, Forest Research Institute, 570 06, Vassilika, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Gaitniekis
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", 111 Rigas str, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
| | - J Hantula
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Jokiniemenkuja 1, PO Box 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland
| | - O Holdenrieder
- Institut f. Integrative Biologie - CHN G 66, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Jankovsky
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemedelska 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Jung
- Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Thomastrasse 75, 83098, Brannenburg, Germany
| | - D Jurc
- Department for Forest Protection, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Kirisits
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology, and Forest Protection (IFFF), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Hasenauerstraße 38, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kunca
- Forest Research Institute, T.G. Masaryka 22, 96092, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - V Lygis
- Laboratory of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Botany of Nature Research Centre, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M Malecka
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Sêkocin Stary, ul. Braci Leœnej 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
| | - B Marcais
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Champenoux, France
| | - S Schmitz
- Department Biocontrol and Plant Genetic Resources, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Rue de Liroux, 4, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Schumacher
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute Baden-Wuerttemberg, Wonnhaldestrasse 4, D-79100, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Solheim
- Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, PO Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - A Solla
- Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - I Szabò
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West-Hungary, Sopron, Hungary
| | - P Tsopelas
- NAGREF, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - A Vannini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, San Camillo de Lellis snc-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A M Vettraino
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, San Camillo de Lellis snc-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - J Webber
- Forest Research, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - S Woodward
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - J Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7026, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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