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Meng Z, Li FL, Fang C, Yeoman B, Qiu Y, Wang Y, Cai X, Lin KC, Yang D, Luo M, Fu V, Ma X, Diao Y, Giancotti FG, Ren B, Engler AJ, Guan KL. The Hippo pathway mediates Semaphorin signaling. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl9806. [PMID: 35613278 PMCID: PMC9132450 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins were originally identified as axonal guidance molecules, but they also control processes such as vascular development and tumorigenesis. The downstream signaling cascades of Semaphorins in these biological processes remain unclear. Here, we show that the class 3 Semaphorins (SEMA3s) activate the Hippo pathway to attenuate tissue growth, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. SEMA3B restoration in lung cancer cells with SEMA3B loss of heterozygosity suppresses cancer cell growth via activating the core Hippo kinases LATS1/2 (large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2). Furthermore, SEMA3 also acts through LATS1/2 to inhibit angiogenesis. We identified p190RhoGAPs as essential partners of the SEMA3A receptor PlexinA in Hippo regulation. Upon SEMA3 treatment, PlexinA interacts with the pseudo-guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domain of p190RhoGAP and simultaneously recruits RND GTPases to activate p190RhoGAP, which then stimulates LATS1/2. Disease-associated etiological factors, such as genetic lesions and oscillatory shear, diminish Hippo pathway regulation by SEMA3. Our study thus discovers a critical role of Hippo signaling in mediating SEMA3 physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fu-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin Yeoman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yunjiang Qiu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kimberly C. Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Vivian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Regeneration Next Initiative, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Filippo G. Giancotti
- Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of GU Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10033, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Teng EL, Masutani EM, Yeoman B, Fung J, Lian R, Ngo B, Kumar A, Placone JK, Lo Sardo V, Engler AJ. High shear stress enhances endothelial permeability in the presence of the risk haplotype at 9p21.3. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:036102. [PMID: 34327295 PMCID: PMC8315817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are exceedingly common in non-coding loci, and while they are significantly associated with a myriad of diseases, their specific impact on cellular dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we show that when exposed to external stressors, the presence of risk SNPs in the 9p21.3 coronary artery disease (CAD) risk locus increases endothelial monolayer and microvessel dysfunction. Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of patients carrying the risk haplotype (R/R WT) differentiated similarly to their non-risk and isogenic knockout (R/R KO) counterparts. Monolayers exhibited greater permeability and reactive oxygen species signaling when the risk haplotype was present. Addition of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα further enhanced EC monolayer permeability but independent of risk haplotype; TNFα also did not substantially alter haplotype transcriptomes. Conversely, when wall shear stress was applied to ECs in a microfluidic vessel, R/R WT vessels were more permeable at lower shear stresses than R/R KO vessels. Transcriptomes of sheared cells clustered more by risk haplotype than by patient or clone, resulting in significant differential regulation of EC adhesion and extracellular matrix genes vs static conditions. A subset of previously identified CAD risk genes invert expression patterns in the presence of high shear concomitant with altered cell adhesion genes, vessel permeability, and endothelial erosion in the presence of the risk haplotype, suggesting that shear stress could be a regulator of non-coding loci with a key impact on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Teng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evan M Masutani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin Yeoman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Rachel Lian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Brenda Ngo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jesse K Placone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Valentina Lo Sardo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Yeoman B, Shatkin G, Beri P, Banisadr A, Katira P, Engler AJ. Adhesion strength and contractility enable metastatic cells to become adurotactic. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108816. [PMID: 33691109 PMCID: PMC7997775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant changes in cell stiffness, contractility, and adhesion, i.e., mechanotype, are observed during a variety of biological processes. Whether cell mechanics merely change as a side effect of or driver for biological processes is still unclear. Here, we sort genotypically similar metastatic cancer cells into strongly adherent (SA) versus weakly adherent (WA) phenotypes to study how contractility and adhesion differences alter the ability of cells to sense and respond to gradients in material stiffness. We observe that SA cells migrate up a stiffness gradient, or durotax, while WA cells largely ignore the gradient, i.e., adurotax. Biophysical modeling and experimental validation suggest that differences in cell migration and durotaxis between weakly and strongly adherent cells are driven by differences in intra-cellular actomyosin activity. These results provide a direct relationship between cell phenotype and durotaxis and suggest how, unlike other senescent cells, metastatic cancer cells navigate against stiffness gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Yeoman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gabriel Shatkin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pranjali Beri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Afsheen Banisadr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Parag Katira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Computational Sciences Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Banisadr A, Eick M, Beri P, Parisian AD, Yeoman B, Placone JK, Engler AJ, Furnari F. EGFRvIII uses intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to reduce glioma adhesion and increase migration. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247189. [PMID: 33243756 PMCID: PMC7774888 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of biological markers has limited our ability to identify the invasive cells responsible for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). To become migratory and invasive, cells must downregulate matrix adhesions, which could be a physical marker of invasive potential. We engineered murine astrocytes with common GBM mutations, e.g. Ink4a (Ink) or PTEN deletion and expressing a constitutively active EGF receptor truncation (EGFRvIII), to elucidate their effect on adhesion. While loss of Ink or PTEN did not affect adhesion, counterparts expressing EGFRvIII were significantly less adhesive. EGFRvIII reduced focal adhesion size and number, and these cells - with more labile adhesions - displayed enhanced migration. Regulation appears to depend not on physical receptor association to integrins but, rather, on the activity of the receptor kinase, resulting in transcriptional integrin repression. Interestingly, EGFRvIII intrinsic signals can be propagated by cytokine crosstalk to cells expressing wild-type EGFR, resulting in reduced adhesion and enhanced migration. These data identify potential intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that gliomas use to invade surrounding parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Banisadr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mariam Eick
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pranjali Beri
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Yeoman
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jesse K Placone
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Shatkin G, Yeoman B, Birmingham K, Katira P, Engler AJ. Computational models of migration modes improve our understanding of metastasis. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041505. [PMID: 33195959 PMCID: PMC7647620 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells migrate through changing microenvironments of diseased and healthy tissue, making their migration particularly challenging to describe. To better understand this process, computational models have been developed for both the ameboid and mesenchymal modes of cell migration. Here, we review various approaches that have been used to account for the physical environment's effect on cell migration in computational models, with a focus on their application to understanding cancer metastasis and the related phenomenon of durotaxis. We then discuss how mesenchymal migration models typically simulate complex cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, while ameboid migration models use a cell-focused approach that largely ignores ECM when not acting as a physical barrier. This approach greatly simplifies or ignores the mechanosensing ability of ameboid migrating cells and should be reevaluated in future models. We conclude by describing future model elements that have not been included to date but would enhance model accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Shatkin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Katherine Birmingham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Beri P, Popravko A, Yeoman B, Kumar A, Chen K, Hodzic E, Chiang A, Banisadr A, Placone JK, Carter H, Fraley SI, Katira P, Engler AJ. Cell Adhesiveness Serves as a Biophysical Marker for Metastatic Potential. Cancer Res 2019; 80:901-911. [PMID: 31857292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are heterogeneous and composed of cells with different dissemination abilities. Despite significant effort, there is no universal biological marker that serves as a metric for metastatic potential of solid tumors. Common to disseminating cells from such tumors, however, is the need to modulate their adhesion as they detach from the tumor and migrate through stroma to intravasate. Adhesion strength is heterogeneous even among cancer cells within a given population, and using a parallel plate flow chamber, we separated and sorted these populations into weakly and strongly adherent groups; when cultured under stromal conditions, this adhesion phenotype was stable over multiple days, sorting cycles, and common across all epithelial tumor lines investigated. Weakly adherent cells displayed increased migration in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration assays; this was maintained for several days in culture. Subpopulations did not show differences in expression of proteins involved in the focal adhesion complex but did exhibit intrinsic focal adhesion assembly as well as contractile differences that resulted from differential expression of genes involved in microtubules, cytoskeleton linkages, and motor activity. In human breast tumors, expression of genes associated with the weakly adherent population resulted in worse progression-free and disease-free intervals. These data suggest that adhesion strength could potentially serve as a stable marker for migration and metastatic potential within a given tumor population and that the fraction of weakly adherent cells present within a tumor could act as a physical marker for metastatic potential. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cells exhibit heterogeneity in adhesivity, which can be used to predict metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Beri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anna Popravko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Benjamin Yeoman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Enio Hodzic
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alyssa Chiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Afsheen Banisadr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jesse K Placone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hannah Carter
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephanie I Fraley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Parag Katira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
- Computational Sciences Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
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Leyendecker W, Morisi G, Yeoman B. Quality maintenance programme for lead and cadmium monitoring in blood by atomic absorption spectrometry in the framework of biological survey of population. Ann Ist Super Sanita 1983; 19:589-95. [PMID: 6544583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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