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Epigenetic Rewiring of Metastatic Cancer to the Brain: Focus on Lung and Colon Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072145. [PMID: 37046805 PMCID: PMC10093491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis occurs when cancer cells adapt to a tissue microenvironment that is different from the primary organ. This process requires genetic and epigenetic changes in cancer cells and the concomitant modification of the tumor stroma to facilitate invasion by metastatic cells. In this study, we analyzed differences in the epigenome of brain metastasis from the colon (n = 4) and lung (n = 14) cancer and we compared these signatures with those found in primary tumors. Results show that CRC tumors showed a high degree of genome-wide methylation compared to lung cancers. Further, brain metastasis from lung cancer deeply activates neural signatures able to modify the brain microenvironment favoring tumor cells adaptation. At the protein level, brain metastases from lung cancer show expression of the neural/glial marker Nestin. On the other hand, colon brain metastases show activation of metabolic signaling. These signatures are specific for metastatic tumors since primary cancers did not show such epigenetic derangements. In conclusion, our data shed light on the epi/molecular mechanisms that colon and lung cancers adopt to thrive in the brain environment.
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Deep learning pipeline for automatic segmentation and volume measurement in intracerebral hemorrhage with differentiation of hemorrhage, intraventricular extension and perihematomal edema. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Ghost mitochondria drive metastasis through adaptive GCN2/Akt therapeutic vulnerability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115624119. [PMID: 35177476 PMCID: PMC8872753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115624119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism, including in mitochondria, is a disease hallmark and therapeutic target, but its regulation is poorly understood. Here, we show that many human tumors have heterogeneous and often reduced levels of Mic60, or Mitofilin, an essential scaffold of mitochondrial structure. Despite a catastrophic collapse of mitochondrial integrity, loss of bioenergetics, and oxidative damage, tumors with Mic60 depletion slow down cell proliferation, evade cell death, and activate a nuclear gene expression program of innate immunity and cytokine/chemokine signaling. In turn, this induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), activates tumor cell movements through exaggerated mitochondrial dynamics, and promotes metastatic dissemination in vivo. In a small-molecule drug screen, compensatory activation of stress response (GCN2) and survival (Akt) signaling maintains the viability of Mic60-low tumors and provides a selective therapeutic vulnerability. These data demonstrate that acutely damaged, "ghost" mitochondria drive tumor progression and expose an actionable therapeutic target in metastasis-prone cancers.
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The Long Non-Coding BC200 Is a Novel Circulating Biomarker of Parathyroid Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869006. [PMID: 35586620 PMCID: PMC9108332 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of epigenetic regulators involved in both physiological processes and cancer development. Preliminary evidence suggested that lncRNAs could act as accurate prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Parathyroid cancer is a rare endocrine neoplasia, whose management represents a clinical challenge due to the lack of accurate molecular biomarkers. Our previous findings showed that human parathyroid tumors are characterized by a different lncRNAs signature, suggesting heterogeneity through the different histotypes. Particularly, we found that the lncRNA BC200/BCYRN1 could represent a candidate biomarker for parathyroid carcinomas (PCas). Here we aimed to extend our preliminary data evaluating whether BC200 could be an accurate non-invasive biomarker of PCas to support the clinical management of patients affected by parathyroid tumors at diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up. To provide a non-invasive point-of-care for parathyroid carcinoma diagnosis and follow-up, we analyzed BC200 expression in patients' serum through digital PCR. Our results show that BC200 counts are higher in serum from patients harboring PCa (n=4) compared to patients with parathyroid adenoma (PAd; n=27). Further, in PAd patients circulating BC200 levels are positively correlated with serum total calcium. Then, we found that BC200 is overexpressed in metastatic PCas (n=4) compared to non-metastatic ones (n=9). Finally, the lncRNA expression in PCa patients' serum drops are reduced after parathyroidectomy, suggesting its possible use in the post-operative setting for patients follow-up. Overall, these findings extend the knowledge on BC200 in parathyroid tumors, supporting its role as a useful biomarker for management of PCa.
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Cohesin Mutations Induce Chromatin Conformation Perturbation of the H19/ IGF2 Imprinted Region and Gene Expression Dysregulation in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1622. [PMID: 34827619 PMCID: PMC8615450 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is considered a cohesinopathy caused by constitutive mutations in cohesin complex genes. Cohesin is a major regulator of chromatin architecture, including the formation of chromatin loops at the imprinted IGF2/H19 domain. We used 3C analysis on lymphoblastoid cells from CdLS patients carrying mutations in NIPBL and SMC1A genes to explore 3D chromatin structure of the IGF2/H19 locus and evaluate the influence of cohesin alterations in chromatin architecture. We also assessed quantitative expression of imprinted loci and WNT pathway genes, together with DMR methylation status of the imprinted genes. A general impairment of chromatin architecture and the emergence of new interactions were found. Moreover, imprinting alterations also involved the expression and methylation levels of imprinted genes, suggesting an association among cohesin genetic defects, chromatin architecture impairment, and imprinting network alteration. The WNT pathway resulted dysregulated: canonical WNT, cell cycle, and WNT signal negative regulation were the most significantly affected subpathways. Among the deregulated pathway nodes, the key node of the frizzled receptors was repressed. Our study provides new evidence that mutations in genes of the cohesin complex have effects on the chromatin architecture and epigenetic stability of genes commonly regulated by high order chromatin structure.
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Association of Occupational Exposure to Free Crystalline Silica and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:333-345. [PMID: 33651342 PMCID: PMC8994741 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
• Occupational exposure to free crystalline silica and tobacco smoking are associated with an increased risk rheumatoid arthritis, with the evidence of an interaction in seropositive subjects. • Further studies in the field are needed to support such association We carried out a systematic search for all published epidemiological studies concerning the association between occupational exposure to free crystalline silica (FCS) and subsequent development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A meta-analysis was conducted on relevant studies. We searched PubMed and Embase, search engines, for original articles published (from 1960 to November 2019) in any language. In addition, we also searched reference lists of included studies manually for additional relevant articles. Finally, twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis (seven case-control cases and five cohort studies). The odds risks and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effect meta-analysis. A primary meta-analysis (using a random effect model)—regarding RA risk in subjects exposed to FCS—yelled to an overall OR of 1.94 (95% CI 1.46–2.58). We also conducted three further meta-analysis, taking into account the presence of autoantibodies (anti-RF or anti-ACPA) and smoking habits and found a significant association between FCS and RA in both seropositive and seronegative subjects (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.35–2.25 and OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.4, respectively) and in seropositive subjects which were smokers (OR 3.30, 95% CI 2.40–4.54). The studies that have investigated the association between RA and occupatational exposure to FCS are still scarce and the heterogeneity between the studies remains high. Some critical limitations have been identified within studies, among which, the methods for assessing exposure stand out. Although with due caution, our results confirm the hypothesis of an association between occupational exposure to FCS and RA development. There was an interaction between FCS and tobacco smoking in RA seropositive workers.
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Abstract
Tumors of the parathyroid glands are highly vascularized and display a microRNA (miRNA) profile divergent from normal parathyroid glands (PaNs). Angiogenic miRNAs, namely miR-126-3p, miR-126-5p, and miR-296-5p, have been found downregulated in parathyroid tumors. Here, we show that miR-126-3p expression levels are reduced in parathyroid adenomas (PAds; n = 12) compared with PaNs (n = 4). In situ hybridization (ISH) of miR-126-3p and miR-296-5p in 10 PAds show that miR-126-3p is expressed by endothelial cells lining the walls of great vessels and by cells within the thin stroma surrounding acinar structures. At variance, miR-296-5p was detectable in most PAd epithelial cells. Combining ISH for miR-126-3p with immunohistochemistry for the endothelial and mesenchymal markers CD34, CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), we could identify that miR-126-3p is localized in the αSMA-positive thin stroma. Further, miR-126-3p-expressing cells are enriched in the CD34-positive stromal cells surrounding epithelial cell acinar structures, a cellular pattern consistent with tumor-associated myofibroblasts (TAMs). In line with this, CD34-positive cells, sorted by FACS from PAds tissues, express miR-126-3p at higher levels than CD34-negative cells, suggesting that miR-126-3p downregulation promotes the endothelial-to-αSMA+ mesenchymal transition. In human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (hBM-MSCs), a model of TAMs, the co-culture with PAds-derived cells for 5 days decreases miR-126-3p, while it increases VEGFA expression. At variance, adrenomedullin (ADM) expression is unaffected. Finally, overexpression of the miR-126-3p mimic in both hBM-MSCs and PAds-derived explants downregulates VEGFA expression levels. In conclusion, miR-126-3p is expressed by both endothelial cells and TAMs in PAds, and its downregulation promotes neoangiogenesis, possibly through VEGFA overexpression.
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The Oncosuppressors MEN1 and CDC73 Are Involved in lncRNA Deregulation in Human Parathyroid Tumors. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2423-2431. [PMID: 32780442 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A role for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in endocrine cancer pathogenesis is emerging. However, knowledge regarding their expression pattern, correlation with known genetic defects, and clinical implications in parathyroid tumors is still unclear. Here, we profiled 90 known lncRNAs in a first series of normal (PaN = 2), adenomatous (PAd = 12), and carcinomatous (PCa = 4) parathyroid glands and we confirmed deregulation of 11 lncRNAs using an independent cohort of patients (PaN = 4; PAd = 26; PCa = 9). Expression of lncRNAs was correlated with cytogenetic aberrations, status of genes multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1) and cell division cycle 73 (CDC73), or clinical features. Globally, lncRNAs discriminate according to tissue histology. BC200 consistently identifies parathyroid cancers from adenomas and atypical adenomas. Loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1, 11, 15, 21, and 22 significantly impacts expression of lncRNAs in PAds. Silencing of the key parathyroid gene MEN1 modulates the expression of six lncRNAs in primary PAds-derived cultures. Analogous levels of lncRNAs are measured in PAds with the mutation in the MEN1 gene compared with PAds with wild-type MEN1. Similarly, carcinomas with mutated CDC73 differ from PCas with wild-type protein in terms of expression of lncRNAs. PCas harboring CDC73 mutations overexpress BC200 compared to wild-type carcinomas. Overall, these findings shed light on deregulation of lncRNAs in human parathyroid tumors and propose that circuits between lncRNAs and the oncosuppressors MEN1 or CDC73 may have a role in parathyroid tumorigenesis as epigenetic modulators. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Cardiac sources of cerebral embolism in people with migraine. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:516-524. [PMID: 32979886 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whether the reported association between migraine with aura (MA) and cardioembolic stroke may be explained by a higher rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) or by other potential cardiac sources of cerebral embolism remains to be determined. METHODS In the setting of a single centre cohort study of consecutive patients with acute brain ischaemia stratified by migraine status, the association between AF as well as patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine was explored. RESULTS In all, 1738 patients (1017 [58.5%] men, mean age 67.9 ± 14.9 years) qualified for the analysis. Aging was inversely associated with migraine, whilst women had a >3-fold increased disease risk (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58-5.66). No association between AF and history of migraine or its pathogenic subtypes was detected. Conversely, migraine was associated with PFO, both in the entire cohort (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.07-3.16) and in patients aged ≤55 years (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.16-4.22). This association was significant for MA (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.32-6.45 in the entire cohort; OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.15-7.41 in patients aged ≤55 years) and in women (OR 8.23, 95% CI 2.06-32.77), but not for migraine without aura. CONCLUSIONS In patients with brain ischaemia migraine is not associated with AF. Conversely, there is a probable relation between migraine, especially MA, and PFO in patients who are younger and have a more favourable vascular risk factor profile, and in women.
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Association between cholesterol levels and infections after ischemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2036-2040. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Circulating fractures-related microRNAs distinguish primary hyperparathyroidism-related from estrogen withdrawal-related osteoporosis in postmenopausal osteoporotic women: A pilot study. Bone 2020; 137:115350. [PMID: 32380256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) represents a common cause of secondary osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, where the negative effect of estrogen withdrawal and that of hyperparathyroidism on bone mineralization coexist. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile has been correlated to both osteoporosis and fragility fractures. The study aimed to profile a set of miRNAs associated with osteoporotic fractures, namely miR-21-5p, miR-23a-5p, miR-24-2-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-125b-5p and miR-148-3p, in the plasma of 20 postmenopausal PHPT women. PHPT miRNAs profiles were compared with those detected in 10 age-matched postmenopausal non-PHPT osteoporotic women (OP). All the 10 miRNAs were detected in the plasma samples of both PHPT and OP women. The miRNA profiles clearly distinguished PHPT from OP samples, and identified within the PHPT group, two clusters differing for the PHPT severity, in term of ionized calcium and bone mineralization. In particular, miR-93-5p was significantly downregulated in PHPT samples, while miR-24-3p negatively correlated with the T-score at lumbar, femur neck and total hip sites. PHPT women who experienced osteoporotic fractures had plasma miR-24-3p levels higher than those detected in unfractured PHPT women. In conclusion, PHPT may modulate circulating fractures-related miRNAs, in particular, miR-93-5p, which may distinguish estrogen-related from PHPT-related osteoporosis.
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Abstract 3732: Insights into the non-coding genome of parathyroid tumors. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Parathyroid tumors are characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations resulting in aberrant expression of protein coding genes and non-coding RNAs. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a regulatory role in endocrine cancer pathogenesis, a lncRNAs signature in human parathyroid tumors is still missing. Here we investigated the lncRNAs alterations, both at genomic and transcriptional level, in human non-familial parathyroid tumors.
Methods. The expression of 90 lncRNAs was investigated in 4 parathyroid carcinomas (PCas), 12 adenomas (PAds) and 2 normal glands (PaNs) using a commercial array. Both unsupervised (hierarchical clustering-HCL and Principal Component Analysis-PCA) and supervised (Significance Analysis of Microarray, SAM) analyses were performed to identify differences in lncRNAs expression between the 3 tissue types. Significant lncRNAs were validated in a second set of parathyroid tissues including 7 PCas, 26 PAds, 6 atypical PAds (aPAds) and 4 PaNs. Genomic characterization of 21 PAds was performed by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH). CDC73 and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 (MEN1) genes mutations were detected by Sanger sequencing.
Results. HCL analysis of lncRNAs expression identified 2 major groups in which PaNs and PCas were distinguished. Nine lncRNAs were differentially expressed in parathyroid tissues. Specifically, KCNQ1OT1 and SNHG6 were enriched in PaNs, HAR1B, MEG3, HOXA3as and NEAT1 expression characterized PAds, whereas BC200, HOXA6as and WT1-AS were significantly upregulated in PCas. Besides confirming previous data, validation analysis highlighted a different lncRNAs expression pattern in PCas and aPAds according to CDC73 mutation status, with mutated tumors overexpressing the majority of the lncRNAs. Interestingly, BACE1-AS, KCNQ1OT1, NEAT1 and SNHG6 levels in PAds were significantly correlated with MEN1 levels while HAR1B upregulation was associated with chromosome 11 loss of heterozygosity (LOH).
Conclusions. Overall these findings shed light on lncRNAs deregulation in parathyroid pathobiology. Parathyroid tumors histotypes are characterized by different lncRNAs signatures that are related to chromosome 11 derangements and to MEN1 inactivation. Finally, MEN1 may play an epigenetic role in lncRNAs regulation, supporting the important role of chromosome 11 in parathyroid tumorigenesis.
Citation Format: Annamaria Morotti, Irene Forno, Valentina Andrè, Vito Guarnieri, Andrea Terrasi, Rosa Maria Silipigni, Silvana Guerneri, Chiara Verdelli, Alfredo Scillitani, Leonardo Vicentini, Filomena Cetani, Edoardo Beretta, Sabrina Corbetta, Valentina Vaira. Insights into the non-coding genome of parathyroid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3732.
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The aberrantly expressed miR-372 partly impairs sensitivity to apoptosis in parathyroid tumor cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:761-771. [PMID: 29724878 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid tumors deregulate microRNAs belonging to the two clusters on the chromosome 19, the C19MC and miR-371-373 clusters. Here, we report that the embryonic miR-372 is aberrantly expressed in half of parathyroid adenomas (PAds) in most of atypical adenomas and carcinomas (n = 15). Through in situ hybridization, we identified that miR-372-positive parathyroid tumor cells were scattered throughout the tumor parenchyma. In PAd-derived cells, ectopic miR-372 inhibited the expression of its targets CDKN1A/p21 and LATS2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Although the viability of parathyroid cells was not affected by miR-372 overexpression, the miRNA blunted camptothecin-induced apoptosis in primary PAd-derived cultures. miR-372 overexpression in parathyroid tumor cells increased parathormone (PTH) mRNA levels, and it positively correlated in vivo with circulating PTH levels. Conversely, the parathyroid-specific genes TBX1 and GCM2 were not affected by miR-372 mimic transfection. Finally, miR-372 dampened the Wnt pathway in parathyroid tumor cells through DKK1 upregulation. In conclusion, miR-372 is a novel mechanism exploited by a subset of parathyroid tumor cells to partially decrease sensitivity to apoptosis, to increase PTH synthesis and to deregulate Wnt signaling.
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PO-450 Interplay between coding and non-coding genome in human parathyroid tumours. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Consensus Needed for Noncontrast CT Markers in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:E78-E79. [PMID: 29700049 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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IMP3 expression in NSCLC brain metastases demonstrates its role as a prognostic factor in non-neuroendocrine phenotypes. Med Oncol 2017; 35:2. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Screening for Fabry disease in patients with ischaemic stroke at young age: the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:e12-e14. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A neuronal network of mitochondrial dynamics regulates metastasis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13730. [PMID: 27991488 PMCID: PMC5187409 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in cancer is controversial. Using a genome-wide shRNA screen, we now show that tumours reprogram a network of mitochondrial dynamics operative in neurons, including syntaphilin (SNPH), kinesin KIF5B and GTPase Miro1/2 to localize mitochondria to the cortical cytoskeleton and power the membrane machinery of cell movements. When expressed in tumours, SNPH inhibits the speed and distance travelled by individual mitochondria, suppresses organelle dynamics, and blocks chemotaxis and metastasis, in vivo. Tumour progression in humans is associated with downregulation or loss of SNPH, which correlates with shortened patient survival, increased mitochondrial trafficking to the cortical cytoskeleton, greater membrane dynamics and heightened cell invasion. Therefore, a SNPH network regulates metastatic competence and may provide a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Effect of CTA Tube Current on Spot Sign Detection and Accuracy for Prediction of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1781-1786. [PMID: 27197985 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reduction of CT tube current is an effective strategy to minimize radiation load. However, tube current is also a major determinant of image quality. We investigated the impact of CTA tube current on spot sign detection and diagnostic performance for intracerebral hemorrhage expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of consecutive patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage from January 2001 to April 2015 who underwent CTA. The study population was divided into 2 groups according to the median CTA tube current level: low current (<350 mA) and high current (≥350 mA). CTA first-pass readings for spot sign presence were independently analyzed by 2 readers. Baseline and follow-up hematoma volumes were assessed by semiautomated computer-assisted volumetric analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of spot sign in predicting hematoma expansion were calculated. RESULTS This study included 709 patients (288 and 421 in the low- and high-current groups, respectively). A higher proportion of low-current scans identified at least 1 spot sign (20.8% versus 14.7%, P = .034), but hematoma expansion frequency was similar in the 2 groups (18.4% versus 16.2%, P = .434). Sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conversely, high-current scans showed superior specificity (91% versus 84%, P = .015) and overall accuracy (84% versus 77%, P = .038). CONCLUSIONS CTA obtained at high levels of tube current showed better diagnostic accuracy for prediction of hematoma expansion by using spot sign. These findings may have implications for future studies using the CTA spot sign to predict hematoma expansion for clinical trials.
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Reply. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:E64. [PMID: 27444941 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Antithrombotic medications and the etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage: MUCH-Italy. Neurology 2014; 82:529-35. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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BCR-ABL disrupts PTEN nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling through phosphorylation-dependent activation of HAUSP. Leukemia 2013; 28:1326-33. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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292 Morgana Haploinsufficiency Induces a Myeloproliferative Disorder Like-chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Increase sensitivity to chemotherapeutical agents and cytoplasmatic interaction between NPM leukemic mutant and NF-κB in AML carrying NPM1 mutations. Leukemia 2008; 22:1234-40. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Thalidomide-induced partial stable remission in a case of refractory progressive B Cell Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia. Leuk Res 2008; 32:506-7. [PMID: 17544506 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4009 POSTER Urine is the preferred remote body fluid for early identification of prostate cancer using real-time PCR detection of DNA methylation markers. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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CD7/CD56-positive acute myeloid leukemias are characterized by constitutive phosphorylation of the NF-kB subunit p65 at Ser536. Leukemia 2007; 21:1305-6. [PMID: 17377595 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
NF-kB is a transcription factor that mediates antiapoptotic signals in several cancer cell lines. Here we have demonstrated that the cytotoxic drug, Etoposide, activates NF-kB in K562, a chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis cell line. Treatment with the NF-kB inhibitors MG-132, Bay11-7082, and Resveratrol impedes Etoposide-induced NF-kB activation, rendering K562 sensitive to Etoposide-induced apoptosis. Stable expression of mutant form of IkB-alpha, which retains NF-kB inactive in the cytoplasm of cells, confirmed the data obtained with molecular inhibitors. Both inhibitors and stable expression of SR-IkB are associated with down-modulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, suggesting that the survival pathway activated by Etoposide involves NF-kB-mediated Bcl-xL expression.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/agonists
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Etoposide/agonists
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Etoposide/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- I-kappa B Proteins/biosynthesis
- I-kappa B Proteins/genetics
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mutation
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- bcl-X Protein/biosynthesis
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Quantitative assessment of WT1 expression in diagnosis of childhood acute leukemia. Leuk Res 2006; 31:570-2. [PMID: 16876863 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate WT1 expression levels in childhood acute leukemia. Bone marrow from 14 children with acute leukemia at diagnosis and from 7 children with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement (control group) was studied. Five of the 14 patients (35.7%), expressed high levels of WT1. Four of the five WT1 positive patients with additional adverse prognostic factors, have succumbed to their disease. The results of this study are in accordance with the fact that high levels of WT1 expression have been reported in patients with an unfavorable outcome.
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Abstract
Imatinib represents at present the most attractive therapy for BCR-ABL positive leukemias, even though a percentage of CML patients develop resistance to this compound. For these resistant patients a therapeutic approach based on a combination of drugs is more likely to be effective. In the last years, constitutive NF-kappaB/Rel activity has been demonstrated in several hematological malignancies. As a result, NFkB/Rel-blocking approaches have been proposed as antineoplastic strategies. Furthermore, the identification of specific kinases within the NF-kappaB activation pathway offers a selective target to address tailored therapies. In the current study, we show that the IKK inhibitor PS1145 is able to inhibit the proliferation of CML cell lines and primary BM cells. Moreover, the addition of Imatinib increases the effects of PS1145 in resistant cell lines and BM cells from resistant patients, with a further increase of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation and colony growth. Our data provide the rational for a new therapeutic approach, which combines Imatinib and the IKK inhibitor PS1145 in CML resistant patients.
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Abstract
Seventy-two patients affected by differentiated thyroid cancer underwent whole-body scan seven days after the postsurgical thyroablative treatment with 131I. In 40 patients this scanning did not reveal any area of 131I uptake outside the residual thyroid parenchyma. During the follow-up period, no signs of functioning tumors were detected in these patients and therefore, there was no need for further therapeutic treatment with radioiodine. From this results it is legitimate to conclude that whole-body scan control can be significantly postponed without diagnostic inaccuracy for those patients whose postthyroablative scans do not reveal diffuse tumor localizations.
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Renal sequential scintigraphy: unilateral clearance rate determination based on external measurements only. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1983; 8:150-4. [PMID: 6861784 DOI: 10.1007/bf00252885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A method of estimating the 131I-hippuran clearance of each kidney during renal sequential scintigraphy is presented. The clearance rates were obtained from the elaboration of the renal histograms and of a blood curve recorded on the precordium, directly compared with the injected dose. A function simulating the progressive deformation of the radioactive bolus as kidney perfusion is impaired was introduced into the computation. The method was tested on 23 patients who underwent simultaneous determination of the clearance rate with the Sapirstein method, the results being corrected to 1.73 m2 of body surface area. The correlation coefficient r between the obtained data (the sum of the clearance rates of the two sides) and the results of the Sapirstein method was 0.89.
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