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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants by Abbott molecular, antigen, and serological tests. J Clin Virol 2022; 147:105080. [PMID: 35086043 PMCID: PMC8770247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background : Viral diversity presents an ongoing challenge for diagnostic tests, which need to accurately detect all circulating variants. The Abbott Global Surveillance program monitors severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and their impact on diagnostic test performance. Objectives : To evaluate the capacity of Abbott molecular, antigen, and serologic assays to detect circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, including all current variants of concern (VOC): B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma) and B.1.617.2 (delta). Study design : Dilutions of variant virus cultures (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.429, B.1.526.1, B.1.526.2, B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, P.1, R.1 and control isolate WA1) and a panel of N = 248 clinical samples from patients with sequence confirmed variant infections (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.427, B.1.429, B.1.526, B.1.526.1, B.1.526.2, P.1, P.2, R.1) were evaluated on at least one assay: Abbott ID NOW COVID-19, m2000 RealTime SARS-CoV-2, Alinity m SARS-CoV-2, and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex molecular assays; the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card and Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device; and the ARCHITECT/Alinity i SARS-CoV-2 IgG and AdviseDx IgM assays, Panbio COVID-19 IgG assay, and ARCHITECT/Alinity i AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II assay. Results : Consistent with in silico predictions, each molecular and antigen assay detected VOC virus cultures with equivalent sensitivity to the WA1 control strain. Notably, 100% of all tested variant patient specimens were detected by molecular assays (N = 197 m2000, N = 88 Alinity m, N = 99 ID NOW), and lateral flow assays had a sensitivity of >94% for specimens with genome equivalents (GE) per device above 4 log (85/88, Panbio; 54/57 Binax). Furthermore, Abbott antibody assays detected IgG and IgM in 94–100% of sera from immune competent B.1.1.7 patients 15–26 days after symptom onset. Conclusions : These data confirm variant detection for 11 SARS-CoV-2 assays, which is consistent with each assay target region being highly conserved. Importantly, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta VOCs were detected by molecular and antigen assays, indicating that these tests may be suitable for widescale use where VOCs predominate.
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A high prevalence of potential HIV elite controllers identified over 30 years in Democratic Republic of Congo. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103258. [PMID: 33674212 PMCID: PMC7992073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In-depth analysis of the HIV pandemic at its epicenter in the Congo basin has been hampered by 40 years of political unrest and lack of functional public health infrastructure. In recent surveillance studies (2017-18), we found that the prevalence of HIV in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (11%) far exceeded previous estimates. Methods 10,457 participants were screened in Kinshasa with rapid tests from 2017-2019. Individuals confirmed as reactive by the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay (n=1968) were measured by the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 viral load assay. Follow up characterization of samples was performed with alternate manufacturer viral load assays, qPCR for additional blood borne viruses, unbiased next generation sequencing, and HIV Western blotting. Findings Our data suggested the existence of a significant cohort (n=429) of HIV antibody positive/viral load negative individuals. We systematically eliminated collection site bias, sample integrity, and viral genetic diversity as alternative explanations for undetectable viral loads. Mass spectroscopy unexpectedly detected the presence of 3TC antiviral medication in approximately 60% of those tested (209/354), and negative Western blot results indicated false positive serology in 12% (49/404). From the remaining Western blot positives (n=53) and indeterminates (n=31) with reactive Combo and rapid test results, we estimate 2.7-4.3% of infections in DRC to be potential elite controllers. We also analyzed samples from the DRC collected in 1987 and 2001-03, when antiretroviral drugs were not available, and found similarly elevated trends. Interpretation Viral suppression to undetectable viral loads without therapy occurs infrequently in HIV-1 infected patients around the world. Mining of global data suggests a unique ability to control HIV infection arose early in central Africa and occurs in <1% of founder populations. Identification of this group of elite controllers presents a unique opportunity to study potentially novel genetic mechanisms of viral suppression. Funding Abbott Laboratories funded surveillance in DRC and subsequent research efforts. Additional funding was received from a MIZZOU Award from the University of Missouri. Research was supported in part by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH.
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Advanced molecular surveillance approaches for characterization of blood borne hepatitis viruses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236046. [PMID: 32678844 PMCID: PMC7367454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining genetic diversity of viral infections directly from patient specimens is the ultimate goal of surveillance. Simple tools that can provide full-length sequence information on blood borne viral hepatitis viruses: hepatitis C, hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses (HCV, HBV and HDV) remain elusive. Here, an unbiased metagenomic next generation sequencing approach (mNGS) was used for molecular characterization of HCV infections (n = 99) from Israel which yielded full-length HCV sequences in 89% of samples, with 7 partial sequences sufficient for classification. HCV genotypes were primarily 1b (68%) and 1a (19%), with minor representation of genotypes 2c (1%) and 3a (8%). HBV/HDV coinfections were characterized by suppressed HBV viral loads, resulting in sparse mNGS coverage. A probe-based enrichment approach (xGen) aiming to increase HBV and HDV coverage was validated on a panel of diverse genotypes, geography and titers. The method extended HBV genome coverage a median 61% (range 8–84%) and provided orders of magnitude boosts in reads and sequence depth for both viruses. When HBV-xGen was applied to Israeli samples, coverage was improved by 28–73% in 4 samples and identified HBV genotype A1, A2, D1 specimens and a dual B/D infection. Abundant HDV reads in mNGS libraries yielded 18/26 (69%) full genomes and 8 partial sequences, with HDV-xGen only providing minimal extension (3–11%) of what were all genotype 1 genomes. Advanced molecular approaches coupled to virus-specific capture probes promise to enhance surveillance of viral infections and aid in monitoring the spread of local subtypes.
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Hepatitis B genotypes and surface antigen mutants present in Pakistani blood donors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178988. [PMID: 28582431 PMCID: PMC5459465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is 2-4% in the Pakistani population, defining Pakistan as an intermediate prevalence country. In this study, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reactive blood donations were screened using a combination of serological and molecular methods to identify immune escape HBV mutant strains and to determine the HBV genotypes and subtypes present in Pakistan. METHODS Blood donations were collected at the Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion (AFIT) located in northern Pakistan and the Hussaini Blood Bank (HBB) located in the south. From 2009 to 2013 a total of 706,575 donations were screened with 2.04% (14,409) HBsAg reactive. A total of 2055 HBsAg reactive specimens, were collected and screened using a monoclonal antibody based research assay to identify immune escape mutants followed by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing to identify the mutation present. DNA sequences obtained from 192 specimens, including mutant candidates and wild type strains, were analyzed for escape mutations, genotype, and HBsAg subtype. RESULTS Mutations were identified in approximately 14% of HBsAg reactive donations. Mutations at HBsAg amino acid positions 143-145 are the most common (46%) with the mutation serine 143 to leucine the most frequently occurring change (28%). While regional differences were observed, the most prevalent HBV strains are subgenotypes of D with subgenotype D1/subtype ayw2 accounting for the majority of infections; 90.2% at AFIT and 52.5% at HBB. CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of immune escape HBV mutants in HBV infected Pakistani blood donors highlights the need for more studies into the prevalence of escape mutants. Differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated populations, the correlation of escape mutant frequency with genotype, and impact of escape mutations in different genotype backgrounds on the performance of commercially available HBsAg assays represent avenues for further investigation.
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Dusty plasma cavities: Probe-induced and natural. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:063105. [PMID: 26172806 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.063105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive exploration of regional dust evacuation in complex plasma crystals is presented. Voids created in three-dimensional crystals on the International Space Station have provided a rich foundation for experiments, but cavities in dust crystals formed in ground-based experiments have not received as much attention. Inside a modified Gaseous Electronics Conference rf cell, a powered vertical probe was used to clear the central area of a dust crystal, producing a cavity with high cylindrical symmetry. Cavities generated by three mechanisms are examined. First, repulsion of micrometer-sized particles by a negatively charged probe is investigated. A model of this effect developed for a dc plasma is modified and applied to explain experimental data in rf plasma. Second, the formation of natural cavities is surveyed; a radial ion drag proposed to occur due to a curved sheath is considered in conjunction with thermophoresis and a flattened confinement potential above the center of the electrode. Finally, cavity formation upon increasing the probe potential above the plasma floating potential is justified by a combination of ion drag and sheath edge modification. The cavities produced by these methods appear similar, but each is shown to be facilitated by fundamentally different processes.
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Diagnostic accuracy of three biopsy techniques in 117 dogs with intra-nasal neoplasia. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:219-24. [PMID: 24502380 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if nasal biopsies taken at rhinoscopy are more accurate for diagnosing neoplasia than biopsies taken blindly or using advanced imaging for guidance. METHODS A retrospective study of 117 dogs with nasal mass lesions that were divided into three groups according to the method of nasal biopsy collection; advanced imaging-guided, rhinoscopy-guided and blind biopsy. Signalment, imaging and rhinoscopic findings, and histopathological diagnosis were compared between groups. The proportion of first attempt biopsies confirming neoplasia were determined for each group. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of biopsies that confirmed neoplasia obtained via advanced imaging-guided, rhinoscopy-guided or blind biopsy techniques. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In dogs with a high index of suspicion of nasal neoplasia, blind biopsy may be as diagnostic as rhinoscopy-guided biopsy. Repeated biopsies are frequently required for definitive diagnosis.
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Loeffler's endocarditis and bicavity eosinophilic effusions in a dog with visceral mast cell tumour and hypereosinophilia. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:429-33. [PMID: 23809908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old crossbred dog was presented with a 2-week history of diarrhoea and tachypnoea. Marked circulating eosinophilia was identified. Pleural and abdominal effusions were detected by radiography and ultrasonography and cytological examination of these fluids revealed a predominance of eosinophils. Splenic and hepatic cytology revealed mast cell neoplasia, which was confirmed as visceral mast cell tumour on post-mortem examination. Histological changes of myocardial inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis were found. These findings are consistent with Loeffler's endocarditis.
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Vertical-probe-induced asymmetric dust oscillation in complex plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:053109. [PMID: 23767645 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.053109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A complex plasma vertical oscillation experiment which modifies the bulk is presented. Spherical, micron-sized particles within a Coulomb crystal levitated in the sheath above the powered lower electrode in a GEC reference cell are perturbed using a probe attached to a Zyvex S100 Nanomanipulator. By oscillating the probe potential sinusoidally, particle motion is found to be asymmetric, exhibiting superharmonic response in one case. Using a simple electric field model for the plasma sheath, including a nonzero electric field at the sheath edge, dust particle charges are found by employing a balance of relevant forces and emission analysis. Adjusting the parameters of the electric field model allowed the change predicted in the levitation height to be compared with experiment. A discrete oscillator Green's function is applied using the derived force, which accurately predicts the particle's motion and allows the determination of the electric field at the sheath edge.
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Defining themselves: English aristocratic women, 1450–1550. THE JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES 2010; 49:734-752. [PMID: 20941874 DOI: 10.1086/654911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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α-Lactalbumin-rich infant formula fed to healthy term infants in a multicenter study: plasma essential amino acids and gastrointestinal tolerance. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 62:1294-301. [PMID: 17657228 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an alpha-lactalbumin-enriched formula with a protein profile and total protein concentration closer to human milk (HM) and lower than conventional formulas. SUBJECTS/METHODS Two hundred and sixteen healthy, term infants, <or=14 days post-natal age were enrolled and 166 (76.9%) completed the study. Timed post-prandial plasma essential amino-acid levels were determined after 8 weeks of ad libitum study feeding. Study events were assessed every 2 weeks. RESULTS At 8 weeks, all mean plasma essential amino-acid levels in the experimental formula (EF) group were as high as the standard formula (SF) and HM groups. The incidence of feeding-related gastrointestinal (GI) events varied significantly (P=0.025) across groups: SF (31.3%), EF (17.2%) and HM (13.6%), with SF being significantly higher than HM (P=0.015). Study withdrawals due to feeding-related GI events were significantly different (P=0.001) across groups: SF (12.5%), EF (4.7%), and HM (0%). The timing of GI events was also significantly different across groups (P=0.010). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that feeding a higher quality, lower protein concentration formula (alpha-lactalbumin-enriched) met all essential amino acid and protein requirements of infants. The GI tolerance profile of infants receiving the EF was similar to HM-fed infants.
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Differences in understanding and application of 1987 ACR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis and 1991 ESSG criteria for spondylarthropathy. A pilot survey. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20:145-50. [PMID: 12051392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine areas of agreement and disagreement among experts in the interpretation of the published criteria for RA (ACR) and spondylarthropathies ( ESSG). METHODS Thirty-two experts (16 from France and 16 from 10 other countries) replied anonymously to a mailed questionnaire. RESULTS Tenosynovitis and 'sausage-like' painless swelling of the toes were considered as criteria for RA by 18 and 14 experts, respectively. The definition of symmetry differed widely among experts (symmetry of only one group of joints was sufficient for 13). Twenty-five experts considered erosions of other joints than the wrists and fingers as a criterion for RA, 17 thought that fulfilment of criteria could be achieved cumulatively, and 19 would appreciate clarifications of the current criteria. Among possible clarifications for RA, it was frequently recommended that morning stiffness and nodules be eliminated and that new marker antibodies, X-rays of the feet, and exclusion criteria be added. Twenty-three of the 29 experts who gave an opinion (79%) agreed with the notion of SP in the absence of axial signs and sacroiliitis, 26/31 (84%) indicated that a patient can have both RA and SP, and 19/30 (63%) thought that RA and SP could be regarded as syndromes more than diseases. Only 5/32 experts relied more on the criteria than on their clinical judgement in diagnosing RA. CONCLUSIONS There would seem to be a needfor the optimisation of RA and ESSG criteria, particularly within the context of early arthritis.
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity presents a challenge to nucleic acid-based assays with regard to sensitivity of detection and accuracy of quantification. The Abbott LCx HIV RNA Quantitative assay (LCx(R) HIV assay), a competitive RT-PCR targeting the pol integrase region, was evaluated using a panel of 297 HIV-1 seropositive plasma samples from Cameroon, Uganda, Brazil, Thailand, Spain, Argentina and South Africa. The panel included group M subtypes A-G, mosaics, and group O based on sequence analysis of gag p24, pol integrase, and env gp41. The LCx HIV assay quantified 290 (97.6%) of the samples, including all the group O samples tested. In comparison, the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test versions 1.0 and 1.5 quantified 67.3 and 94.6% of the samples, respectively. No group O specimens were quantified by either version of AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR. Seven specimens were below the detectable limits of all the three assays. The LCx HIV assay had fewer nucleotide mismatches at primer/probe binding sites as compared with both AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR tests. The high degree of nucleotide conservation within the pol target region enables the LCx HIV assay to efficiently quantify the HIV-1 subtypes A-G and the most genetically diverse HIV-1, group O.
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Is vaginal delivery preferable to elective cesarean delivery in fetuses with a known ventral wall defect? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:1527-34. [PMID: 10871475 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2000.106852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that vaginal delivery compared with elective cesarean delivery results in improved neonatal outcome in fetuses with a known isolated ventral wall defect. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective chart review. RESULTS Between 1989 and 1999, we identified 102 infants with a confirmed antenatal diagnosis of an isolated ventral wall defect with either the diagnosis of an omphalocele or gastroschisis. Sixty-six infants were delivered by cesarean and 36 were delivered vaginally. There were no significant demographic differences between the study groups or between the two sites except that one center (Cincinnati) usually delivered these fetuses by cesarean whereas the other (Louisville) usually delivered such fetuses vaginally. Overall, there were a greater number of infants with gastroschisis than omphalocele (gastroschisis, n = 71; omphalocele, n = 31). After we controlled for primary versus staged closure of ventral wall defect and gestational age at delivery; the medians and interquartile ranges for cesarean and vaginal delivery were 39 (25, 63) days versus 42 (26, 75) days, respectively (P =.32), for neonatal length of stay and 13 (9, 18) days versus 13 (9, 26) days, respectively (P =.16), for days to enteral feeding. After we controlled for the size of the defect and the amount of bowel resected, the odds of primary closure given a vaginal delivery was about half that given a cesarean delivery (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-1. 69), but this was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of neonatal death (2 [3%] vs 2 [6%]; P =.61) and neonatal sepsis (2 [3%] vs 4 [11%]; P =.18) for cesarean versus vaginal delivery. Maternal length of stay after delivery was found to be 1 day less after vaginal delivery [vaginal, 2 (2, 2) days; cesarean, 3 (2, 3) days; P =.0001]. There were 5 instances of maternal complications, and all 5 pregnancies were delivered by cesarean (P =.16). CONCLUSION Fetuses with an antenatal diagnosis of an isolated ventral wall defect may safely be delivered vaginally, and cesarean delivery should be performed for obstetric indications only.
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Abstract
Antibiotic usage was assessed in a prospective, randomized trial of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) versus placebo for 212 severely injured trauma patients in four university hospitals. All patients were observed until death or discharge from the hospital. We found the number of antibiotics used and their associated costs staggering and difficult to justify, although serious antibiotic-related complications were infrequent. Regular antibiotic administration following severe trauma should be re-evaluated since clinical evidence supports the use of shorter courses for these patients, with presumed similar outcomes and much-reduced expenses.
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Effects of polyaspartic acid on pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in two strains of rat. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:79-82. [PMID: 8141585 PMCID: PMC284400 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide insight into polyaspartic acid nephroprotection and differences in aminoglycoside renal toxicity between two rat strains, the single-dose pharmacokinetics of tobramycin was examined in the presence and absence of polyaspartic acid. Following a single subcutaneous 6.5-mg/kg dose of tobramycin alone, higher aminoglycoside concentrations were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats than in Fischer rats (P < 0.05). Simultaneous administration of polyaspartic acid (50 mg/kg) and tobramycin did not alter the concentrations of tobramycin in serum. The amount of tobramycin in renal tissue and the amount recovered in urine over a 24-h period were greater in both rat strains when tobramycin and polyaspartic acid were given concomitantly. In summary, polyaspartic acid did not alter the concentrations in serum achieved after a single dose of tobramycin in two different rat strains but did result in higher renal concentrations and greater urinary excretion of tobramycin.
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Abstract
We treated 13 patients with progressive MS with mitoxantrone. All patients received a standard IV dose of mitoxantrone (8 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for a total of seven infusions, with dosage adjustments depending on the hematologic profile at the nadir. The treatment was well tolerated, with the most common side effect being mild nausea. Four of seven women developed transient secondary amenorrhea. The postenrollment clinical behavior of these patients was generally more favorable than during the 18 months prior to enrollment (only three of 13 patients developed an increase in the Expanded Disability Status Scale of more than 0.5 points), suggesting a possible treatment effect, but comparison with two historical control groups (both the active and placebo groups from the Canadian Cooperative Trial of Cyclophosphamide and Plasma Exchange) does not suggest that mitoxantrone was efficacious. Eight of 12 patients had evidence of MRI activity on 13 of 29 follow-up visits. This small, open-labeled pilot study did not provide strong support for proceeding with a randomized, controlled trial of this dosage regimen of mitoxantrone in patients with progressive MS.
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Property, Power, and Personal Relations: Elite Mothers and Sons in Yorkist and Early Tudor England. SIGNS 1990. [DOI: 10.1086/494612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Power, Profit, and Passion: Mary Tudor, Charles Brandon, and the Arranged Marriage in Early Tudor England. FEMINIST STUDIES 1989. [DOI: 10.2307/3177818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Adolescents: how healthy are they? THE PRACTITIONER 1988; 232:1314-6. [PMID: 3256883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Methionine metabolism in mammals. The methionine-sparing effect of cystine. J Biol Chem 1988; 263:11750-4. [PMID: 3403552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystine can replace approximately 70% of the dietary requirement for methionine. We used standard enzyme assays, determinations of the hepatic concentrations of metabolites and an in vitro system which simulates the regulatory site formed by the enzymes which utilize homocysteine in this study of the mechanism for this adaptation. A significant alteration in the pattern of hepatic homocysteine metabolism occurs following the substitution of cystine for methionine. The major change is a marked reduction in the synthesis of cystathionine. Decreases in both the level of cystathionine synthase and in the concentration of adenosyl-methionine, a positive effector of the enzyme, explain this finding. Despite significant increases in the hepatic levels of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase, flow through these reactions remains relatively constant. The betaine enzyme may be essential for efficient methionine conservation. In the absence of choline, cystine cannot replace methionine in an adequate diet limited in the latter amino acid.
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Abstract
Cystine supplementation of adequate diets resulted in significantly higher hepatic levels of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Other changes occurred but were a function of the basal diet. When the latter contained 0.25% methionine + 0.5% cystine, the additional cystine caused a markedly lower hepatic cystathionine synthase activity and lower levels of both adenosylmethionine and serine. The metabolic effect of these changes may be enhanced methionine retention and diminished transsulfuration.
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Short history of plaster-of-Paris cast immobilization. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 1986; 69:195-6. [PMID: 3523193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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A retrospective study of patients with cancer in their terminal year. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1986; 99:197-200. [PMID: 3458062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Women's Realities, Women's Choices: An Introduction to Women's Studies. Hunter College Women's Studies Collective. SIGNS 1985. [DOI: 10.1086/494186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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The effect of personal characteristics on response levels in a health survey. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1983; 96:666-8. [PMID: 6576264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In a survey of everyday health in South Auckland, 207 mothers kept a diary of their families' health episodes and influences. Besides noting the problems of obtaining and maintaining respondent compliance, we found considerable variations in reporting levels between the main ethnic groups and between those willing to keep diaries for shorter or longer periods. The number of reports recorded varied on different days of the week and as time progressed. We quantified these variations and suggest correction processes which may be applied to research findings in multi-cultural areas.
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Audiometry and tympanometry in children throughout one school year. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1983; 96:603-5. [PMID: 6575311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
One hundred children had audiometry and tympanometry testing every two to three weeks throughout 38 weeks of a school year. The results showed an average prevalence of some abnormality in 62% and that the abnormal group was constantly changing. Abnormal episodes had a median duration of three to four weeks and a mean of six weeks. Thirty-nine percent of the children had more than one episode. Comparisons were made between the different measures of hearing and middle-ear function and between these and educational tests of intelligence, language and school achievement. Educational deficit was related most closely to total decibel loss. Four screening models were designed to allow economical use of testers' time. Resultant test patterns were related to two to three week testing and to educational test results. The closest correlation with educational test results proved to be an audiogram pass/fail screen each school term.
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Everyday health, South Auckland, 1980-81. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1983; 96:472-6. [PMID: 6574378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A morbidity diary was kept by 207 families in South Auckland. The subjects were known to the investigators from a previous study and much information about the families was already recorded. During two weeks records were requested on everyday health practices, disabilities, symptoms, health activities, upsets, and opinions on whether days were "good" or "bad". One hundred and fifty families gave information for two weeks and fifty-seven for one week. Data showed many significant relationships between demographic and socio-economic characteristics and health experiences and activities. These relationships are reported, and the importance of obtaining such information about communities and individuals discussed.
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Abstract
The level of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase increases in the livers of rats fed diets supplemented with betaine or choline. The increase occurs within 3 days following the change in diet. When we administered betaine by intraperitoneal injection to rats fed choline-free diets, we observed a similar increase within 24 hours. Since betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase catalyzes a reaction which is essential for the catabolism of betaine, these changes provide a means for adaptation to excessive levels of dietary choline and betaine.
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Abstract
We have evaluated factors which regulate the content of methionine, adenosylmethionine, adenosylhomocysteine, cystine, cysteine and acid-soluble thiols in rat tissues. In liver the concentration of methionine appears relatively insensitive to changes in dietary protein intake. In contrast the hepatic levels of adenosylmethionine, adenosylhomocysteine, cystine, cysteine and soluble thiols increased with augmented dietary protein. The ratio of adenosylmethionine: adenosylhomocysteine approximated 6.0 in livers, brains, kidneys and skeletal muscles from rats fed the stock diet. Independent variation in the concentrations of these two metabolites did occur. However, the ratios in livers of animals maintained on diets with varying casein content equaled or exceeded a value of 5.0. We conclude that the maintenance of the concentration of methionine is the primary result of the various homeostatic mechanisms. In addition, most previous reports have overestimated the tissue content of adenosylhomocysteine.
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Enzymes of methionine metabolism in regenerating rat liver. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1980; 164:510-3. [PMID: 7413671 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-164-40906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Health needs and primary care. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1980; 91:264-7. [PMID: 6930590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolism in rat hepatomas. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1978; 159:313-6. [PMID: 714963 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-159-40339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Methionine metabolism in mammals: regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase content of rat tissues. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 191:153-60. [PMID: 736559 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Resocializing: through a stroke club. Nurs Outlook 1973; 21:778-80. [PMID: 4491262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Methionine metabolism in mammals: kinetic study of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 153:320-4. [PMID: 4650615 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Methionine metabolism in mammals. Regulation of homocysteine methyltransferases in rat tissue. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 146:84-92. [PMID: 5144037 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(71)80044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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Abstract
The Ohio survey shows a decrease in the number of faint sources relative to the number which would be expected for a uniform, Euclidean universe. This confirms the results of the Cambridge 5C2 survey at 408 MHz, but the decrease is sharper for the Ohio counts at 1415 MHz.
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