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Prange S, Metereau E, Maillet A, Klinger H, Schmitt E, Lhommée E, Bichon A, Lancelot S, Meoni S, Broussolle E, Castrioto A, Tremblay L, Krack P, Thobois S. Limbic Serotonergic Plasticity Contributes to the Compensation of Apathy in Early Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1211-1221. [PMID: 35238430 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with apathy exhibit prominent limbic serotonergic dysfunction and microstructural disarray. Whether this distinctive lesion profile at diagnosis entails different prognosis remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the progression of dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction and their relation to motor and nonmotor impairment in PD patients with or without apathy at diagnosis. METHODS Thirteen de novo apathetic and 13 nonapathetic PD patients were recruited in a longitudinal double-tracer positron emission tomography cohort study. We quantified the progression of presynaptic dopaminergic and serotonergic pathology using [11 C]PE2I for dopamine transporter and [11 C]DASB for serotonin transporter at baseline and 3 to 5 years later, using linear mixed-effect models and mediation analysis to compare the longitudinal evolution between groups for clinical impairment and region-of-interest-based analysis. RESULTS After the initiation of dopamine replacement therapy, apathy, depression, and anxiety improved at follow-up in patients with apathy at diagnosis (n = 10) to the level of patients without apathy (n = 11). Patients had similar progression of motor impairment, whereas mild impulsive behaviors developed in both groups. Striato-pallidal and mesocorticolimbic presynaptic dopaminergic loss progressed similarly in both groups, as did serotonergic pathology in the putamen, caudate nucleus, and pallidum. Contrastingly, serotonergic innervation selectively increased in the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex in apathetic patients, contributing to the reversal of apathy besides dopamine replacement therapy. CONCLUSION Patients suffering from apathy at diagnosis exhibit compensatory changes in limbic serotonergic innervation within 5 years of diagnosis, with promising evidence that serotonergic plasticity contributes to the reversal of apathy. The relationship between serotonergic plasticity and dopaminergic treatments warrants further longitudinal investigations. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Prange
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, Bron, France.,Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Elise Metereau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, Bron, France.,Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Audrey Maillet
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Klinger
- Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuelle Schmitt
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Unité Troubles du Mouvement, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eugénie Lhommée
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Unité Troubles du Mouvement, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Amélie Bichon
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Unité Troubles du Mouvement, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Univ. Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Sara Meoni
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Unité Troubles du Mouvement, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, Bron, France.,Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Unité Troubles du Mouvement, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Univ Lyon, Bron, France.,Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
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Béreau M, Castrioto A, Lhommée E, Maillet A, Gérazime A, Bichon A, Pélissier P, Schmitt E, Klinger H, Longato N, Fraix V, Benatru I, Durif F, Azulay JP, Moro E, Broussolle E, Tranchant C, Anheim M, Thobois S, Krack P. Fatigue in de novo Parkinson's Disease: Expanding the Neuropsychiatric Triad? J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:1329-1337. [PMID: 35253781 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a frequent and troublesome symptom present from the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between fatigue and the neuropsychiatric triad, which includes apathy, depression, and anxiety, in de novo PD. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study including 197 patients with de novo PD and assessed fatigue using the Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale (PDFS-16). We evaluated motor status using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score and evaluated neuropsychiatric status using the Ardouin Scale of Behavior in Parkinson's Disease (ASBPD). We carried out univariate and multivariate analyses to model association between motor signs, non-motor signs, and fatigue risk. RESULTS Frequency of fatigue (28.9%) was of the same order of magnitude as that of apathy. PD patients with fatigue reported a lower quality of life than patients without fatigue (p < 0.0001). The ASBPD showed that patients with fatigue had higher scores for depressed mood (p < 0.0001), anxiety (p < 0.0001), and apathy (p < 0.0001). In the univariate analysis, fatigue score was positively correlated with apathy, depression, anxiety, and the neuropsychiatric triad as a whole, and to a lesser extent with female sex, hyperemotivity, and the UPDRS part III score. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for sex and motor status, the fatigue score remained significantly correlated with apathy (OR = 11.17 [4.33-28.78], p < 0.0001) and depression (OR = 4.28 [1.39-13.12], p = 0.01), but not with anxiety (OR = 0.94 [0.34-2.58], p = 0.9). CONCLUSION We propose that the neuropsychiatric triad could be expanded to include fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Béreau
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive - UR LINC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Movement Disorders Unit, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Eugénie Lhommée
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Movement Disorders Unit, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Maillet
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Bron, France
| | - Aurélie Gérazime
- Unité de Méthodologie, CIC INSERM 1431, CHRU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Amélie Bichon
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Movement Disorders Unit, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Pélissier
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Movement Disorders Unit, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Schmitt
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Movement Disorders Unit, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Klinger
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Bron, France
| | - Nadine Longato
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Fraix
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Movement Disorders Unit, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Benatru
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Durif
- Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 NPsy-Sydo, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Movement Disorders Unit, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Bron, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Bron, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Maillet A, Météreau E, Tremblay L, Favre E, Klinger H, Lhommée E, Le Bars D, Castrioto A, Prange S, Sgambato V, Broussolle E, Krack P, Thobois S. Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Lesions Underlying Parkinsonian Neuropsychiatric Signs. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2888-2900. [PMID: 34494685 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by heterogeneous motor and nonmotor manifestations related to alterations in monoaminergic neurotransmission systems. Nevertheless, the characterization of concomitant dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction after different durations of Parkinson's disease, as well as their respective involvement in the expression and severity of neuropsychiatric signs, has gained little attention so far. METHODS To fill this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study combining clinical and dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging approaches, using radioligands of dopamine ([11 C]-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-methylphenyl)-nortropane) ([11 C]PE2I) and serotonin ([11 C]-N,N-dimethyl-2-(-2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)-benzylamine) ([11 C]DASB) reuptake, after different durations of Parkinson's disease (ie, in short-disease duration drug-naive de novo (n = 27, 0-2 years-duration), suffering from apathy (n = 14) or not (n = 13); intermediate-disease duration (n = 15, 4-7 years-duration) and long-disease duration, non-demented (n = 15, 8-10 years-duration) patients). Fifteen age-matched healthy subjects were also enrolled. RESULTS The main findings are threefold: (1) both dopaminergic and serotonergic lesions worsen with the duration of Parkinson's disease, spreading from midbrain/subcortical to cortical regions; (2) the presence of apathy at PD onset is associated with more severe cortical and subcortical serotonergic and dopaminergic disruption, similar to the denervation pattern observed in intermediate-disease duration patients; and (3) the severity of parkinsonian apathy, depression, and trait-anxiety appears primarily related to serotonergic alteration within corticostriatal limbic areas. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings highlight the prominent role of serotonergic degeneration in the expression of several neuropsychiatric symptoms occurring after different durations of Parkinson's disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Maillet
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Météreau
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Lyon, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Favre
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Lyon, France.,Genopsy, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Klinger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Lyon, France
| | - Eugénie Lhommée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Unité des Troubles du Mouvement, Département de Neurologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Le Bars
- CERMEP, Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France.,Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Unité des Troubles du Mouvement, Département de Neurologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Prange
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.,Faculté de médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.,Faculté de médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Unité des Troubles du Mouvement, Département de Neurologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Department of Neurology, Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.,Faculté de médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
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Krolak-Salmon P, Maillet A, Vanacore N, Selbaek G, Rejdak K, Traykov L, Politis A, Georges J, Borson S, Leperre-Desplanques A. Toward a Sequential Strategy for Diagnosing Neurocognitive Disorders: A Consensus from the “Act On Dementia” European Joint Action. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:363-372. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon, Civil Hospices of Lyon, INSERM U1028, UMR CNRS 5292, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon I, Lyon, France
- French Federation of Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Roma, Italy
| | - Geir Selbaek
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T–nsberg, Norway
| | | | | | - Antonios Politis
- Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jean Georges
- Alzheimer Europe Association, Luxembourg-Ville, Luxembourg
| | - Soo Borson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, and Dementia Care Research and Consulting, Palm Springs, CA, USA
| | - Armelle Leperre-Desplanques
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon, Civil Hospices of Lyon, INSERM U1028, UMR CNRS 5292, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon I, Lyon, France
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Prange S, Metereau E, Maillet A, Lhommée E, Klinger H, Pelissier P, Ibarrola D, Heckemann RA, Castrioto A, Tremblay L, Sgambato V, Broussolle E, Krack P, Thobois S. Early limbic microstructural alterations in apathy and depression in de novo Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1644-1654. [PMID: 31309609 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether structural alterations underpin apathy and depression in de novo parkinsonian patients is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether apathy and depression in de novo parkinsonian patients are related to structural alterations and how structural abnormalities relate to serotonergic or dopaminergic dysfunction. METHODS We compared the morphological and microstructural architecture in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging coupled with white matter tract-based spatial statistics in a multimodal imaging case-control study enrolling 14 apathetic and 13 nonapathetic patients with de novo Parkinson's disease and 15 age-matched healthy controls, paired with PET imaging of the presynaptic dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. RESULTS De novo parkinsonian patients with apathy had bilateral microstructural alterations in the medial corticostriatal limbic system, exhibiting decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in the anterior striatum and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in conjunction with serotonergic dysfunction. Furthermore, microstructural alterations extended to the medial frontal cortex, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and subcallosal gyrus, the medial thalamus, and the caudal midbrain, suggesting disruption of long-range nondopaminergic projections originating in the brainstem, in addition to microstructural alterations in callosal interhemispheric connections and frontostriatal association tracts early in the disease course. In addition, microstructural abnormalities related to depressive symptoms in apathetic and nonapathetic patients revealed a distinct, mainly right-sided limbic subnetwork involving limbic and frontal association tracts. CONCLUSIONS Early limbic microstructural alterations specifically related to apathy and depression emphasize the role of early disruption of ascending nondopaminergic projections and related corticocortical and corticosubcortical networks which underpin the variable expression of nonmotor and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Prange
- Univ Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR, 5229, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Bron, France
| | - Elise Metereau
- Univ Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR, 5229, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Bron, France
| | - Audrey Maillet
- Univ Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR, 5229, Bron, France
| | - Eugénie Lhommée
- CHU de Grenoble, Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Grenoble, France.,Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Klinger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Bron, France
| | - Pierre Pelissier
- CHU de Grenoble, Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Grenoble, France.,Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Rolf A Heckemann
- MedTech West at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,University of Gothenburg, Department of Radiation Physics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Castrioto
- CHU de Grenoble, Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Grenoble, France.,Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Univ Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR, 5229, Bron, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- Univ Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR, 5229, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Univ Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR, 5229, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Bron, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Oullins, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Univ Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR, 5229, Bron, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Bron, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Oullins, France
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De Bortoli M, Maillet A, Skopinski S, Sassoust G, Constans J, Boulon C. [Cerebral vasoreactivity: Concordance of breath holding test and acetazolamide injection in current practice: 20 cases of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis]. J Med Vasc 2017; 42:272-281. [PMID: 28964386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) is the ability of the brain's vascular system to keep cerebral blood inflow stable. Impaired CVR is a risk marker of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The gold standard to assess CVR with transcranial ultrasound is acetazolamide (ACTZ) injection. The breath holding test (BHT) might be easier to perform. CVR proved to be efficient in laboratory conditions but not in routine practice. OBJECTIVES To study the validity of BHT versus ACTZ in routine practice in a vascular exploration unit in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. METHODS Study of concordance of BHT and ACTZ, to assess CVR in patients consecutively explored on the same day. RESULTS Eighteen patients with 20 carotid stenosis were included. The temporal window was missing in 20% of cases. Only 11 out of the 20 procedures were analyzed. Concordance was low between BHT and ACTZ to assess CVR (k=0.3714). CONCLUSION BHT cannot replace ACTZ injection. It might be a first-step test so that ACTZ injection might be avoided if CVR is normal. Our present results must be confirmed by further study enrolling many more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Bortoli
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital St-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Maillet
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital St-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Skopinski
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital St-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - G Sassoust
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire, hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - J Constans
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital St-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Boulon
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital St-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
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Atkinson-Clement C, Maillet A, LeBars D, Lavenne F, Redouté J, Krainik A, Pollak P, Thobois S, Pinto S. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation effects on single and combined task performance in Parkinson’s disease patients: a PET study. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1139-1153. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Maillet A, Krack P, Lhommée E, Météreau E, Klinger H, Favre E, Le Bars D, Schmitt E, Bichon A, Pelissier P, Fraix V, Castrioto A, Sgambato-Faure V, Broussolle E, Tremblay L, Thobois S. The prominent role of serotonergic degeneration in apathy, anxiety and depression inde novoParkinson’s disease. Brain 2016; 139:2486-502. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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9
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Boulon C, Chauvel R, Maillet A, Skopinski S, Constans J. [Ischemia of the hand in a lumberjack who underwent surgery for wrist fracture]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 41:298-9. [PMID: 27297641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmv.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Boulon
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital Saint-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France.
| | - R Chauvel
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital Saint-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Maillet
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital Saint-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Skopinski
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital Saint-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - J Constans
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital Saint-André, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France
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Castrioto A, Thobois S, Carnicella S, Maillet A, Krack P. Emotional manifestations of PD: Neurobiological basis. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Castrioto
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GINGrenoble France
- InsermU1216Grenoble France
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, CHU de GrenobleGrenoble France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- CNRS, UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences CognitivesBron France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Neurologie C; Université Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles MérieuxLyon France
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GINGrenoble France
- InsermU1216Grenoble France
| | - Audrey Maillet
- CNRS, UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences CognitivesBron France
| | - Paul Krack
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GINGrenoble France
- InsermU1216Grenoble France
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, CHU de GrenobleGrenoble France
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11
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Maillet A, Thobois S, Fraix V, Redouté J, Le Bars D, Lavenne F, Derost P, Durif F, Bloem BR, Krack P, Chabardès S, Pollak P, Debû B. Effets de la stimulation bilatérale des NPP sur les réseaux neuronaux associés aux troubles de la marche dopa-résistants des stades avancés de la maladie de Parkinson : une étude en TEP. Neurophysiol Clin 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Maillet A, Thobois S, Fraix V, Redouté J, Le Bars D, Lavenne F, Derost P, Durif F, Bloem BR, Krack P, Pollak P, Debû B. Neural substrates of levodopa-responsive gait disorders and freezing in advanced Parkinson's disease: a kinesthetic imagery approach. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:959-80. [PMID: 25411130 PMCID: PMC6869751 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait disturbances, including freezing of gait, are frequent and disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease. They often respond poorly to dopaminergic treatments. Although recent studies have shed some light on their neural correlates, their modulation by dopaminergic treatment remains quite unknown. Specifically, the influence of levodopa on the networks involved in motor imagery (MI) of parkinsonian gait has not been directly studied, comparing the off and on medication states in the same patients. We therefore conducted an [H2 (15) 0] Positron emission tomography study in eight advanced parkinsonian patients (mean disease duration: 12.3 ± 3.8 years) presenting with levodopa-responsive gait disorders and FoG, and eight age-matched healthy subjects. All participants performed three tasks (MI of gait, visual imagery and a control task). Patients were tested off, after an overnight withdrawal of all antiparkinsonian treatment, and on medication, during consecutive mornings. The order of conditions was counterbalanced between subjects and sessions. Results showed that imagined gait elicited activations within motor and frontal associative areas, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum in controls. Off medication, patients mainly activated premotor-parietal and pontomesencephalic regions. Levodopa increased activation in motor regions, putamen, thalamus, and cerebellum, and reduced premotor-parietal and brainstem involvement. Areas activated when patients are off medication may represent compensatory mechanisms. The recruitment of these accessory circuits has also been reported for upper-limb movements in Parkinson's disease, suggesting a partly overlapping pathophysiology between imagined levodopa-responsive gait disorders and appendicular signs. Our results also highlight a possible cerebellar contribution in the pathophysiology of parkinsonian gait disorders through kinesthetic imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Maillet
- Université Joseph FourierGrenoble UniversitésGrenobleFrance
- INSERM‐UJF‐CEA‐CHU U836 Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
- Centre de Neuroscience CognitiveUMR 5229 CNRSLyonFrance
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Centre de Neuroscience CognitiveUMR 5229 CNRSLyonFrance
- Hospices Civils de LyonHôpital Neurologique Pierre WertheimerLyonFrance
- Faculté de médecine Lyon Sud Charles MérieuxUniversité Lyon ILyonFrance
| | - Valérie Fraix
- Université Joseph FourierGrenoble UniversitésGrenobleFrance
- INSERM‐UJF‐CEA‐CHU U836 Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitairePavillon de NeurologieGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Didier Le Bars
- Hospices Civils de LyonHôpital Neurologique Pierre WertheimerLyonFrance
- CERMEPImagerie du VivantBronFrance
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et SupramoléculairesUniversité Claude BernardLyon ILyonFrance
| | | | - Philippe Derost
- Hôpital Gabriel MontpiedService de NeurologieClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Franck Durif
- Hôpital Gabriel MontpiedService de NeurologieClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Bastiaan R. Bloem
- Radboud University Medical CenterDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorDepartment of NeurologyNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Paul Krack
- Université Joseph FourierGrenoble UniversitésGrenobleFrance
- INSERM‐UJF‐CEA‐CHU U836 Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitairePavillon de NeurologieGrenobleFrance
| | - Pierre Pollak
- Université Joseph FourierGrenoble UniversitésGrenobleFrance
- INSERM‐UJF‐CEA‐CHU U836 Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
- Centre Hospitalier UniversitairePavillon de NeurologieGrenobleFrance
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Bettina Debû
- Université Joseph FourierGrenoble UniversitésGrenobleFrance
- INSERM‐UJF‐CEA‐CHU U836 Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
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Pinto S, Ferraye M, Espesser R, Fraix V, Maillet A, Guirchoum J, Layani-Zemour D, Ghio A, Chabardès S, Pollak P, Debû B. Stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus area in Parkinson’s disease: effects on speech and intelligibility. Brain 2014; 137:2759-72. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Maillet A, Thobois S, Fraix V, Redouté J, Le Bars D, Lavenne F, Derost P, Durif F, Bloem B, Krack P, Chabardès S, Pollak P, Debû B. Étude en TEP des corrélats neuronaux des troubles de la marche et du freezing aux stades avancés de la maladie de Parkinson. Neurophysiol Clin 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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15
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Maillet A, Yadav S, Loo YL, Sachaphibulkij K, Pervaiz S. A novel Osmium-based compound targets the mitochondria and triggers ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e653. [PMID: 23744353 PMCID: PMC3698552 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of the mitochondrial-death amplification pathway is an essential component in chemotherapeutic execution of cancer cells. Therefore, identification of mitochondria-targeting agents has become an attractive avenue for novel drug discovery. Here, we report the anticancer activity of a novel Osmium-based organometallic compound (hereafter named Os) on different colorectal carcinoma cell lines. HCT116 cell line was highly sensitive to Os and displayed characteristic features of autophagy and apoptosis; however, inhibition of autophagy did not rescue cell death unlike the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Furthermore, Os significantly altered mitochondrial morphology, disrupted electron transport flux, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP levels, and triggered a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Interestingly, the sensitivity of cell lines to Os was linked to its ability to induce mitochondrial ROS production (HCT116 and RKO) as HT29 and SW620 cell lines that failed to show an increase in ROS were resistant to the death-inducing activity of Os. Finally, intra-peritoneal injections of Os significantly inhibited tumor formation in a murine model of HCT116 carcinogenesis, and pretreatment with Os significantly enhanced tumor cell sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. These data highlight the mitochondria-targeting activity of this novel compound with potent anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo, which could have potential implications for strategic therapeutic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- ROS, Apoptosis and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Krainik A, Maillet A, Fleury V, Sahin M, Troprès I, Lamalle L, Thobois S, Fraix V, Villien M, Warnking J, Pollak P, Pinto S, Krack P. Levodopa does not change cerebral vasoreactivity in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 28:469-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI; University Hospital of Grenoble; Grenoble; France
| | | | | | - Stephane Thobois
- Hospices Civils de Lyon; Hôpital Neurologique; Université Lyon I; Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud; CNRS; UMR 5229; Lyon; France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Pollak
- Department of Neurology; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Serge Pinto
- Laboratoire Parole et Langage; UMR 7309 CNRS/Aix-Marseille University; Aix-en-Provence; France
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Abstract
Gait difficulties--including freezing of gait--are frequent and disabling symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonian syndromes. They respond poorly to current medical and surgical treatments, making patient management very difficult. The underlying pathophysiology remains largely unknown. The late onset of levodopa resistance of Parkinson's disease gait abnormalities has been suggested to result from the progressive extension of the degenerative process to non-dopaminergic structures involved in locomotion, such as cortico-frontal and brainstem networks. Deficiencies in other neurotransmission systems, involving acetylcholine, serotonin or norepinephrine, have also been evoked. Neuroimaging tools appear well suited to decipher the cerebral substrates of parkinsonian gait disorders and their modulation by dopaminergic medication or deep brain stimulation. Here the main functional and metabolic neuroimaging studies aimed at identifying these cerebral networks are reviewed, in both healthy subjects and parkinsonian patients. After a brief overview of the physiology and pathophysiology of gait control, the methodology, main results and limits of the studies published to date are examined. The most promising methods to examine gait difficulties and their response to currently available treatments are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Maillet
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, Grenoble, France.
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18
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Maillet A, Fraix V, Thobois S, Derost P, Durif F, Krack P, Pollak P, Debû B. Imagerie mentale motrice de la locomotion chez le patient parkinsonien présentant des troubles de la marche. Neurophysiol Clin 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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19
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Maillet A, Congy-Jolivet N, Hureaux J, Vecellio L, Watier H, Diot P, Courty Y, Thibault G, Gagnadoux F, Urban T, Lemarie E, Heuze-Vourc’h H. 033 Effet de l’aérosolisation du cetuximab sur la liaison à l’EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor), son efficacité anti-tumorale in vitro et sa toxicité intrinsèque chez l’animal. Rev Mal Respir 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(06)71861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Maillet A. Effet thérapeutique du cétuximab administré par aérosols dans un modèleanimal de tumeurs broncho-pulmonaires. Importance du récepteur FcRn dans la réponse anti-tumorale à cet anticorps. Rev Mal Respir 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(06)71496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Mauran P, Sediame S, Pavy-Le Traon A, Maillet A, Carayon A, Barthelemy C, Weerts G, Guell A, Adnot S. Renal and hormonal responses to isotonic saline infusion after 3 days' head-down tilt vs. supine and seated positions. Acta Physiol Scand 2003; 177:167-76. [PMID: 12558553 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to determine whether prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity produces a level of thoracic volume receptor loading similar to that seen in the upright position or immediately after lying down. METHODS We used a cross-over design to compare responses to a saline infusion in eight healthy subjects during a 4-day, -6 degree head-down tilt (HDT) and in the acute seated and acute supine positions. RESULTS The first 24 h of HDT were associated with greater urinary excretion of water and sodium (UV, UNaV) than seated and acute supine [cumulative UV, 3035 +/- 219, 2311 +/- 156 (P < 0.05), and 2448 +/- 182 mL (P < 0.05), respectively; cumulative UNaV, 256 +/- 19, 180 +/- 11 (P < 0.05), and 189 +/- 15 mmol (P < 0.05), respectively]. Haemoglobin and haematocrit were increased after 24 h and plasma volume decreased after 48 h of HDT (P < 0.05). With prolongation of HDT, UV and UNaV returned near the baseline values, and plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and renin values returned to acute seated levels; in acute supine, ANF values were higher and renin lower than in the two other positions. After a 30-min infusion of 20 mL kg(-1) isotonic saline on the fourth HDT day or during acute seated or acute supine, sodium excretion within 4 h was similar during HDT and acute seated (83 +/- 6 and 84 +/- 9 mmol, respectively) and greater during supine (104 +/- 8 mmol, P < 0.05). The renin decrease was greater in HDT and seated than in supine. The plasma ANF increase was greater during HDT than during supine; during seated, plasma ANF was unchanged. CONCLUSION These data suggest that, after 4 days of HDT, thoracic volume receptor loading returns to the same level as in the seated position, leading to blunted responses to volume expansion as compared with the acute supine position.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mauran
- Department de Physioloogie de la Faculté de Médecine de Reims, American Memorial Hospital, France
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22
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Horneck G, Facius R, Reichert M, Rettberg P, Seboldt W, Manzey D, Comet B, Maillet A, Preiss H, Schauer L, Dussap CG, Poughon L, Belyavin A, Reitz G, Baumstark-Khan C, Gerzer R. HUMEX, a study on the survivability and adaptation of humans to long-duration exploratory missions, part I: lunar missions. Adv Space Res 2003; 31:2389-2401. [PMID: 14696589 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The European Space Agency has recently initiated a study of the human responses, limits and needs with regard to the stress environments of interplanetary and planetary missions. Emphasis has been laid on human health and performance care as well as advanced life support developments including bioregenerative life support systems and environmental monitoring. The overall study goals were as follows: (i) to define reference scenarios for a European participation in human exploration and to estimate their influence on the life sciences and life support requirements; (ii) for selected mission scenarios, to critically assess the limiting factors for human health, wellbeing, and performance and to recommend relevant countermeasures; (iii) for selected mission scenarios, to critically assess the potential of advanced life support developments and to propose a European strategy including terrestrial applications; (iv) to critically assess the feasibility of existing facilities and technologies on ground and in space as testbeds in preparation for human exploratory missions and to develop a test plan for ground and space campaigns; (v) to develop a roadmap for a future European strategy towards human exploratory missions, including preparatory activities and terrestrial applications and benefits. This paper covers the part of the HUMEX study dealing with lunar missions. A lunar base at the south pole where long-time sunlight and potential water ice deposits could be assumed was selected as the Moon reference scenario. The impact on human health, performance and well being has been investigated from the view point of the effects of microgravity (during space travel), reduced gravity (on the Moon) and abrupt gravity changes (during launch and landing), of the effects of cosmic radiation including solar particle events, of psychological issues as well as general health care. Countermeasures as well as necessary research using ground-based test beds and/or the International Space Station have been defined. Likewise advanced life support systems with a high degree of autonomy and regenerative capacity and synergy effects were considered where bioregenerative life support systems and biodiagnostic systems become essential. Finally, a European strategy leading to a potential European participation in future human exploratory missions has been recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Horneck
- German Aerospace Center DLR, Cologne, Germany.
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23
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Maillet A, Gunga HC, Normand S, Allevard AM, Pachiaudi C, Strollo F, Kirsch KA, Gauquelin-Koch G, Gharib C. Hormonal regulation during a 60-day confinement (ESA-EXEMSI'92) in humans. J Gravit Physiol 2001; 2:P25-6. [PMID: 11538919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
EXEMSI'92 was a 60-day isolation and confinement experiment with an international crew. During this second experiment of the European Space Agency (the first one was a 28-day confinement with 6 men: ISEMSI'90), blood volume regulating hormones and water balance were studied. During ISEMSI'90, stress level was elevated as shown by specific markers and we observed some interesting results which have been already observed before, during bed-rest experiments. Thus, our conclusion was that some of the physiological effects observed during bed rest could be the consequence of the "confinement effect" and/or stress imposed to the subjects during such experiments. The aim of the present physiological study was: 1/to define the origin of the blood pressure increase seen during ISEMSI'90; 2/ to study the blood volume regulating hormones (ANP, renin, aldosterone) variations; 3/ to determine the dehydration level by measuring the total body water with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and fluid balance in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Lab. Physio. de l'Environnement Lyon, France
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24
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Gauquelin G, Maillet A, Allevard AM, Sigaudo D, Gharib C. Early and late renin and ANP modifications induced by bedrest. J Gravit Physiol 2001; 2:P56-7. [PMID: 11538932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have been devoted to better understand the cardiovascular adaptation to space flights. These studies included hemodynamic and hormonal studies, but few investigations of the rhythms exist in the literature. However, the importance of the modifications of rhythms in true or simulated weightlessness was underlined in some published works. Several factors are probably associated to modify the circadian rhythms. First, there is a reduction or an absence of gravity, an important environmental factor: second, space missions or bed rest simulations are conducted under confinement conditions which may influence many psychological functions. The resulting instability of the circadian state will affect other physiological systems, because circadian variations are a fundamental feature of many biological systems (sleep, endocrine and cardiovascular functions). The present study was undertaken to study the effect of as well as a continuous 28-day bed rest on the rhythms of circulating PRA and ANP, the modification of rhythmicity of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate during bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gauquelin
- Lab. Physiol. de l'Environnement, Lyon, France
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25
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Bonnin P, Ben Driss A, Benessiano J, Maillet A, Pavy le Traon A, Levy BI. Enhanced flow-dependent vasodilatation after bed rest, a possible mechanism for orthostatic intolerance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 85:420-6. [PMID: 11606010 DOI: 10.1007/s004210100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the alteration in flow-dependent-dilatation in the orthostatic intolerance occurring after bed-rest deconditioning. Eight men [aged mean (SEM) 32 (2) years] underwent two consecutive periods of 7 days of head-down-tilt (HDT, -6 degrees) during bed rest. A control age and sex matched group [n = 8, 30 (2) years], maintained its usual physical activity. Blood flow velocity (BFV) and diameter (Doppler and echotracking systems) were measured in the brachial artery, under basal conditions and during the post ischaemic hyperaemia following occlusion. The increase in BFV post-ischaemia did not change before, during and after HDT but the relative increase in the diameter was greater on the 7th day of the HDT period than before HDT [+8.8(1.6)% compared to +3.7(1.0)%, P < 0.001]. After HDT, 11 of 16 standing tests (comprising eight subjects in the two HDT periods) had to be stopped because of orthostatic intolerance. The flow-dependent-dilatation measured at the end of HDT was negatively correlated with the post-bed-rest duration of orthostatic tolerance (r = 0.78, P < 0.01). After the sublingual administration of glyceryl trinitrate, there was no change in the increase in diameter. No significant changes were observed in the control group. Bed-rest deconditioning enhances the flow-dependent vasodilatation of large arteries and might contribute to the orthostatic intolerance observed following bed-rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bonnin
- Hĵpital Laribosière, Explorations fonctionelles multidisciplinaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U541, Paris, France.
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26
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Pavy-Le Traon A, Maillet A, Vasseur Clausen P, Custaud MA, Alferova I, Gharib C, Fortrat JO. Clinical effects of thigh cuffs during a 7-day 6 degrees head-down bed rest. Acta Astronaut 2001; 49:145-151. [PMID: 11669103 DOI: 10.1016/s0094-5765(01)00092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thigh cuffs are used by Russian cosmonauts to limit the fluid shift induced by space flight. A ground simulation using the head-down bed rest (HDBR) model was performed to assess the effects of thigh cuffs on clinical tolerance and orthostatic adaptation. 8 male healthy volunteers (32.4 +/- 1.9 years) participated twice in a 7-day HDBR--one time with thigh cuffs (worn daily from 9 am to 7 pm) (TC) and one time without (WTC). Orthostatic tolerance was assessed by a 10 minute stand test and by a LBNP test (5 min at -15, -30, -45 mmHg) before (BDC-1) and at the end of the HDBR period (R+1). Plasma volume was measured before and at the end of HDBR by the Evans blue dye dilution technique. Thigh cuffs limits headache due to fluid shift, as well as the loss in plasma volume (TC: -5.85 +/- 0.95%; WTC: -9.09 +/- 0.82%, p<0.05). The mean duration of the stand test (R+1) did not differ in the two group (TC 7.1 +/- 1.3 min; WTC 7.0 +/- 1.0 min). The increase in HR and decrease in diastolic blood pressure were slightly but significantly larger without thigh cuffs. Duration of the LBNP tests did not differ with thigh cuffs. Thigh cuffs limit the symptoms due to fluid shift and the loss in plasma volume. They partly reduced the increase in HR during orthostatic stress but had no effect on duration of orthostatic stress tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pavy-Le Traon
- Medes, Institute for Space Physiology and Medicine, Hopital Rangueil, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Diridollou S, Maillet A, Pavy-Le Traon A, Louisy F, Black D, Berson M, Grégoire JM, Gall Y, Arbeille P. Use of thigh pressure cuffs to modulate simulated microgravity-induced changes in the skin measured with high-resolution B-scan ultrasound. Eur J Ultrasound 2001; 13:215-26. [PMID: 11516633 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-8266(01)00135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fluid shift in a simulated microgravity experiment and to test the use of thigh cuffs to help alleviate the problem. METHODS The change in skin thickness was assessed by a 20 MHz B-scan ultrasound device. This was performed on eight volunteers who underwent two successive 7-day periods of -6 degrees anti-orthostatic bed-rest, with or without the daytime use of thigh cuffs. The thigh cuffs were used to counteract the development of facial oedema. RESULTS In the control group (without thigh cuffs), the results showed a steady increase in skin thickness of the combined dermis and hypodermis of the forehead and a reduction of the thickness of this tissue on the tibia. For the countermeasure group, although thigh cuffs were only employed during the daytime - being removed at night - their use reduced the amplitude and kinetics of the fluid shift, resulting in greater beneficial effects at the end of the day than early in the morning. CONCLUSION These results of objective measurements of skin made using a non-invasive high frequency ultrasonography method confirm reports by cosmonauts of a reduction in facial oedema and a more 'comfortable' adaptation to microgravity by the use of thigh cuffs during space flight. This system is potentially promising for investigating fluid shifts in the skin and may prove useful in the evaluation of some oedematous skin diseases, as well as their therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diridollou
- Institut de Recherche Pierre FABRE, Centre Jean-Louis Alibert, Immeuble Zodiaque 2, 3 Passage de l'Europe. BP 4404, 31405 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
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Abstract
Food intake and eating patterns, body functions and composition are significantly altered by short-duration space flight. Prolonged missions lasting weeks or months further aggravate these changes, and are responsible for acute or chronic physical impairments at return to ground conditions. Current projects of missions to Mars, resulting in 2 years of microgravity conditions, stress the critical need for the development of optimal nutritional programs and physical countermeasures to prevent body mass and function alterations. This review outlines ground models of microgravity simulation, summarizes the major effects of weightlessness on body composition, protein metabolism, hormonal pattern, and muscle function, and addresses contradictory findings related to the oxidative stress secondary to space flight. Potential countermeasures, such as nutrient intake and physical conditioning, as well as areas of interest for future research both in ground and space medicine, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Biotechnology Topical Team about Nutrition of the European Space Agency, Clinique Spatiale, MEDES, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Millet C, Custaud MA, Maillet A, Allevard AM, Duvareille M, Gauquelin-Koch G, Gharib C, Fortrat JO. Endocrine responses to 7 days of head-down bed rest and orthostatic tests in men and women. Clin Physiol 2001; 21:172-83. [PMID: 11318825 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2281.2001.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate plasma volume (PV), total body water, hormones and hydroelectrolyte responses in eight males (25-40 years) and eight females (25-31 years) during 7 days of exposure to simulated microgravity (-6 degrees head-down bed rest, HDBR). Bed rest is a model that has commonly been used to simulate spaceflight. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and vasoactive hormone responses were studied before and after HDBR during a 10-min stand test. No change in total body water and body mass was noted in either sex. The decrease in PV was similar in both men (9.1 +/- 1.4%) and women (9.4 +/- 0.8%). Urinary normetanephrine (NMN) was decreased during HDBR in both sexes. Urinary metanephrine (MN) and plasma catecholamines were unchanged. Daily urinary excretion of urea, an indirect index of protein breakdown, was increased only in the female subjects during HDBR. Plasma active renin (AR) and aldosterone were increased in both sexes, but urinary atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were unchanged throughout the study. Also, the hormonal responses to 7 days of HDBR were comparable between men and women. Moreover, the results show similar cardiovascular and endocrine responses to standing after HDBR. However, the orthostatic intolerance following HDBR was associated with a blunted increase in noradrenaline (NA) only in the women during the stand test. It is concluded that: (i) 7 days of physical inactivity achieved during HDBR resulted in a reduced sympathetic activity in both sexes and alterations in protein metabolism in women and (ii) standing after HDBR resulted in an attenuated release of noradrenaline in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Millet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement (Equipe Accueil 645), Groupement d'Intérêt Public Exercice, Faculté de Médecine, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
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Abstract
We postulated that a change in complex dynamics of the cardiovascular system could be involved in the orthostatic intolerance observed after simulated weightlessness. Supine recordings of 1024 consecutive pulse intervals and systolic blood pressures were obtained on 7 subjects adapted to a 42 day head-down bed rest (day 22 and 42) but also before and 6 days after head-down bed rest (-6 degrees). Coarse graining spectral analysis was used to extract the non-harmonic (fractal) component from each time series. The power spectral densities of this fractal component are inversely proportional to their frequency (1/f beta). We fitted an inverse power law estimate to the fractal component to determine the spectral exponent beta. The complex dynamics of blood pressure and heart rate variability were also analyzed by correlation dimension and non-linear prediction. Bed rest induced orthostatic intolerance in 4 subjects. There was a significant increase in the spectral exponent beta of RR-interval variability during and after head-down bed rest (before: 1.039 +/- 0.090; during: 1.552 +/- 0.080 and 1.547 +/- 0.100; after: 1.428 +/- 0.040). Analysis of the blood pressure dynamics indicated lower correlation dimensions during head-down bed rest and higher coefficients of predictability after head-down bed rest. Complexity alterations of RR-interval and blood pressure variability were not linked with one another during head-down bed rest. These alterations seemed to be correlated with the orthostatic intolerance observed after bed rest. These results suggest a change of the integration level of cardiovascular autonomic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Fortrat
- Faculté de Médecine Grange-Blanche, Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France.
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Custaud MA, Millet C, Frutoso J, Maillet A, Gauquelin G, Gharib C, Fortrat JO. No effect of venoconstrictive thigh cuffs on orthostatic hypotension induced by head-down bed rest. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 170:77-85. [PMID: 11114945 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is the most serious symptom of cardiovascular deconditioning induced by head-down bed rest or weightlessness. Wearing venoconstrictive thigh cuffs is an empirical countermeasure used by Russian cosmonauts to limit the shift of fluid from the lower part of the body to the cardio-cephalic region. Our aim was to determine whether or not thigh cuffs help to prevent orthostatic hypotension induced by head-down bed rest. We studied the effect of thigh cuffs on eight healthy men. The cuffs were worn during the day for 7 days of head-down bed rest. We measured: orthostatic tolerance (stand tests and lower body negative pressure tests), plasma volume (Evans blue dilution), autonomic influences (plasma noradrenaline) and baroreflex sensitivity (spontaneous baroreflex slope). Thigh cuffs limited the loss of plasma volume (thigh cuffs: -201 +/- 37 mL vs. control: -345 +/- 42 mL, P < 0.05), the degree of tachycardia and reduction in the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity induced by head-down bed rest. However, the impact of thigh cuffs was not sufficient to prevent OI (thigh cuffs: 7.0 min of standing time vs. control: 7.1 min). Decrease in absolute plasma volume and in baroreflex sensitivity are known to be important factors in the aetiology of OI induced by head-down bed rest. However, dealing with these factors, using thigh cuffs for example, is not sufficient to prevent OI. Other factors such as venous compliance, microcirculatory changes, peripheral arterial vasoconstriction and vestibular afferents must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Custaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
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Diridollou S, Pavy-Le Traon A, Maillet A, Bellossi F, Black D, Patat F, Lagarde JM, Berson M, Gall Y. Characterisation of gravity-induced facial skin oedema using biophysical measurement techniques. Skin Res Technol 2000; 6:118-27. [PMID: 11428954 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0846.2000.006003118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In humans, the microgravity environment can be expected to induce swelling of facial tissues and shrinking of the tissues in the lower limbs, together with a loss in body weight. To evaluate fluid shifts in skin, the head-down bed-rest model was used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the appearance of facial oedema in subjects undergoing anti-orthostatic bed-rest at an angle of -10 degrees. METHODS The forehead of each of four subjects was measured before and after 1, 10 and 24 h in this head-down tilt position. At these time points, interstitial fluid migration and facial oedema were assessed using a high resolution B-scan ultrasound and a device for measuring the skin's mechanical properties. RESULTS The results obtained showed a progressive increase in dermal thickness and initial stress, and a reduction in stiffness and elasticity of the skin during the study period. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study has demonstrated the feasibility of the method in measuring fluid displacement and retention in the skin. Furthermore, it highlights the influence of fluids on the mechanical behaviour of the skin. These techniques could be used for studying the redistribution of liquid masses during periods spent in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diridollou
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre Jean-Louis, Alibert Toulouse, France
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Maillet A, Zaouali-Ajina M, Vorobiev D, Blanc S, Pastouchkova L, Reushkina G, Morukov B, Grigoriev AI, Gharib C, Gauquelin-Koch G. Orthostatic tolerance and hormonal changes in women during 120 days of head-down bed rest. Aviat Space Environ Med 2000; 71:706-14. [PMID: 10902934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women will be included as mission specialists in the upcoming International Space Station program. This paper describes the changes in volume-regulating hormones and determines the degree of degradation in orthostatic tolerance in a group of women after 120 d of bed rest. The aim of this study was to test a countermeasure program to be used by women during long-duration spaceflights. METHODS For 120 d of -6 degrees head-down bed rest (HDBR), eight healthy women were assigned either to a no-countermeasure (No-CM, n = 4), or to a countermeasure (CM, n = 4) group. In the countermeasure group, exercise began after 2 wk, pharmacological agents were given during the 1st and 3rd mo, and the "Centaur" suit was worn on the last day of bed rest and during the day time for several days after bed rest. Diet supplements were taken during the 1st and 4th mo of HDBR. Tilt tests were run before and after HDBR. RESULTS After the HDBR, none of the CM subjects, had pre-syncopal or syncopal symptoms during tilt tests: BP was well maintained in the CM group, while heart rate and BP changed in the No-CM group. In plasma, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increased in both groups and remained high throughout HDBR, while aldosterone increased and remained elevated in the No-CM group. Natriuresis was decreased during HDBR. CONCLUSION The CM protocols used during this study were efficient and prevented orthostatic intolerance for the four CM subjects. It would be necessary to obtain more data regarding this set of CM protocols on female subjects to lead to statistical and formal conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, France.
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Mauran P, Sediame S, Traon AP, Maillet A, Carayon A, Barthelemy C, Weerts G, Guell A, Adnot S. Effects of a three-day head-down tilt on renal and hormonal responses to acute volume expansion. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:R1444-52. [PMID: 10564218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.5.r1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To clarify whether exposure to 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) leads to alterations in body fluid volumes and responses to a saline load similar to those observed during space flight we investigated eight healthy subjects during a 4-day, 6 degrees HDT and during a time-control ambulatory period with cross-over. Compared with the ambulatory period, HDT was associated with greater urinary excretion of water and sodium (UV, U(Na)V) from 0 to 12 h (cumulated UV 1,781 +/- 154 vs. 1,383 +/- 170 ml, P < 0.05; cumulated U(Na)V 156 +/- 14 vs. 117 +/- 9 mmol, P < 0.05), and with higher plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) at 4 h. Hemoglobin and hematocrit increased over the first 24 h, and blood and plasma volumes were decreased after 48 h of HDT (P < 0.05). Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone did not differ between the two groups. With prolongation of HDT, UV and U(Na)V returned close to baseline values. On the fourth HDT day, a 30-min infusion of 20 ml/kg isotonic saline was performed, while a large oral water load maintained a high urine output. The ambulatory period experiment was done with the subjects in the acute supine posture. Sodium excreted within 4 h of loading was 123 +/- 8 mmol during HDT vs. 168 +/- 16 mmol during the ambulatory period (P < 0.05). The increase in plasma ANF and decrease in PRA were greater during HDT than during the ambulatory period (ANF 30 +/- 5 vs. 13 +/- 4 pg/ml, P < 0.05; PRA -1.4 +/- 0.4 vs. -0.5 +/- 0.2 ng. ml(-1). h(-1), P < 0.05). Our data suggest that after a 3-day HDT period, thoracic volume receptor loading returns to the level seen in the upright position, leading to blunted responses to volume expansion, compared with acute supine control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mauran
- Département de Physiologie de la Faculté de Médecine de Reims, American Memorial Hospital, F-51092, Reims, France
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35
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE to report observations in energy and macronutrient intakes, and body weight during prolonged bed-rest in a head down tilt (HDT) position. DESIGN open study, each subject was his own control, and was studied during 14 days of baseline, 42 days of -6 degrees HDT bed-rest, and 12 days of recovery. SUBJECTS eight healthy young man were recruited, one dropped out. METHODS energy and macronutrient content of the diet were calculated from weighed amounts of food consumed and French food composition tables. RESULTS body weight declined during HDT (74.0+/-3.2 to 71.8+/-3.2 kg, P<< 0.001) and increased during recovery (72.7+/-3.2 kg, P<< 0. 001). Energy intake decreased during HDT (by 17% after 4-5 weeks) and increased during recovery but remained lower than during baseline (P<< 0.001). During HDT fat intake, expressed by a percentage of energy, decreased (P<< 0.01) while carbohydrate increased (P= 0.04); protein intake did not change (P= 0.08). The reverse trends were observed during recovery. CONCLUSIONS the present study reports a spontaneous reduction in energy and relative fat intake during prolonged HDT bed rest. We believe that these findings have implications for the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ritz
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, 63009, France
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Maillet A, Titze J, Gushin V, Nichiporuk I, Kirsch KA, Gharib C, Gauquelin-Koch G. Hormonal changes during a 20-week confinement. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998; 69:1045-51. [PMID: 9819159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the European Space Agency planned the EUROMIR'95 long-duration flight with a European astronaut on board the Russian orbital MIR station, it organized simultaneously a ground simulation, called the Human Behaviour Study, of this manned space mission. The ground simulation was a confinement experiment, and this paper describes the changes in volume-regulating hormones that occurred during and after 20 weeks of confinement. METHODS In a normobaric diving chamber, 3 subjects were confined for 135 d. Arterial pressure, plasma concentrations of blood volume-regulating hormones (active renin and arginine-vasopressin), and urinary variables (aldosterone, arginine-vasopressin, and metabolites of catecholamines) were measured before, during, and after confinement. RESULTS Arterial pressure was increased from week 1 until week 15 of confinement, while heart rate was elevated from week 6 until the end of the simulation. Plasma active renin was elevated throughout the confinement (after week 6). Urine volume increased transitively on the first 2 d of confinement. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained during this long-term confinement experiment have major importance regarding concerns about spaceflight and bed rest data, because we observed hormonal changes during the experiment that normally are assigned to the fluid shift that occurs in weightlessness or in the head-down tilt position (i.e., an increase of renin, an increase of urinary volume during the first two days, and a decreased urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, France
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Maillet A, Gunga HC, Normand S, Allevard AM, Cottet-Emard JM, Pachiaudi C, Kirsch KA, Gharib C, Gauquelin-Koch G. Effects of a 60-day confinement on the blood pressure, hormonal responses and body fluids of a mixed crew. J Gravit Physiol 1998; 5:55-64. [PMID: 11541903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
During the EXEMSI experiment, an international crew of 4 subjects (1 woman and 3 men) was confined for 60 days in a normobaric diving chamber (with 1060 mbar atmospheric pressure) to simulate life in a space station and to assess the effects of confinement on psychological and physiological factors. Blood pressure and blood volume regulating hormones (atrial natriuretic peptide, renin, aldosterone) and urine data (24-h urine outputs, ionogram) were measured before (BDC: baseline data collection), during (D: day) and after (R: recovery) confinement. We also measured energy expenditure and total body water, 14 days before, and after 27 days of confinement, by the double-labeled water method. We found a marked increase in 24-h urine output during most of the confinement in the men and the woman. Body weight (-1.8 +/- 0.9 kg) and energy expenditure (-1064 +/- 143 kcal/d, p<0.01) decreased in the 3 men. The total body water (TBW) decreased by 1.5 +/- 1.2 l in the men. Stress was not indicated by plasma and urine catecholamines but plasma growth hormone was elevated on D2 (p<0.01 vs. BDC) in the men. This study shows that confinement conditions can modify body fluid (increases in 24-h urine outputs and TBW changes) and energetic metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement (GIP Exercice), Faculte de Medecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, France
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Maillet A, Pavy-Le Traon A. MEDES clinical research facility as a tool to prepare ISSA space flights. Acta Astronaut 1998; 43:321-328. [PMID: 11541934 DOI: 10.1016/s0094-5765(98)00164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This new multi-disciplinary medical experimentation center provides the ideal scientific, medical and technical environment required for research programs and to prepare international space station Alpha (ISSA) missions, where space and healthcare industries can share their expertise. Different models are available to simulate space flight effects (bed-rest, confinement,...). This is of particular interest for research in Human psychology, physiology, physiopathology and ergonomics, validation of biomedical materials and procedures, testing of drugs, and other healthcare related products. This clinical research facility (CRF) provides valuable services in various fields of Human research requiring healthy volunteers. CRF is widely accessible to national and international, scientific, medical and industrial organisations. Furthermore, users have at their disposal the multi-disciplinary skills of MEDES staff and all MEDES partners on a single site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Clinique Spatiale-MEDES, Toulouse, France.
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Sigaudo D, Fortrat JO, Allevard AM, Maillet A, Cottet-Emard JM, Vouillarmet A, Hughson RL, Gauquelin-Koch G, Gharib C. Changes in the sympathetic nervous system induced by 42 days of head-down bed rest. Am J Physiol 1998; 274:H1875-84. [PMID: 9841515 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.6.h1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in autonomic nervous system activity could be linked to the orthostatic intolerance (OI) that individuals suffer after a spaceflight or head-down bed rest (HDBR). We examined this possibility by assessing the sympathetic nervous system activity during 42 days of HDBR in seven healthy men. Heart rate variability was studied with the use of power spectral analysis, which provided indicators of the sympathetic (SNSi) and parasympathetic (PNSi) nervous system influences on the heart. Urinary catecholamines and the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were measured. Urinary catecholamines decreased by 21.3%, showing a decrease in SNSi. Heart rate variability was greatly reduced during 42 days of HDBR with a drop in PNSi but with no significant changes in SNSi. The baroreflex sensitivity was greatly reduced (30.7%) on day 42 of HDBR. These results suggest a dissociation between the catecholamine response and the SNSi of the heart rate. This dissociation could be the consequence of an increase in beta-adrenergic receptor density and/or activity induced by a decrease in catecholamines during HDBR. The subjects who suffered from OI also had a greater sympathetic response and much lower baroreflex sensitivity when supine than those who finished the stand test. However, the mean response of all subjects indicated that the sympathetic activity (catecholamine excretion) was probably slightly inhibited during HDBR and could contribute to OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sigaudo
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement (Groupement d'Interet Public Exercice), Faculte de Medecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Traon AP, Sigaudo D, Vasseur P, Maillet A, Fortrat JO, Hughson RL, Gauquelin-Koch G, Gharib C. Cardiovascular responses to orthostatic tests after a 42-day head-down bed-rest. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998; 77:50-9. [PMID: 9459521 DOI: 10.1007/s004210050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular responses to orthostatic tests were studied before and after a prolonged 42 day-head-down bed-rest (HDBR;-6 degrees) experiment simulating a long duration space flight. Seven men participating in the experiment underwent stand tests (10 min) and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) tests (5 min at -25, -35, -45 mmHg). Heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex response slope (SBS) were analysed to assess autonomic nervous system responses. Changes in plasma volume (PV) were assessed at the end of HDBR. At the end of HDBR, four subjects could not complete the stand tests and one could not complete the LBNP test. A higher stressed heart rate with standing (+ 44% before and + 57% after HDBR) and LBNP exposure (+ 19% before and + 34% after HDBR) were observed. A decrease in blood pressure (BP) reflecting a reduced vasomotor response was only observed with standing (mean BP + 21% before and -8% after HDBR); LBNP was less sensitive probably because it was performed 6 h after the stand test. The PV decreased by 10.6%. A decline in spectrum total power reflecting a reduced variance of RR-interval, a decrease in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic one were observed at the end of HDBR. The reduced parasympathetic indicator and SBS would suggest that the vagal nerve component of the cardiovascular control had been diminished. Except for a lower BP when standing after HDBR, no significant difference was observed between finishers and non-finishers. Autonomic nervous system changes including reduced vasomotor responses constituted important contributors to the orthostatic intolerance observed here and after space flights. Some autonomic and PV changes seemed to be opposite to those observed with training and would suggest a role of reduced physical activity in cardiovascular changes induced by HDBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Traon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange Blanche, France
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Maillet A, Gauquelin G, Gharib C. Cardiovascular and hormonal changes induced by isolation and confinement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28:S53-5. [PMID: 8897405 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199610000-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular changes induced by microgravity are in general described as the result of the loss of hydrostatic pressure. Other factors are also important: restricted environment with 1) elimination of mobility, action and 2) isolation always found in space environment or during simulation studies. Several studies indicate an analogy between microgravity and confinement. The results of simulation studies could be misinterpreted without a control confinement study present in the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, (GIP-Exercice, DRET and CNES) Faculté de Médecine Grange Blanche, Lyon, France
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Gunga HC, Kirsch K, Baartz F, Maillet A, Gharib C, Nalishiti W, Rich I, Röcker L. Erythropoietin under real and simulated microgravity conditions in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996; 81:761-73. [PMID: 8872644 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.2.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the time course of erythropoietin (EPO) during Earth-bound microgravity simulations such as bed rest, isolation and confinement (IC), head-down tilt (HDT; -6 degrees), and immersion to evaluate which factors could contribute to alterations in EPO under real microgravity conditions during and after short- (< 10 days) and long-term (> 6 mo) spaceflights. During bed rest (24h), no significant changes in EPO could be observed. Subjects confined in a diving chamber facility for 60 days showed a decrease in EPO. In the recovery period a slight increase was observed, but EPO concentrations did not reach the pre-IC control level. In the control period before HDT, subjects showed normal resting values for EPO, but on day 2 of HDT the EPO concentrations were decreased (P < 0.01). Later the EPO levels remained below the control value and were increased after HDT (P < 0.05). After immersion (24 h) increased EPO concentrations could be determined (P < 0.05). During a short-term spaceflight the astronauts showed in-flight (day 4) decreased and unchanged EPO concentrations. During a long-term spaceflight, 24 h after recovery, the cosmonaut showed slightly elevated EPO concentration, which increased markedly during the following days. It is concluded that 1) HDT (-6 degrees) causes a rapid decrease in EPO in humans, 2) IC per se leads to diminished EPO concentrations, 3) EPO regulation in humans during short- and long-term spaceflights might be different, 4) changes in central blood volume, i.e., central venous pressure, seem to be involved in the modulation of EPO production and release under simulated and real microgravity conditions, and 5) the HDT (-6 degrees) Earth-bound simulation reflects mostly the changes in EPO production and release observed under real microgravity conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Gunga
- Department of Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Germany
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Gauquelin G, Maillet A, Allevard AM, Sigaudo D, Gharib C. Diurnal rhythms of plasma renin activity, atrial natriuretic peptide and arterial pressure during head-down bed rest in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996; 73:536-43. [PMID: 8817124 DOI: 10.1007/bf00357676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of prolonged head-down bed rest on the rhythms of several parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, haematocrit, plasma renin activity (PRA), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were assessed in six healthy men, aged 33 (SEM 2) years, who were submitted to bed rest for 28 days (D1-28). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BPs and BPd) and heart rate were measured at 0700 and 1900 hours; circulating PRA and ANP were determined from blood samples drawn at 0800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2200 hours before bed rest (D - 5), D1, 2, 7, 20, 27 during bed rest and post bed rest (D + 2). The BPs was the lowest at 0700 hours and increased at 1900 hours. There was a significant difference between values during all the measurements. The BPd and heart rate were lower at 0700 hours before and after bed rest and no significant difference appeared between these two values during the bed rest. The PRA and ANP concentrations were more stable during bed rest, and had not returned to original rhythmicity 2 days after bed rest. The mean daily concentration of ANP decreased during bed rest. It would seem from this study that changes occur in those rhythms during bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gauquelin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement (GIP Exercice), Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, France
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Maillet A, Fagette S, Allevard AM, Pavy-Le Traon A, Guell A, Gharib C, Gauquelin G. Cardiovascular and hormonal response during a 4-week head-down tilt with and without exercise and LBNP countermeasures. J Gravit Physiol 1996; 3:37-48. [PMID: 11539306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether exercise and Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) during 28 days of -6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) would modify orthostatic tolerance and blood volume regulating hormones, twelve healthy men were assigned to either a no- countermeasure (No-CM, n=6), or a countermeasure (CM, n=6) group. LBNP sessions consisted of 15 minutes exposure to -30 mm Hg, on days 16, 18, 20 and 22-28 of HDT. Muscular exercise began on day 8 and consisted of combined graded dynamic and isometric resistance bilateral leg exercise on a specially designed supine ergometer, in two sessions of 15-20 min. each, every day, 6 days per week. A tilt test was performed before and at the end of HDT. Changes in resting plasma volume from control day (D-5) to HDT day 24 were -11.2% for No-CM and -2.2% for CM. After HDT three among the 6 subjects of the No-CM group presented presyncopal or syncopal symptoms, no tilt test was interrupted in CM group. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) decreased at day 7 for the two groups and remained low during all the HDT period for No-CM group only. Plasma Renin Activity and Aldosterone increased at day 7 and remained elevated for the two groups. Norepinephrine and epinephrine were unchanged. Elevated diuresis and natriuresis were evident during the first day of HDT. However, renal excretory patterns were different between the two groups: indeed, a decrease of Na+, ANP and cGMP was observed only in No-CM at Day 13 during HDT. Our data showed that the subjects of the No-CM group experienced a greater increase in heart rate and a decrease in systolic blood pressure during tilt tests after HDT; nevertheless, after HDT, blood pressure was better maintained in CM group during the tilt test. The plasma volume decrease measured at the end of HDT was significantly lower in CM group, in contrast, these countermeasures were ineffective in preventing at least certain changes in blood volume regulating hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, France
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Sigaudo D, Fortrat JO, Maillet A, Allevard AM, Pavy-Le Traon A, Hughson RL, Guell A, Gharib C, Gauquelin G. Comparison of a 4-day confinement and head-down tilt on endocrine response and cardiovascular variability in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996; 73:28-37. [PMID: 8861666 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 4-day head-down tilt (HDT; -6 degrees) and 4-day confinement on several indicators that might reflect a state of cardiovascular deconditioning on eight male subjects. Measurements were made of endocrine responses, heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex response (SBR) slope before, during and after each intervention. Plasma volume decreased by 10 percent after the 4-day HDT. The concentration of active renin was increased and that of urinary atrial natriuretic peptide decreased during the 4-day experiment in both groups. Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration decreased significantly only after 4-day confinement. After the 4-day HDT, one of the spectrum analysis parameters was statistically changed: the parasympathetic indicator decreased significantly (P <0.05) whereas the sympathetic indicator and the total power spectrum were unaltered. After 4-day confinement spectrum analysis parameters were not statistically altered. A significant decrease of SBR (P <0.05) was noticed only after the 4-day HDT. These data would suggest that exposure to a 4-day HDT was sufficient to induce a cardiovascular deconditioning which may have been induced by confinement and inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sigaudo
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnment, Faculte de Medecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, Lyon, France
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Maillet A, Normand S, Gunga HC, Allevard AM, Cottet-Emard JM, Kihm E, Strollo F, Pachiaudi C, Kirsch KA, Bizollon CA, Gauquelin G, Gharib C. Hormonal, water balance, and electrolyte changes during sixty-day confinement. Adv Space Biol Med 1996; 5:55-78. [PMID: 8814812 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-2574(08)60053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The EXEMSI experiment has made it clear that it is difficult to perform psychological and physiological protocols satisfactorily in the same study. It is, therefore, essential that the objectives of study be defined clearly before the start. While behavioral and psychological studies may be possible and provide valid results for a small group of mixed gender, it is more difficult to conduct valid physiological studies due to large differences between individuals and even in the same individual over time. As stated before, it is unusual in space research on humans and even during space simulation studies to have large and homogeneous groups of subjects. The consequence is that the results remain tentative. For a better understanding of the physiological data collected during the ISEMSI ad EXEMSI experiments, they should be correlated with the results of the psychological studies. One of the conclusions drawn from the ISEMSI experiment was that confinement provides a valuable parallel to other simulations of weightlessness, such as bedrest. The same pattern of changes in parameters like the blood volume regulating hormones renin and aldosterone was observed as in bedrest. After the EXEMSI study we can say that the conditions imposed by confinement, high work load, and stress, potentiate these effects. This implies that in using head-down bedrest as a weightlessness simulation the confinement effects must be identified by setting adequate control conditions for the head-down position, for short-term as well as for long-term simulations. Indeed, we have seen in the two isolation studies that confinement may have its effects at the beginning of the isolation period (EXEMSI) as well as during the entire isolation period (ISEMSI). In planning for EXEMSI we wanted to obtain more insight in some of the phenomena observed during ISEMSI by the introduction of new techniques such as the doubly labeled water method for determination of total body water. However, in some cases the opposite effects of those encountered in ISEMSI were found. This was probably due to the many changes in the experimental scenario, like number of subjects, mixed gender, living space per subject, and workload. Thus, for future isolation studies the operational scenario should be better examined and preferably standardized. Nevertheless, in such studies as well as in long-term sojourns in a space station, the crew size will not be larger than that of the EXEMSI crew. Physiologists will, therefore, have to become familiar with the study of small groups of subjects and to try to overcome the problems of large individual differences and statistical analysis of data from small groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- Laboratoire de Faculté de Médicine, Lyon, France
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to find the mechanisms leading to the weight changes that have frequently been observed during isolation and in spaceflight. Isolation studies with small groups impose limitations on the measurements that can be performed to simple, noninvasive methods. In this study the simple parameters of body weight and body composition, along with sodium and potassium excretion, were determined in three males and one female subject before, during and after 60 days of isolation. Our assumption was that application of these simple methods might provide valuable information, when measurements are done on a daily basis and when the pre- and post-isolation periods are taken into account. Three subjects gained weight before isolation, while one lost weight. All four subjects gradually lost weight during isolation, 1-4% of their weight on the first day of isolation. During the first post-isolation week weight remained stable. During isolation one subject lost body fat, whereas another lost body water and lean body mass, but gained body fat. The urinary electrolyte excretion pattern reflected the changes in body composition: sodium loss coincided with a decrease of total body water, and potassium loss with a decrease of lean body mass. The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method, used in defining changes in body composition, provided data in good agreement with those obtained with the double-labeled water method. The results reported here are in agreement with observations reported by other investigators with respect to the body weight changes and the body composition. However, it is still not understood why some subjects lose fat and others gain fat under identical conditions. Psychological factors may be involved in these individual differences. Two further points have become clear from these studies: (1) the pre- and post-isolation periods should be taken into account, (2) urinary electrolyte excretion must be seen in the context of changes in body composition, not only in the context of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Gunga
- Institut für Physiologie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany
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Vorobiev D, Maillet A, Fortrat JO, Pastushkova L, Allevard AM, Sigaudo D, Cartier R, Patricot M, Andre-Deshays C, Kotovskaya A, Grigoriev A, Gharib C, Gauquelin G. Blood volume regulating hormones, fluid and electrolyte modifications during 21 and 198-day space flights (Altair-MIR 1993). Acta Astronaut 1995; 36:733-742. [PMID: 11541010 DOI: 10.1016/0094-5765(95)00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the Altair MIR '93 mission we studied several parameters involved in blood volume regulation. The experiment was done on two cosmonauts before (B-60, B-30), during (D6, D12, D18 for French and D7, D12, D17 for Russian) and after the flight (R+1, R+3 and R+7). Space flight durations were different for two cosmonauts: for the Russian the flight duration was 198 days and for the French 21 days. On board the MIR station only urinary (volume and electrolytes, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and catecholamines) and salivary (cGMP and cortisol) samples were collected, centrifuged and stored in freezer. Lithium was used as a tracer to know exactly the 24 h urine output (CNES urine collection Kit). Before and after flight, blood was drawn with an epicite needle and vacutainer system for hormonal assays (renin, antidiuretic hormone, cGMP, ANP and aldosterone) in two positions: after 30 min rest in upright seated position and after 90 min of supine position. Salivary samples were collected simultaneously. During flight a decrease of diuresis and ANP and an increase of osmolality were found. No modifications of hematocrit, but an increase of salivary cGMP and cortisol were also observed. The decrease of urinary ANP is in favor of hypovolemia as described in previous flights. The postflight examinations revealed changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism which indicate a hypohydration status and a stimulation of hormonal system responsible for water and electrolyte retention in order to readapt to the normal gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vorobiev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia
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Ritz P, Gachon P, Berlan M, Bernard S, Maillet A, Beaufrère B, Acheson K. 0.69 Energy and macronutrient metabolism during long term bed rest. Clin Nutr 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(95)80141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The cardiac transplant patient provides a unique model for the study of blood pressure variability in the absence of heart rate variability. We examined the harmonic and fractal components of blood pressure variability in 14 heart transplant patients (12 men, 2 women; 21 to 62 years of age) and in age-and sex-matched control subjects during seated rest, supine rest, and supine rest with fixed-pace breathing (12 respirations per minute). Heart rate was faster in transplant patients than in control subjects, with much less heart rate variability (P < .0001). Spectral analysis of blood pressure variability revealed no difference in total power for either systolic or diastolic pressure, but transplant patients had less low-frequency (0 to 0.15 Hz) harmonic spectral power in both systolic (P < .01) and diastolic (P < .03) pressure and more high-frequency power (0.15 to 0.5 Hz) in diastolic pressure than control subjects. The ratio of high-frequency power in diastolic relative to systolic pressure was consistently higher (P < .0001) in the transplant patients (0.29 to 0.51) than in control subjects (0.11 to 0.13). The slope of the fractal component of systolic pressure was approximately 1.8 in both transplant patients and control subjects. This was greater than the slope for heart rate variability (approximately 1.1 in control subjects). These data provide clear evidence of independence of the fractal component of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities in both transplant patients and control subjects. The heart rate component of the arterial baroreflex minimized high-frequency diastolic pressure changes while contributing to low-frequency variations in both systolic and diastolic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Hughson
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Grange-Blanche, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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