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Litov AG, Shchetinin AM, Kholodilov IS, Belova OA, Gadzhikurbanov MN, Ivannikova AY, Kovpak AA, Gushchin VA, Karganova GG. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Three Rhabdoviruses Persisting in the IRE/CTVM19 Cell Line. Viruses 2024; 16:576. [PMID: 38675918 PMCID: PMC11054507 DOI: 10.3390/v16040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures derived from ticks have become a commonly used tool for the isolation and study of tick-borne pathogens and tick biology. The IRE/CTVM19 cell line, originating from embryos of Ixodes ricinus, is one such line. Previously, reovirus-like particles, as well as sequences with similarity to rhabdoviruses and iflaviruses, were detected in the IRE/CTVM19 cell line, suggesting the presence of multiple persisting viruses. Subsequently, the full genome of an IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus was recovered from a cell culture during the isolation of the Alongshan virus. In the current work, we used high-throughput sequencing to describe a virome of the IRE/CTVM19 cell line. In addition to the previously detected IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus, two rhabdoviruses were detected: Chimay rhabdovirus and Norway mononegavirus 1. In the follow-up experiments, we were able to detect both positive and negative RNA strands of the IRE/CTVM19-associated rhabdovirus and Norway mononegavirus 1 in the IRE/CTVM19 cells, suggesting their active replication in the cell line. Passaging attempts in cell lines of mammalian origin failed for all three discovered rhabdoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Shchetinin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Y. Ivannikova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.L.); (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (M.N.G.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhdanov DD, Ivin YY, Shishparenok AN, Kraevskiy SV, Kanashenko SL, Agafonova LE, Shumyantseva VV, Gnedenko OV, Pinyaeva AN, Kovpak AA, Ishmukhametov AA, Archakov AI. Perspectives for the creation of a new type of vaccine preparations based on pseudovirus particles using polio vaccine as an example. Biomed Khim 2023; 69:253-280. [PMID: 37937429 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236905253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditional antiviral vaccines are currently created by inactivating the virus chemically, most often using formaldehyde or β-propiolactone. These approaches are not optimal since they negatively affect the safety of the antigenic determinants of the inactivated particles and require additional purification stages. The most promising platforms for creating vaccines are based on pseudoviruses, i.e., viruses that have completely preserved the outer shell (capsid), while losing the ability to reproduce owing to the destruction of the genome. The irradiation of viruses with electron beam is the optimal way to create pseudoviral particles. In this review, with the example of the poliovirus, the main algorithms that can be applied to characterize pseudoviral particles functionally and structurally in the process of creating a vaccine preparation are presented. These algorithms are, namely, the analysis of the degree of genome destruction and coimmunogenicity. The structure of the poliovirus and methods of its inactivation are considered. Methods for assessing residual infectivity and immunogenicity are proposed for the functional characterization of pseudoviruses. Genome integrity analysis approaches, atomic force and electron microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and bioelectrochemical methods are crucial to structural characterization of the pseudovirus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu Ivin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - V V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Pinyaeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kovpak
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Gordeychuk IV, Kozlovskaya LI, Siniugina AA, Yagovkina NV, Kuzubov VI, Zakharov KA, Volok VP, Dodina MS, Gmyl LV, Korotina NA, Theodorovich RD, Ulitina YI, Vovk DI, Alikova MV, Kataeva AA, Kalenskaya AV, Solovjeva IV, Tivanova EV, Kondrasheva LY, Ploskireva AA, Akimkin VG, Subbotina KA, Ignatyev GM, Korduban AK, Shustova EY, Bayurova EO, Zhitkevich AS, Avdoshina DV, Piniaeva AN, Kovpak AA, Antonova LP, Rogova YV, Shishova AA, Ivin YY, Sotskova SE, Chernov KA, Ipatova EG, Korduban EA, Ishmukhametov AA. Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Whole Virion COVID-19 Vaccine CoviVac in Clinical Trials in 18-60 and 60+ Age Cohorts. Viruses 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37766235 PMCID: PMC10537914 DOI: 10.3390/v15091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial phase I/II of the tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated whole virion concentrated purified coronavirus vaccine CoviVac in volunteers aged 18-60 and open multi-center comparative phase IIb clinical trial in volunteers aged 60 years and older. The safety of the vaccine was assessed in 400 volunteers in the 18-60 age cohort who received two doses of the vaccine (n = 300) or placebo (n = 100) and in 200 volunteers in 60+ age cohort all of whom received three doses of the vaccine. The studied vaccine has shown good tolerability and safety. No deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), or other significant AEs related to vaccination have been detected. The most common AE in vaccinated participants was pain at the injection site (p < 0.05). Immunogenicity assessment in stage 3 of Phase II was performed on 167 volunteers (122 vaccinated and 45 in Placebo Group) separately for the participants who were anti-SARS-CoV-2 nAB negative (69/122 in Vaccine Group and 28/45 in Placebo Group) or positive (53/122 in Vaccine Group and 17/45 in Placebo Group) at screening. On Day 42 after the 1st vaccination, the seroconversion rate in participants who were seronegative at screening was 86.9%, with the average geometric mean neutralizing antibody (nAB) titer of 1:20. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in IFN-γ production by peptide-stimulated T-cells was observed at Days 14 and 21 after the 1st vaccination. In participants who were seropositive at screening but had nAB titers below 1:256, the rate of fourfold increase in nAB levels was 85.2%, while in the participants with nAB titers > 1:256, the rate of fourfold increase in nAB levels was below 45%; the participants who were seropositive at screening of the 2nd vaccination did not lead to a significant increase in nAB titers. In conclusion, inactivated vaccine CoviVac has shown good tolerability and safety, with over 85% NT seroconversion rates after complete vaccination course in participants who were seronegative at screening in both age groups: 18-60 and 60+. In participants who were seropositive at screening and had nAB titers below 1:256, a single vaccination led to a fourfold increase in nAB levels in 85.2% of cases. These findings indicate that CoviVac can be successfully used both for primary vaccination in a two-dose regimen and for booster vaccination as a single dose in individuals with reduced neutralizing antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A. Siniugina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Yagovkina
- Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 610998 Kirov, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Kuzubov
- Healthcare Unit No. 163 of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | | | - Viktor P. Volok
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Dodina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa V. Gmyl
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Korotina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rostislav D. Theodorovich
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna V. Kalenskaya
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Solovjeva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Tivanova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa Y. Kondrasheva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina A. Ploskireva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy G. Akimkin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Subbotina
- Perm State Medical University named after E. A. Wagner of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 614000 Perm, Russia
| | - Georgy M. Ignatyev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K. Korduban
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Y. Shustova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla S. Zhitkevich
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V. Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliya P. Antonova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Rogova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Y. Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana E. Sotskova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Chernov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G. Ipatova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Korduban
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Kovpak AA, Piniaeva AN, Gerasimov OA, Tcelykh IO, Ermakova MY, Zyrina AN, Danilov DV, Ivin YY, Kozlovskaya LI, Ishmukhametov AA. Methodology of Purification of Inactivated Cell-Culture-Grown SARS-CoV-2 Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060949. [PMID: 35746557 PMCID: PMC9228843 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of COVID-19 vaccines, including adenovirus, mRNA, and inactivated ones, have been developed and approved for clinical use worldwide. Inactivated vaccines are produced using a proven technology that is widely used for the production of vaccines for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including influenza and poliomyelitis. The development of inactivated whole-virion vaccines commonly includes several stages: the production of cellular and viral biomass in cell culture; inactivation of the virus; filtration and ultrafiltration; chromatographic purification of the viral antigen; and formulation with stabilizers and adjuvants. In this study, the suitability of four resins for Size-Exclusion Chromatography was investigated for the purification of a viral antigen for the human COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasia N. Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Oleg A. Gerasimov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Irina O. Tcelykh
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Mayya Y. Ermakova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Anna N. Zyrina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Dmitry V. Danilov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Yury Y. Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.P.); (O.A.G.); (I.O.T.); (M.Y.E.); (A.N.Z.); (D.V.D.); (Y.Y.I.); (L.I.K.); (A.A.I.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Yagovkina NV, Zheleznov LM, Subbotina KA, Tsaan AA, Kozlovskaya LI, Gordeychuk IV, Korduban AK, Ivin YY, Kovpak AA, Piniaeva AN, Shishova AA, Shustova EY, Khapchaev YK, Karganova GG, Siniugina AA, Pomaskina TV, Erovichenkov AA, Chumakov K, Ishmukhametov AA. Vaccination With Oral Polio Vaccine Reduces COVID-19 Incidence. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907341. [PMID: 35711442 PMCID: PMC9196174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective response to emerging pandemic threats is complicated by the need to develop specific vaccines and other medical products. The availability of broadly specific countermeasures that could be deployed early in the pandemic could significantly alter its course and save countless lives. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) were shown to induce non-specific protection against a broad spectrum of off-target pathogens by stimulating innate immune responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immunization with bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (bOPV) on the incidence of COVID-19 and other acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Methods and Findings A randomized parallel-group comparative study was conducted in Kirov Medical University. 1115 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 65 were randomized into two equal groups, one of which was immunized orally with a single dose of bOPV “BiVac Polio” and another with placebo. The study participants were monitored for three months for respiratory illnesses including COVID-19. The endpoint was the incidence of acute respiratory infections and laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in both groups during 3 months after immunization. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 was significantly lower in the vaccinated group than in placebo (25 cases vs. 44, p=0.036). The difference between the overall number of clinically diagnosed respiratory illnesses in the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions Immunization with bOPV reduced the number of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, consistent with the original hypothesis that LAVs induce non-specific protection against off-target infections. The findings are in line with previous observations of the protective effects of OPV against seasonal influenza and other viral and bacterial pathogens. The absence of a statistically significant effect on the total number of ARIs may be due to the insufficient number of participants and heterogeneous etiology of ARIs. OPV could be used to complement specific coronavirus vaccines, especially in regions of the world where the vaccines are unavailable, and as a stopgap measure for urgent response to future emerging infections. Clinical trial registration number NCT05083039 at clinicaltrals.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05083039?term=NCT05083039&draw=2&rank=1
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Yagovkina
- Center for Clinical Trials, Kirov State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Kirov, Russia
| | - Lev M. Zheleznov
- Center for Clinical Trials, Kirov State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Kirov, Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Subbotina
- Department of Epidemiology, Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health, Perm, Russia
| | | | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K. Korduban
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Y. Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Y. Shustova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yusuf K. Khapchaev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Siniugina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Pomaskina
- Biopolis-Kirov 200 Subsidiary of Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Kirov, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A. Erovichenkov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Chumakov
- U.S. Food and Drug Administraion (FDA) Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Konstantin Chumakov, ; Aydar A. Ishmukhametov,
| | - Aydar A. Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Konstantin Chumakov, ; Aydar A. Ishmukhametov,
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6
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Bagrov DV, Glukhov GS, Moiseenko AV, Karlova MG, Litvinov DS, Zaitsev PА, Kozlovskaya LI, Shishova AA, Kovpak AA, Ivin YY, Piniaeva AN, Oksanich AS, Volok VP, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Egorov AM, Shaitan KV, Kirpichnikov MP, Sokolova OS. Structural characterization of β-propiolactone inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:562-569. [PMID: 34498784 PMCID: PMC8646525 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The severe COVID‐19 pandemic drives the research toward the SARS‐CoV‐2 virion structure and the possible therapies against it. Here, we characterized the β‐propiolactone inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 virions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We compared the SARS‐CoV‐2 samples purified by two consecutive chromatographic procedures (size exclusion chromatography [SEC], followed by ion‐exchange chromatography [IEC]) with samples purified by ultracentrifugation. The samples prepared using SEC and IEC retained more spikes on the surface than the ones prepared using ultracentrifugation, as confirmed by TEM and AFM. TEM showed that the spike (S) proteins were in the pre‐fusion conformation. Notably, the S proteins could be recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies. Analytical TEM showed that the inactivated virions retained nucleic acid. Altogether, we demonstrated that the inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 virions retain the structural features of native viruses and provide a prospective vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Bagrov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory S Glukhov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Moiseenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G Karlova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil S Litvinov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr А Zaitsev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Y Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Viktor P Volok
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M Egorov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga S Sokolova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Biology Department, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Kozlovskaya LI, Piniaeva AN, Ignatyev GM, Gordeychuk IV, Volok VP, Rogova YV, Shishova AA, Kovpak AA, Ivin YY, Antonova LP, Mefyod KM, Prokosheva LS, Sibirkina AS, Tarasova YY, Bayurova EO, Gancharova OS, Illarionova VV, Glukhov GS, Sokolova OS, Shaitan KV, Moysenovich AM, Gulyaev SA, Gulyaeva TV, Moroz AV, Gmyl LV, Ipatova EG, Kirpichnikov MP, Egorov AM, Siniugina AA, Ishmukhametov AA. Long-term humoral immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of inactivated vaccine against COVID-19 (CoviVac) in preclinical studies. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1790-1806. [PMID: 34427172 PMCID: PMC8439218 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1971569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented in recent history global COVID-19 pandemic urged the implementation of all existing vaccine platforms to ensure the availability of the vaccines against COVID-19 to every country in the world. Despite the multitude of high-quality papers describing clinical trials of different vaccine products, basic detailed data on general toxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunogenicity, protective efficacy and durability of immune response in animal models are scarce. Here, we developed a β-propiolactone-inactivated whole virion vaccine CoviVac and assessed its safety, protective efficacy, immunogenicity and stability of the immune response in rodents and non-human primates. The vaccine showed no signs of acute/chronic, reproductive, embryo- and fetotoxicity, or teratogenic effects, as well as no allergenic properties in studied animal species. The vaccine induced stable and robust humoral immune response both in form of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and NAbs in mice, Syrian hamsters, and common marmosets. The NAb levels did not decrease significantly over the course of one year. The course of two immunizations protected Syrian hamsters from severe pneumonia upon intranasal challenge with the live virus. Robustness of the vaccine manufacturing process was demonstrated as well. These data encouraged further evaluation of CoviVac in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Piniaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy M Ignatyev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor P Volok
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Rogova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shishova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Kovpak
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Yu Ivin
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliya P Antonova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M Mefyod
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Prokosheva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Sibirkina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Yu Tarasova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Gancharova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria V Illarionova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory S Glukhov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Sokolova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Stanislav A Gulyaev
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Gulyaeva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Moroz
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa V Gmyl
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Ipatova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey M Egorov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Siniugina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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