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Gordeychuk IV, Kozlovskaya LI, Siniugina AA, Yagovkina NV, Kuzubov VI, Zakharov KA, Volok VP, Dodina MS, Gmyl LV, Korotina NA, Theodorovich RD, Ulitina YI, Vovk DI, Alikova MV, Kataeva AA, Kalenskaya AV, Solovjeva IV, Tivanova EV, Kondrasheva LY, Ploskireva AA, Akimkin VG, Subbotina KA, Ignatyev GM, Korduban AK, Shustova EY, Bayurova EO, Zhitkevich AS, Avdoshina DV, Piniaeva AN, Kovpak AA, Antonova LP, Rogova YV, Shishova AA, Ivin YY, Sotskova SE, Chernov KA, Ipatova EG, Korduban EA, Ishmukhametov AA. Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Whole Virion COVID-19 Vaccine CoviVac in Clinical Trials in 18-60 and 60+ Age Cohorts. Viruses 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37766235 PMCID: PMC10537914 DOI: 10.3390/v15091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial phase I/II of the tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated whole virion concentrated purified coronavirus vaccine CoviVac in volunteers aged 18-60 and open multi-center comparative phase IIb clinical trial in volunteers aged 60 years and older. The safety of the vaccine was assessed in 400 volunteers in the 18-60 age cohort who received two doses of the vaccine (n = 300) or placebo (n = 100) and in 200 volunteers in 60+ age cohort all of whom received three doses of the vaccine. The studied vaccine has shown good tolerability and safety. No deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), or other significant AEs related to vaccination have been detected. The most common AE in vaccinated participants was pain at the injection site (p < 0.05). Immunogenicity assessment in stage 3 of Phase II was performed on 167 volunteers (122 vaccinated and 45 in Placebo Group) separately for the participants who were anti-SARS-CoV-2 nAB negative (69/122 in Vaccine Group and 28/45 in Placebo Group) or positive (53/122 in Vaccine Group and 17/45 in Placebo Group) at screening. On Day 42 after the 1st vaccination, the seroconversion rate in participants who were seronegative at screening was 86.9%, with the average geometric mean neutralizing antibody (nAB) titer of 1:20. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in IFN-γ production by peptide-stimulated T-cells was observed at Days 14 and 21 after the 1st vaccination. In participants who were seropositive at screening but had nAB titers below 1:256, the rate of fourfold increase in nAB levels was 85.2%, while in the participants with nAB titers > 1:256, the rate of fourfold increase in nAB levels was below 45%; the participants who were seropositive at screening of the 2nd vaccination did not lead to a significant increase in nAB titers. In conclusion, inactivated vaccine CoviVac has shown good tolerability and safety, with over 85% NT seroconversion rates after complete vaccination course in participants who were seronegative at screening in both age groups: 18-60 and 60+. In participants who were seropositive at screening and had nAB titers below 1:256, a single vaccination led to a fourfold increase in nAB levels in 85.2% of cases. These findings indicate that CoviVac can be successfully used both for primary vaccination in a two-dose regimen and for booster vaccination as a single dose in individuals with reduced neutralizing antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A. Siniugina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Yagovkina
- Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 610998 Kirov, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Kuzubov
- Healthcare Unit No. 163 of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | | | - Viktor P. Volok
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Dodina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa V. Gmyl
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Korotina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rostislav D. Theodorovich
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna V. Kalenskaya
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Solovjeva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Tivanova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa Y. Kondrasheva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina A. Ploskireva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy G. Akimkin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Subbotina
- Perm State Medical University named after E. A. Wagner of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 614000 Perm, Russia
| | - Georgy M. Ignatyev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K. Korduban
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Y. Shustova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla S. Zhitkevich
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V. Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliya P. Antonova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Rogova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Y. Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana E. Sotskova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Chernov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G. Ipatova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Korduban
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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Yagovkina NV, Zheleznov LM, Subbotina KA, Tsaan AA, Kozlovskaya LI, Gordeychuk IV, Korduban AK, Ivin YY, Kovpak AA, Piniaeva AN, Shishova AA, Shustova EY, Khapchaev YK, Karganova GG, Siniugina AA, Pomaskina TV, Erovichenkov AA, Chumakov K, Ishmukhametov AA. Vaccination With Oral Polio Vaccine Reduces COVID-19 Incidence. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907341. [PMID: 35711442 PMCID: PMC9196174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective response to emerging pandemic threats is complicated by the need to develop specific vaccines and other medical products. The availability of broadly specific countermeasures that could be deployed early in the pandemic could significantly alter its course and save countless lives. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) were shown to induce non-specific protection against a broad spectrum of off-target pathogens by stimulating innate immune responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immunization with bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (bOPV) on the incidence of COVID-19 and other acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Methods and Findings A randomized parallel-group comparative study was conducted in Kirov Medical University. 1115 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 65 were randomized into two equal groups, one of which was immunized orally with a single dose of bOPV “BiVac Polio” and another with placebo. The study participants were monitored for three months for respiratory illnesses including COVID-19. The endpoint was the incidence of acute respiratory infections and laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in both groups during 3 months after immunization. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 was significantly lower in the vaccinated group than in placebo (25 cases vs. 44, p=0.036). The difference between the overall number of clinically diagnosed respiratory illnesses in the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions Immunization with bOPV reduced the number of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, consistent with the original hypothesis that LAVs induce non-specific protection against off-target infections. The findings are in line with previous observations of the protective effects of OPV against seasonal influenza and other viral and bacterial pathogens. The absence of a statistically significant effect on the total number of ARIs may be due to the insufficient number of participants and heterogeneous etiology of ARIs. OPV could be used to complement specific coronavirus vaccines, especially in regions of the world where the vaccines are unavailable, and as a stopgap measure for urgent response to future emerging infections. Clinical trial registration number NCT05083039 at clinicaltrals.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05083039?term=NCT05083039&draw=2&rank=1
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Yagovkina
- Center for Clinical Trials, Kirov State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Kirov, Russia
| | - Lev M. Zheleznov
- Center for Clinical Trials, Kirov State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Kirov, Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Subbotina
- Department of Epidemiology, Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health, Perm, Russia
| | | | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K. Korduban
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Y. Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Y. Shustova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yusuf K. Khapchaev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Siniugina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Pomaskina
- Biopolis-Kirov 200 Subsidiary of Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Kirov, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A. Erovichenkov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Chumakov
- U.S. Food and Drug Administraion (FDA) Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Konstantin Chumakov, ; Aydar A. Ishmukhametov,
| | - Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Konstantin Chumakov, ; Aydar A. Ishmukhametov,
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Yakovlev AS, Belyaletdinova IK, Mazankova LN, Samitova ER, Osmanov IM, Gavelya NV, Volok VP, Kolpakova ES, Shishova AA, Dracheva NA, Kozlovskaya LI, Karganova GG, Ishmukhametov AA. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Moscow in 2020: clinical features and impact on circulation of other respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Moscow in 2020. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 116:331-338. [PMID: 34986407 PMCID: PMC8720385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized children. Methods A total of 226 and 864 children admitted to the Children's City Clinical Hospital with acute respiratory infection in September to November of 2018 and 2020 in Moscow were tested for respiratory viruses using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Chlamydia pneumoniae using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The detection rate of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses in 2020 was lower than in 2018, 16.9% versus 37.6%. An increase in the median age of children with respiratory viruses was observed during the pandemic (3 years vs 1 year). There was no significant difference in the frequency of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory virus infections (2.7% vs 2.9%). SARS-CoV-2 and human rhinoviruses, human metapneumoviruses, and human adenoviruses showed significantly lower than expected co-detection rates during co-circulation. An increase in body mass index (BMI) or bacterial coinfection leads to an increased risk of ICU admission and a longer duration of COVID-19 in children. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in the epidemiological characteristics of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses during the autumn peak of the 2020 pandemic, compared with the same period in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Yakovlev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
| | - Ilmira K Belyaletdinova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila N Mazankova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125993, Russia; Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia.
| | - Elmira R Samitova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125993, Russia; Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia.
| | - Ismail M Osmanov
- Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia.
| | - Nataly V Gavelya
- Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, 125373, Russia
| | - Viktor P Volok
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina S Kolpakova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Anna A Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Natalia A Dracheva
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125993, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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4
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Bagrov DV, Glukhov GS, Moiseenko AV, Karlova MG, Litvinov DS, Zaitsev PА, Kozlovskaya LI, Shishova AA, Kovpak AA, Ivin YY, Piniaeva AN, Oksanich AS, Volok VP, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Egorov AM, Shaitan KV, Kirpichnikov MP, Sokolova OS. Structural characterization of β-propiolactone inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:562-569. [PMID: 34498784 PMCID: PMC8646525 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The severe COVID‐19 pandemic drives the research toward the SARS‐CoV‐2 virion structure and the possible therapies against it. Here, we characterized the β‐propiolactone inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 virions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We compared the SARS‐CoV‐2 samples purified by two consecutive chromatographic procedures (size exclusion chromatography [SEC], followed by ion‐exchange chromatography [IEC]) with samples purified by ultracentrifugation. The samples prepared using SEC and IEC retained more spikes on the surface than the ones prepared using ultracentrifugation, as confirmed by TEM and AFM. TEM showed that the spike (S) proteins were in the pre‐fusion conformation. Notably, the S proteins could be recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies. Analytical TEM showed that the inactivated virions retained nucleic acid. Altogether, we demonstrated that the inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 virions retain the structural features of native viruses and provide a prospective vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Bagrov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory S Glukhov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Moiseenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G Karlova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil S Litvinov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr А Zaitsev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Y Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Viktor P Volok
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M Egorov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga S Sokolova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Biology Department, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Kozlovskaya LI, Piniaeva AN, Ignatyev GM, Gordeychuk IV, Volok VP, Rogova YV, Shishova AA, Kovpak AA, Ivin YY, Antonova LP, Mefyod KM, Prokosheva LS, Sibirkina AS, Tarasova YY, Bayurova EO, Gancharova OS, Illarionova VV, Glukhov GS, Sokolova OS, Shaitan KV, Moysenovich AM, Gulyaev SA, Gulyaeva TV, Moroz AV, Gmyl LV, Ipatova EG, Kirpichnikov MP, Egorov AM, Siniugina AA, Ishmukhametov AA. Long-term humoral immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of inactivated vaccine against COVID-19 (CoviVac) in preclinical studies. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1790-1806. [PMID: 34427172 PMCID: PMC8439218 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1971569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented in recent history global COVID-19 pandemic urged the implementation of all existing vaccine platforms to ensure the availability of the vaccines against COVID-19 to every country in the world. Despite the multitude of high-quality papers describing clinical trials of different vaccine products, basic detailed data on general toxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunogenicity, protective efficacy and durability of immune response in animal models are scarce. Here, we developed a β-propiolactone-inactivated whole virion vaccine CoviVac and assessed its safety, protective efficacy, immunogenicity and stability of the immune response in rodents and non-human primates. The vaccine showed no signs of acute/chronic, reproductive, embryo- and fetotoxicity, or teratogenic effects, as well as no allergenic properties in studied animal species. The vaccine induced stable and robust humoral immune response both in form of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and NAbs in mice, Syrian hamsters, and common marmosets. The NAb levels did not decrease significantly over the course of one year. The course of two immunizations protected Syrian hamsters from severe pneumonia upon intranasal challenge with the live virus. Robustness of the vaccine manufacturing process was demonstrated as well. These data encouraged further evaluation of CoviVac in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy M Ignatyev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor P Volok
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Rogova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Yu Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliya P Antonova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M Mefyod
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Prokosheva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Sibirkina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Yu Tarasova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Gancharova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria V Illarionova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory S Glukhov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Sokolova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Stanislav A Gulyaev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Gulyaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Moroz
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa V Gmyl
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Ipatova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey M Egorov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Siniugina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Prostova MA, Smertina E, Bakhmutov DV, Gasparyan AA, Khitrina EV, Kolesnikova MS, Shishova AA, Gmyl AP, Agol VI. Characterization of Mutational Tolerance of a Viral RNA-Protein Interaction. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050479. [PMID: 31130655 PMCID: PMC6563195 DOI: 10.3390/v11050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication of RNA viruses is generally markedly error-prone. Nevertheless, these viruses usually retain their identity under more or less constant conditions due to different mechanisms of mutation tolerance. However, there exists only limited information on quantitative aspects of the mutational tolerance of distinct viral functions. To address this problem, we used here as a model the interaction between a replicative cis-acting RNA element (oriL) of poliovirus and its ligand (viral protein 3CD). The mutational tolerance of a conserved tripeptide of 3CD, directly involved in this interaction, was investigated. Randomization of the relevant codons and reverse genetics were used to define the space of viability-compatible sequences. Surprisingly, at least 11 different amino acid substitutions in this tripeptide were not lethal. Several altered viruses exhibited wild-type-like phenotypes, whereas debilitated (but viable) genomes could increase their fitness by the acquisition of reversions or compensatory mutations. Together with our study on the tolerance of oriL (Prostova et al., 2015), the results demonstrate that at least 42 out of 51 possible nucleotide replacements within the two relevant genomic regions are viability-compatible. These results provide new insights into structural aspects of an important viral function as well as into the general problems of viral mutational robustness and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Prostova
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Smertina
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117192 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis V Bakhmutov
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna A Gasparyan
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Khitrina
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina S Kolesnikova
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna A Shishova
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anatoly P Gmyl
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vadim I Agol
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, M. P. Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia.
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia.
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7
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Prostova MA, Gmyl AP, Bakhmutov DV, Shishova AA, Khitrina EV, Kolesnikova MS, Serebryakova MV, Isaeva OV, Agol VI. Mutational robustness and resilience of a replicative cis-element of RNA virus: Promiscuity, limitations, relevance. RNA Biol 2016; 12:1338-54. [PMID: 26488412 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since replication of RNA-viruses is generally a low-fidelity process, it would be advantageous, if specific interactions of their genomic cis-elements with dedicated ligands are relatively tolerant to mutations. The specificity/promiscuity trade-off of such interactions was addressed here by investigating structural requirements of the oriL (also known as the clover leaf-like element), of poliovirus RNA, a replicative cis-element containing a conserved essential tetraloop functionally interacting with the viral protein 3CD. The sequence of this tetraloop and 2 adjacent base-pairs was randomized in the viral genome, and viable viruses were selected in susceptible cells. Strikingly, each position of this octanucleotide in 62 investigated viable viruses could be occupied by any nucleotide (with the exception of one position, which lacked U), though with certain sequence preferences, confirmed by engineering mutant viral genomes whose phenotypic properties were found to correlate with the strength of the cis-element/ligand interaction. The results were compatible with a hypothesis that functional recognition by 3CD requires that this tetraloop should stably or temporarily adopt a YNMG-like (Y=U/C, N=any nucleotide, M=A/C) fold. The fitness of "weak" viruses could be increased by compensatory mutations "improving" the tetraloops. Otherwise, the recognition of "bad" tetraloops might be facilitated by alterations in the 3CD protein. The virus appeared to tolerate mutations in its cis-element relaying on either robustness (spatial structure degeneracy) or resilience (a combination of dynamic RNA folding, low-fidelity replication modifying the cis-element or its ligand, and negative selection). These mechanisms (especially resilience involving metastable low-fit intermediates) can also contribute to the viral evolvability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Prostova
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia
| | - Anatoly P Gmyl
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia.,b M V Lomonosov Moscow State University ; Moscow Russia
| | - Denis V Bakhmutov
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia.,c Deceased
| | - Anna A Shishova
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia
| | - Elena V Khitrina
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia
| | - Marina S Kolesnikova
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia
| | | | - Olga V Isaeva
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia
| | - Vadim I Agol
- a M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides ; Moscow Russia.,b M V Lomonosov Moscow State University ; Moscow Russia
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