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Thomann AS, McQuade CA, Pinjušić K, Kolz A, Schmitz R, Kitamura D, Wekerle H, Peters A. A B cell-driven EAE mouse model reveals the impact of B cell-derived cytokines on CNS autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300733120. [PMID: 37956299 PMCID: PMC10666104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300733120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), pathogenic T cell responses are known to be important drivers of autoimmune inflammation. However, increasing evidence suggests an additional role for B cells, which may contribute to pathogenesis via antigen presentation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, these B cell effector functions are not featured well in classical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models. Here, we compared properties of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific and polyclonal B cells and developed an adjuvant-free cotransfer EAE mouse model, where highly activated, MOG-specific induced germinal center B cells provide the critical stimulus for disease development. We could show that high levels of MOG-specific immunoglobulin G (IgGs) are not required for EAE development, suggesting that antigen presentation and activation of cognate T cells by B cells may be important for pathogenesis. As our model allows for B cell manipulation prior to transfer, we found that overexpression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 by MOG-specific B cells leads to an accelerated EAE onset accompanied by activation/expansion of the myeloid compartment rather than a changed T cell response. Accordingly, knocking out IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor α in MOG-specific B cells via CRISPR-Cas9 did not affect activation of pathogenic T cells. In summary, we generated a tool to dissect pathogenic B cell effector function in EAE development, which should improve our understanding of pathogenic processes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Thomann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Courtney A. McQuade
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Katarina Pinjušić
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Anna Kolz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Rosa Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba278-0022, Japan
| | - Hartmut Wekerle
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Anneli Peters
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
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Benakis C, Simats A, Tritschler S, Heindl S, Besson-Girard S, Llovera G, Pinkham K, Kolz A, Ricci A, Theis FJ, Bittner S, Gökce Ö, Peters A, Liesz A. T cells modulate the microglial response to brain ischemia. eLife 2022; 11:82031. [PMID: 36512388 PMCID: PMC9747154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation after stroke is characterized by the activation of resident microglia and the invasion of circulating leukocytes into the brain. Although lymphocytes infiltrate the brain in small number, they have been consistently demonstrated to be the most potent leukocyte subpopulation contributing to secondary inflammatory brain injury. However, the exact mechanism of how this minimal number of lymphocytes can profoundly affect stroke outcome is still largely elusive. Here, using a mouse model for ischemic stroke, we demonstrated that early activation of microglia in response to stroke is differentially regulated by distinct T cell subpopulations - with TH1 cells inducing a type I INF signaling in microglia and regulatory T cells (TREG) cells promoting microglial genes associated with chemotaxis. Acute treatment with engineered T cells overexpressing IL-10 administered into the cisterna magna after stroke induces a switch of microglial gene expression to a profile associated with pro-regenerative functions. Whereas microglia polarization by T cell subsets did not affect the acute development of the infarct volume, these findings substantiate the role of T cells in stroke by polarizing the microglial phenotype. Targeting T cell-microglia interactions can have direct translational relevance for further development of immune-targeted therapies for stroke and other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alba Simats
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Steffanie Heindl
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Llovera
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Kelsey Pinkham
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Anna Kolz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alessio Ricci
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), RhineMain Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Özgün Gökce
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Anneli Peters
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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Matthias J, Heink S, Picard F, Zeiträg J, Kolz A, Chao YY, Soll D, de Almeida GP, Glasmacher E, Jacobsen ID, Riedel T, Peters A, Floess S, Huehn J, Baumjohann D, Huber M, Korn T, Zielinski CE. Salt generates antiinflammatory Th17 cells but amplifies pathogenicity in proinflammatory cytokine microenvironments. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4587-4600. [PMID: 32484796 DOI: 10.1172/jci137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Th cells integrate signals from their microenvironment to acquire distinct specialization programs for efficient clearance of diverse pathogens or for immunotolerance. Ionic signals have recently been demonstrated to affect T cell polarization and function. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was proposed to accumulate in peripheral tissues upon dietary intake and to promote autoimmunity via the Th17 cell axis. Here, we demonstrate that high-NaCl conditions induced a stable, pathogen-specific, antiinflammatory Th17 cell fate in human T cells in vitro. The p38/MAPK pathway, involving NFAT5 and SGK1, regulated FoxP3 and IL-17A expression in high-NaCl conditions. The NaCl-induced acquisition of an antiinflammatory Th17 cell fate was confirmed in vivo in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, which demonstrated strongly reduced disease symptoms upon transfer of T cells polarized in high-NaCl conditions. However, NaCl was coopted to promote murine and human Th17 cell pathogenicity, if T cell stimulation occurred in a proinflammatory and TGF-β-low cytokine microenvironment. Taken together, our findings reveal a context-dependent, dichotomous role for NaCl in shaping Th17 cell pathogenicity. NaCl might therefore prove beneficial for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in combination with cytokine-blocking drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Matthias
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Heink
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Picard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Zeiträg
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU Munich), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Kolz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center of LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ying-Yin Chao
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Soll
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gustavo P de Almeida
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Glasmacher
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, Large Molecule Research, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig and German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anneli Peters
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center of LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU Munich), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christina E Zielinski
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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