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Bakouny Z, Labaki C, Grover P, Awosika J, Gulati S, Hsu CY, Alimohamed SI, Bashir B, Berg S, Bilen MA, Bowles D, Castellano C, Desai A, Elkrief A, Eton OE, Fecher LA, Flora D, Galsky MD, Gatti-Mays ME, Gesenhues A, Glover MJ, Gopalakrishnan D, Gupta S, Halfdanarson TR, Hayes-Lattin B, Hendawi M, Hsu E, Hwang C, Jandarov R, Jani C, Johnson DB, Joshi M, Khan H, Khan SA, Knox N, Koshkin VS, Kulkarni AA, Kwon DH, Matar S, McKay RR, Mishra S, Moria FA, Nizam A, Nock NL, Nonato TK, Panasci J, Pomerantz L, Portuguese AJ, Provenzano D, Puc M, Rao YJ, Rhodes TD, Riely GJ, Ripp JJ, Rivera AV, Ruiz-Garcia E, Schmidt AL, Schoenfeld AJ, Schwartz GK, Shah SA, Shaya J, Subbiah S, Tachiki LM, Tucker MD, Valdez-Reyes M, Weissmann LB, Wotman MT, Wulff-Burchfield EM, Xie Z, Yang YJ, Thompson MA, Shah DP, Warner JL, Shyr Y, Choueiri TK, Wise-Draper TM, Gandhi R, Gartrell BA, Goel S, Halmos B, Makower DF, O' Sullivan D, Ohri N, Portes M, Shapiro LC, Shastri A, Sica RA, Verma AK, Butt O, Campian JL, Fiala MA, Henderson JP, Monahan RS, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Zhou AY, Bitran JD, Hallmeyer S, Mundt D, Pandravada S, Papaioannou PV, Patel M, Streckfuss M, Tadesse E, Gatson NTN, Kundranda MN, Lammers PE, Loree JM, Yu IS, Bindal P, Lam B, Peters MLB, Piper-Vallillo AJ, Egan PC, Farmakiotis D, Arvanitis P, Klein EJ, Olszewski AJ, Vieira K, Angevine AH, Bar MH, Del Prete SA, Fiebach MZ, Gulati AP, Hatton E, Houston K, Rose SJ, Steve Lo KM, Stratton J, Weinstein PL, Garcia JA, Routy B, Hoyo-Ulloa I, Dawsey SJ, Lemmon CA, Pennell NA, Sharifi N, Painter CA, Granada C, Hoppenot C, Li A, Bitterman DS, Connors JM, Demetri GD, Florez (Duma) N, Freeman DA, Giordano A, Morgans AK, Nohria A, Saliby RM, Tolaney SM, Van Allen EM, Xu WV, Zon RL, Halabi S, Zhang T, Dzimitrowicz H, Leighton JC, Graber JJ, Grivas P, Hawley JE, Loggers ET, Lyman GH, Lynch RC, Nakasone ES, Schweizer MT, Vinayak S, Wagner MJ, Yeh A, Dansoa Y, Makary M, Manikowski JJ, Vadakara J, Yossef K, Beckerman J, Goyal S, Messing I, Rosenstein LJ, Steffes DR, Alsamarai S, Clement JM, Cosin JA, Daher A, Dailey ME, Elias R, Fein JA, Hosmer W, Jayaraj A, Mather J, Menendez AG, Nadkarni R, Serrano OK, Yu PP, Balanchivadze N, Gadgeel SM, Accordino MK, Bhutani D, Bodin BE, Hershman DL, Masson C, Alexander M, Mushtaq S, Reuben DY, Bernicker EH, Deeken JF, Jeffords KJ, Shafer D, Cárdenas AI, Cuervo Campos R, De-la-Rosa-Martinez D, Ramirez A, Vilar-Compte D, Gill DM, Lewis MA, Low CA, Jones MM, Mansoor AH, Mashru SH, Werner MA, Cohen AM, McWeeney S, Nemecek ER, Williamson SP, Peters S, Smith SJ, Lewis GC, Zaren HA, Akhtari M, Castillo DR, Cortez K, Lau E, Nagaraj G, Park K, Reeves ME, O'Connor TE, Altman J, Gurley M, Mulcahy MF, Wehbe FH, Durbin EB, Nelson HH, Ramesh V, Sachs Z, Wilson G, Bardia A, Boland G, Gainor JF, Peppercorn J, Reynolds KL, Rosovsky RP, Zubiri L, Bekaii-Saab TS, Joyner MJ, Riaz IB, Senefeld JW, Shah S, Ayre SK, Bonnen M, Mahadevan D, McKeown C, Mesa RA, Ramirez AG, Salazar M, Shah PK, Wang CP, Bouganim N, Papenburg J, Sabbah A, Tagalakis V, Vinh DC, Nanchal R, Singh H, Bahadur N, Bao T, Belenkaya R, Nambiar PH, O’Cearbhaill RE, Papadopoulos EB, Philip J, Robson M, Rosenberg JE, Wilkins CR, Tamimi R, Cerrone K, Dill J, Faller BA, Alomar ME, Chandrasekhar SA, Hume EC, Islam JY, Ajmera A, Brouha SS, Cabal A, Choi S, Hsiao A, Jiang JY, Kligerman S, Park J, Razavi P, Reid EG, Bhatt PS, Mariano MG, Thomson CC, Glace M(G, Knoble JL, Rink C, Zacks R, Blau SH, Brown C, Cantrell AS, Namburi S, Polimera HV, Rovito MA, Edwin N, Herz K, Kennecke HF, Monfared A, Sautter RR, Cronin T, Elshoury A, Fleissner B, Griffiths EA, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Jain P, Kariapper A, Levine E, Moffitt M, O'Connor TL, Smith LJ, Wicher CP, Zsiros E, Jabbour SK, Misdary CF, Shah MR, Batist G, Cook E, Ferrario C, Lau S, Miller WH, Rudski L, Santos Dutra M, Wilchesky M, Mahmood SZ, McNair C, Mico V, Dixon B, Kloecker G, Logan BB, Mandapakala C, Cabebe EC, Jha A, Khaki AR, Nagpal S, Schapira L, Wu JTY, Whaley D, Lopes GDL, de Cardenas K, Russell K, Stith B, Taylor S, Klamerus JF, Revankar SG, Addison D, Chen JL, Haynam M, Jhawar SR, Karivedu V, Palmer JD, Pillainayagam C, Stover DG, Wall S, Williams NO, Abbasi SH, Annis S, Balmaceda NB, Greenland S, Kasi A, Rock CD, Luders M, Smits M, Weiss M, Chism DD, Owenby S, Ang C, Doroshow DB, Metzger M, Berenberg J, Uyehara C, Fazio A, Huber KE, Lashley LN, Sueyoshi MH, Patel KG, Riess J, Borno HT, Small EJ, Zhang S, Andermann TM, Jensen CE, Rubinstein SM, Wood WA, Ahmad SA, Brownfield L, Heilman H, Kharofa J, Latif T, Marcum M, Shaikh HG, Sohal DPS, Abidi M, Geiger CL, Markham MJ, Russ AD, Saker H, Acoba JD, Choi H, Rho YS, Feldman LE, Gantt G, Hoskins KF, Khan M, Liu LC, Nguyen RH, Pasquinelli MM, Schwartz C, Venepalli NK, Vikas P, Zakharia Y, Friese CR, Boldt A, Gonzalez CJ, Su C, Su CT, Yoon JJ, Bijjula R, Mavromatis BH, Seletyn ME, Wood BR, Zaman QU, Kaklamani V, Beeghly A, Brown AJ, Charles LJ, Cheng A, Crispens MA, Croessmann S, Davis EJ, Ding T, Duda SN, Enriquez KT, French B, Gillaspie EA, Hausrath DJ, Hennessy C, Lewis JT, Li X(L, Prescott LS, Reid SA, Saif S, Slosky DA, Solorzano CC, Sun T, Vega-Luna K, Wang LL, Aboulafia DM, Carducci TM, Goldsmith KJ, Van Loon S, Topaloglu U, Moore J, Rice RL, Cabalona WD, Cyr S, Barrow McCollough B, Peddi P, Rosen LR, Ravindranathan D, Hafez N, Herbst RS, LoRusso P, Lustberg MB, Masters T, Stratton C. Interplay of Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy Among Patients With Cancer and COVID-19. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:128-134. [PMID: 36326731 PMCID: PMC9634600 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Importance Cytokine storm due to COVID-19 can cause high morbidity and mortality and may be more common in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy (IO) due to immune system activation. Objective To determine the association of baseline immunosuppression and/or IO-based therapies with COVID-19 severity and cytokine storm in patients with cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This registry-based retrospective cohort study included 12 046 patients reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry from March 2020 to May 2022. The CCC19 registry is a centralized international multi-institutional registry of patients with COVID-19 with a current or past diagnosis of cancer. Records analyzed included patients with active or previous cancer who had a laboratory-confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction and/or serologic findings. Exposures Immunosuppression due to therapy; systemic anticancer therapy (IO or non-IO). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a 5-level ordinal scale of COVID-19 severity: no complications; hospitalized without requiring oxygen; hospitalized and required oxygen; intensive care unit admission and/or mechanical ventilation; death. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of cytokine storm. Results The median age of the entire cohort was 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 54-74) years and 6359 patients were female (52.8%) and 6598 (54.8%) were non-Hispanic White. A total of 599 (5.0%) patients received IO, whereas 4327 (35.9%) received non-IO systemic anticancer therapies, and 7120 (59.1%) did not receive any antineoplastic regimen within 3 months prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Although no difference in COVID-19 severity and cytokine storm was found in the IO group compared with the untreated group in the total cohort (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.56-1.13, and aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.41-1.93, respectively), patients with baseline immunosuppression treated with IO (vs untreated) had worse COVID-19 severity and cytokine storm (aOR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.38-8.01, and aOR, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.71-11.38, respectively). Patients with immunosuppression receiving non-IO therapies (vs untreated) also had worse COVID-19 severity (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.36-2.35) and cytokine storm (aOR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.42-3.79). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that in patients with cancer and COVID-19, administration of systemic anticancer therapies, especially IO, in the context of baseline immunosuppression was associated with severe clinical outcomes and the development of cytokine storm. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04354701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Bakouny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chris Labaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Punita Grover
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joy Awosika
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chih-Yuan Hsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Saif I Alimohamed
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Babar Bashir
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Aakash Desai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Arielle Elkrief
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Omar E Eton
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohamed Hendawi
- Aurora Cancer Center, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Emily Hsu
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Clara Hwang
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roman Jandarov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Monika Joshi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hina Khan
- Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shaheer A Khan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Natalie Knox
- Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- UCSF, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco
| | | | - Daniel H Kwon
- UCSF, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco
| | - Sara Matar
- Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston
| | - Rana R McKay
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Feras A Moria
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nora L Nock
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Justin Panasci
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuan J Rao
- George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Jacob J Ripp
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Andrea V Rivera
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Andrew L Schmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gary K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Justin Shaya
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California
| | - Suki Subbiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lisa M Tachiki
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhuoer Xie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Michael A Thompson
- Aurora Cancer Center, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Tempus Labs, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Yu Shyr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Omar Butt
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ang Li
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Lau
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | - Kyu Park
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Bao
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ji Park
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erin Cook
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | - Susie Lau
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anup Kasi
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li C Liu
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Su
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tan Ding
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Saif
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
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Grivas P, Khaki AR, Wise-Draper TM, French B, Hennessy C, Hsu CY, Shyr Y, Li X, Choueiri TK, Painter CA, Peters S, Rini BI, Thompson MA, Mishra S, Rivera DR, Acoba JD, Abidi MZ, Bakouny Z, Bashir B, Bekaii-Saab T, Berg S, Bernicker EH, Bilen MA, Bindal P, Bishnoi R, Bouganim N, Bowles DW, Cabal A, Caimi PF, Chism DD, Crowell J, Curran C, Desai A, Dixon B, Doroshow DB, Durbin EB, Elkrief A, Farmakiotis D, Fazio A, Fecher LA, Flora DB, Friese CR, Fu J, Gadgeel SM, Galsky MD, Gill DM, Glover MJ, Goyal S, Grover P, Gulati S, Gupta S, Halabi S, Halfdanarson TR, Halmos B, Hausrath DJ, Hawley JE, Hsu E, Huynh-Le M, Hwang C, Jani C, Jayaraj A, Johnson DB, Kasi A, Khan H, Koshkin VS, Kuderer NM, Kwon DH, Lammers PE, Li A, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Low CA, Lustberg MB, Lyman GH, McKay RR, McNair C, Menon H, Mesa RA, Mico V, Mundt D, Nagaraj G, Nakasone ES, Nakayama J, Nizam A, Nock NL, Park C, Patel JM, Patel KG, Peddi P, Pennell NA, Piper-Vallillo AJ, Puc M, Ravindranathan D, Reeves ME, Reuben DY, Rosenstein L, Rosovsky RP, Rubinstein SM, Salazar M, Schmidt AL, Schwartz GK, Shah MR, Shah SA, Shah C, Shaya JA, Singh SRK, Smits M, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Stover DG, Streckfuss M, Subbiah S, Tachiki L, Tadesse E, Thakkar A, Tucker MD, Verma AK, Vinh DC, Weiss M, Wu JT, Wulff-Burchfield E, Xie Z, Yu PP, Zhang T, Zhou AY, Zhu H, Zubiri L, Shah DP, Warner JL, Lopes G. Association of clinical factors and recent anticancer therapy with COVID-19 severity among patients with cancer: a report from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:787-800. [PMID: 33746047 PMCID: PMC7972830 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer may be at high risk of adverse outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We analyzed a cohort of patients with cancer and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) to identify prognostic clinical factors, including laboratory measurements and anticancer therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with active or historical cancer and a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis recorded between 17 March and 18 November 2020 were included. The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity measured on an ordinal scale (uncomplicated, hospitalized, admitted to intensive care unit, mechanically ventilated, died within 30 days). Multivariable regression models included demographics, cancer status, anticancer therapy and timing, COVID-19-directed therapies, and laboratory measurements (among hospitalized patients). RESULTS A total of 4966 patients were included (median age 66 years, 51% female, 50% non-Hispanic white); 2872 (58%) were hospitalized and 695 (14%) died; 61% had cancer that was present, diagnosed, or treated within the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Older age, male sex, obesity, cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and hematologic malignancy were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Among hospitalized patients, low or high absolute lymphocyte count; high absolute neutrophil count; low platelet count; abnormal creatinine; troponin; lactate dehydrogenase; and C-reactive protein were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Patients diagnosed early in the COVID-19 pandemic (January-April 2020) had worse outcomes than those diagnosed later. Specific anticancer therapies (e.g. R-CHOP, platinum combined with etoposide, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors) were associated with high 30-day all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Clinical factors (e.g. older age, hematological malignancy, recent chemotherapy) and laboratory measurements were associated with poor outcomes among patients with cancer and COVID-19. Although further studies are needed, caution may be required in utilizing particular anticancer therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER NCT04354701.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grivas
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA.
| | - A R Khaki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - B French
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C Hennessy
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C-Y Hsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Y Shyr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - X Li
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | | | - C A Painter
- Broad Institute, Cancer Program, Cambridge, USA
| | - S Peters
- Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B I Rini
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - S Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - D R Rivera
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - J D Acoba
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - M Z Abidi
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Z Bakouny
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - B Bashir
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - S Berg
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | | | - M A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - P Bindal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - R Bishnoi
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - N Bouganim
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D W Bowles
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - A Cabal
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - P F Caimi
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - D D Chism
- Thompson Cancer Survival Center, Knoxville, USA
| | - J Crowell
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C Curran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - A Desai
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - B Dixon
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - D B Doroshow
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - E B Durbin
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - A Elkrief
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D Farmakiotis
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - A Fazio
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - L A Fecher
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - D B Flora
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C R Friese
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J Fu
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - S M Gadgeel
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M D Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - D M Gill
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - S Goyal
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - P Grover
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gulati
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | | | - B Halmos
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D J Hausrath
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - J E Hawley
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - E Hsu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA; University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | - M Huynh-Le
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - C Hwang
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - C Jani
- Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - D B Johnson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A Kasi
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - H Khan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - V S Koshkin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - N M Kuderer
- Advanced Cancer Research Group, LLC, Kirkland, USA
| | - D H Kwon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - A Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | | | - C A Low
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - G H Lyman
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - R R McKay
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - C McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - H Menon
- Penn State Health/Penn State Cancer Institute/St. Joseph Cancer Center, Hershey, USA
| | - R A Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - V Mico
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D Mundt
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - G Nagaraj
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - E S Nakasone
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - J Nakayama
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - A Nizam
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | - N L Nock
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - C Park
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - J M Patel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - K G Patel
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - P Peddi
- Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - N A Pennell
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | - M Puc
- Virtua Health, Marlton, USA
| | | | - M E Reeves
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - D Y Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | | | - R P Rosovsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - M Salazar
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - G K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M R Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - S A Shah
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - C Shah
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - J A Shaya
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - S R K Singh
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M Smits
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | | | - D G Stover
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | - S Subbiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - L Tachiki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - E Tadesse
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - A Thakkar
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - M D Tucker
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A K Verma
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D C Vinh
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Weiss
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | - J T Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Z Xie
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - P P Yu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A Y Zhou
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - L Zubiri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - J L Warner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - GdL Lopes
- University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, USA
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