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Silva A, Silva V, Tavares T, López M, Rojo-Bezares B, Pereira JE, Falco V, Valentão P, Igrejas G, Sáenz Y, Poeta P. Rabbits as a Reservoir of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli: Clonal Lineages and Public Health Impact. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:376. [PMID: 38667052 PMCID: PMC11047531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing strains, poses a global health threat due to multidrug resistance, compromising food safety and environmental integrity. In industrial settings, rabbits raised for meat have the highest consumption of antimicrobial agents compared to other food-producing animals. The European Union is facing challenges in rabbit farming as rabbit consumption declines and antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli cause enteric diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile, genetic diversity, and biofilm formation in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli strains isolated from twenty rabbit farms in Northern Portugal to address the effect of the pressing issue of antibiotic resistance in the rabbit farming industry. Resistance to critically antibiotics was observed, with high levels of resistance to several categories, such as tetracycline, ampicillin, aztreonam, and streptomycin. However, all isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem. Multidrug resistance was common, with strains showing resistance to all antibiotics tested. The blaCTX-M variants (blaCTX-3G and blaCTX-M9), followed by the tetracycline resistance genes, were the most frequent resistance genes found. ST10 clones exhibiting significant resistance to various categories of antibiotics and harboring different resistance genes were detected. ST457 and ST2325 were important sequence types due to their association with ESBL-E. coli isolates and have been widely distributed in a variety of environments and host species. The strains evaluated showed a high capacity for biofilm formation, which varied when they were grouped by the number of classes of antibiotics to which they showed resistance (i.e., seven different classes of antibiotics, six classes of antibiotics, and three/four/five classes of antibiotics). The One Health approach integrates efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance in rabbit farming through interdisciplinary collaboration of human, animal, and environmental health. Our findings are worrisome and raise concerns. The extensive usage of antibiotics in rabbit farming emphasizes the urgent need to establish active surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (T.T.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (T.T.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Tavares
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (T.T.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- José Azevedo Monteiro, Lda., Rua do Campo Grande 309, 4625-679 Vila Boa do Bispo, Portugal
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (M.L.); (B.R.-B.)
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (M.L.); (B.R.-B.)
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Virgílio Falco
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Universidade do Porto (UP), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Universidade do Porto (UP), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (M.L.); (B.R.-B.)
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Traás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (T.T.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Rojo-Bezares B, Casado C, Ceniceros T, López M, Chichón G, Lozano C, Ruiz-Roldán L, Sáenz Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa from river water: antimicrobial resistance, virulence and molecular typing. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae028. [PMID: 38444209 PMCID: PMC11004943 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from surface river water samples in La Rioja region (Spain) to characterise their antibiotic resistance, molecular typing and virulence mechanisms. Fifty-two P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from 15 different water samples (45.4%) and belonged to 23 different pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. All isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, except one carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa that showed a premature stop codon in OprD porin. Twenty-two sequence types (STs) (six new ones) were detected among 29 selected P. aeruginosa (one strain with a different PFGE pattern per sample), with ST274 (14%) being the most frequent one. O:6 and O:3 were the predominant serotypes (31%). Seven virulotypes were detected, being 59% exoS-exoY-exoT-exoA-lasA-lasB-lasI-lasR-rhlAB-rhlI-rhlR-aprA-positive P. aeruginosa. It is noteworthy that the exlA gene was identified in three strains (10.3%), and the exoU gene in seven (24.1%), exoS in 18 (62.1%), and both exoS and exoU genes in one strain. High motility ranges were found in these strains. Twenty-seven per cent of strains produced more biofilm biomass, 90% more pyorubin, 83% more pyocyanin and 65.5% more than twice the elastase activity compared with the PAO1 strain. These results highlight the importance of rivers as temporary reservoirs and sources of P. aeruginosa transmission, and show the importance of their epidemiological surveillance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Cristina Casado
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Tania Ceniceros
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gabriela Chichón
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Guibert F, Espinoza K, Taboada-Blanco C, Alonso CA, Oporto R, Castillo AK, Rojo-Bezares B, López M, Sáenz Y, Pons MJ, Ruiz J. Traditional marketed meats as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00445-y. [PMID: 37995017 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze Escherichia coli from marketed meat samples in Peru. Sixty-six E. coli isolates were recovered from 21 meat samples (14 chicken, 7 beef), and antimicrobial resistance levels and the presence of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, as well as clonal relationships and phylogeny of colistin-resistant isolates, were established. High levels of antimicrobial resistance were detected, with 93.9% of isolates being multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 76.2% of samples possessing colistin-resistant E. coli; of these, 6 samples from 6 chicken samples presenting mcr-1-producer E. coli. Colistin-resistant isolates were classified into 22 clonal groups, while phylogroup A (15 isolates) was the most common. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and pAmpC-producing E. coli were found in 18 and 8 samples respectively, with blaCTX-M-55 (28 isolates; 16 samples) and blaCIT (8 isolates; 7 samples) being the most common of each type. Additionally, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-65, blaSHV-27, blaOXA-5/10-like, blaDHA, blaEBC and narrow-spectrum blaTEM were detected. In addition, 5 blaCTX-M remained unidentified, and no sought ESBL-encoding gene was detected in other 6 ESBL-producer isolates. The tetA, tetE and tetX genes were found in tigecycline-resistant isolates. This study highlights the presence of MDR E. coli in Peruvian food-chain. The high relevance of CTX-M-55, the dissemination through the food-chain of pAmpC, as well as the high frequency of unrelated colistin-resistant isolates is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guibert
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - "One Health", Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067, Lima, Peru
| | - Kathya Espinoza
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - "One Health", Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067, Lima, Peru
| | - Clara Taboada-Blanco
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carla A Alonso
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosario Oporto
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - "One Health", Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067, Lima, Peru
| | - Angie K Castillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - "One Health", Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067, Lima, Peru
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Maria J Pons
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - "One Health", Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067, Lima, Peru.
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - "One Health", Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067, Lima, Peru.
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Chichón G, López M, de Toro M, Ruiz-Roldán L, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y. Spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST274 Clone in Different Niches: Resistome, Virulome, and Phylogenetic Relationship. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1561. [PMID: 37998763 PMCID: PMC10668709 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST274 is an international epidemic high-risk clone, mostly associated with hospital settings and appears to colonize cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide. To understand the relevant mechanisms for its success, the biological and genomic characteristics of 11 ST274-P. aeruginosa strains from clinical and non-clinical origins were analyzed. The extensively drug-resistant (XDR/DTR), the non-susceptible to at least one agent (modR), and the lasR-truncated (by ISPsp7) strains showed a chronic infection phenotype characterized by loss of serotype-specific antigenicity and low motility. Furthermore, the XDR/DTR and modR strains presented low pigment production and biofilm formation, which were very high in the lasR-truncated strain. Their whole genome sequences were compared with other 14 ST274-P. aeruginosa genomes available in the NCBI database, and certain associations have been primarily detected: blaOXA-486 and blaPDC-24 genes, serotype O:3, exoS+/exoU- genotype, group V of type IV pili, and pyoverdine locus class II. Other general molecular markers highlight the absence of vqsM and pldA/tleS genes and the presence of the same mutational pattern in genes involving two-component sensor-regulator systems PmrAB and CreBD, exotoxin A, quorum-sensing RhlI, beta-lactamase expression regulator AmpD, PBP1A, or FusA2 elongation factor G. The proportionated ST274-P. aeruginosa results could serve as the basis for more specific studies focused on better antibiotic stewardship and new therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chichón
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Plataforma de Genómica y Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology I2SysBio (CSIC-UV), Av. de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Fethi M, Rojo-Bezares B, Arfaoui A, Dziri R, Chichón G, Barguellil F, López M, El Asli MS, Toledano P, Ouzari HI, Sáenz Y, Klibi N. High Prevalence of GES-5 Variant and Co-Expression of VIM-2 and GES-45 among Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1394. [PMID: 37760691 PMCID: PMC10525555 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) are a global health concern. The antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and molecular typing of 57 CRPA isolated from 43 patients who attended a specific Tunisian hospital from September 2018 to July 2019 were analyzed. All but one were multidrug-resistant CRPA, and 77% were difficult-to-treat-resistant (DTR) isolates. The blaVIM-2 gene was detected in four strains (6.9%), and among the 36 blaGES-positive CRPA (62%), the blaGES-5 gene was the predominant variant (86%). Three strains co-harbored the blaVIM-2 and blaGES-45 genes, and seven CRPA carried the blaSHV-2a gene (14%). OprD alterations, including truncations by insertion sequences, were observed in 18 strains. Regarding the 46 class 1 integron-positive CRPA (81%), the blaGES-5 gene was located in integron In717, while the blaGES-29 and blaGES-45 genes were found in two new integrons (In2122 and In4879), and the blaVIM-2 gene was found in In1183 and the new integron In2142. Twenty-four PFGE patterns and thirteen sequence types (three new ones) were identified. The predominant serotype O:11 and exoU (81%) were mostly associated with ST235 and the new ST3385 clones. The seven blaSHV-2a-CRPA from different patients belonged to ST3385 and the same PFGE pattern. The blaGES-5- and blaVIM-2 + blaGES-45-positive CRPA recovered mostly from ICU patients belonged to the high-risk clone ST235. Our results highlight the alarming prevalence of blaGES-5- and ST235-CRPA, the co-existence of blaGES-45 and blaVIM-2, and their location within integrons favoring their dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Fethi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Gabriela Chichón
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Farouk Barguellil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Environment, Molecular Diagnostic Tools and Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections (LR19DN03), Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Mohamed Selim El Asli
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Environment, Molecular Diagnostic Tools and Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections (LR19DN03), Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Paula Toledano
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Hadda-Imen Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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Silva A, Silva V, López M, Rojo-Bezares B, Carvalho JA, Castro AP, Sáenz Y, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Lineages, and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Human Infections: An Emerging One Health Concern. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1248. [PMID: 37627668 PMCID: PMC10451160 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a leading nosocomial pathogen and has great versatility due to a complex interplay between antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. PA has also turned into one the most relevant model organisms for the study of biofilm-associated infections. The objective of the study focused on analyzing the antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, virulence factors, and biofilm formation ability of thirty-two isolates of PA. PA isolates were characterized by the following analyses: susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, the presence of resistance genes and virulence factors in PCR assays, and the quantification of biofilm production as evaluated by two distinct assays. Selected PA isolates were analyzed through multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Thirty PA isolates have a multi-resistant phenotype, and most of the isolates showed high levels of resistance to the tested antibiotics. Carbapenems showed the highest prevalence of resistance. Various virulence factors were detected and, for the quantification of biofilm production, the effectiveness of different methods was assessed. The microtiter plate method showed the highest accuracy and reproducibility for detecting biofilm-producing bacteria. MLST revealed four distinct sequence types (STs) in clinical PA, with three of them considered high-risk clones of PA, namely ST175, ST235, and ST244. These clones are associated with multidrug resistance and are prevalent in hospitals worldwide. Overall, the study highlights the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the presence of carbapenemase genes, the diversity of virulence factors, and the importance of biofilm formation in PA clinical isolates. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective infection control measures and the development of targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Silva
- MicroART-Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- MicroART-Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Ana Paula Castro
- Medical Center of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro E.P.E., 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- MicroART-Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (V.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Alonso CA, Choque-Matos J, Guibert F, Rojo-Bezares B, López M, Egoávil-Espejo R, Gonzales P, Valera-Krumdieck C, Pons MJ, Saénz Y, Ruiz J. First description of an infection by Acinetobacter pitti / lactucae subcomplex in Peru. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2023; 40:377-378. [PMID: 37991045 DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2023.403.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Andrea Alonso
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, España
| | - Jorge Choque-Matos
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Fernando Guibert
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - «One Health», Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, España
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, España
| | - Rocio Egoávil-Espejo
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - «One Health», Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Patricia Gonzales
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital María Auxiliadora, Lima, Perú
| | - Carmen Valera-Krumdieck
- Servicio de Patología Clínica, área de Microbiología, Hospital María Auxiliadora, Lima, Perú
| | - María J Pons
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - «One Health», Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Yolanda Saénz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, España
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - «One Health», Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
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8
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Sainz-García A, Toledano P, Muro-Fraguas I, Álvarez-Erviti L, Múgica-Vidal R, López M, Sainz-García E, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Alba-Elías F. Mask disinfection using atmospheric pressure cold plasma. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 123:145-156. [PMID: 35995313 PMCID: PMC9389523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mask usage has increased over the last few years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a mask shortage. Furthermore, their prolonged use causes skin problems related to bacterial overgrowth. To overcome these problems, atmospheric pressure cold plasma was studied as an alternative technology for mask disinfection. METHODS Different microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp.), different gases (nitrogen, argon, and air), plasma power (90-300 W), and treatment times (45 seconds to 5 minutes) were tested. RESULTS The best atmospheric pressure cold plasma treatment was the one generated by nitrogen gas at 300 W and 1.5 minutes. Testing of breathing and filtering performance and microscopic and visual analysis after one and five plasma treatment cycles, highlighted that these treatments did not affect the morphology or functional capacity of the masks. CONCLUSION Considering the above, we strongly believe that atmospheric pressure cold plasma could be an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and sustainable mask disinfection technology enabling their reusability and solving mask shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sainz-García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Paula Toledano
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Ignacio Muro-Fraguas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez-Erviti
- Molecular Neurobiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Múgica-Vidal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - María López
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Elisa Sainz-García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain,Corresponding authors: Yolanda Sáenz, Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), c/ Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain, Tel.: +34 941278868
| | - Fernando Alba-Elías
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain,Corresponding authors: Fernando Alba-Elías, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, c/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain, Tel.: +34 941299276
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9
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López M, Rojo-Bezares B, Chichón G, Sáenz Y. Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Human, Animal, Food and Environmental Origin: The Role of CrpP and Mobilizable ICEs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091271. [PMID: 36140050 PMCID: PMC9495688 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone resistance and the associated genetic mechanisms were assessed by antimicrobial susceptibility and whole genome sequencing in 56 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from human, animal, food and environmental origins. P. aeruginosa PAO1, PA7 and PA14 reference strains were also included in the study. Twenty-two strains (37%) were resistant to, at least, one fluoroquinolone agent. Correlation between the number of changes in GyrA and ParC proteins and the level of fluoroquinolone resistance was observed. Mutations or absence of genes, such as mexZ, mvaT and nalD encoding efflux pumps regulators, were also found in resistant strains. The crpP gene was detected in 43 strains (72.9%; 17 of them non-clinical strains), and coded seven different CrpP variants, including a novel one (CrpP-7). The crpP gene was located in 23 different chromosomal mobile integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), inserted in two tRNAs integration sites. A great variety of structures was detected in the crpP-ICEs elements, e.g., the fimbriae related cup clusters, the mercury resistance mer operon, the pyocin S5 or S8 bacteriocin encoding genes, and mobilization genes. The location of crpP-like genes in mobilizable ICEs and linked to heavy metal resistance and virulence factors is of significant concern in P. aeruginosa. This work provides a genetic explanation of the fluoroquinolone resistance and crpP-associated pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa from a One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.R.-B.); (Y.S.); Tel./Fax: +34-941-27-88-68
| | | | | | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.R.-B.); (Y.S.); Tel./Fax: +34-941-27-88-68
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10
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Muro-Fraguas I, Fernández-Gómez P, Múgica-Vidal R, Sainz-García A, Sainz-García E, Oliveira M, González-Raurich M, López M, Rojo-Bezares B, López M, Alba-Elías F. Durability Assessment of a Plasma-Polymerized Coating with Anti-Biofilm Activity against L. monocytogenes Subjected to Repeated Sanitization. Foods 2021; 10:2849. [PMID: 34829129 PMCID: PMC8625322 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation on food-contact surfaces is a matter of major concern causing food safety and spoilage issues to this sector. The aim of this study was to assess the durability of the anti-biofilm capacity of a plasma-polymerized coating composed of a base coating of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and a functional coating of acrylic acid (AcAc). Coated and uncoated AISI 316 stainless steel (SS) plates were subjected to five sanitization cycles with sodium hypochlorite (0.05%) and peracetic acid (0.5%). The effectiveness of the coating for the inhibition of multi-strain Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation was confirmed using a three-strain cocktail, which was grown on the SS plates at 12 °C for 6 days. Compared to the uncoated SS, relative biofilm productions of 14.6% on the non-sanitized coating, 27.9% on the coating after sanitization with sodium hypochlorite, and 82.3% on the coating after sanitization with peracetic acid were obtained. Morphological and physicochemical characterization of the coatings suggested that the greater anti-biofilm effectiveness after sanitization with sodium hypochlorite was due to the high pH of this solution, which caused a deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups of the functional coating. This fact conferred it a strong hydrophilicity and negatively charged its surface, which was favorable for preventing bacterial attachment and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Muro-Fraguas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (I.M.-F.); (A.S.-G.); (E.S.-G.); (F.A.-E.)
| | - Paula Fernández-Gómez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-G.); (M.O.); (M.G.-R.); (M.L.)
| | - Rodolfo Múgica-Vidal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (I.M.-F.); (A.S.-G.); (E.S.-G.); (F.A.-E.)
| | - Ana Sainz-García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (I.M.-F.); (A.S.-G.); (E.S.-G.); (F.A.-E.)
| | - Elisa Sainz-García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (I.M.-F.); (A.S.-G.); (E.S.-G.); (F.A.-E.)
| | - Márcia Oliveira
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-G.); (M.O.); (M.G.-R.); (M.L.)
| | - Montserrat González-Raurich
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-G.); (M.O.); (M.G.-R.); (M.L.)
| | - María López
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (M.L.); (B.R.-B.)
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (M.L.); (B.R.-B.)
| | - Mercedes López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-G.); (M.O.); (M.G.-R.); (M.L.)
| | - Fernando Alba-Elías
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (I.M.-F.); (A.S.-G.); (E.S.-G.); (F.A.-E.)
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11
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Rojo-Bezares B, Toca L, Azcona-Gutiérrez JM, Ortega-Unanue N, Toledano P, Sáenz Y. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis from invasive and non-invasive infections in Spain: combining epidemiology, molecular characterization, and genetic diversity. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1013-1021. [PMID: 33392783 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance, virulence, and genetic diversity among invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) isolates. SDSE were isolated from clinical samples of outpatients and inpatients cares in La Rioja region (Spain) during 2012-2015. The analyses performed were susceptibility testing by disc diffusion, resistance and virulence genes by PCR, emm typing by PCR and sequencing, and other molecular typing by SmaI-PFGE and MLST. Forty-two SDSE isolates were recovered (64.3% non-invasive, 35.7% invasive) that were grouped in 31 PFGE patterns, 17 ST, and 14 emm types, being stC1400, stG6792, and stG62647 the most frequent, and stC74a and stC5345 exclusive in invasive SDSE. Twenty-one SDSE were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The erm(TR) and erm(B) genes were linked with resistance to macrolides; tet(M) and tet(T) to tetracycline; dfrF to trimethoprim; ant(6)-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa to aminoglycosides; and the substitutions Asp80Ala in GyrA and Ser79Phe in ParC with resistance to levofloxacin. The sagA, slo, scpA, and ska virulence genes were amplified in 93% SDSE. Streptococcal superantigenic speGdys gene was identified in 80% of invasive and 63% of non-invasive SDSE and correlated with certain emm types (e.g., stG62647 or stG6792). SDSE invasive infections were most frequent in elderly patients, and half of our SDSE were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. This work is the first detection of tet(T), dfrF, and new substitution in GyrA protein in SDSE. A high diversity of circulating genetic lineages was found among our SDSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras Street, n° 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Laura Toca
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras Street, n° 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Ortega-Unanue
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Paula Toledano
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras Street, n° 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras Street, n° 98, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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12
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Bel Hadj Ahmed A, Salah Abbassi M, Rojo-Bezares B, Ruiz-Roldán L, Dhahri R, Mehri I, Sáenz Y, Hassen A. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various environmental niches: New STs and occurrence of antibiotic susceptible "high-risk clones". Int J Environ Health Res 2020; 30:643-652. [PMID: 31094221 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1616080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial phenotypes, major virulence factors, and the molecular typing of 66 P. aeruginosa isolates collected from various sources: human patients and hospital environment, raw milk, poultry meat, chicken/sheep fecal samples, wastewater, thermal water, and seawater. All isolates, except one, were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. exoA, lasB, rhlR, and lasR genes were harbored by 60 isolates. Forty-six, 18, and 2 isolates amplified exoS, exoU, and exoS+exoU genes, respectively. Twenty-one isolates showed high elastase and pigment production. The PFGE typing identified 26 pulsotypes. Some pulsotypes included isolates from different environmental niches and areas. Twelve selected isolates were typed by MLST and eight different STs were found, three of them were new. Our results highlighted the dissemination of some clones amongst different settings and the occurrence of antibiotic susceptible 'high-risk clones' that might be very harmful when acquiring genes encoding antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bel Hadj Ahmed
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE) , Soliman, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisie
- Faculté de médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Rabii Dhahri
- Service de rééducation physique et réadaptation fonctionelle, Complexe Sanitaire de Jebel Ouest , Zaghouan, Tunisie
| | - Ines Mehri
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE) , Soliman, Tunisie
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE) , Soliman, Tunisie
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Muro-Fraguas I, Sainz-García A, López M, Rojo-Bezares B, Múgica-Vidal R, Sainz-García E, Toledano P, Sáenz Y, González-Marcos A, Alba-Elías F. Antibiofilm coatings through atmospheric pressure plasma for 3D printed surgical instruments. Surf Coat Technol 2020; 399:126163. [PMID: 32834311 PMCID: PMC7335421 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, medical applications for 3D printing are expanding rapidly and are expected to revolutionize health care, specifically, manufacturing surgical guides and protective face mask against coronavirus (COVID-19). These instruments come in contact with the human tissues, being necessary 3D printed materials free of pathogenic microbes or other contaminants. Therefore, they must be sterilized to avoid that bacteria can attach to the surface and produce biofilm. With the aim of avoiding bacterial biofilm formation and minimize the health risks, acrylic acid (AcAc) coatings applied by plasma-polymerization have been deposited on 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) Petri dishes. Six antimicrobial-resistant clinical and two susceptible control strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus species were analyzed. AcAc coatings provide the surface with greater hydrophilicity and, consequently, the formation of a hydration layer, whose thickness is related to the surface roughness. This hydration layer could explain the reduction of bacterial attachment and, consequently, the biofilm formation. Antibiofilm coatings are more successful against P. aeruginosa strains than against S. aureus ones; due to some coatings presents a smaller topography scale than the P. aeruginosa length, reducting the contact area between the bacteria and the coating, and causing a potential rupture of the cellular membrane. AcAc coatings with less number of plasma passes were more effective, and showed up to a 50% relative biofilm reduction (in six of the eight strains studied) compared with the untreated plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Muro-Fraguas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Ana Sainz-García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - María López
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Múgica-Vidal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Elisa Sainz-García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Paula Toledano
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Ana González-Marcos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Fernando Alba-Elías
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, C/ San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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Múgica-Vidal R, Sainz-García E, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Prieto M, González-Raurich M, López M, López M, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Alba-Elías F. Production of Antibacterial Coatings Through Atmospheric Pressure Plasma: a Promising Alternative for Combatting Biofilms in the Food Industry. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chairat S, Ben Yahia H, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Torres C, Ben Slama K. High prevalence of imipenem-resistant and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Burns Hospital in Tunisia: detection of a novel class 1 integron. J Chemother 2019; 31:120-126. [PMID: 30849001 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2019.1582168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, and its eradication is very difficult due to its multidrug resistance. The objective of the present study was to characterize the metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs), integrons, OprD modifications and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients and to analyze their genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Sixty-seven P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from different clinical samples of burn patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Burn Unit of the Centre de Traumatologie et des Grands Brulés (Ben Arous, Tunisia), and MBLs and alterations in porin OprD were analyzed among imipenem-resistant isolates. Class 1 and 2 integrons were studied by PCR and sequencing of corresponding variable regions. The presence of eight genes involved in the virulence of P. aeruginosa was investigated by PCR. Fourteen of the 36 imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) isolates (38.8%) were MBLs producers and harbored the blaVIM-2 gene, in all cases included into class 1 integrons. A new class 1 integron was identified (intI1-blaOXA-10-aadB-blaVIM-2-aadB-blaOXA-10). Five sequence types were detected among IRPA isolates: ST1, ST112, ST238, ST308 and ST395. P. aeruginosa is a major nosocomial pathogen in patients suffering burns, and the spreading of multidrugs resistant and MBL-producing isolates should be controlled in burn units. Moreover, the implantation of infection control guidelines is crucial to decrease the morbidity and mortality of nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Chairat
- a Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Houssem Ben Yahia
- a Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- b Área de Microbiología Molecular , Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño , Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- b Área de Microbiología Molecular , Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño , Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- c Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de La Rioja , Logroño , Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- a Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.,d Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis , Université de Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
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Fernández-Pérez R, Sáenz Y, Rojo-Bezares B, Zarazaga M, Rodríguez JM, Torres C, Tenorio C, Ruiz-Larrea F. Production and Antimicrobial Activity of Nisin Under Enological Conditions. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1918. [PMID: 30233504 PMCID: PMC6134021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are responsible for the malolactic fermentation of wines, and, therefore, controlling the growth of these bacteria is a key factor for elaborating premium wines. Sulfur dioxide has been traditionally used as an efficient antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, however, nowadays consumers' demand tends toward a reduction of sulfur dioxide levels in wine and other fermented foods. A previous study of our research group had demonstrated the effectiveness of the bacteriocin nisin to inhibit the growth of enological LAB, and its activity had been tested in culture broths. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of controlling the growth of bacteria in wine by the use of nisin in combination with sulfur dioxide, and to study nisin production by the natural producer Lactococcus lactis LM29 under enological conditions. Our results showed that L. lactis LM29 produced nisin in the presence of 2 and 4% ethanol (v/v), while higher concentrations of ethanol fully inhibited the production of nisin. We obtained a nisin enriched active extract (NAE) from the cell-free supernatant of a culture of L. lactis LM29 in MRS broth containing 60% (v/v) sterile grape juice, and the extract was fully active in inhibiting the growth of the enological LAB tested by the microtiter method. Moreover, the nisin concentration of the obtained NAE could actually prevent the formation of an undesirable biofilm of LAB strains. Finally, our results of wine ageing under winery conditions showed that the use of 50 mg/L nisin decreased fourfold the concentration of sulfur dioxide required to prevent LAB growth in the wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Tenorio
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Fernanda Ruiz-Larrea
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
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Bellés A, Bueno J, Rojo-Bezares B, Torres C, Javier Castillo F, Sáenz Y, Seral C. Characterisation of VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from lower tract respiratory infections in a Spanish hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1847-1856. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rojo-Bezares B, Cavalié L, Dubois D, Oswald E, Torres C, Sáenz Y. Characterization of carbapenem resistance mechanisms and integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from blood samples in a French hospital. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:311-319. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laurent Cavalié
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Inserm UMR1043 – CNRS UMR5282 – INRA USC1360, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Dubois
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Inserm UMR1043 – CNRS UMR5282 – INRA USC1360, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Inserm UMR1043 – CNRS UMR5282 – INRA USC1360, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Carmen Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
- Universidad de La Rioja, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, Spain
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García C, Astocondor L, Rojo-Bezares B, Jacobs J, Sáenz Y. Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producer Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Causing Neonatal Sepsis in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:285-8. [PMID: 26643537 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to describe the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producer KP in neonatal care centers from Peru. We collected 176 non-duplicate consecutive KP isolates from blood isolates of neonates from eight general public hospitals of Lima, Peru. The overall rate of ESBL production was 73.3% (N = 129). The resistance rates were higher among ESBL-producer isolates when compared with the nonproducers: 85.3% versus 12.8% for gentamicin (P < 0.01), 59.7% versus 8.5% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P < 0.01), 45.0% versus 8.5% for ciprofloxacin (P < 0.01), and 36.4% versus 12.8% for amikacin (P < 0.01). A total of 359 β-lactamase-encoding genes were detected among 129 ESBL-producer isolates; 109 isolates (84.5%) carried two or more genes. Among 37 ESBL-producer isolates randomly selected, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-2 were the most common ESBLs detected. Most of the isolates (92%) belonged to the group KpI. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that multiple KP clones were circulating among the eight neonatal units included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralith García
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lizeth Astocondor
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Estepa V, Rojo-Bezares B, Torres C, Sáenz Y. Genetic Lineages and Antimicrobial Resistance inPseudomonasspp. Isolates Recovered from Food Samples. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:486-91. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Estepa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Estepa V, Rojo-Bezares B, Torres C, Sáenz Y. Faecal carriage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in healthy humans: antimicrobial susceptibility and global genetic lineages. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:15-9. [PMID: 25121169 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the Pseudomonas aeruginosa faecal carriage rate in 98 healthy humans and to perform the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of recovered isolates. The genetic relatedness among the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing that was compared with worldwide epidemic clones. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from eight healthy individuals (8.2%), and two of them remained colonized after 5 months (in one case by the same clone). All 10 isolates (one/sample) were susceptible to 14 tested antipseudomonal agents and lacked integron structures. Six pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and six sequence types (ST245, ST253, ST254, ST274, ST663 and the new one, ST1059) were identified among them. Four groups of OprD alterations were detected based on mutations and deletions related to PAO1 reference strain in our carbapenem-susceptible strains. This is the first study focused on P. aeruginosa from faecal samples of healthy humans that provides additional insights into the antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa. Although the isolates were antimicrobial susceptible, most of the sequence types detected were genetically related to Spanish epidemic clones or globally spread sequence types, such as ST274 and ST253.
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Ben Sallem R, Ben Slama K, Rojo-Bezares B, Porres-Osante N, Jouini A, Klibi N, Boudabous A, Sáenz Y, Torres C. IncI1 Plasmids CarryingblaCTX-M-1orblaCMY-2Genes inEscherichia colifrom Healthy Humans and Animals in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 20:495-500. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Nerea Porres-Osante
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Arana DM, Rojo-Bezares B, Torres C, Alós JI. First clinical isolate in Europe of clindamycin-resistant group B Streptococcus mediated by the lnu(B) gene. Rev Esp Quimioter 2014; 27:106-109. [PMID: 24940891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the mechanisms implicated in an unusual phenotype of resistance to macrolides-lincosamides (no halos of inhibition around clindamycin and lincomycin discs, and a 15 mm halo around erythromycin disc) in a Streptococcus agalactiae isolate recovered in Spain. The presence of macrolide or lincosamide resistance genes [erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(T), mef(A), mrs(A), lnu(A), lnu(B), lsa(B), lsa(C) and vga(C)] was investigated by PCR and sequencing. The strain showed a resistant phenotype to erythromycin and clindamycin (MIC = 2 mg/L and MIC = 8 mg/L, respectively) and the presence of lnu(B) and mef(A) genes was demonstrated. Clinical microbiology laboratories should be aware of this unusual phenotype due to the association of two mechanisms mediated by lnu(B) and mef(A) genes. This constitute, to our knowledge, the first report of lnu(B) in S. agalactiae in human isolates in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Arana
- Juan Ignacio Alós, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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Porres-Osante N, Azcona-Gutiérrez JM, Rojo-Bezares B, Undabeitia E, Torres C, Sáenz Y. Emergence of a multiresistant KPC-3 and VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli strain in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1792-5. [PMID: 24583362 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the mechanisms involved in carbapenem resistance, as well as the genetic elements supporting their mobilization, in a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolate. METHODS The E. coli isolate was obtained from a patient with fatal urinary sepsis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The E. coli molecular type and phylogroup were determined using multilocus sequence typing and the triple PCR technique, respectively. PCR and sequencing were used for virulence and resistance genotype characterization. Plasmid content and gene location were analysed by S1-PFGE, I-Ceu1-PFGE and hybridization experiments. Transformation assays were performed. RESULTS The E. coli strain, typed as ST448 and phylogroup B1, was resistant to all tested antibiotics except fosfomycin, tigecycline and tetracycline. The following resistance and virulence genetic structures were obtained: ISKpn7 + bla(KPC-3) + ISKpn6 linked to Tn4401; tnpR + aac(6')-Ib'-9 + aadA1 + bla(OXA-9) + tnpR + bla(TEM-1a) + tnpB + strB + strA + sul2; intI1 + bla(VIM-1) + aac(6')-Ib' + aphA15 + aadA1 + catB2 + qacEΔ1-sul1 + orf5; ISEcp1 + bla(CMY-2); IS26 + bla(SHV-12); aph(3')-I; aac(3)-IV; floR; catA; and fimA. Mutations in the ampC promoter (-18, -1 and +58) and substitutions in the GyrA (Ser-83→Leu and Asp-87→Asn) and ParC (Ser-80→Ile) proteins were observed. IncFII (ST2), IncA/C and ColE(TP) plasmids of 145.5, 87 and <2 kb, respectively, were found. The bla(VIM-1) gene was located in a non-typeable plasmid of >300 kb, and the bla(KPC-3) gene in the 145.5 kb IncFII plasmid. Transformant strains carried the IncFII and ColE(TP) plasmids, and the bla(KPC-3), bla(TEM-1a), bla(OXA-9), aadA1, aac(6')-Ib'-9, aac(3)-IV and floR genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the co-production of KPC-3, VIM-1, SHV-12, OXA-9 and CMY-2 in a unique clinical multiresistant E. coli isolate. The dissemination of these genes on mobile genetic elements is alarming and complicates antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Porres-Osante
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Esther Undabeitia
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Rojo-Bezares B, Estepa V, Cebollada R, de Toro M, Somalo S, Seral C, Castillo FJ, Torres C, Sáenz Y. Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from a Spanish hospital: characterization of metallo-beta-lactamases, porin OprD and integrons. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:405-14. [PMID: 24594145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular typing and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance such as alterations in porin OprD and presence of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs), as well as integrons have been studied in a collection of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) isolates from a Spanish hospital. One hundred and twenty-three CRPA isolates were recovered from different samples of 80 patients. Clonal relationship among CRPA was analyzed by SpeI-PFGE. Susceptibility testing to 11 antibiotics and MBL phenotype was determined by microdilution, IP/IPI E-test and double disc method. The oprD gene was studied by PCR and sequencing, and mutations were determined comparing with P. aeruginosa PAO1 sequence. Characterization of MBLs, and class 1 and 2 integrons were studied by PCR and sequencing. SDS-PAGE analysis of outer membrane proteins of selected strains was performed. Seventy-four-per-cent of patients with CRPA were hospitalised in the ICU setting and 50% had long hospitalization stays. Sixty-four different PFGE patterns were detected, and 87 CRPA strains were further analyzed. MBL phenotype was detected in 43 of 87 strains (49.4%), which contained blaVIM-2 gene inside class 1 integrons. VIM-2-producing strains belonged to lineages ST175, ST235, and ST973. A great diversity of nucleotide insertions, deletions, and mutations in oprD gene, and the presence of a new insertion sequence (ISPa45) truncating oprD were identified among CRPA strains. Class 1 integrons were detected in 75% of CRPA strains, blaVIM-2 and the new arrangement aac(3)-Ia+ISPa34+aadA1 (named as In661) being the most frequent gene-cassette arrays detected. Other gene cassettes detected in integrons were: aadB, aadA6, aadA7, aac(6')-Ib', and blaOXA-46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Vanesa Estepa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rocío Cebollada
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain; Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Somalo
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Cristina Seral
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Castillo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain; Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
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de Toro M, Seral C, Rojo-Bezares B, Torres C, Castillo FJ, Sáenz Y. Resistencia a antibióticos y factores de virulencia en aislados clínicos de Salmonella enterica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:4-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Portugal C, Sáenz Y, Rojo-Bezares B, Zarazaga M, Torres C, Cacho J, Ruiz-Larrea F. Brettanomyces susceptibility to antimicrobial agents used in winemaking: in vitro and practical approaches. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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de Toro M, García P, Rodríguez I, Rojo-Bezares B, Helmuth R, Sáenz Y, Rodicio MR, Guerra B, Torres C. Characterisation of plasmids implicated in the mobilisation of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase genes in clinical Salmonella enterica isolates and temporal stability of the resistance genotype. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:167-72. [PMID: 23706977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasmids implicated in the mobilisation of β-lactamase genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from three Spanish hospitals were characterised. The temporal stability of these plasmids and of the resistance phenotype without antimicrobial pressure was also assessed in the laboratory setting. The resistance determinants and their genetic environments were characterised by PCR sequencing, and their genomic location was analysed by S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and I-CeuI PFGE, followed by Southern blot hybridisation. The 11 S. enterica studied strains carried blaCTX-M-9 (serovar Virchow, 2 isolates), blaCTX-M-10 (Virchow, 2), blaCTX-M-14 (Enteritidis, 1), blaCTX-M-15 (Gnesta and S. enterica group C, 2), blaSHV-2 (Livingstone, 1), blaSHV-12 (Enteritidis, 1) and blaCMY-2 (Bredeney, 2). The ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-14-IS903 and ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15-orf477 genetic structures were detected. IncI1 and IncA/C plasmids carried blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-2, blaSHV-12 and blaCMY-2 genes. blaCTX-M-9 included in an In60 complex integron and blaCTX-M-10 linked to a phage-related element were found in non-typeable plasmids. Conjugation and temporal stability experiments were performed in vitro through daily passages (100 days) in the absence of antimicrobial pressure. In the stability experiments, 5 of the 11 tested isolates lost the ESBL or AmpC plasmidic genes and this was associated with concomitant loss of the whole or partial plasmid. In conclusion, successful plasmids belonging to different Inc groups mobilise ESBL- and AmpC-encoding genes in S. enterica. Loss of ESBL/AmpC genes in the absence of antimicrobial pressure might explain the low prevalence of these β-lactamases among Salmonella isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Toro
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Av. Madre de Dios 51, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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de Toro M, Rodríguez I, Rojo-Bezares B, Helmuth R, Torres C, Guerra B, Sáenz Y. pMdT1, a small ColE1-like plasmid mobilizing a new variant of the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1277-80. [PMID: 23361643 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize a 5.9 kb aac(6')-Ib-cr-harbouring plasmid that was detected in a clinical Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B strain. METHODS Extraction and purification of plasmid DNA and electrotransformation assays were carried out in order to obtain kanamycin-resistant transformants. MICs of several fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were determined. DNA sequencing was performed by primer walking on purified plasmid preparations. The new plasmid nucleotide sequence was analysed and compared with available sequences using bioinformatic tools. RESULTS pMdT1 is a 5.9 kb mobilizable ColE1-like plasmid that harbours aac(6')-Ib-cr4, a gene encoding a new variant of the AAC(6')-Ib-cr protein (225 amino acids). This active protein conferred resistance to tobramycin and kanamycin, and also decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in the transformant strain, as MICs demonstrated. The mobilization region, necessary for horizontal transfer and composed of the mobA, mobB, mobC and mobD genes, displayed a high degree of identity with those from representative ColE1-like plasmids. The basis of mobility (bom), oriT and origin of replication regions were also detected. Apart from the acetylase-encoding gene, three other open reading frames (ORFs) were determined. No similarities were found when the ORF1 sequence was compared with the sequences included in GenBank. The deduced ORF2 protein predicted a CopG-like structure characteristic of transcriptional regulators, and the deduced ORF3 protein was identical to macrophage stimulating factors. CONCLUSIONS The pMdT1 is the smallest mobilizable ColE1-like plasmid containing an aac(6')-Ib-cr gene that has been described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Toro
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Sallem RB, Gharsa H, Slama KB, Rojo-Bezares B, Estepa V, Porres-Osante N, Jouini A, Klibi N, Sáenz Y, Boudabous A, Torres C. First detection of CTX-M-1, CMY-2, and QnrB19 resistance mechanisms in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy pets in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:98-102. [PMID: 23289399 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze the carriage rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates in fecal samples of healthy pets (dogs and cats) and to characterize the recovered isolates for the presence of other resistance genes and integrons. Eighty fecal samples of healthy pets were inoculated in MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/mL) for cefotaxime-resistant (CTX(R)) E. coli recovery. CTX(R) E. coli isolates were detected in 14 of the 80 fecal samples (17.5%) and the following β-lactamase genes (number of isolates) were detected: bla(CTX-M-1) (8), bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-1b) (3)(,) bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-1c) (1), bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-135) (1), and bla(CMY-2)+bla(TEM-1b) (1). The 14 E. coli were distributed into the phylogroups B1 (6 isolates), A (5), and D (3). The qnrB19 gene was detected in one CTX-M-1-producing strain of phylogroup D. Five isolates contained class 1 integrons with the following arrangements: dfrA17-aadA5 (2 isolates), dfrA1-aadA1 (1), and dfrA17-aadA5/ dfrA1-aadA1 (2 isolates). The virulence genes fimA and/or aer were detected in all CTX(R) strains. In this study, the pet population harbored β-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes of special interest in human health that potentially could be transmitted to humans in close contact with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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de Toro M, Sáenz Y, Cercenado E, Rojo-Bezares B, García-Campello M, Undabeitia E, Torres C. High clonality and diversity of virulence determinants among blaPSE-positive Salmonella Typhimurim isolates recovered in three geographically distant Spanish hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:426-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ben Sallem R, Ben Slama K, Sáenz Y, Rojo-Bezares B, Estepa V, Jouini A, Gharsa H, Klibi N, Boudabous A, Torres C. Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)– and CMY-2–ProducingEscherichia coliIsolates from Healthy Food-Producing Animals in Tunisia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Vanesa Estepa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis–El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Seral C, Rojo-Bezares B, Garrido A, Gude MJ, Sáenz Y, Castillo FJ. Caracterización de Shigella sonnei portadora de CTX-M-15 en un paciente español sin antecedentes de viaje al extranjero. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:469-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Astocondor L, Saenz Y, Rojo-Bezares B, Jacobs J, Garcia C. Frequency and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal sepsis, Peru. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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de Toro M, Sáenz Y, Cercenado E, Rojo-Bezares B, García-Campello M, Undabeitia E, Torres C. Genetic characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and third-generation cephalosporins in Salmonella enterica from three Spanish hospitals. Int Microbiol 2012; 14:173-81. [PMID: 22101415 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance were characterized in 90 Salmonella enterica isolates either resistant or with intermediate resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC(R/I)) or resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (C3G(R)). These isolates were recovered in three Spanish hospitals during 2007-2009. The C3G(R) phenotype was expressed by three isolates that carried the following extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes: phage-associated bla(CTX M-10) in S. Virchow, bla(CTX-M-14a) surrounded by ISEcp1 and IS903 in S. Enteritidis, and bla(CTX-M-15) linked to ISEcp1 and orf477 in S. Gnesta (first description in this serotype). The AMC(R/I) phenotype was found in 87 isolates (79 S. Typhimurim, 7 S. Enteritidis, and one S. Thompson). The bla(PSE-1) gene, followed by bla(OXA-1) was mostly found among S. Typhimurim, and the bla(TEM-1) gene among S. Enteritidis. Three different gene combinations [bla(PSE-1) +floR+aadA2+sul+tet(G); bla(OXA-1) +catA+aadA1/strA-strB+sul+tet(B) and bla(TEM-1) + cmlA1+aadA/strA-strB+sul+tet(A)/tet(B) genes] were associated with the ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfonamides-tetracycline phenotype in 68 AMC(R/I) S. enterica isolates. Class 1 integrons were observed in 79% of the isolates and in most of them (45 isolates) two integrons including the aadA2 and bla(PSE-1) gene cassettes, respectively, were detected. The bla(OXA-1) +aadA1 arrangement was detected in 23 isolates, and the aac(6')-Ib-cr+bla(OXA-1) +catB3+arr3 in another one. Non-classic class 1 integrons were found in three isolates: dfrA12+orfF+aadA2+cmlA1+aadA1 (1 isolate), dfrA12+orfF+aadA2+ cmlA1+aadA1+qacH+IS440+sul3 (1 isolate) and dfrA12+orfF+aadA2+cmlA1+aadA1+qacH+IS440+ sul3+orf1+mef(B)Δ-IS26 (1 isolate). Taken together, these results underline the need for clinical concern regarding β-lactam resistance in Salmonella and thus for continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Toro
- Molecular Microbiology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja-CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
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Díez L, Rojo-Bezares B, Zarazaga M, Rodríguez JM, Torres C, Ruiz-Larrea F. Antimicrobial activity of pediocin PA-1 against Oenococcus oeni and other wine bacteria. Food Microbiol 2012; 31:167-72. [PMID: 22608220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediocin PA-1 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has been sufficiently well characterised to be used in food industry as a biopreservative. Sulphur dioxide is the traditional antimicrobial agent used during the winemaking process to control bacterial growth and wine spoilage. In this study, we describe the effect of pediocin PA-1 alone and in combination with sulphur dioxide and ethanol on the growth of a collection of 53 oenological LAB, 18 acetic acid bacteria and 16 yeast strains; in addition, production of pediocin PA-1 by Pediococcus acidilactici J347-29 in presence of ethanol and grape must is also reported. Inhibitory concentrations (IC) and minimal bactericide concentrations of pediocin PA-1 were determined against LAB, and revealed a bacteriostatic effect. Oenococcus oeni resulted more sensitive to pediocin PA-1 (IC(50) = 19 ng/ml) than the other LAB species (IC(50) = 312 ng/ml). Cooperative inhibitory effects of pediocin PA-1 and either sulphur dioxide or ethanol were observed on LAB growth. Moreover, the pediocin PA-1 producing P. acidilactici strain J347-29 was able to grow and produce the bacteriocin in presence of ethanol (up to 4% ethanol in the fermentation broth) and grape must (up to 80%), which indicated that pediocin PA-1 can be considered as a potential biopreservative in winemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díez
- University of La Rioja, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Av. Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Rojo-Bezares B, Martín C, López M, Torres C, Sáenz Y. First detection of blaIMI-2 gene in a clinical Escherichia coli strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:1146-7. [PMID: 22106212 PMCID: PMC3264261 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05478-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Soufi L, Sáenz Y, de Toro M, Abbassi MS, Rojo-Bezares B, Vinué L, Bouchami O, Touati A, Ben Hassen A, Hammami S, Torres C. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica recovered from poultry meat in Tunisia and identification of new genetic traits. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 12:10-6. [PMID: 21919733 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-seven Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from poultry meat in Tunisia were included in this study for characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. High percentages of resistance were detected to ampicillin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and streptomycin (32.4%-89.2%), and lower percentages to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol, and chloramphenicol (2.7%-18.9%). All strains showed susceptibility to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. Class 1 integrons were detected in 30% of Salmonella isolates, and four different gene cassette arrangements were detected, including genes implicated in resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1 and aadA2) and trimethoprim (dfrA1). Four different Pc variants (PcW, PcH1, PcH1(TTN-10), PcW(TGN-10)) with inactive P2 have been found among these isolates. Integron-positive isolates were ascribed to eight different serotypes. A Salmonella Schwarzengrund isolate harbored a new class 1 integron containing the qacH-dfrA1b-aadA1b-catB2 gene cassette arrangement, with the very unusual PcH1(TTN-10) promoter, which has been registered in GenBank (accession no. HQ874651). Different plasmid replicon types were demonstrated among integron-positive isolates: IncI1 (8 isolates), IncN (8), IncP (2), IncFIB (2), and IncFII (2). Ten different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were detected among the 11 integron-positive isolates and 8 different sequence types were identified by multilocus sequence typing, one of them (registered as ST867) was new, detected in 3 Salmonella Zanzibar isolates. A high diversity of clones is observed among poultry Salmonella isolates and a high proportion of them show a multiresistant phenotype with very diverse mobile genetic structures that could be implicated in bacterial dissemination in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soufi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
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Rojo-Bezares B, Estepa V, de Toro M, Undabeitia E, Olarte I, Torres C, Sáenz Y. A novel class 1 integron array carrying bla
VIM-2 genes and a new insertion sequence in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from a Spanish hospital. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1053-1054. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.030973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Vanesa Estepa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Inés Olarte
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Sáenz Y, Vinué L, Ruiz E, Somalo S, Martínez S, Rojo-Bezares B, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Class 1 integrons lacking qacEΔ1 and sul1 genes in Escherichia coli isolates of food, animal and human origins. Vet Microbiol 2010; 144:493-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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de Toro M, Rojo-Bezares B, Vinué L, Undabeitia E, Torres C, Sáenz Y. In vivo selection of aac(6′)-Ib-cr and mutations in the gyrA gene in a clinical qnrS1-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104B strain recovered after fluoroquinolone treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:1945-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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López M, Sáenz Y, Álvarez-Martínez MJ, Marco F, Robredo B, Rojo-Bezares B, Ruiz-Larrea F, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Tn1546 structures and multilocus sequence typing of vanA-containing enterococci of animal, human and food origin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:1570-5. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ruiz E, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Olarte I, Esteban I, Rocha-Gracia R, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Outbreak caused by a multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of new sequence type ST341 carrying new genetic environments of aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrS1 genes in a neonatal intensive care unit in Spain. Int J Med Microbiol 2010; 300:464-9. [PMID: 20547103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak due to a Klebsiella pneumoniae clone occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit of a Spanish Hospital in which three newborns were infected (all with gestational age ≤29 weeks; two of them died) and seven were colonized (gestational age >32 weeks; none died). One K. pneumoniae strain per patient was further characterized. The 10 strains showed an indistinguishable pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis pattern, were typed in the phylogenetic group KpI and were ascribed into a new sequence type registered as ST341. All 10 strains presented the same multiple-antibiotic-resistant phenotype, showed extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase production, and harbored the bla(CTX-M-15), bla(SHV-11), bla(OXA-1,)aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1, aac(3)-II, aph(3')-Ia and aadA5 resistance genes. No class 1 or class 2 integrons were detected. The bla(CTX-M-15) gene presented the following genetic environment: ISEcp1-bla(CTX-M-15)-orf477. These strains contained two copies of the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene included in the following new genetic environments: aac(3)-II-IS26-aac(6')-Ib-cr-bla(OXA-1) and aac(3)-II-IS26-ΔcatB3-bla(OXA-1)-aac(6')-Ib-cr (registered at GenBank with accession numbers GQ438247 and GQ438248, respectively). The genetic environment of the qnrS1 gene (IS26-ΔISEcl2-qnrS1) (GenBank accession number GQ438249) was also not described previously. The aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1, bla(CTX-M-15), aac(3)-II, and bla(OXA-1) genes, located in a plasmid of 33.5 kb, could be transferred to Escherichia coli by transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ruiz
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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López M, Sáenz Y, Rojo-Bezares B, Martínez S, del Campo R, Ruiz-Larrea F, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Detection of vanA and vanB2-containing enterococci from food samples in Spain, including Enterococcus faecium strains of CC17 and the new singleton ST425. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 133:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Navarro L, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Díez L, Zarazaga M, Ruiz-Larrea F, Torres C. Comparative study of the pln locus of the quorum-sensing regulated bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum J51 strain. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:390-4. [PMID: 18819721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum J51 strain was isolated from a Rioja red wine and it showed bacteriocin activity against a wide range of lactic acid bacteria of oenological importance. These characteristics conferred L. plantarum J51 a high interest both in wine microbiology and in the study of bacteriocin production. In this work the bacteriocin production regulated under the "quorum-sensing" mechanism is observed and the pln locus of the bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum J51 is fully characterized. A 20,667 bp fragment was completely sequenced (GenBank accession number DQ340868), and showed five operons (plNC8betaalphac, plnLR-like, plnABCD, plnEFI, plnGHSTUVW) and a new region containing a putative operon with three new orfs that could encode a putative two-peptide bacteriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Navarro
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Costa D, Poeta P, Sáenz Y, Vinué L, Coelho AC, Matos M, Rojo-Bezares B, Rodrigues J, Torres C. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance inEscherichia coliIsolates Recovered from Wild Animals. Microb Drug Resist 2008; 14:71-7. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2008.0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Vinué
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuela Matos
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Genética e Biotecnología, Instituto de Biotecnología e Bioengenharia, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Navarro L, Jiménez-Díaz R, Zarazaga M, Ruiz-Larrea F, Torres C. Characterization of a new organization of the plantaricin locus in the inducible bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum J23 of grape must origin. Arch Microbiol 2008; 189:491-9. [PMID: 18193201 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum J23 was previously characterized as a bacteriocin-producer-strain when it was cocultured with other lactic acid bacteria. In this work, the genetic organization of the pln locus in the J23 strain was studied and compared with those of previously described L. plantarum C11, WCFS1 and NC8 strains. A new organization of the plantaricin locus was detected in the J23 strain. The sequenced fragment (20,266 bp) comprised plnJLR, plnMNOP, plnEFI, plnGHSTUVWXY, and plNC8IF-plNC8HK-plnD operons, as well as a new region that includes three new orfs (GenBank accession number DQ323671). When the J23 pln gene sequences were compared with those included in the GenBank database, the identity of the putative encoded proteins was in the range 67.1-100%. The regulatory system and the repertoire of putative bacteriocins of the J23 pln locus presented important differences with respect to the ones of C11, WCFS1 and NC8, such as the absence of plnK and the presence of a larger plnJ gene than the previously described for the other L. plantarum strains. The pln locus in L. plantarum strains seems to be a mosaic-like structure with different modules and reorganizations that presents highly conserved regions related to transport and bacteriocin maturation and variable regions related to regulation and bacteriocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, Logroño, Spain
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48
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Poeta P, Costa D, Igrejas G, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Zarazaga M, Ruiz-Larrea F, Rodrigues J, Torres C. Characterization ofvanA-ContainingEnterococcus faeciumIsolates Carrying Tn5397-Like and Tn916/Tn1545-Like Transposons in Wild Boars (Sus Scrofa). Microb Drug Resist 2007; 13:151-6. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2007.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Poeta
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Veterinary Science Department, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Daniela Costa
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Veterinary Science Department, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Centre of Genetics and Biotechnology-University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro/Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Rodrigues
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Veterinary Science Department, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Poeta P, Costa D, Rojo-Bezares B, Zarazaga M, Klibi N, Rodrigues J, Torres C. Detection of antimicrobial activities and bacteriocin structural genes in faecal enterococci of wild animals. Microbiol Res 2007; 162:257-63. [PMID: 16872815 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The production of antimicrobial activities as well as the presence of bacteriocin structural genes (entA, entB, entP, entQ, cylL, entAS-48, bac31, and entL50A/B) were studied in 140 non-selected faecal enterococcal isolates recovered from wild animals. Eight different indicator strains (including Listeria monocytogenes, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and different enterococcal species) were used for antimicrobial activity detection. Twenty-five of the 140 enterococci (18%) showed antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and 33 additional isolates (24%) showed antimicrobial activity against other indicator strains, but Listeria. At least one bacteriocin structural gene was detected in 17 of the 25 enterococci with antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and different combinations of entA, entB, entP, entQ, entL50A/B, and cylL genes were detected; entA and entB were the most prevalent detected genes, and they were generally associated. Bacteriocin structural genes were detected in 10 of 33 isolates with antimicrobial activity against indicator strains other than Listeria, and the cylL gene was the most prevalent one, especially in E. faecalis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Poeta
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Vila Real, Portugal
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Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y, Zarazaga M, Torres C, Ruiz-Larrea F. Antimicrobial activity of nisin against Oenococcus oeni and other wine bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 116:32-6. [PMID: 17320991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin used against food spoilage bacteria. Sulphur dioxide is a potent antioxidant as well as an antimicrobial agent widely used in the wine industry. In this study we describe the effect of these important antibacterial agents on the growth of a collection of 64 lactic acid bacteria (23 Oenococcus, 29 Lactobacillus, 3 Leuconostoc and 9 Pediococcus), 23 acetic acid bacteria and 20 yeast isolates, most of them recovered from wine. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericide concentrations of nisin, potassium metabisulphite and ethanol were determined. Nisin MIC(50) values for the tested isolates were as follows: 0.024, 12.5, 200 and > or micro for oenococci, lactobacilli-pediococci-leuconostoc, acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, respectively. Synergistic effects on bacterial growth inhibition were observed, and potassium metabisulphite MIC(50) values decreased from one to three orders of dilution when it was combined with subinhibitory concentrations of nisin in the growth media. This effect was observed in all lactic acid bacteria species of our study. Significant differences in nisin sensitivity were observed between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and between Oenococcus oeni and other species of lactic acid bacteria. It is concluded that appropriate combinations of nisin and metabisulphite could control the growth of spoilage bacteria in wine and therefore allow a decrease in the levels of sulphur dioxide currently used by the wine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Department of Food and Agriculture, Faculty of Science, University of La Rioja, Av. Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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