1
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Betancourtt C, Catalán AM, Morales-Torres DF, Lopez DN, Escares-Aguilera V, Salas-Yanquin LP, Büchner-Miranda JA, Chaparro OR, Nimptsch J, Broitman BR, Valdivia N. Transient species driving ecosystem multifunctionality: Insights from competitive interactions between rocky intertidal mussels. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106422. [PMID: 38437777 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic biodiversity loss poses a significant threat to ecosystem functioning worldwide. Numerically dominant and locally rare (i.e., transient) species are key components of biodiversity, but their contribution to multiple ecosystem functions (i.e., multifunctionality) has been seldomly assessed in marine ecosystems. To fill this gap, here we analyze the effects of a dominant and a transient species on ecosystem multifunctionality. In an observational study conducted along ca. 200 km of the southeastern Pacific coast, the purple mussel Perumytilus purpuratus numerically dominated the mid-intertidal and the dwarf mussel Semimytilus patagonicus exhibited low abundances but higher recruitment rates. In laboratory experiments, the relative abundances of both species were manipulated to simulate the replacement of P. purpuratus by S. patagonicus and five proxies for ecosystem functions-rates of clearance, oxygen consumption, total biodeposit, organic biodeposit, and excretion-were analyzed. This replacement had a positive, linear, and significant effect on the combined ecosystem functions, particularly oxygen consumption and excretion rates. Accordingly, S. patagonicus could well drive ecosystem functioning given favorable environmental conditions for its recovery from rarity. Our study highlights therefore the key role of transient species for ecosystem performance. Improving our understanding of these dynamics is crucial for effective ecosystem conservation, especially in the current scenario of biological extinctions and invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Betancourtt
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Alexis M Catalán
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, CIEP, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Diego F Morales-Torres
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniela N Lopez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Escares-Aguilera
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis P Salas-Yanquin
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Sisal, Mexico
| | - Joseline A Büchner-Miranda
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Oscar R Chaparro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge Nimptsch
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Chile; Núcleo Milenio UPWELL, Chile; Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile
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2
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Gonzalez‐Aragon D, Rivadeneira MM, Lara C, Torres FI, Vásquez JA, Broitman BR. A species distribution model of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera: Worldwide changes and a focus on the Southeast Pacific. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10901. [PMID: 38435006 PMCID: PMC10905252 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide climate-driven shifts in the distribution of species is of special concern when it involves habitat-forming species. In the coastal environment, large Laminarian algae-kelps-form key coastal ecosystems that support complex and diverse food webs. Among kelps, Macrocystis pyrifera is the most widely distributed habitat-forming species and provides essential ecosystem services. This study aimed to establish the main drivers of future distributional changes on a global scale and use them to predict future habitat suitability. Using species distribution models (SDM), we examined the changes in global distribution of M. pyrifera under different emission scenarios with a focus on the Southeast Pacific shores. To constrain the drivers of our simulations to the most important factors controlling kelp forest distribution across spatial scales, we explored a suite of environmental variables and validated the predictions derived from the SDMs. Minimum sea surface temperature was the single most important variable explaining the global distribution of suitable habitat for M. pyrifera. Under different climate change scenarios, we always observed a decrease of suitable habitat at low latitudes, while an increase was detected in other regions, mostly at high latitudes. Along the Southeast Pacific, we observed an upper range contraction of -17.08° S of latitude for 2090-2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario, implying a loss of habitat suitability throughout the coast of Peru and poleward to -27.83° S in Chile. Along the area of Northern Chile where a complete habitat loss is predicted by our model, natural stands are under heavy exploitation. The loss of habitat suitability will take place worldwide: Significant impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are likely. Furthermore, changes in habitat suitability are a harbinger of massive impacts in the socio-ecological systems of the Southeast Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez‐Aragon
- Doctorado en Ciencias, mención en Biodiversidad y Biorecursos, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónConcepcionChile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecología Costera (SECOS)SantiagoChile
- Núcleo Milenio UPWELL
| | - Marcelo M. Rivadeneira
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas ÁridasCoquimboChile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del NorteCoquimboChile
| | - Carlos Lara
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónConcepcionChile
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y SustentabilidadUniversidad Bernardo O'HigginsSantiagoChile
| | - Felipe I. Torres
- Doctorado en Ciencias, mención en Biodiversidad y Biorecursos, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónConcepcionChile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecología Costera (SECOS)SantiagoChile
- Data Observatory Foundation, ANID Technology Center No. DO210001SantiagoChile
| | - Julio A. Vásquez
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecología Costera (SECOS)SantiagoChile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del NorteCoquimboChile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA)CoquimboChile
| | - Bernardo R. Broitman
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecología Costera (SECOS)SantiagoChile
- Núcleo Milenio UPWELL
- Facultad de Artes LiberalesUniversidad Adolfo IbañezViña Del MarChile
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3
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Molina-Montenegro MA, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Ballesteros GI, Baldelomar M, Torres-Díaz C, Broitman BR, Vázquez DP. Electromagnetic fields disrupt the pollination service by honeybees. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh1455. [PMID: 37172085 PMCID: PMC10181175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effect that electromagnetic field (EMF) exerts on honeybees' pollination efficiency using field and laboratory experiments. First, we measured levels of gene and protein expression in metabolic pathways involved in stress and behavioral responses elicited by EMF. Second, we assessed the effect of EMF on honeybee behavior and seed production by the honeybee-pollinated California poppy and, lastly, by measuring the consequences of pollination failure on plants' community richness and abundance. EMF exposure exerted strong physiological stress on honeybees as shown by the enhanced expression of heat-shock proteins and genes involved in antioxidant activity and affected the expression levels of behavior-related genes. Moreover, California poppy individuals growing near EMF received fewer honeybee visits and produced fewer seeds than plants growing far from EMF. Last, we found a hump-shaped relationship between EMF and plant species richness and plant abundance. Our study provides conclusive evidence of detrimental impacts of EMF on honeybee's pollination behavior, leading to negative effects on plant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I), Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gabriel I. Ballesteros
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I), Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mariela Baldelomar
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa (CEI), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (BCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Bernardo R. Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Diego P. Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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4
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Peluso L, Broitman BR, Lardies MA, Nespolo RF, Saenz-Agudelo P. Comparative population genetics of congeneric limpets across a biogeographic transition zone reveals common patterns of genetic structure and demographic history. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37161893 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of genetic diversity is often heterogeneous in space, and it usually correlates with environmental transitions or historical processes that affect demography. The coast of Chile encompasses two biogeographic provinces and spans a broad environmental gradient together with oceanographic processes linked to coastal topography that can affect species' genetic diversity. Here, we evaluated the genetic connectivity and historical demography of four Scurria limpets, S. scurra, S. variabilis, S. ceciliana and S. araucana, between ca. 19° S and 53° S in the Chilean coast using genome-wide SNPs markers. Genetic structure varied among species which was evidenced by species-specific breaks together with two shared breaks. One of the shared breaks was located at 22-25° S and was observed in S. araucana and S. variabilis, while the second break around 31-34° S was shared by three Scurria species. Interestingly, the identified genetic breaks are also shared with other low-disperser invertebrates. Demographic histories show bottlenecks in S. scurra and S. araucana populations and recent population expansion in all species. The shared genetic breaks can be linked to oceanographic features acting as soft barriers to dispersal and also to historical climate, evidencing the utility of comparing multiple and sympatric species to understand the influence of a particular seascape on genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Peluso
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute SECOS, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus UPWELL, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute SECOS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto F Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus LiLi, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Saenz-Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus NUTME, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Catalán AM, López DN, Fica-Rojas E, Broitman BR, Valdivia N, Scrosati RA. Foundation species canopies affect understory beta diversity differently depending on species mobility. Ecology 2023; 104:e3999. [PMID: 36799413 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Beta diversity measures the spatial variation in species composition. Because it influences several community attributes, studies are increasingly investigating its drivers. Spatial environmental heterogeneity is a major determinant of beta diversity, but canopy-forming foundation species can locally modify environmental properties. We used intertidal communities dominated by the canopy-forming alga Mazzaella laminarioides as a model system to examine how a foundation species affects spatial environmental heterogeneity and the resulting beta diversity. Since canopies were found to reduce the spatial variation of temperature and desiccation during low tides, we hypothesized that canopies would decrease understory beta diversity, which we tested through a field experiment that contrasted canopy removal with presence treatments over 32 months. The beta diversity of sessile species was always lower under canopies, but canopies never affected the beta diversity of mobile species. The observed responses for sessile species may result from their abundance being more dependent on spatial abiotic variation than for mobile species, which can occur in stressful areas while temporarily foraging or in transit to other areas. These responses may likely apply to other systems exhibiting canopy-forming foundation species hosting sessile and mobile species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Catalán
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniela N López
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Eliseo Fica-Rojas
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ricardo A Scrosati
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
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6
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Fica-Rojas E, Catalán AM, Broitman BR, Pérez-Matus A, Valdivia N. Independent Effects of Species Removal and Asynchrony on Invariability of an Intertidal Rocky Shore Community. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.866950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological stability depends on interactions between different levels of biological organization. The insurance effects occur when increasing species diversity leads to more temporally invariable (i.e., more stable) community-level properties, due in part to asynchronous population-level fluctuations. While the study of insurance effects has received considerable attention, the role of dominant species that contribute with particular functional traits across different level of organizations is less understood. Using a field-based manipulative experiment, we investigated how species richness and different types of parameters at the population level, such as the invariability of dominants, population invariability, and population asynchrony, influence the community invariability. The experiment involved the repetitive removal of the canopy forming alga Mazzaella laminarioides (hereafter “Mazzaella”) during 32 months in two rocky intertidal sites of northern-central Chile. We predicted that the invariability of dominants enhances community invariability, that the effect of multispecies population-level parameters on community invariability are dependent on species richness, and that subdominant algae are unable to fully compensate the loss of canopies of the dominant species. Biomass of algae and mobile invertebrates was quantified over time. We observed independent effects of Mazzaella removal and community-wide asynchrony on community invariability. While canopy removal reduced community invariability, population asynchrony boosted community invariability regardless of the presence of canopies. In addition, filamentous and foliose algae were unable to compensate the loss of biomass triggered by the experimental removal of Mazzaella. Canopy removal led to a severe decrement in the biomass of macrograzers, while, at the same time, increased the biomass of mesograzers. Asynchrony stemmed from compensatory trophic responses of mesograzers to increased abundances of opportunistic algae. Thus, further work on consumer-resource interactions will improve our understanding of the links between population- and community-level aspects of stability.
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7
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Saenz‐Agudelo P, Peluso L, Nespolo R, Broitman BR, Haye PA, Lardies MA. Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure of
Scurria
limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the South Eastern Pacific. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8888. [PMID: 35571762 PMCID: PMC9078047 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- ANID‐ Millennium Science Initiative Nucleus (NUTME) Las Cruces Chile
| | - Lívia Peluso
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Ecología y Evolución Escuela de Graduados Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Roberto Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- ANID‐ Millennium Science Initiative Nucleus (LiLi) Valdivia Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) Santiago Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio) Santiago Chile
| | - Bernardo R. Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Santiago Chile
- ANID‐ Millennium Science Initiative Nucleus UPWELL Santiago Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecología Costera (SECOS) Santiago Chile
| | - Pilar A. Haye
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecología Costera (SECOS) Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina Universidad Católica del Norte Coquimbo Chile
| | - Marco A. Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Santiago Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecología Costera (SECOS) Santiago Chile
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8
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Navarrete SA, Barahona M, Weidberg N, Broitman BR. Climate change in the coastal ocean: shifts in pelagic productivity and regionally diverging dynamics of coastal ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212772. [PMID: 35259989 PMCID: PMC8914614 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change has led to intensification and poleward migration of the Southeastern Pacific Anticyclone, forcing diverging regions of increasing, equatorward and decreasing, poleward coastal phytoplankton productivity along the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem, and a transition zone around 31° S. Using a 20-year dataset of barnacle larval recruitment and adult abundances, we show that striking increases in larval arrival have occurred since 1999 in the region of higher productivity, while slower but significantly negative trends dominate poleward of 30° S, where years of recruitment failure are now common. Rapid increases in benthic adults result from fast recruitment-stock feedbacks following increased recruitment. Slower population declines in the decreased productivity region may result from aging but still reproducing adults that provide temporary insurance against population collapses. Thus, in this region of the ocean where surface waters have been cooling down, climate change is transforming coastal pelagic and benthic ecosystems through altering primary productivity, which seems to propagate up the food web at rates modulated by stock-recruitment feedbacks and storage effects. Slower effects of downward productivity warn us that poleward stocks may be closer to collapse than current abundances may suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces, Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), and Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reefs (NUTME), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Coastal Socio-Ecology (SECOS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Barahona
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces, Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), and Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reefs (NUTME), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Nucleo Milenio UPWELL, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Nicolas Weidberg
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces, Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), and Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reefs (NUTME), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Millennium Institute for Coastal Socio-Ecology (SECOS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Nucleo Milenio UPWELL, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
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9
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Curra-Sánchez ED, Lara C, Cornejo-D'Ottone M, Nimptsch J, Aguayo M, Broitman BR, Saldías GS, Vargas CA. Contrasting land-uses in two small river basins impact the colored dissolved organic matter concentration and carbonate system along a river-coastal ocean continuum. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150435. [PMID: 34583070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have led to an increase in land use change, with effects on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. The impact of contrasting land uses along river basins on the concentration of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) reaching the coastal zone, and its relationship with the carbonate system of the adjacent coastal ocean, is poorly known. To understand the relationship between land use change, CDOM and its influence on the carbonate system, two watersheds with contrasting land uses in southern Chile were studied. The samples were collected at eight stations between river and adjacent coastal areas, during three sampling campaigns in the austral summer and spring. Chemical and biological samples were analyzed in the laboratory according to standard protocols. Landsat 8 satellite images of the study area were used for identification and supervised classification using remote sensing tools. The Yaldad River basin showed 82% of native forest and the Colu River basin around 38% of grassland (agriculture). Low total alkalinity (AT) and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), but high CDOM proportions were typically observed in freshwater. A higher CDOM and humic-like compounds concentration was observed along the river-coastal ocean continuum in the Yaldad basin, characterized by a predominance of native forests. In contrast, nutrient concentrations, AT and DIC, were higher in the Colu area. Low CaCO3 saturation state (ΩAr < 2) and even undersaturation conditions were observed at the coastal ocean at Yaldad. A strong negative correlation between AT, DIC and ΩAr with CDOM/fDOM, suggested the influence of terrestrial material on the seawater carbon chemistry. Our results provide robust evidence that land uses in river basins can influence CDOM/fDOM proportion and its influence on the carbonate chemistry of the adjacent coastal, with potential implications for the shellfish farming activity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Curra-Sánchez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales, Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros y Cambio Ambiental Global (ECCALab), Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Lara
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Nimptsch
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio de Bioensayos y Limnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mauricio Aguayo
- Departamento de Planificación Territorial, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Gonzalo S Saldías
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian A Vargas
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros y Cambio Ambiental Global (ECCALab), Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Mangano MC, Berlino M, Corbari L, Milisenda G, Lucchese M, Terzo S, Bosch-Belmar M, Azaza MS, Babarro JMF, Bakiu R, Broitman BR, Buschmann AH, Christofoletti R, Dong Y, Glamuzina B, Luthman O, Makridis P, Nogueira AJA, Palomo MG, Dineshram R, Sanchez-Jerez P, Sevgili H, Troell M, AbouelFadl KY, Azra MN, Britz P, Carrington E, Celić I, Choi F, Qin C, Dionísio MA, Dobroslavić T, Galli P, Giannetto D, Grabowski JH, Helmuth B, Lebata-Ramos MJH, Lim PT, Liu Y, Llorens SM, Mirto S, Pećarević M, Pita C, Ragg N, Ravagnan E, Saidi D, Schultz K, Shaltout M, Tan SH, Thiyagarajan V, Sarà G. The aquaculture supply chain in the time of covid-19 pandemic: Vulnerability, resilience, solutions and priorities at the global scale. Environ Sci Policy 2022; 127:98-110. [PMID: 34720746 PMCID: PMC8548891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mangano
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Berlino
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - L Corbari
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Milisenda
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Lucchese
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - S Terzo
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Fernando Stagno d'Alcontres 3, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - M Bosch-Belmar
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M S Azaza
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Science and Technology, 2025 Salammbo, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - J M F Babarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - R Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirane, Albania
| | - B R Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar Chile & Millenium Institute for Coastal Socio-Ecology (SECOS), Chile
| | - A H Buschmann
- Centro i-mar & CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - R Christofoletti
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/IMar), Brazil
| | - Y Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - B Glamuzina
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - O Luthman
- School of Natural Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P Makridis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio Achaias 26504, Greece
| | - A J A Nogueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M G Palomo
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology, Natural History Museum of Argentina, CONICET, Argentina
| | - R Dineshram
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - P Sanchez-Jerez
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante. Ap.C. 99. Spain
| | - H Sevgili
- Fisheries Application and Research Center & Department of Aquaculture, Eğirdir Faculty of Fisheries, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Çünür, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden and Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Y AbouelFadl
- Aquatic ecology Department, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - M N Azra
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - P Britz
- Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - E Carrington
- Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - I Celić
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - F Choi
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - C Qin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | - M A Dionísio
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T Dobroslavić
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - P Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - D Giannetto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıktı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - J H Grabowski
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - B Helmuth
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - M J H Lebata-Ramos
- Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo 5021, Philippines
| | - P T Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, 16310 Bachok Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Y Liu
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - S M Llorens
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - S Mirto
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAS-CNR), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Pećarević
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - C Pita
- International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, United Kingdom
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, Aquaculture Group, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - E Ravagnan
- NORCE Climate&Environment, Nygårdsgaten 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - D Saidi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and life, Department of Water and Environment, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria
| | - K Schultz
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - M Shaltout
- Faculty of Science, Department of Oceanography, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S H Tan
- Centre For Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - V Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - G Sarà
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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11
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Valdivia N, López DN, Fica‐Rojas E, Catalán AM, Aguilera MA, Araya M, Betancourtt C, Burgos‐Andrade K, Carvajal‐Baldeon T, Escares V, Gartenstein S, Grossmann M, Gutiérrez B, Kotta J, Morales‐Torres DF, Riedemann‐Saldivia B, Rodríguez SM, Velasco‐Charpentier C, Villalobos VI, Broitman BR. Stability of rocky intertidal communities, in response to species removal, varies across spatial scales. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Valdivia
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL) Santiago Chile
| | - Daniela N. López
- Inst. de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Univ. Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Eliseo Fica‐Rojas
- Inst. de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Alexis M. Catalán
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Moisés A. Aguilera
- Depto de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Univ. Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal Las Torres Santiago Chile
| | - Marjorie Araya
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL) Santiago Chile
| | - Claudia Betancourtt
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Katherine Burgos‐Andrade
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Thais Carvajal‐Baldeon
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Valentina Escares
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Simon Gartenstein
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Mariana Grossmann
- Inst. de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Bárbara Gutiérrez
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Inst., Univ. of Tartu Tallinn Estonia
| | - Diego F. Morales‐Torres
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Bárbara Riedemann‐Saldivia
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Sara M. Rodríguez
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | | | - Vicente I. Villalobos
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Bernardo R. Broitman
- Depto de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Univ. Adolfo Ibáñez Viña del Mar Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio‐Ecologia Costera (SECOS) & Núcleo Milenio UPWELL
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12
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Broitman BR, Lagos NA, Opitz T, Figueroa D, Maldonado K, Ricote N, Lardies MA. Phenotypic plasticity is not a cline: Thermal physiology of an intertidal barnacle over 20° of latitude. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1961-1972. [PMID: 33942301 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the plastic and evolutionary potential of ectothermic organisms and their populational impacts in the face of rapid global change remains limited. Studies attempting on the relationship between the magnitude of thermal variability across latitude and the degree of phenotypic plasticity exhibited by marine ectotherms are inconclusive. We state that the latter arises from the narrow range of thermal variability captured by the limited span of the latitudinal gradients studied to date. Using a mechanistic ecophysiological approach and a satellite-based assessment of the relevant environmental variables (i.e. temperature and food availability), we studied individuals of the intertidal barnacle Jehlius cirratus from seven local populations widely spread along the Humboldt current system that spanning two biogeographic regions. At the same time, we synthesized published information on the local abundance of our study species across a total of 76 sites representing 20° of latitude, and spanning from 18 to 42°S. We examined the effects of latitude and environmental variability on metabolic rate plasticity, thermal tolerance (thermal breadth and thermal safety margins) and their impacts on the abundance of this widespread marine invertebrate. We demonstrate that the phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rate in J. cirratus populations is not related to latitude. In turn, thermal breadth is explained by the temperature variability each population experiences. Furthermore, we found clinal variation with a poleward decrease of the critical thermal minimum, suggesting that episodic extreme low temperatures represent a ubiquitous selective force on the lower thermal limit for ectotherms. Across our study gradient, plasticity patterns indicate that populations at the equatorial extreme are more vulnerable to a warming climate, while populations located in the biogeographic transitional zone (i.e. high environmental heterogeneity), on the centre of the gradient, display higher levels of phenotypic plasticity and may represent a genetic buffer for the effects of ocean warming. Together, our results suggest the existence of a fitness trade-off involving the metabolic cost of plasticity and population density that is evident only across the vast latitudinal gradient examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R Broitman
- Facultad de Artes Liberales, Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago & Viña del Mar, Chile.,Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera 'SECOS', Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera 'SECOS', Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tania Opitz
- Dirección de Investigación y Publicaciones, Providencia, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Figueroa
- Facultad de Artes Liberales, Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago & Viña del Mar, Chile.,Fundación Educación y Ciencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin Maldonado
- Facultad de Artes Liberales, Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago & Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Natalia Ricote
- Facultad de Artes Liberales, Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago & Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Facultad de Artes Liberales, Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago & Viña del Mar, Chile.,Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera 'SECOS', Santiago, Chile
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13
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Ramajo L, Valladares M, Astudillo O, Fernández C, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Watt-Arévalo P, Núñez M, Grenier C, Román R, Aguayo P, Lardies MA, Broitman BR, Tapia P, Tapia C. Upwelling intensity modulates the fitness and physiological performance of coastal species: Implications for the aquaculture of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus in the Humboldt Current System. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:140949. [PMID: 32758743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how marine species cope with the natural environmental variability of their native habitats will provide significant information about their sensitivity to the potential environmental changes driven by climate change. In particular, marine species inhabiting upwelling ecosystems are experiencing low seawater temperatures, as well as, acidic and low oxygen conditions as a consequence of the nature of the deep upwelled waters. Our study is focused on one of the most important socio-economical resources of the Humboldt Current System (HCS): the scallop Argopecten purpuratus which has been historically subjected to intensive aquaculture in areas influenced by upwelling processes. Here, a long-term field experiment was performed to understand how tolerant and well-locally-adapted is A. purpuratus to upwelling conditions by studying a set of fitness, physiological, and biomineralogical traits. Stronger upwelling generated a minor water column stratification, with lower temperatures, pH, and oxygen conditions. On the contrary, as upwelling weakened, temperature, pH, and oxygen availability increased. Finally, upwelling intensity also determined the number, duration, and intensity of the cooling and de-oxygenation events occurring in A. purpuratus habitat, as well as, the food availability (chlorophyll-a concentration, Chl-a). Physiologically, A. purpuratus was able to cope with stressful environmental conditions imposed by higher upwelling intensities by enhancing its metabolic and calcification rates, as well, producing higher concentrations of the shell organic matter. These physiological changes impacted the total energy budget, which was highly dependent on Chl-a concentration, and revealed important traits trade-offs with significant fitness costs (higher mortalities emerged when longer and more intense upwelling events succeed). Our study increases the knowledge about the physiological performance and tolerance of this important resource to the ocean acidification and ocean-deoxygenation imposed by variable upwelling intensities, as well as, its potential vulnerability under future changing conditions driven by a potential upwelling intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramajo
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile.
| | - María Valladares
- Centro de Innovación Acuícola AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Orlando Astudillo
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Carolina Fernández
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Paul Watt-Arévalo
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile
| | - Manuel Núñez
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Grenier
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Román
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulina Aguayo
- Department of Aquatic System, Faculty of Environmental Sciences & Environmental Sciences Center EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Lurgi M, Galiana N, Broitman BR, Kéfi S, Wieters EA, Navarrete SA. Geographical variation of multiplex ecological networks in marine intertidal communities. Ecology 2020; 101:e03165. [PMID: 32798321 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of geographical variation in species distributions, and the resulting community structure, constitutes one of the grandest challenges in ecology. Geographical patterns of species richness and composition have been relatively well studied. Less is known about how the entire set of trophic and non-trophic ecological interactions, and the complex networks that they create by gluing species together in complex communities, change across geographical extents. Here, we compiled data of species composition and three types of ecological interactions occurring between species in rocky intertidal communities across a large spatial extent (~970 km of shoreline) of central Chile, and analyzed the geographical variability in these multiplex networks (i.e., comprising several interaction types) of ecological interactions. We calculated nine network summary statistics common across interaction types, and additional network attributes specific to each of the different types of interactions. We then investigated potential environmental drivers of this multivariate network organization. These included variation in sea surface temperature and coastal upwelling, the main drivers of productivity in nearshore waters. Our results suggest that structural properties of multiplex ecological networks are affected by local species richness and modulated by factors influencing productivity and environmental predictability. Our results show that non-trophic negative interactions are more sensitive to spatially structured temporal environmental variation than feeding relationships, with non-trophic positive interactions being the least labile to it. We also show that environmental effects are partly mediated through changes in species richness and partly through direct influences on species interactions, probably associated to changes in environmental predictability and to bottom-up nutrient availability. Our findings highlight the need for a comprehensive picture of ecological interactions and their geographical variability if we are to predict potential effects of environmental changes on ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lurgi
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS-Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France.,Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Núria Galiana
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS-Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales & Bioengineering Innovation Center, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Padre Hurtado 750, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sonia Kéfi
- ISEM, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Univ. Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Evie A Wieters
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, LINC Global, Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Osvaldo Marín 1672, Las Cruces, V Región, 2690000, Chile
| | - Sergio A Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, LINC Global, Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Osvaldo Marín 1672, Las Cruces, V Región, 2690000, Chile
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15
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Aguilera MA, Valdivia N, Broitman BR, Jenkins SR, Navarrete SA. Novel co-occurrence of functionally redundant consumers induced by range expansion alters community structure. Ecology 2020; 101:e03150. [PMID: 32730670 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is shifting the geographic distributions of some species, potentially imposing rapid changes in local community structure and ecosystem functioning. Besides changes in population-level interspecific interactions, such range shifts may also cause changes in functional structure within the host assemblages, which can result in losses or gains in ecosystem functions. Because consumer-resource dynamics are central to community regulation, functional reorganization driven by introduction of new consumer species can have large consequences on ecosystem functions. Here we experimentally examine the extent to which the recent poleward range expansion of the intertidal grazer limpet Scurria viridula along the coast of Chile has altered the role of the resident congeneric limpet S. zebrina, and whether the net collective impacts, and functional structure, of the entire herbivore guild have been modified by the introduction of this new member. We examined the functional role of Scurria species in controlling ephemeral algal cover, bare rock availability, and species richness and diversity, and compared the effects in the region of range overlap against their respective "native" abutted ranges. Experiments showed depression of per capita effects of the range-expanded species within the region of overlap, suggesting environmental conditions negatively affect individual performance. In contrast, effects of S. zebrina were commonly invariant at its range edge. When comparing single species versus polycultures, effects on bare rock cover were altered by the presence of the other Scurria species, suggesting competition between Scurria species. Importantly, although the magnitude of S. viridula effects at the range overlap was reduced, its addition to the herbivore guild seems to complement and intensify the role of the guild in reducing green algal cover, species richness and increasing bare space provision. Our study thus highlights that range expansion of an herbivore can modify the functional guild structure in the recipient community. It also highlights the complexity of predicting how functional structure may change in the face of natural or human-induced range expansions. There is a need for more field-based examination of regional functional compensation, complementarity, or inhibition before we can construct a conceptual framework to anticipate the consequences of species range expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, 5110236, Chile.,Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña de Mar, Chile
| | - Stuart R Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Sergio A Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces, Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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Freilich MA, Wieters E, Broitman BR, Marquet PA, Navarrete SA. Species co-occurrence networks: Can they reveal trophic and non-trophic interactions in ecological communities? Ecology 2018; 99:690-699. [PMID: 29336480 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurrence methods are increasingly utilized in ecology to infer networks of species interactions where detailed knowledge based on empirical studies is difficult to obtain. Their use is particularly common, but not restricted to, microbial networks constructed from metagenomic analyses. In this study, we test the efficacy of this procedure by comparing an inferred network constructed using spatially intensive co-occurrence data from the rocky intertidal zone in central Chile to a well-resolved, empirically based, species interaction network from the same region. We evaluated the overlap in the information provided by each network and the extent to which there is a bias for co-occurrence data to better detect known trophic or non-trophic, positive or negative interactions. We found a poor correspondence between the co-occurrence network and the known species interactions with overall sensitivity (probability of true link detection) equal to 0.469, and specificity (true non-interaction) equal to 0.527. The ability to detect interactions varied with interaction type. Positive non-trophic interactions such as commensalism and facilitation were detected at the highest rates. These results demonstrate that co-occurrence networks do not represent classical ecological networks in which interactions are defined by direct observations or experimental manipulations. Co-occurrence networks provide information about the joint spatial effects of environmental conditions, recruitment, and, to some extent, biotic interactions, and among the latter, they tend to better detect niche-expanding positive non-trophic interactions. Detection of links (sensitivity or specificity) was not higher for well-known intertidal keystone species than for the rest of consumers in the community. Thus, as observed in previous empirical and theoretical studies, patterns of interactions in co-occurrence networks must be interpreted with caution, especially when extending interaction-based ecological theory to interpret network variability and stability. Co-occurrence networks may be particularly valuable for analysis of community dynamics that blends interactions and environment, rather than pairwise interactions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Freilich
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, C.P. 6513677, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evie Wieters
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Departamento de Ecología, Center for Marine Conservation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Ossandon 877, Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, C.P. 6513677, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaíso (ISCV), Artillería 470, Cerro Artillería, Valparaiso, Chile
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Centro de Cambio Global (PUCGlobal), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Alameda 340, C.P. 6513677, Santiago, Chile
- The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501, USA
| | - Sergio A Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Departamento de Ecología, Center for Marine Conservation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Centro de Cambio Global (PUCGlobal), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Alameda 340, C.P. 6513677, Santiago, Chile
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Valdivia N, Segovia-Rivera V, Fica E, Bonta CC, Aguilera MA, Broitman BR. Context-dependent functional dispersion across similar ranges of trait space covered by intertidal rocky shore communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1882-1891. [PMID: 28331595 PMCID: PMC5355202 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional diversity is intimately linked with community assembly processes, but its large‐scale patterns of variation are often not well understood. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal changes in multiple trait dimensions (“trait space”) along vertical intertidal environmental stress gradients and across a landscape scale. We predicted that the range of the trait space covered by local assemblages (i.e., functional richness) and the dispersion in trait abundances (i.e., functional dispersion) should increase from high‐ to low‐intertidal elevations, due to the decreasing influence of environmental filtering. The abundance of macrobenthic algae and invertebrates was estimated at four rocky shores spanning ca. 200 km of the coast over a 36‐month period. Functional richness and dispersion were contrasted against matrix‐swap models to remove any confounding effect of species richness on functional diversity. Random‐slope models showed that functional richness and dispersion significantly increased from high‐ to low‐intertidal heights, demonstrating that under harsh environmental conditions, the assemblages comprised similar abundances of functionally similar species (i.e., trait convergence), while that under milder conditions, the assemblages encompassed differing abundances of functionally dissimilar species (i.e., trait divergence). According to the Akaike information criteria, the relationship between local environmental stress and functional richness was persistent across sites and sampling times, while functional dispersion varied significantly. Environmental filtering therefore has persistent effects on the range of trait space covered by these assemblages, but context‐dependent effects on the abundances of trait combinations within such range. Our results further suggest that natural and/or anthropogenic factors might have significant effects on the relative abundance of functional traits, despite that no trait addition or extinction is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL) Valdivia Chile
| | - Viviana Segovia-Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Eliseo Fica
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - César C Bonta
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Moisés A Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología Marina Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad Católica del Norte Coquimbo Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA) Universidad Católica del Norte Coquimbo Chile
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Helmuth B, Choi F, Matzelle A, Torossian JL, Morello SL, Mislan KAS, Yamane L, Strickland D, Szathmary PL, Gilman SE, Tockstein A, Hilbish TJ, Burrows MT, Power AM, Gosling E, Mieszkowska N, Harley CDG, Nishizaki M, Carrington E, Menge B, Petes L, Foley MM, Johnson A, Poole M, Noble MM, Richmond EL, Robart M, Robinson J, Sapp J, Sones J, Broitman BR, Denny MW, Mach KJ, Miller LP, O'Donnell M, Ross P, Hofmann GE, Zippay M, Blanchette C, Macfarlan JA, Carpizo-Ituarte E, Ruttenberg B, Peña Mejía CE, McQuaid CD, Lathlean J, Monaco CJ, Nicastro KR, Zardi G. Long-term, high frequency in situ measurements of intertidal mussel bed temperatures using biomimetic sensors. Sci Data 2016; 3:160087. [PMID: 27727238 PMCID: PMC5058338 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At a proximal level, the physiological impacts of global climate change on ectothermic organisms are manifest as changes in body temperatures. Especially for plants and animals exposed to direct solar radiation, body temperatures can be substantially different from air temperatures. We deployed biomimetic sensors that approximate the thermal characteristics of intertidal mussels at 71 sites worldwide, from 1998-present. Loggers recorded temperatures at 10–30 min intervals nearly continuously at multiple intertidal elevations. Comparisons against direct measurements of mussel tissue temperature indicated errors of ~2.0–2.5 °C, during daily fluctuations that often exceeded 15°–20 °C. Geographic patterns in thermal stress based on biomimetic logger measurements were generally far more complex than anticipated based only on ‘habitat-level’ measurements of air or sea surface temperature. This unique data set provides an opportunity to link physiological measurements with spatially- and temporally-explicit field observations of body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Helmuth
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, Massachusetts 01908, USA
| | - Francis Choi
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, Massachusetts 01908, USA
| | - Allison Matzelle
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, Massachusetts 01908, USA
| | - Jessica L Torossian
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, Massachusetts 01908, USA
| | | | - K A S Mislan
- University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Yamane
- University of California, Davis, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Denise Strickland
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - P Lauren Szathmary
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Sarah E Gilman
- W.M. Keck Science Department of Claremont McKenna, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - Alyson Tockstein
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Thomas J Hilbish
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Michael T Burrows
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Anne Marie Power, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Gosling
- School of Life Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Nova Mieszkowska
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Christopher D G Harley
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Michael Nishizaki
- University of Washington, Department of Biology, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Emily Carrington
- University of Washington, Department of Biology, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Bruce Menge
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Laura Petes
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Melissa M Foley
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Angela Johnson
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Megan Poole
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Mae M Noble
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Erin L Richmond
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Matt Robart
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Jonathan Robinson
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Jerod Sapp
- Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Jackie Sones
- University of California, Davis, Bodega Marine Reserve, Bodega Bay, California 94923, USA
| | | | - Mark W Denny
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA
| | - Katharine J Mach
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA
| | - Luke P Miller
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA
| | - Philip Ross
- University of Waikato, Environmental Research Institute, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- University of California Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Mackenzie Zippay
- University of California Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Carol Blanchette
- University of California Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J A Macfarlan
- University of California Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Eugenio Carpizo-Ituarte
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Ruttenberg
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Carlos E Peña Mejía
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Justin Lathlean
- Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Cristián J Monaco
- Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo Zardi
- Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Aguilera MA, Broitman BR, Thiel M. Artificial breakwaters as garbage bins: Structural complexity enhances anthropogenic litter accumulation in marine intertidal habitats. Environ Pollut 2016; 214:737-747. [PMID: 27149151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coastal urban infrastructures are proliferating across the world, but knowledge about their emergent impacts is still limited. Here, we provide evidence that urban artificial reefs have a high potential to accumulate the diverse forms of litter originating from anthropogenic activities around cities. We test the hypothesis that the structural complexity of urban breakwaters, when compared with adjacent natural rocky intertidal habitats, is a driver of anthropogenic litter accumulation. We determined litter abundances at seven sites (cities) and estimated the structural complexity in both urban breakwaters and adjacent natural habitats from northern to central Chile, spanning a latitudinal gradient of ∼15° (18°S to 33°S). Anthropogenic litter density was significantly higher in coastal breakwaters when compared to natural habitats (∼15.1 items m(-2) on artificial reefs versus 7.4 items m(-2) in natural habitats) at all study sites, a pattern that was temporally persistent. Different litter categories were more abundant on the artificial reefs than in natural habitats, with local human population density and breakwater extension contributing to increase the probabilities of litter occurrence by ∼10%. In addition, structural complexity was about two-fold higher on artificial reefs, with anthropogenic litter density being highest at intermediate levels of structural complexity. Therefore, the spatial structure characteristic of artificial reefs seems to enhance anthropogenic litter accumulation, also leading to higher residence time and degradation potential. Our study highlights the interaction between coastal urban habitat modification by establishment of artificial reefs, and pollution. This emergent phenomenon is an important issue to be considered in future management plans and the engineering of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
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Aguilera MA, Valdivia N, Broitman BR. Facilitative Effect of a Generalist Herbivore on the Recovery of a Perennial Alga: Consequences for Persistence at the Edge of Their Geographic Range. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146069. [PMID: 26716986 PMCID: PMC4696856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of consumers on the abundance, growth rate, recovery and persistence of their resources across their distributional range can shed light on the role of trophic interactions in determining species range shifts. Here, we examined if consumptive effects of the intertidal grazer Scurria viridula positively influences the abundance and recovery from disturbances of the alga Mazzaella laminarioides at the edge of its geographic distributions in northern-central Chilean rocky shores. Through field experiments conducted at a site in the region where M. laminarioides overlaps with the polar range edge of S. viridula, we estimated the effects of grazing on different life stages of M. laminarioides. We also used long-term abundance surveys conducted across ~700 km of the shore to evaluate co-occurrence patterns of the study species across their range overlap. We found that S. viridula had positive net effects on M. laminarioides by increasing its cover and re-growth from perennial basal crusts. Probability of occurrence of M. laminarioides increased significantly with increasing density of S. viridula across the range overlap. The negative effect of S. viridula on the percentage cover of opportunistic green algae—shown to compete for space with corticated algae—suggests that competitive release may be part of the mechanism driving the positive effect of the limpet on the abundance and recovery from disturbance of M. laminarioides. We suggest that grazer populations contribute to enhance the abundance of M. laminarioides, facilitating its recolonization and persistence at its distributional range edge. Our study highlights that indirect facilitation can determine the recovery and persistence of a resource at the limit of its distribution, and may well contribute to the ecological mechanisms governing species distributions and range shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A. Aguilera
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n,Valdivia, Chile
| | - Bernardo R. Broitman
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
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Aguilera MA, Valdivia N, Broitman BR. Herbivore-Alga Interaction Strength Influences Spatial Heterogeneity in a Kelp-Dominated Intertidal Community. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137287. [PMID: 26360294 PMCID: PMC4567380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general consensus that marine herbivores can affect algal species composition and abundance, but little empirical work exists on the role of herbivores as modifiers of the spatial structure of resource assemblages. Here, we test the consumption/bulldozing effects of the molluscan grazer Enoplochiton niger and its influence on the spatial structure of a low intertidal community dominated by the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica and the kelp Lessonia spicata. Through field experiments conducted at a rocky intertidal shore in north-central Chile (~30°-32°S), the edge of the grazer and algae geographic distributions, we estimated the strength and variability of consumptive effects of the grazer on different functional group of algae. We also used data from abundance field surveys to evaluate spatial co-occurrence patterns of the study species. Exclusion-enclosure experiments showed that E. niger maintained primary space available by preventing algal colonization, even of large brown algae species. The grazing activity of E. niger also reduced spatial heterogeneity of the ephemeral algal species, increasing bare space availability and variability through time in similar ways to those observed for the collective effect with other grazers. Overall, our result suggests that E. niger can be considered an important modifier of the spatial structure of the large brown algae-dominated community. Effects of E. niger on resource variability seem to be directly related to its foraging patterns, large body size, and population densities, which are all relevant factors for management and conservation of the large brown algae community. Our study thus highlights the importance of considering functional roles and identity of generalist consumers on spatial structure of the entire landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A. Aguilera
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n,Valdivia, Chile
| | - Bernardo R. Broitman
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
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Aguilera MA, Broitman BR, Thiel M. Spatial variability in community composition on a granite breakwater versus natural rocky shores: lack of microhabitats suppresses intertidal biodiversity. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 87:257-268. [PMID: 25103901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Strong differences have been observed between the assemblages on artificial reefs and on natural hard-bottom habitats worldwide, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause contrasting biodiversity patterns. We examined the influence of spatial attributes in relation to both biogenic and topographic microhabitats, in the distribution and composition of intertidal species on both artificial and natural reefs. We found higher small-scale spatial heterogeneity on the natural reef compared with the study breakwater. Species richness and diversity were associated with a higher availability of crevices, rock pools and mussels in natural habitats. Spatial distribution of certain grazers corresponded well with the spatial structure of microhabitats. In contrast, the lack of microhabitats on the breakwater resulted in the absence of several grazers reflected in lower species richness. Biogenic and topographic microhabitats can have interactive effects providing niche opportunities for multiple species, explaining differences in species diversity between artificial versus natural reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Aguilera
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
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Valdivia N, González AE, Manzur T, Broitman BR. Mesoscale variation of mechanisms contributing to stability in rocky shore communities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54159. [PMID: 23326592 PMCID: PMC3543366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental fluctuations can generate asynchronous species' fluctuations and community stability, due to compensatory dynamics of species with different environmental tolerances. We tested this hypothesis in intertidal hard-bottom communities of north-central Chile, where a persistent upwelling centre maintains a mosaic in sea surface temperatures (SST) over 10s of kilometres along the shore. Coastal upwelling implies colder and temporally more stable SST relative to downstream sites. Uni- and multivariate analyses of multiyear timeseries of SST and species abundances showed more asynchronous fluctuations and higher stability in sites characterised by warmer and more variable SST. Nevertheless, these effects were weakened after including data obtained in sites affected by less persistent upwelling centres. Further, dominant species were more stable in sites exposed to high SST variability. The strength of other processes that can influence community stability, chiefly statistical averaging and overyielding, did not vary significantly between SST regimes. Our results provide observational evidence supporting the idea that exogenously driven compensatory dynamics and the stabilising effects of dominant species can determine the stability of ecosystems facing environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Valdivia
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos Calfuco, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
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Montecinos A, Broitman BR, Faugeron S, Haye PA, Tellier F, Guillemin ML. Species replacement along a linear coastal habitat: phylogeography and speciation in the red alga Mazzaella laminarioides along the south east Pacific. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:97. [PMID: 22731925 PMCID: PMC3483259 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chilean shoreline, a nearly strait line of coast expanding across 35 latitudinal degrees, represents an interesting region to assess historical processes using phylogeographic analyses. Stretching along the temperate section of the East Pacific margin, the region is characterized by intense geologic activity and has experienced drastic geomorphological transformations linked to eustatic and isostatic changes during the Quaternary. In this study, we used two molecular markers to evaluate the existence of phylogeographic discontinuities and detect the genetic footprints of Pleistocene glaciations among Patagonian populations of Mazzaella laminarioides, a low-dispersal benthic intertidal red seaweed that inhabits along ~3,700 km of the Chilean coastal rocky shore. Results Three main genetic lineages were found within M. laminarioides. They are distributed along the Chilean coast in strict parapatry. The deep divergence among lineages suggests that they could be considered putative genetic sibling species. Unexpectedly, genetic breaks were not strictly concordant with the biogeographic breaks described in the region. A Northern lineage was restricted to a broad transition zone located between 30°S and 33°S and showed signals of a recent bottleneck. The reduction of population size could be related to warm events linked to El Niño Southern Oscillation, which is known to cause massive seaweed mortality in this region. To the south, we propose that transient habitat discontinuities driven by episodic tectonic uplifting of the shoreline around the Arauco region (37°S-38°S); one of the most active forearc-basins in the South East Pacific; could be at the origin of the Central/South genetic break. The large beaches, located around 38°S, are likely to contribute to the lineages’ integrity by limiting present gene flow. Finally, the Southern lineage, occupies an area affected by ice-cover during the last glaciations. Phylogeny suggested it is a derived clade and demographic analyses showed the lineage has a typical signature of postglacial recolonization from a northern glacial refugium area. Conclusions Even if environmental adaptation could have strengthened divergence among lineages in M. laminarioides, low dispersal capacity and small population size are sufficient to generate phylogeographic discontinuities determined by genetic drift alone. Interestingly, our results confirm that seaweed population connectivity over large geographic scales does not rely only on dispersal capacity but also seem to depend highly on substratum availability and population density of the receiving locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Montecinos
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Molina-Montenegro MA, Cleland EE, Watts SM, Broitman BR. Can a breakdown in competition-colonization tradeoffs help explain the success of exotic species in the California flora? OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.18943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Helmuth B, Broitman BR, Yamane L, Gilman SE, Mach K, Mislan KAS, Denny MW. Organismal climatology: analyzing environmental variability at scales relevant to physiological stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:995-1003. [PMID: 20190124 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.038463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Predicting when, where and with what magnitude climate change is likely to affect the fitness, abundance and distribution of organisms and the functioning of ecosystems has emerged as a high priority for scientists and resource managers. However, even in cases where we have detailed knowledge of current species' range boundaries, we often do not understand what, if any, aspects of weather and climate act to set these limits. This shortcoming significantly curtails our capacity to predict potential future range shifts in response to climate change, especially since the factors that set range boundaries under those novel conditions may be different from those that set limits today. We quantitatively examine a nine-year time series of temperature records relevant to the body temperatures of intertidal mussels as measured using biomimetic sensors. Specifically, we explore how a 'climatology' of body temperatures, as opposed to long-term records of habitat-level parameters such as air and water temperatures, can be used to extrapolate meaningful spatial and temporal patterns of physiological stress. Using different metrics that correspond to various aspects of physiological stress (seasonal means, cumulative temperature and the return time of extremes) we show that these potential environmental stressors do not always occur in synchrony with one another. Our analysis also shows that patterns of animal temperature are not well correlated with simple, commonly used metrics such as air temperature. Detailed physiological studies can provide guidance to predicting the effects of global climate change on natural ecosystems but only if we concomitantly record, archive and model environmental signals at appropriate scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Helmuth
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Studies of the impacts of climate and climate change on biological systems often attempt to correlate ecological responses with basin-scale indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, such correlations, while useful for detecting long-term trends, are unable to provide a mechanism linking the physical environment and ecological processes. Here we evaluate the effects of the NAO on recruitment variability of rocky intertidal invertebrates in the North Atlantic examining two possible climate-related pathways. Using a highly conservative test we interpret associations with the NAO integrated over a season (three months) as an indicator of atmospheric effects on newly settled recruits (NAO3), and the effects of the NAO integrated over six months (NAO6) as an indicator of changes in ocean circulation affecting patterns of larval transport. Through an extensive literature survey we found 13 time series, restricted to southwest Ireland and Britain and comprising five species, that could be used for statistical analysis. Significant correlations with NAO3, our proxy for atmospheric effects, were observed in the south-central domain of our study region (southwest Ireland and south England). Significant correlations with NAO6, the proxy for ocean circulation effects, were detected on southwest Ireland. The associations were detected for three (two barnacles and a topshell) at two sites. These results suggest that the NAO can have effects on the recruitment of intertidal invertebrates through different pathways linked to climate and be distributed heterogeneously in space. Based on previous evidence and the sign and geographic location of significant correlations, we suggest that winter NAO effects are likely to occur as a result of effects on the survival of early life stages settling during spring or through changes in phenology. Our results argue that a combination of modeling and synthesis can be used to generate hypotheses regarding the effects of climate on recruitment and aid in the design of field-based tests of explicit ecological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R Broitman
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, State Street 735, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA.
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Bozinovic F, Rojas JM, Broitman BR, Vásquez RA. Basal metabolism is correlated with habitat productivity among populations of degus (Octodon degus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:560-4. [PMID: 19162212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several competing hypotheses attempt to explain how environmental conditions affect mass-independent basal metabolic rate (BMR) in mammals. One of the most inclusive is the hypothesis that associates BMR with food habits, including habitat productivity. The effects of food habits have been widely investigated at the interspecific level, and variation between individuals and populations has been largely ignored. Intraspecific analysis of physiological traits has the potential to compensate for many pitfalls associated with interspecific analyses and serve as a useful approach for evaluating hypotheses regarding metabolic adaptation. Here we tested the effects of climatic variables (mean annual rainfall=PP, mean annual temperature=T(A)), net primary productivity (NPP) and the de Martonne index (DMi) of aridity on mass-independent BMR among four populations of the caviomorph rodent Octodon degus along a geographic gradient in Chile. BMR was measured on animals maintained in a common garden acclimation set-up, thus kept under the same environment and diet quality for at least 6 months. Mass-independent BMR was significantly different among degu populations showing a large intraspecific spread in metabolic rates. A very large fraction of interpopulational variability in mass-independent BMR was explained by NPP, PP and DMi. Our results were conclusive about the effects of habitat productivity on setting the level of mass-independent BMR at the intraspecific-interpopulational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bozinovic
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile.
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Navarrete SA, Broitman BR, Menge BA. Interhemispheric comparison of recruitment to intertidal communities: pattern persistence and scales of variation. Ecology 2008; 89:1308-22. [PMID: 18543624 DOI: 10.1890/07-0728.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment variation can be a major source of fluctuation in populations and communities, making it difficult to generalize results. Determining the scales of variation and whether spatial patterns in the supply of individuals are persistent over time can provide insight into spatial generality and the application of conservation and metacommunity models. We examined these issues using eight-year-long data sets of monthly recruitment of intertidal mussels (Mytilus spp., Perumytilus purpuratus, Semimytilus algosus, Brachidontes granulata) and barnacles (Balanus glandula, Chthamalus dalli, Jehlius cirratus, Notochthamalus scabrosus) at sites spanning > 900 km along the coasts of Oregon-northern California (OR-NCA, 45.47-39.43 degrees N) and central Chile (CC, 29.5-34.65 degrees S). We evaluated four general "null" hypotheses: that despite different phylogenies and great spatial separation of these taxa, their similar life history strategies and environmental settings lead to similar patterns of recruitment (1) between hemispheres, (2) in time, (3) in space, and (4) at larger and smaller spatial scales. Hypothesis 1 was rejected: along the OR-NCA coast, rates of recruitment were between two and three orders of magnitude higher, and patterns of seasonality were generally stronger and more coherent across space and time than along CC. Surprisingly, however, further analysis revealed regularities in both time and space for all species, supporting hypotheses 2 and 3. Temporal decorrelation scales were 1-3 months, and characteristic spatial scales of recruitment were approximately 250 km. Contrary to hypothesis 4, for the ecologically dominant species in both hemispheres, recruitment was remarkably persistent at larger mesoscales (kilometers) but was highly stochastic at smaller microscales (meters). Across species, increased recruitment variation at large scales was positively associated with increased persistence. Our results have several implications. Although the two regions span distinct latitudinal ranges, potential forcing processes behind these patterns include similar large-scale climates and topographically locked hydrographic features, such as upwelling. Further, spatial persistence of the recruitment patterns of most species at the mesoscale supports the view that marine protected areas can be powerful conservation and management tools. Finally, persistent and yet contrasting spatial patterns of recruitment among competing species suggest that recent metacommunity models might provide useful representations of the mechanisms involved in species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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Lagos NA, Castilla JC, Broitman BR. SPATIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATES OF INTERTIDAL RECRUITMENT: A TEST USING BARNACLES IN NORTHERN CHILE. ECOL MONOGR 2008. [DOI: 10.1890/07-0041.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Del Sontro TS, Leifer I, Luyendyk BP, Broitman BR. Beach tar accumulation, transport mechanisms, and sources of variability at Coal Oil Point, California. Mar Pollut Bull 2007; 54:1461-71. [PMID: 17631358 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new field method for tar quantification was used at Coal Oil Point (COP), California to study the mechanisms transporting oil/tar from the nearby COP natural marine hydrocarbon seep field. This method segregates tar pieces into six size classes and assigns them an average mass based on laboratory or direct field measurements. Tar accumulation on the 19,927m(2) survey area was well resolved spatially by recording tar mass along twelve transects segmented into 4-m(2) blocks and then integrating over the survey area. A seasonal trend was apparent in total tar in which summer accumulations were an order of magnitude higher than winter accumulations. Based on multiple regression analyses between environmental data and tar accumulation, 34% of tar variability is explained by a combination of onshore advection via wind and low swell height inhibiting slick dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya S Del Sontro
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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32
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Helmuth B, Broitman BR, Blanchette CA, Gilman S, Halpin P, Harley CDG, O'Donnell MJ, Hofmann GE, Menge B, Strickland D. MOSAIC PATTERNS OF THERMAL STRESS IN THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE. ECOL MONOGR 2006. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0461:mpotsi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Global-scale changes in anthropogenic nutrient input into marine ecosystems via terrestrial runoff, coupled with widespread predator removal via fishing, have created greater urgency for understanding the relative role of top-down versus bottom-up control of food web dynamics. Yet recent large-scale studies of community regulation in marine ecosystems have shown dramatically different results that leave this issue largely unresolved. We combined a multiyear, large-scale data set of species abundances for 46 species in kelp forests from the California Channel Islands with satellite-derived primary production and found that top-down control explains 7- to 10-fold more of the variance in abundance of bottom and mid-trophic levels than does bottom-up control. This top-down control was propagated via a variety of species-level direct and indirect responses to predator abundance. Management of top-down influences such as fishing may be more important in coastal marine ecosystems, particularly in kelp forest systems, than is commonly thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.
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Navarrete SA, Wieters EA, Broitman BR, Castilla JC. Scales of benthic-pelagic coupling and the intensity of species interactions: from recruitment limitation to top-down control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:18046-51. [PMID: 16332959 PMCID: PMC1312419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509119102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large and usually unpredictable variation in species interaction strength has been a major roadblock to applying local experimental results to large-scale management and conservation issues. Recent studies explicitly considering benthic-pelagic coupling are starting to shed light on, and find regularities in, the causes of such large-scale variation in coastal ecosystems. Here, we evaluate the effects of variation in wind-driven upwelling on community regulation along 900 km of coastline of the southeastern Pacific, between 29 degrees S and 35 degrees S during 72 months. Variability in the intensity of upwelling occurring over tens of km produced predictable variation in recruitment of intertidal mussels, but not barnacles, and did not affect patterns of community structure. In contrast, sharp discontinuities in upwelling regimes produced abrupt and persistent breaks in the dynamics of benthic and pelagic communities over hundreds of km (regional) scales. Rates of mussel and barnacle recruitment changed sharply at approximately 32 degrees -33 degrees S, determining a geographic break in adult abundance of these competitively dominant species. Analysis of satellite images demonstrates that regional-scale discontinuities in oceanographic regimes can couple benthic and pelagic systems, as evidenced by coincident breaks in dynamics and concentration of offshore surface chlorophyll-a. Field experiments showed that the paradigm of top-down control of intertidal benthic communities holds only south of the discontinuity. To the north, populations seem recruitment-limited, and predators have negligible effects, despite attaining similarly high abundances and potential predation effects across the region. Thus, geographically discontinuous oceanographic regimes set bounds to the strength of species interactions and define distinct regions for the design and implementation of sustainable management and conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
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