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Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamamide-Tethered 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Human immunology studies using organ donors: Impact of clinical variations on immune parameters in tissues and circulation. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:74-88. [PMID: 28719147 PMCID: PMC5740015 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Organ donors are sources of physiologically healthy organs and tissues for life-saving transplantation, and have been recently used for human immunology studies which are typically confined to the sampling of peripheral blood. Donors comprise a diverse population with different causes of death and clinical outcomes during hospitalization, and the effects of such variations on immune parameters in blood and tissues are not known. We present here a coordinate analysis of innate and adaptive immune components in blood, lymphoid (bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes), and mucosal (lungs, intestines) sites from a population of brain-dead organ donors (2 months-93 years; n = 291) across eight clinical parameters. Overall, the blood of donors exhibited similar monocyte and lymphocyte content and low serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as healthy controls; however, donor blood had increased neutrophils and serum levels of IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 which varied with cause of death. In tissues, the frequency and composition of monocytes, neutrophils, B lymphocytes and T cell subsets in lymphoid or mucosal sites did not vary with clinical state, and was similar in donors independent of the extent of clinical complications. Our results reveal that organ donors maintain tissue homeostasis, and are a valuable resource for fundamental studies in human immunology.
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Abstract
Gloriosa superba is a plant that grows wild in several parts of South India. Tubers of this plant contain several alkaloids. Acute intoxication following the ingestion of G. superba results in gastrointestinal and haematological abnormalities, hepatic and renal insufficiency, cardiotoxicity and hair loss. We present a case with typical features of G superba toxicity.
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Prevalence of Candida in the oral cavity of diabetic subjects. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2005; 53:599-602. [PMID: 16190127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimation of prevalence of Candida in the oral cavity of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and three subjects of diabetes mellitus (49 Type 1 diabetes mellitus and 54 Type 2 diabetes mellitus) and one hundred non-diabetic subjects (control) were studied. RESULTS 41(83.67%) out of 49 Type 1 diabetes mellitus, 37(68.52%) out of 54 Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 27(27%) out of 100 in non-diabetic subjects were found to carry Candida in their oral cavity. Colony Forming Unit (CFU) of Candida in the oral cavity ranking in groups was Type 1 diabetes mellitus > Type 2 diabetes mellitus > non-diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION Colonization and carriage of Candida in the oral cavity was found to be higher in diabetic subjects than in non-diabetic subjects. However anti-diabetic therapy and glycaemic control in diabetes were found to bear no relation with carriage of Candida in the oral cavity.
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Rifampin: inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis after potentiation by amphotericin B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 5:371-6. [PMID: 15825390 PMCID: PMC428977 DOI: 10.1128/aac.5.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth by amphotericin B and rifampin was studied. Rifampin alone had no effect on growth or macromolecular syntheses. Lethal amounts of amphotericin B produced a late inhibition of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis simultaneous with the arrest of growth and protein synthesis. In contrast, low doses of amphotericin B along with rifampin caused an early arrest of RNA synthesis, followed by a later arrest of growth and protein synthesis. Used with rifampin, amphotericin B thus appears to increase cell permeability for rifampin, which in turn inhibits RNA synthesis; such results are consistent with some reports of inhibition of yeast RNA polymerase function by rifampin. Experiments with petite mutants ruled out any special effect of the antibiotics on mitochondrial RNA synthesis, so that nuclear RNA synthesis is affected. Acrylamide gel analyses of RNA pulse-labeled after addition of the two antibiotics in synergy showed that synthesis of all major classes of RNA was progressively and uniformly inhibited.
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Partial posterior capsulectomy through an anterior approach: an intraocular lens retaining technique in the management of presumed Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis. Eye (Lond) 2005; 20:382-4. [PMID: 15746949 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Correction of pseudophakic anisometropia in a patient with pseudoexfoliation using an implantable contact lens. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88:309. [PMID: 14736803 PMCID: PMC1771982 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2003.021915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Application of linear minimum mean-squared-error equalization for volume holographic data storage. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:4387-4393. [PMID: 18323925 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
When target densities of volume holographic data storage systems are increased, the systems experience increased interference from adjacent pixels and noise. Here we present a method for designing and applying linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) equalization to improve the bit error rates (BER's) and hence the storage densities achievable. Numerical results with five defocused data pages indicate that a significant improvement in the BER is possible with LMMSE equalization.
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Channel modeling and estimation for intrapage equalization in pixel-matched volume holographic data storage. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:4374-4386. [PMID: 18323924 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present two different channel models (the magnitude model and the intensity model) for a pixel-matched volume holographic data storage system that employs the 4-focal-length architecture. First, a framework to describe the channel models is developed. We evaluate the linearity of the channel models by comparing data values obtained from diffraction-limited interference with data values predicted by the channel models. The models are evaluated for linearity and equalization gain under different storage and read-back conditions, such as fill factors, apertures, and contrast ratios. Bit error rate results obtained by use of linear equalization methods in conjunction with the channel models developed are also presented. Our results suggest that the magnitude model leads to better performance when the fill factors are small, whereas the intensity model appears to be more appropriate for the high-fill-factor cases. The magnitude model, when suitable, appears to provide a storage density improvement of as great as 65%, whereas the intensity model seems capable of providing as much as 15% density gain through deconvolution. The optimum aperture for storage seems to be close to the Nyquist aperture.
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Parity coding for page-oriented optical memories with intrapage intensity variations. OPTICS LETTERS 1999; 24:546-548. [PMID: 18071567 DOI: 10.1364/ol.24.000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new form of modulation coding for page-oriented memories (POM's) based on parity is introduced. The parity-based codes are evaluated by use of simulated POM data pages. It is illustrated that the proposed parity codes can outperform balanced modulation codes in the presence of fixed-pattern noise and additive white Gaussian noise.
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A study on the prevalence of Toxocora spp eggs at public places in Andhra Pradesh. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 1998; 30:197-8. [PMID: 10093429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Multiple circular-harmonic-function correlation filter providing specified response to in-plane rotation. APPLIED OPTICS 1996; 35:1871-1878. [PMID: 21085311 DOI: 10.1364/ao.35.001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The circular-harmonic-function correlation filter originally proposed by Hsu and Arsenault [Appl. Opt. 21, 4016 (1982)] for in-plane rotation invariance uses only one harmonic, which results in poor discrimination capability of the filter. Various methods to use multiple harmonics were explored previously by different researchers. We present a new method to combine multiple circular harmonics into a single filter that can provide the desired correlation response to in-plane rotation while minimizing the correlation-plane energy. Since multiple harmonics are included, the filter can discriminate well, and since correlation-plane energy is minimized, correlation peaks tend to be sharp. Since the designer can specify the desired in-plane rotation response, a variety of filter behaviors (including complete invariance to input rotations) can be obtained. Underlying theory is discussed, and simulation results are presented.
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Abstract
A numerical simulation of hemodynamics in blood vessels with 0-75% dilation is made. A transient UVP finite element method (FEM) and a stable time integration scheme, based on a predictor-corrector strategy, with constant error monitoring are employed in the flow analysis. The pulsatile flow is analyzed without any assumptions in nonlinear terms and is characterized by thoroughly analyzing the flow, pressure, and stress fields. The central axis velocity, central axis and wall pressures, pressure gradient history, and wall shear stress are influenced by the presence of aneurysm. Time-dependent recirculation regions which are sensitive to the degree of dilation of the vessel are seen in the concavity of the dilation. The transverse velocities and their variations with time are found to be too significant to be neglected. The effects of nonlinear convective terms and the nonlinear geometry of the vessel are clearly depicted through the transverse velocity and pressure profiles.
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Purification and identification of two distinct isoforms of rabbit pancreatic cholesterol esterase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1995; 27:415-23. [PMID: 7788563 DOI: 10.1016/1357-2725(95)00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterase (CEases; E.C. 3.1.13) has been purified to homogeneity from rabbit pancreas. The method of purification consists of homogenization of total pancreas, high speed centrifugation, anion exchange column chromatography on S-Sepharose, size exclusion on Sephacryl followed by affinity chromatography on heparin agarose. During the purification procedure, two distinct isoforms of CEases have been identified. Both forms are similar in their molecular weights, bile salt requirement and pH optima but differ in their sensitivity to heparin. Isoform-I is resistant and isoform-II is sensitive to heparin. In the normal pancreas of the adult rabbit, the amount of each of the enzymes appears to be in equimolar concentrations. Physiological significance of the existence of heparin sensitive and resistant forms by the same tissue is unclear. In view of the significant role played by heparin in the modulation of CEase activity and several other physiological functions, these two isoforms may have different mechanisms of action on the hydrolysis of carboxyl esters of cholesterol and vitamins.
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Finite element analysis of nonlinear pulsatile suspension flow dynamics in blood vessels with aneurysm. Comput Biol Med 1995; 25:1-20. [PMID: 7600757 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4825(95)98881-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A nonlinear pulsatile suspension flow in a dilated vessel is numerically analysed. Two sets of highly coupled nonlinear partial differential equations governing the suspension flow are numerically solved, to simulate the suspension flow dynamics. A transient velocity-pressure (UVP) finite element method (FEM) and a stable time integration scheme, based on a predictor-corrector strategy, with constant error monitoring are employed in the flow analysis. The pulsatile suspension flow is characterized by analysing the flow, pressure and stress fields. Effects of the nonlinear particulate phase on the nonlinear suspending fluid phase are brought out by comparing the suspension flow results with those of homogeneous flow. Particles are seen to dampen the flow velocity, wall and central axis pressure, pressure gradient and wall shear stress. time-dependent recirculation regions which are sensitive to the presence of particles are seen in the dilated portion of the vessel. These recirculation regions favour thrombogenesis. The nonlinear effects due to the vessel geometry and those due to the convective terms dominate the dampening effect of the particles. These nonlinear effects are depicted through the transverse velocity and pressure plots. Wall shear stresses of suspension flow are not only high but also alternate in direction.
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Optimal trade-off synthetic discriminant function filters for arbitrary devices. OPTICS LETTERS 1994; 19:1556-1558. [PMID: 19855582 DOI: 10.1364/ol.19.001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new correlation-filter design methodology is presented for achieving two objectives: synthetic discriminant function filters that can be implemented on arbitrary various criteria of interest. devices and that can provide optimal trade-off among various criteria of interest.
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Ultrastructural changes in the efferent duct and epididymis of men with obstructive infertility. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1993; 237:199-207. [PMID: 8238971 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092370207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastructural changes in the efferent duct and in different regions of the epididymis in men with obstructive azoospermia were compared with corresponding tissues collected from men of proven fertility who underwent castration due to malignancy of the prostate. Major degenerative changes were seen in the efferent duct and the caput epididymidis of men with obstruction at the caput epididymidis which may have been induced by fluid pressure due to defective absorption of testicular fluid in the caput epididymidis. These degenerative changes included decrease in tubular and lumen diameter of the caput and the cauda epididymides, decrease in height of the stereocilia, reduction in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi material, and presence of lipofuscin and osmiophilic dense bodies. The degenerative changes were less when the site of obstruction was in the cauda epididymidis since fluid reabsorption would continue to take place normally in the caput epididymidis. In men who had undergone vasoepididymostomy (VEA), the ejaculated spermatozoa showed a high percentage of morphological abnormalities which may have occurred due to adverse effects of long-term obstruction on spermatogenesis.
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Molecular cloning and expression of rabbit pancreatic cholesterol esterase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1172:175-80. [PMID: 8439557 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90288-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit pancreatic cholesterol esterase (CEase, carboxyl ester lipase, EC 3.1.1.3) has been cloned from a lambda gt11 library of adult rabbit pancreatic cDNA. The open reading frame consists of 1788 nucleotides which encodes 576 amino acids of the functional protein and a 20 amino acid leader peptide. When compared to other species, the greatest homology is observed between residues 82-248 with little or no homology at the C-terminal end where proline-glutamate-serine-threonine (PEST) segments are a characteristic feature of the human CEase. Rabbit CEase (RCEase) retains the active-site serine (gxsxg), the active-site histidine and the tentative heparin binding site (KKRCLQ) at similar positions in comparison to pancreatic CEases of other species. When rabbit CEase cDNA is expressed in monkey kidney (COS-7) cells, enzymatic hydrolytic activity is detected in the growth medium as is a 67 kDa protein by Western blotting with polyclonal anti-CEase antibody. Northern blot analysis shows two mRNA (2.2 and 3.2 kb) species.
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Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN), midkine (MK), and retinoic acid-induced heparin-binding (RI-HB) protein are members of a recently discovered family of developmentally regulated cytokines. We report here the cloning, sequencing, chromosomal localization, and structural organization of the genomic version of the human PTN gene and its comparison to the mouse MK gene. The PTN gene was found to be arranged in five exons and four introns, in a fashion similar to that of the mouse MK gene. Exon 1, as for MK, does not appear to encode amino acid sequence. As in the case of the MK gene, exon 2 encodes the hydrophobic leader sequence of PTN, which constitutes the beginning of gene translation. The signal peptide cleavage site of both genes lies toward the 3' end of exon 2. Exons 3 and 4 of PTN were most closely related to exons 3 and 4 of the MK gene; in particular, six of the ten cysteine residues were coded for in exon 3 and the remaining 4 in exon 4. The intron-exon splice junctions of both genes occurred through the same residues. The two genes were found to be less closely related in the fifth exon which encodes the highly basic C-terminal domains, the translation termination codon, and the polyadenylation signal of both cDNAs. We also report approximately 2000 bp of the 5' untranslated sequence of the PTN gene and the site of initiation of transcription in human placenta. PTN was localized to human chromosome 7q33-34 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These data confirm the existence of a new gene family of developmentally regulated cytokines.
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Tutorial survey of composite filter designs for optical correlators. APPLIED OPTICS 1992; 31:4773-4801. [PMID: 20725491 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.004773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A tutorial survey is presented of the many composite filter designs proposed for distortion-invariant optical pattern recognition. Remarks are made throughout regarding areas for further investigation.
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Abstract
The gene for human pancreatic cholesterol esterase consists of 11 exons and 10 introns and is 9.2 kb in length. The last and longest exon (841 nucleotides) is unique to the human gene. Functional amino acids are encoded on separate exons. The leader sequence is encoded by a single exon which carries two additional N-terminal amino acids of the mature functional protein. A positive TATA element is identified 43 nucleotides from the start codon. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis and hybridization with various cDNA probes and direct sequence data revealed the existence of a CEase-like gene. Partial sequence analysis of this gene from a human cosmid library and human genomic DNA showed a premature stop signal in exon 10, shortly after the codon for the active-site histidine. Both the functional gene and the CEase-like gene have a polyadenylation signal in the 3'-untranslated region. Thus, the complex gene structure for this intestinally active enzyme may provide in part a potential molecular explanation for the well-known heterogeneity of the intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
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Dopamine receptors in human foetal brains: characterization, regulation and ontogeny of [3H]spiperone binding sites in striatum. Neurochem Int 1992; 20:559-66. [PMID: 1304871 DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(92)90035-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen corpora striata from normal human foetal brains ranging in gestational age from 16 to 40 weeks and five from post natal brains ranging from 23 days to 42 years were analysed for the ontogeny of dopamine receptors using [3H]spiperone as the ligand and 10 mM dopamine hydrochloride was used in blanks. Spiperone binding sites were characterized in a 40-week-old foetal brain to be dopamine receptors by the following criteria: (1) It was localized in a crude mitochondrial pellet that included synaptosomes; (2) binding was saturable at 0.8 nM concentration; (3) dopaminergic antagonists spiperone, haloperidol, pimozide, trifluperazine and chlorpromazine competed for the binding with IC50 values in the range of 0.3-14 nM while agonists--apomorphine and dopamine gave IC50 values of 2.5 and 10 microM, respectively suggesting a D2 type receptor. Epinephrine and norepinephrine inhibited the binding much less efficiently while mianserin at 10 microM and serotonin at 1 mM concentration did not inhibit the binding. Bimolecular association and dissociation rate constants for the reversible binding were 5.7 x 10(8) M-1 min-1 and 5.0 x 10(-2) min-1, respectively. Equilibrium dissociation constant was 87 pM and the KD obtained by saturation binding was 73 pM. During the foetal age 16 to 40 weeks, the receptor concentration remained in the range of 38-60 fmol/mg protein or 570-1080 fmol/g striatum but it increased two-fold postnatally reaching a maximum at 5 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Competitive learning with generalized winner-take-all activation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS 1992; 3:167-175. [PMID: 18276418 DOI: 10.1109/72.125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Competitive learning paradigms are usually defined with winner-take-all (WTA) activation rules. The paper develops a mathematical model for competitive learning paradigms using a generalization of the WTA activation rule (g-WTA). The model is a partial differential equation (PDE) relating the time rate of change in the ;density' of weight vectors to the divergence of a vector field called the neural flux. Characteristic trajectories are used to study solutions of the PDE model over scalar weight spaces. These solutions show how the model can be used to design competitive learning algorithms which estimate the modes of unknown probability density functions.
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Neuroanatomy of Cysticercus cellulosae (Cestoda) as revealed by acetylcholinesterase and nonspecific esterase histochemistry. Parasitol Res 1992; 78:581-6. [PMID: 1438150 DOI: 10.1007/bf00936456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system of Cysticercus cellulosae, the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium, was delineated using histochemical methods for the localization of the enzyme markers; nonspecific esterase and acetylcholinesterase. The main features of the nervous system include a pair of cerebral ganglia, a circumcerebral nerve ring, a rostellar nerve ring, and anterior and posterior nerves and their branches. The posterior nerves form a subtegumental network in the strobila and the bladder wall. A nerve network around excretory tubules could also be demonstrated, suggesting neuronal control of excretion in the metacestode. No sheath was observed around the nervous system. The morphological features described suggest "cephalization" of the nervous system in this parasite.
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Design of phase-only, binary phase-only, and complex ternary matched filters with increased signal-to-noise ratios for colored noise. OPTICS LETTERS 1991; 16:1025-1027. [PMID: 19776864 DOI: 10.1364/ol.16.001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An algorithm is provided for treating nonwhite additive noise in determining regions of support for phase-only filters, binary phase-only filters, and complex ternary matched filters. It is analytically shown to be optimal in the signal-to-noise ratio sense. It extends earlier research that assumed white noise.
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Abstract
Expressions are derived for real filters that have a maximum correlation signal to noise ratio. Both continuous and discrete cases are treated and shown to have similar forms. The signal can be complex, and the case of a real signal is considered and related to previous results.
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Phase-only filters with maximally sharp correlation peaks. OPTICS LETTERS 1990; 15:807-809. [PMID: 19768085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A performance measure called the peak-to-correlation energy is used to characterize the sharpness of correlation outputs. This measure is then used to determine the phase-only filter with maximally sharp correlation peaks.
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Abstract
Several performance criteria are described to enable a fair comparison among the various correlation filter designs: signal-to-noise ratio, peak sharpness, peak location, light efficiency, discriminability, and distortion invariance. The trade-offs resulting between some of these criteria are illustrated with the help of a new family of filters called fractional power filters (FPFs). The classical matched filter, phase-only filter (POF), and inverse filter are special cases of FPFs. Using examples, we show that the POF appears to provide a good compromise between noise tolerance and peak sharpness.
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Fast algorithms for designing optical phase-only filters (POFs) and binary phase-only filters (BPOFs). APPLIED OPTICS 1990; 29:2992-2996. [PMID: 20567366 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Very efficient suboptimal algorithms for the design of phase-only filters and binary phase-only filters are presented. A reduction of 2- to 3-orders of magnitude in computer time is obtained over previous algorithms. The loss in signal-to-noise ratio is negligible (<0.001 dB).
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Abstract
The histology of different regions of human epididymis in men undergoing vasoepididymostomy to correct epididymal obstruction was studied. The data indicate major degenerative changes in intertubular connective tissue and in the epididymal epithelium. These include increase in connective tissue thickness and its infiltration by leucocytes in some cases, decrease in tubular diameter, degeneration and/or vacuolation of cytoplasm of nonciliated cells of efferent duct and principal cells of epididymis and presence of multinucleate giant cells in the epididymal lumen. These histological abnormalities are discussed in relation to the role such epididymis can play in sperm maturation following vasoepididymostomy.
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Effect of vasectomy on the ultrastructure of epididymal epithelium in rhesus monkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY 1990; 35:180-91. [PMID: 1973925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural changes in the epididymal epithelium and the fate of accumulating spermatozoa were examined in the vasectomized rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Accumulation of spermatozoa resulted in an increase in the diameter of the tubule and its lumen. Ultrastructure of principal cells revealed that they continue to perform both secretory and absorptive functions after vasectomy. The rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and mitochondria were well developed in the principal cell. Bulging of the apical portion of principal cells and membrane-bound structures in the lumen suggests an increase in apocrine secretion. An increase in the number of vesicles, vacuoles, and multivesicular bodies in the principal cells indicates an increased absorptive activity. Increased absorptive function was also evident in the apical cells. Macrophages with sperm remnants were seen in the lumen, and occasionally in the connective tissue. The principal or only mechanism of sperm disposal after vasectomy appeared to be intraluminal endocytosis by macrophages.
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Signal to noise ratio loss in correlators using real filters. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:3287-3288. [PMID: 20555689 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.003287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Simple expressions are derived for the loss in signal-tonoise ratio when a real filter is used instead of a complex filter in an optical correlator.
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Correlation filters for target detection in a Markov model background clutter. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:3112-3119. [PMID: 20555659 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.003112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of distortion-invariant correlation filters in the presence of background clutter is addressed. Background images are modeled as Markov noise processes, and a synthesis procedure for the optimal filter is described. It is shown that spatially filtering the training set images eliminates the need for the inversion of large noise covariance matrices, thus leading to a computationally efficient filter realization. The effect of errors (in the estimation of clutter correlation coefficient) on filter performance is theoretically analyzed, and a bound on the relative degradation of the SNR due to such errors is presented.
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Efficient algorithm for designing a ternary valued filter yielding maximum signal to noise ratio. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:1919-1925. [PMID: 20548767 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An efficient algorithm for designing a ternary valued filter yielding the highest signal to noise ratio (SNR) is utlined. Numerical evaluations using the image of a tank indicate that using such a filter can provide an improvement in SNR of ~5 dB over the conventional binary phase-only filter (BPOF). This is superior to the 1-dB improvement obtained for that image by varying the threshold line angle (TLA) in filter binarization. Simulation results are presented. They agree with the numerically computed SNRs.
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41
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Structural gene for human membrane cofactor protein (MCP) of complement maps to within 100 kb of the 3' end of the C3b/C4b receptor gene. J Exp Med 1989; 169:597-602. [PMID: 2521358 PMCID: PMC2189215 DOI: 10.1084/jem.169.2.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural gene for membrane cofactor protein (MCP), a widely distributed C3b/C4b binding regulatory glycoprotein of the complement system, has been mapped to the same locus as the structural genes for CR1, CR2, DAF, and C4bp. The order of the genes within an approximately 800-kb DNA fragment on the long arm of chromosome 1 is MCP-CR1-CR2-DAF-C4bp. Further, the MCP gene maps to within 100 kb of 3' end of the CR1 gene.
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42
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Abstract
We introduce the notion of optimal phase-only filters (OPOFs) that yield improved signal to noise ratios (SNRs). We illustrate the improvement in SNR resulting from the use of OPOFs with the help of several analytical examples and simulation results.
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43
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Purification of membranes and identification of phase-specific proteins of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1988; 261:212-21. [PMID: 3341775 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane vesicles from the yeast and mycelial phases of Histoplasma capsulatum have been purified and characterized. The method of purification involved differential centrifugation of ballistically fractured cells followed by sedimentation through discontinuous sucrose density gradient and equilibrium centrifugation. Purity of the preparation was assessed by electron microscopy. The protein composition of the membrane preparations from the yeast and mycelial phases of the fungus was analyzed by polyacrylamide gels. A comparison of the two morphologic phases revealed quantitative and qualitative differences in the expressions of several membrane-specific proteins. Physical differences in the appearance of the membranes were also observed by electron micrography of membrane preparations. Alteration in membrane fluidity may be one of the many causes for differences in the appearance of membrane vesicles in the two phases.
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44
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Constraint phase optimization in minimum variance synthetic discriminant functions. APPLIED OPTICS 1988; 27:409-413. [PMID: 20523606 DOI: 10.1364/ao.27.000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that proper selection of constraint phases in minimum variance synthetic discriminant functions can further reduce the output variance due to input noise. It is demonstrated with the help of examples that this reduction in variance can range from being negligible to being significant. The exact amount of reduction depends on the constraint magnitudes, training images, and the noise covariance matrix.
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45
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Abstract
The synthesis of a new category of spatial filters that produces sharp output correlation peaks with controlled peak values is considered. The sharp nature of the correlation peak is the major feature emphasized, since it facilitates target detection. Since these filters minimize the average correlation plane energy as the first step in filter synthesis, we refer to them as minimum average correlation energy filters. Experimental laboratory results from optical implementation of the filters are also presented and discussed.
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46
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Spatial-temporal correlation filter for in-plane distortion invariance. APPLIED OPTICS 1986; 25:4466. [PMID: 18235810 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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47
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Evaluation of the use of the Hopfield neural network model as a nearest-neighbor algorithm. APPLIED OPTICS 1986; 25:3759. [PMID: 18235689 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.003759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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48
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Alternate interpretation for minimum variance synthetic discriminant functions. APPLIED OPTICS 1986; 25:2484-2485. [PMID: 20453978 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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49
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Calculation of geometric moments using Fourier plane intensities. APPLIED OPTICS 1986; 25:997. [PMID: 18231286 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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50
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Abstract
A quick, simple, inexpensive and sensitive method is described to stain and quantitate proteins on nitrocellulose papers. The proteins may be spotted or transferred from polyacrylamide gels by Western blotting. The procedure involves non-radioactive iodination of the polypeptides by chloramine T and potassium iodide followed by detection of bound iodine with starch. The method is more sensitive and much quicker than Coomassie brilliant blue staining and may be used for quantitation or detection of proteins in unknown samples. Another major advantage of this procedure is that ionic or nonionic detergents, although at higher concentrations causing the sample to disperse more broadly in the membranes, do not affect the staining procedure. Further, this method may be used for detection of proteins bound to papers that have high affinity for proteins such as the Zeta probe membranes.
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