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Goertz L, Hohenstatt S, Vollherbst DF, Weyland CS, Nikoubashman O, Styczen H, Gronemann C, Weiss D, Kaschner M, Pflaeging M, Siebert E, Zopfs D, Kottlors J, Pennig L, Schlamann M, Bohner G, Liebig T, Turowski B, Dorn F, Deuschl C, Wiesmann M, Möhlenbruch MA, Kabbasch C. Safety and efficacy of coated flow diverters in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a retrospective multicenter study. J Neurointerv Surg 2024:jnis-2024-021516. [PMID: 38569886 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2024-021516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This multicenter study evaluated the safety and efficacy of coated flow diverters (cFDs) for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS Consecutive patients treated with different cFDs for ruptured aneurysms under tirofiban at eight neurovascular centers between 2016 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The majority of patients were loaded with dual antiplatelet therapy after the treatment. Aneurysm occlusion was determined using the O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading scale. Primary outcome measures were major procedural complications and aneurysmal rebleeding during hospitalization. RESULTS The study included 60 aneurysms (posterior circulation: 28 (47%)) with a mean size of 5.8±4.7 mm. Aneurysm morphology was saccular in 28 (47%), blister-like in 12 (20%), dissecting in 13 (22%), and fusiform in 7 (12%). Technical success was 100% with a mean of 1.1 cFDs implanted per aneurysm. Adjunctive coiling was performed in 11 (18%) aneurysms. Immediate contrast retention was observed in 45 (75%) aneurysms. There was 1 (2%) major procedural complication (a major stroke, eventually leading to death) and no aneurysmal rebleeding. A good outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2) was achieved in 40 (67%) patients. At a mean follow-up of 6 months, 27/34 (79%) aneurysms were completely occluded (OKM D), 3/34 (9%) had an entry remnant (OKM C), and 4/34 (12%) had residual filling (OKM A or B). There was 1 (3%) severe in-stent stenosis during follow-up that was treated with balloon angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of ruptured aneurysms with cFDs was reasonably safe and efficient and thus represents a valid treatment option, especially for complex cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Goertz
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophia Hohenstatt
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik F Vollherbst
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Omid Nikoubashman
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanna Styczen
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Weiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Kaschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Muriel Pflaeging
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Eberhard Siebert
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Berlin (Charité), Berlin, Germany
| | - David Zopfs
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan Kottlors
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lenhard Pennig
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Bohner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Berlin (Charité), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebig
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus A Möhlenbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kabbasch
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
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Weiss D, Lang H, Rubbert C, Jannusch K, Kaschner M, Ivan VL, Caspers J, Turowski B, Jansen R, Lee JI, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Gliem M. Diagnostic Value of Perfusion Parameters for Differentiation of Underlying Etiology in Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions. Clin Neuroradiol 2024; 34:219-227. [PMID: 37884790 PMCID: PMC10881783 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-023-01349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Occlusions of the internal carotid artery (ICA) may be caused by dissection, embolic or macroangiopathic pathogenesis, which partially influences the treatment; however, inferring the underlying etiology in computed tomography angiography can be challenging. In this study, we investigated whether computed tomography perfusion (CT-P) parameters could be used to distinguish between etiologies. METHODS Patients who received CT‑P in acute ischemic stroke due to ICA occlusion between 2012 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Group comparisons between etiologies regarding the ratios of CT‑P parameters between both hemispheres for relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), time to maximum (Tmax), and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated by one-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared by pairwise Bonferroni post hoc tests. An receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed if differences in group comparisons were found. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) including pretherapeutic parameters was calculated for etiologies. RESULTS In this study 69 patients (age = 70 ± 14 years, dissection = 10, 14.5%, embolic = 19, 27.5% and macroangiopathic = 40, 58.0%) were included. Group differences in ANOVA were only found for MTT ratio (p = 0.003, η2 = 0.164). In the post hoc test, MTT ratio showed a differentiability between embolic and macroangiopathic occlusions (p = 0.002). ROC analysis for differentiating embolic and macroangiopathic ICA occlusions based on MTT ratio showed an AUC of 0.77 (p < 0.001, CI = 0.65-0.89) and a cut-off was yielded at a value of 1.15 for the MTT ratio (sensitivity 73%, specificity 68%). The MLR showed an overall good model performance. CONCLUSION It was possible to differentiate between patients with embolic and macroangiopathic ICA occlusions based on MTT ratios and to define a corresponding cut-off. Differentiation from patients with dissection versus the other etiologies was not possible by CT‑P parameters in our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Henrik Lang
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Jannusch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Kaschner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien Lorena Ivan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robin Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John-Ih Lee
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Günther Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Goertz L, Zopfs D, Pennig L, Zaeske C, Timmer M, Turowski B, Kaschner M, Borggrefe J, Schönfeld M, Schlamann M, Kabbasch C. Comparative Analysis of the Low-Profile Acclino Stent and the Enterprise Stent for the Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2024; 182:e517-e524. [PMID: 38043742 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In preliminary studies, advanced intracranial stents appear to have a favorable safety profile for intracranial aneurysm treatment. This dual-center study is a head-to-head comparison of the low-profile Acandis Acclino stent (a third-generation stent) and the first- and second-generation Enterprise stent. METHODS Patients who underwent stent-assisted coiling with either the Enterprise or the Acclino stent for unruptured aneurysms during an 8-year period were enrolled and compared for complications, clinical outcomes, and angiographic results. Primary outcome measures were ischemic stroke rate and mid-term complete occlusion rate. Propensity score adjustment was performed to account for small differences between the groups. RESULTS Enterprise and Acclino stents were used in 48 cases each. The overall rate of thrombotic complications was higher in the Enterprise group than in the Acclino group (20.8% vs. 4.2%, HR: 6.6, 95%CI: 2.2-20.0, P = 0.01, adjusted P < 0.01), which translated into a higher rate of major ischemic stroke after Enterprise treatment (6.3% vs. 0%, HR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.8-2.4, P = 0.08, adjusted P < 0.01). Mid-term and long-term angiographic follow-up showed complete occlusion rates of 83.3% and 75.0% for Enterprise and 89.2% and 75.9% for Acclino (both P > 0.05). Retreatment rates were 10.4% in the Enterprise group and 4.2% in the Acclino group (P = 0.42, adjusted P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a favorable safety profile of the Acclino over the Enterprise, justifying the use of advanced stent systems in clinical practice. However, further comparative studies of the Acclino and other competing stent systems are needed to draw a definitive conclusion on the state of stent-assisted coiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Goertz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - David Zopfs
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lenhard Pennig
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte Zaeske
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Timmer
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Kaschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum Campus Minden, Minden, Germany
| | - Michael Schönfeld
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Kabbasch
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Tillmanns N, Lost J, Tabor J, Vasandani S, Vetsa S, Marianayagam N, Yalcin K, Erson-Omay EZ, von Reppert M, Jekel L, Merkaj S, Ramakrishnan D, Avesta A, de Oliveira Santo ID, Jin L, Huttner A, Bousabarah K, Ikuta I, Lin M, Aneja S, Turowski B, Aboian M, Moliterno J. Application of novel PACS-based informatics platform to identify imaging based predictors of CDKN2A allelic status in glioblastomas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22942. [PMID: 38135704 PMCID: PMC10746716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas with CDKN2A mutations are known to have worse prognosis but imaging features of these gliomas are unknown. Our goal is to identify CDKN2A specific qualitative imaging biomarkers in glioblastomas using a new informatics workflow that enables rapid analysis of qualitative imaging features with Visually AcceSAble Rembrandtr Images (VASARI) for large datasets in PACS. Sixty nine patients undergoing GBM resection with CDKN2A status determined by whole-exome sequencing were included. GBMs on magnetic resonance images were automatically 3D segmented using deep learning algorithms incorporated within PACS. VASARI features were assessed using FHIR forms integrated within PACS. GBMs without CDKN2A alterations were significantly larger (64 vs. 30%, p = 0.007) compared to tumors with homozygous deletion (HOMDEL) and heterozygous loss (HETLOSS). Lesions larger than 8 cm were four times more likely to have no CDKN2A alteration (OR: 4.3; 95% CI 1.5-12.1; p < 0.001). We developed a novel integrated PACS informatics platform for the assessment of GBM molecular subtypes and show that tumors with HOMDEL are more likely to have radiographic evidence of pial invasion and less likely to have deep white matter invasion or subependymal invasion. These imaging features may allow noninvasive identification of CDKN2A allele status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Tillmanns
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Lost
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Joanna Tabor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sagar Vasandani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shaurey Vetsa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Kanat Yalcin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Marc von Reppert
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Leon Jekel
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sara Merkaj
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Divya Ramakrishnan
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Arman Avesta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Irene Dixe de Oliveira Santo
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Lan Jin
- R&D, Sema4, 333 Ludlow Street, North Tower, 8th Floor, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ichiro Ikuta
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5711 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - MingDe Lin
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Visage Imaging, Inc., 12625 High Bluff Dr, Suite 205, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
| | - Sanjay Aneja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariam Aboian
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- , New Haven, USA.
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Hofmann BB, Rubbert C, Turowski B, Hänggi D, Muhammad S. Treatment of Unique Bilateral Distal Fusiform Superior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms with Mini-Flow Diverter Device Implantation: Case Report. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2023; 84:593-599. [PMID: 34933358 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, surgical revascularization procedures using intracranial-intracranial (IC-IC) or extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass and distal clipping or trapping are the valid and rescue treatment modality for extremely rare unilateral distal fusiform superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms. Yet, in case of bilateral fusiform SCA aneurysms, surgical therapy reaches its limit. Mini-flow diverter devices (FDDs) have only recently become available for treating fusiform aneurysms of such small vessels. We report the unique case of bilateral distal fusiform SCA aneurysms in a 43-year-old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher grade IV and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies [WFNS] grade II) treated with endovascular implantation of bilateral mini-FDDs with excellent outcome and no radiographic signs of infarction. Yet, occlusion of one of the FDDs was found in the follow-up, which again shows the eminent danger of occlusion in case of an implantation of FDDs in such small-caliber vessels, which leaves the discussion about the optimal therapy method open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn B Hofmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hofmann BB, Karadag C, Rubbert C, Schieferdecker S, Neyazi M, Abusabha Y, Fischer I, Boogaarts HD, Muhammad S, Beseoglu K, Hänggi D, Turowski B, Kamp MA, Cornelius JF. Novel Insights into Pathophysiology of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: Effects of Current Rescue Therapy on Microvascular Perfusion Heterogeneity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2624. [PMID: 37892998 PMCID: PMC10603935 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
General microvascular perfusion and its heterogeneity are pathophysiological features of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) that are gaining increasing attention. Recently, CT perfusion (CTP) imaging has made it possible to evaluate them radiologically using mean transit time (MTT) and its heterogeneity (measured by cvMTT). This study evaluates the effect of multimodal rescue therapy (intra-arterial nimodipine administration and elevation of blood pressure) on MTT and cvMTT during DCI in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) patients. A total of seventy-nine aSAH patients who underwent multimodal rescue therapy between May 2012 and December 2019 were retrospectively included in this study. CTP-based perfusion impairment (MTT and cvMTT) on the day of DCI diagnosis was compared with follow-up CTP after initiation of combined multimodal therapy. The mean MTT was significantly reduced in the follow-up CTP compared to the first CTP (3.7 ± 0.7 s vs. 3.3 ± 0.6 s; p < 0.0001). However, no significant reduction of cvMTT was observed (0.16 ± 0.06 vs. 0.15 ± 0.06; p = 0.44). Mean arterial pressure was significantly increased between follow-up and first CTP (98 ± 17 mmHg vs. 104 ± 15 mmHg; p < 0.0001). The combined multimodal rescue therapy was effective in addressing the general microvascular perfusion impairment but did not affect the mechanisms underlying microvascular perfusion heterogeneity. This highlights the need for research into new therapeutic approaches that also target these pathophysiological mechanisms of DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn B. Hofmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cihat Karadag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Schieferdecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Milad Neyazi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yousef Abusabha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Igor Fischer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hieronymus D. Boogaarts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerim Beseoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Kamp
- Centre for Palliative and Neuropalliative Care, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Campus Rüdersdorf, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jan F. Cornelius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Holtmann C, Roth MB, Lanzman RS, Turowski B, Antoch G, Mackenzie CR, Borrelli M, Geerling G. [Diagnostics and treatment of organic intraorbital foreign bodies]. Ophthalmologie 2023; 120:734-739. [PMID: 36534169 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orbital injuries with organic foreign bodies are a clinical challenge as they can cause a variety of complications and sometimes lead to irreversible visual impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report five consecutive cases of patients with organic orbital foreign bodies who presented between 2012 and 2022. Documented parameters include age, gender, time of injury, mechanism of injury, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), presence of pain, restriction of motility, performed imaging, location and type of foreign body, treatment and complications. RESULTS The mean patient age was 61.8 ± 32.3 years and the gender ratio was 4:1 (female:male). In 4 cases the injury had been reported on average 4.6 days (0/14 days min/max) previously. Best corrected visual acuity at first presentation was 0.5 ± 0.2 decimal and after a mean follow-up of 12.7 months (0.5/38 months min/max) at last presentation 0.67 ± 0.3 decimal (p = 0.2). The reason for initial presentation was pain (n = 3) and/or double vision (n = 2). All patients underwent computer tomography (CT). The diagnosis was confirmed in two cases by means of CT. In all five cases the foreign body material could be completely surgically removed, while one patient needed repeated surgery due to retained foreign body material. The organic foreign body material included wood (4) and wax (1). In two cases, a foreign body-induced infection was successfully treated with systemic antibiotics. There were no other complications. CONCLUSION In orbital trauma a thorough wound exploration must be performed, especially if the mechanism of injury is uncertain and residual foreign bodies or a perforation injury cannot be excluded. The imaging of choice is CT, which may have to be performed again in the postoperative course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Holtmann
- Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Mathias B Roth
- Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Rotem S Lanzman
- Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Gerald Antoch
- Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Colin R Mackenzie
- Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Maria Borrelli
- Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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8
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Hofmann BB, Fischer I, Donaldson DM, Abusabha Y, Karadag C, Muhammad S, Beseoglu K, Hänggi D, Turowski B, Rubbert C, Cornelius JF, Kamp MA. Evaluation of MTT Heterogeneity of Perfusion CT Imaging in the Early Brain Injury Phase: An Insight into aSAH Pathopysiology. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050824. [PMID: 37239296 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of early brain injury (EBI) is based on the assumption of a global reduction in brain perfusion following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the heterogeneity of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging in EBI has not yet been investigated. In contrast, increased mean transit time (MTT) heterogeneity, a possible marker of microvascular perfusion heterogeneity, in the delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) phase has recently been associated with a poor neurological outcome after aSAH. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the heterogeneity of early CTP imaging in the EBI phase is an independent predictor of the neurological outcome after aSAH. We retrospectively analyzed the heterogeneity of the MTT using the coefficient of variation (cvMTT) in early CTP scans (within 24 h after ictus) of 124 aSAH patients. Both linear and logistic regression were used to model the mRS outcome, which were treated as numerical and dichotomized values, respectively. Linear regression was used to investigate the linear dependency between the variables. No significant difference in cvMTT between the patients with and those without EVD could be observed (p = 0.69). We found no correlation between cvMTT in early CTP imaging and initial modified Fisher (p = 0.07) and WFNS grades (p = 0.23). The cvMTT in early perfusion imaging did not correlate significantly with the 6-month mRS for the entire study population (p = 0.15) or for any of the subgroups (without EVD: p = 0.21; with EVD: p = 0.3). In conclusion, microvascular perfusion heterogeneity, assessed by the heterogeneity of MTT in early CTP imaging, does not appear to be an independent predictor of the neurological outcome 6 months after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn B Hofmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Igor Fischer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel M Donaldson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yousef Abusabha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cihat Karadag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerim Beseoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan F Cornelius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel A Kamp
- Centre for Palliative and Neuro-Palliative Care, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Campus Rüdersdorf, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
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9
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de Vries J, Aquarius R, Sørensen L, Boogaarts HD, Turowski B, van Zwam WH, Marotta TR, Bartels RHMA. Safety and efficacy of the eCLIPs bifurcation remodelling system for the treatment of wide necked bifurcation aneurysms: 1 year results from the European eCLIPs Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy Study (EESIS). J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:163-171. [PMID: 35393338 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eCLIPs bifurcation remodelling system is a non-circumferential implant that bridges the neck from outside of a bifurcation aneurysm. The goal of the multicenter, post-marketing European eCLIPs Safety, FeasIbility, and Efficacy Study (EESIS), was to present the efficacy and safety results of the eCLIPs device after 365 days of follow-up. METHODS All patients were to receive an eCLIPs in conjunction with coils. The study was conducted according to good clinical practices and included independent adjudication of safety and efficacy outcomes. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled at four European centers. Mean age was 60 years (range 41-74) and aneurysms were located at the basilar tip (n=19) and carotid tip (n=1). Average aneurysm dome height was 6.0 mm (range 2.0-15.0). Mean neck length was 5.1 mm (range 2.6-8.5). The technical success rate was 90% (18 of 20). No major territorial strokes or deaths occurred between the index procedure and after 365 days of follow-up. Complete occlusion was achieved in 60% of patients (12 of 20 patients) and 67% of patients with an eCLIPs device (12 of 18) after 365 days of follow-up. Adequate occlusion (complete occlusion and neck remnant) was achieved in 80% of patients (16 of 20 patients) and 89% of patients with an eCLIPs device (16 of 18 patients) after 365 days of follow-up. CONCLUSION In this small series, treatment with eCLIPs was feasible, safe, and efficacious, considering the challenging nature of the aneurysms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02607501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost de Vries
- Neurosurgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - René Aquarius
- Neurosurgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Leif Sørensen
- Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bernd Turowski
- Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Wim H van Zwam
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R Marotta
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Steinmann J, Rapp M, Sadat H, Staub-Bartelt F, Turowski B, Steiger HJ, Hänggi D, Sabel M, Kamp MA. The impact of preoperative MRI-based apparent diffusion coefficients on local recurrence and outcome in patients with cerebral metastases. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:12-19. [PMID: 32990044 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1817856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery of single cerebral metastases is standard but frequently fails to achieve local tumour control. Reliable predictors for local tumour progression and overall survival are unknown. MRI-based apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) correlate with tumour cellularity and invasion. The present study analysed a potential relation between the MRI based apparent diffusion coefficients local recurrence and outcome in patients with brain metastases. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for patients with cerebral metastases and complete surgical resection evaluated by an early postoperative MRI < 72h. Minimal ADC and mean ADC were assessed in preoperative 1,5T-MRI scans by placing regions of interests in the tumour and the peritumoural tissue. RESULTS Analysis of the relation between ADC values, local progression and outcome was performed in 86 patients with a mean age of 59 years (range 33-83 years). Primary site was NSCLC in 37.2% of all cases. Despite complete resection 33.7% of all patients suffered from local in-brain-progression. There were no significant differences in ADC values in groups based on histology. In the present cohort, the mean ADCmin and the mean ADCmean within the metastasis did not differ significantly between patients with and without a later local in-brain progression (634 × 10-6 vs. 661 × 10-6 mm2/s and 1324 × 10-6 vs. 1361 × 10-6 mm2/s; 1100 × 10-6 vs. 1054 × 10-6 mm2/s; each p > 0.05). Mean ADC values did not correlate significantly with PFS and OAS. CONCLUSION In the present study analysed ADC values had no significant impact on local in brain progression and survival parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinmann
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Rapp
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hosai Sadat
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Turowski
- Klinik für Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jakob Steiger
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Sabel
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel A Kamp
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Weiss D, Rubbert C, Kaschner M, Jander S, Gliem M, Lee JI, Haensch CA, Turowski B, Caspers J. Mothership vs. drip-and-ship: evaluation of initial treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke in a well-developed network of specialized hospitals. Neurol Res 2022; 45:449-455. [PMID: 36480518 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2156127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Two strategies of initial patient care exist in endovascular thrombectomy (ET) depending on the site of initial admission: the mothership (MS) and drip-and-ship (DnS) principles. This study compares both strategies in regard to patient outcome in a local network of specialized hospitals. METHODS Two-hundred-and-two patients undergoing ET in anterior circulation ischemic stroke between June 2016 and May 2018 were enrolled. Ninety two patients were directly admitted to our local facility (MS), One-hundred-and-ten were secondarily referred to our facility. Group comparisons between admission strategies in three-months modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Maas Score and Alberta-Stroke-Program-Early-computed-tomography-score (ASPECTS), National-Institutes-of-Health-Stroke-Scale (NIHSS), age and onset-to-recanalization-time were performed. Correlation between admission strategy and mRS was calculated. A binary logistic regression model was computed including mRS as dependent variable. RESULTS There were neither significant group differences in three-months mRS between MS and DnS nor significant correlations. Patients tended to achieve a better outcome with DnS. Collateralization status differed between MS and DnS (p = 0.003) with better collateralization in DnS. There were no significant group differences in NIHSS or ASPECTS but in onset-to-recanalization-time (p < 0.001) between MS and DnS. Binary logistic regression showed a high explanation of variance of mRS but no significant results for admission strategy. CONCLUSIONS Functional outcome in patients treated with ET is comparable between the MS and DnS principles. Tendentially better outcome in the DnS subgroup may be explained by selection bias due to a higher willingness to apply ET in patients with worse baseline conditions (e.g. worse collateralization), if patients undergoing MS are already on site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University D#xFC;sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstra#xDF;e 5, 40225 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University D#xFC;sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstra#xDF;e 5, 40225 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Kaschner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University D#xFC;sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstra#xDF;e 5, 40225 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Marienhospital D#xFC;sseldorf, Rochusstra#xDF;e 2, 40479 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jander
- Department of Neurology, Marienhospital D#xFC;sseldorf, Rochusstra#xDF;e 2, 40479 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, University D#xFC;sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstra#xDF;e 5, 40225 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
| | - John-Ih Lee
- Department of Neurology, University D#xFC;sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstra#xDF;e 5, 40225 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
| | - Carl-Albrecht Haensch
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus St. Franziskus, Viersener Stra#xDF;e 450, 41063 M#xF6;nchengladbach, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University D#xFC;sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstra#xDF;e 5, 40225 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University D#xFC;sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstra#xDF;e 5, 40225 D#xFC;sseldorf, Germany
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12
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Weiss D, Rubbert C, Ivan VL, Lee JI, Gliem M, Jander S, Caspers J, Turowski B, G Kaschner M. Mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with acute occlusion of the M1- compared to the M2-segment: Safety, efficacy, and clinical outcome. Neuroradiol J 2022; 35:600-606. [PMID: 35083935 PMCID: PMC9513919 DOI: 10.1177/19714009211067403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endovascular treatment (ET) in occlusions of the M1- and proximal M2-segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is an established procedure. In contrast, ET in distal M2-occlusions has not been sufficiently evaluated yet. The purpose of this study was to assess relevant parameters for clinical outcome, efficacy, and safety of patients undergoing ET in M1-, proximal M2-, and distal M2-occlusions. METHODS One hundred seventy-four patients undergoing ET in acute ischemic stroke with an occlusion of the M1- or M2-segment of the MCA were enrolled prospectively. Non-parametric analysis of variance in 3-month mRS, TICI scale, and complication rates were performed with Kruskal-Wallis test between M1- and proximal and distal M2-occlusions. Subsequent pairwise group comparisons were calculated using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Binary logistic regression models were calculated for each occlusion site. RESULTS There were no significant group differences in 3-month mRS, mTICI scale, or complication rates between M1- and M2-occlusions nor between proximal and distal M2-occlusions. Binary logistic regression in patients with M1-occlusions showed a substantial explanation of variance (NR2=0.35). NIHSS (p=0.009) and Maas Score as parameter for collateralization (p=0.01) appeared as significant contributing parameters. Binary logistic regression in M2-occlusions showed a high explanation of variance (NR2=0.50) of mRS but no significant factors. CONCLUSIONS Clinical outcome and procedural safety of patients with M2-occlusions undergoing ET are comparable to those of patients with M1-occlusions. Clinical outcome of patients with M1-occlusions undergoing ET is primarily influenced by the initial neurological deficit and the collateralization of the occlusions. By contrast, clinical outcome in patients with M2-occlusions undergoing ET is more multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- University Dusseldorf, Medical
Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- University Dusseldorf, Medical
Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien L Ivan
- University Dusseldorf, Medical
Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - John-Ih Lee
- Department of Neurology Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jander
- Department of Neurology Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- University Dusseldorf, Medical
Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- University Dusseldorf, Medical
Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius G Kaschner
- University Dusseldorf, Medical
Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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13
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Rubbert C, Wolf L, Vach M, Turowski B, Hedderich D, Gaser C, Dahnke R, Caspers J. Einfluss des Normkollektivs auf die Hirnatrophieschätzung – Wie viele normale Vergleichssubjekte sind notwendig? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Rubbert
- Universitätsklinkum Düsseldorf, Inst. f. diagn. u. interv. Radiologie, Düsseldorf
| | - L Wolf
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Düsseldorf
| | - M Vach
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Düsseldorf
| | - B Turowski
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Düsseldorf
| | - D Hedderich
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München
| | - C Gaser
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena
| | - R Dahnke
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena
| | - J Caspers
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Düsseldorf
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14
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Dimitriou NG, Flüh G, Zange S, Aytulun A, Turowski B, Hartung HP, Meuth SG, Gliem M. Case report: First case of neuromelioidosis in Europe: CNS infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Front Neurol 2022; 13:899396. [PMID: 35968288 PMCID: PMC9372356 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.899396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromelioidosis is a rare CNS infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Our report presents the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of the first case of neuromelioidosis confirmed in Europe. A 47-year-old man with a medical history of recurrent otitis with otorrhea and fever after tympanoplasty and radical cavity revision operation on the left ear was admitted with headache, decreased level of consciousness, dysarthria, left-sided hemiparesis, and urinary incontinence. After extensive investigations including MRI, microbiological, serological, and CSF analyses, and, ultimately, brain biopsy, a diagnosis of neuromelioidosis was established. Despite antibiotic treatment, the patient showed no clinical improvement and remained in a severely compromised neurological state under mandatory mechanical ventilation. Neuromelioidosis can pose a diagnostic challenge requiring an extensive diagnostic evaluation because of its uncommon clinical and radiological presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G. Dimitriou
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Greta Flüh
- Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Zange
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Aykut Aytulun
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Gliem
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15
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Schaumann K, Albrecht A, Turowski B, Hoffmann C, Cornelius JF, Schipper J. [Cochlear nerve continuity preservation during retrosigmoid ablative osteotomy of the internal auditory canal for advanced vestibular schwannomas]. HNO 2022; 70:445-454. [PMID: 34812915 PMCID: PMC9160153 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-021-01116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The data of 86 patients with retrosigmoid microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma in tumor stage Koos II-IV were evaluated. In more than two thirds of the cases it was shown that the cochlear nerve followed the facial nerve, which is easily identified by electroneurography, in recurrent similar patterns in the region of the internal auditory canal. Starting from the fundus, this facilitated early identification and thus preservation of continuity of the cochlear nerve in the course of the internal auditory canal. This was of particular importance when safe functional preservation could not be guaranteed due to tumor size or formation despite intraoperative derivation of somatosenoric potentials, but when the possibility of subsequent hearing rehabilitation with a cochlear implant should be granted. Preoperative MRI sequences gave an indication of the possible nerve courses in some cases, but intraoperative imaging in the internal auditory canal was superior to MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schaumann
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - A Albrecht
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - B Turowski
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - C Hoffmann
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J F Cornelius
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J Schipper
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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16
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Weiss D, Kabbasch C, Lichtenstein T, Turowski B, Kaschner M. A fully radiopaque hybrid stent retriever versus a precursor device: Outcome, efficacy, and safety in large vessel stroke. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:947-955. [PMID: 35415956 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this multicenter study was to compare the clinical outcome, safety, and efficacy of the full-length radiopaque Aperio Hybrid stent retriever (APH) with the precursor Aperio thrombectomy device (AP). METHODS Multicentric retrospective analysis of patients with stroke, treated with the APH and AP due to an acute ischemic stroke by large vessel occlusions in the anterior or posterior circulation, was performed. We focused on the comparison of favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0-2) after 3 months, favorable reperfusion rates (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale ≥ 2b), and the complication rate. RESULTS A total of 51 patients (female: n = 33, 64.7%, mean age 73 ± 16 years) with a median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: 15 were treated with the APH or AP. Favorable outcome in patients treated with APH was excellent (44.0%) and comparable to the AP (36.8%). The rate of final favorable reperfusion for both devices was outstanding (APH 31/31 and AP 20/20). The overall complication rate for the APH was slightly higher compared to the AP (32.3%/15.0%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was recorded in 0 of 51 cases. The all-cause mortality rate at 90 days was 20.0% for the APH and comparable for the AP (21.1%). CONCLUSIONS Comparable clinical outcome, efficacy, and safety of the AP and the recently introduced APH were demonstrated. Both devices appeared feasible, efficient, and safe with regard to endovascular treatment in large vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Christoph Kabbasch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lichtenstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Marius Kaschner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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Rubbert C, Wolf L, Turowski B, Hedderich DM, Gaser C, Dahnke R, Caspers J. Impact of defacing on automated brain atrophy estimation. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:54. [PMID: 35348936 PMCID: PMC8964867 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defacing has become mandatory for anonymization of brain MRI scans; however, concerns regarding data integrity were raised. Thus, we systematically evaluated the effect of different defacing procedures on automated brain atrophy estimation. Methods In total, 268 Alzheimer’s disease patients were included from ADNI, which included unaccelerated (n = 154), within-session unaccelerated repeat (n = 67) and accelerated 3D T1 imaging (n = 114). Atrophy maps were computed using the open-source software veganbagel for every original, unmodified scan and after defacing using afni_refacer, fsl_deface, mri_deface, mri_reface, PyDeface or spm_deface, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between z-scores was calculated. RMSE values derived from unaccelerated and unaccelerated repeat imaging served as a benchmark. Outliers were defined as RMSE > 75th percentile and by using Grubbs’s test. Results Benchmark RMSE was 0.28 ± 0.1 (range 0.12–0.58, 75th percentile 0.33). Outliers were found for unaccelerated and accelerated T1 imaging using the 75th percentile cutoff: afni_refacer (unaccelerated: 18, accelerated: 16), fsl_deface (unaccelerated: 4, accelerated: 18), mri_deface (unaccelerated: 0, accelerated: 15), mri_reface (unaccelerated: 0, accelerated: 2) and spm_deface (unaccelerated: 0, accelerated: 7). PyDeface performed best with no outliers (unaccelerated mean RMSE 0.08 ± 0.05, accelerated mean RMSE 0.07 ± 0.05). The following outliers were found according to Grubbs’s test: afni_refacer (unaccelerated: 16, accelerated: 13), fsl_deface (unaccelerated: 10, accelerated: 21), mri_deface (unaccelerated: 7, accelerated: 20), mri_reface (unaccelerated: 7, accelerated: 6), PyDeface (unaccelerated: 5, accelerated: 8) and spm_deface (unaccelerated: 10, accelerated: 12). Conclusion Most defacing approaches have an impact on atrophy estimation, especially in accelerated 3D T1 imaging. Only PyDeface showed good results with negligible impact on atrophy estimation.
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Kunz WG, Sporns PB, Psychogios MN, Fiehler J, Chapot R, Dorn F, Grams A, Morotti A, Musolino P, Lee S, Kemmling A, Henkes H, Nikoubashman O, Wiesmann M, Jensen-Kondering U, Möhlenbruch M, Schlamann M, Marik W, Schob S, Wendl C, Turowski B, Götz F, Kaiser D, Dimitriadis K, Gersing A, Liebig T, Ricke J, Reidler P, Wildgruber M, Mönch S. Cost-Effectiveness of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Childhood Stroke: An Analysis of the Save ChildS Study. J Stroke 2022; 24:138-147. [PMID: 35135067 PMCID: PMC8829473 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2021.01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The Save ChildS Study demonstrated that endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a safe treatment option for pediatric stroke patients with large vessel occlusions (LVOs) with high recanalization rates. Our aim was to determine the long-term cost, health consequences and cost-effectiveness of EVT in this patient population.
Methods In this retrospective study, a decision-analytic Markov model estimated lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Early outcome parameters were based on the entire Save ChildS Study to model the EVT group. As no randomized data exist, the Save ChildS patient subgroup with unsuccessful recanalization was used to model the standard of care group. For modeling of lifetime estimates, pediatric and adult input parameters were obtained from the current literature. The analysis was conducted in a United States setting applying healthcare and societal perspectives. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. The willingness-to-pay threshold was set to $100,000 per QALY.
Results The model results yielded EVT as the dominant (cost-effective as well as cost-saving) strategy for pediatric stroke patients. The incremental effectiveness for the average age of 11.3 years at first stroke in the Save ChildS Study was determined as an additional 4.02 lifetime QALYs, with lifetime cost-savings that amounted to $169,982 from a healthcare perspective and $254,110 when applying a societal perspective. Acceptability rates for EVT were 96.60% and 96.66% for the healthcare and societal perspectives.
Conclusions EVT for pediatric stroke patients with LVOs resulted in added QALY and reduced lifetime costs. Based on the available data in the Save ChildS Study, EVT is very likely to be a cost-effective treatment strategy for childhood stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang G. Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: Wolfgang G. Kunz Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 Munich, Germany Tel: +49-89-4400-73630 Fax: +49-89-4400-78832 E-mail:
| | - Peter B. Sporns
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marios N. Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Chapot
- Department of Neuroradiology, Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Morotti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patricia Musolino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Lee
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - André Kemmling
- Department for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Henkes
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Jensen-Kondering
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Möhlenbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Marik
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Wendl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Gersing
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebig
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Reidler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mönch
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Schaumann K, Albrecht A, Turowski B, Hoffmann C, Cornelius JF, Schipper J. [Erratum to: Cochlear nerve continuity preservation during retrosigmoid ablative osteotomy of the internal auditory canal for advanced vestibular schwannomas]. HNO 2022; 70:455. [PMID: 35041029 PMCID: PMC9160148 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-021-01138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schaumann
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - A Albrecht
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - B Turowski
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - C Hoffmann
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J F Cornelius
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J Schipper
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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Tillmanns N, Lum AE, Cassinelli G, Merkaj S, Verma T, Zeevi T, Staib L, Subramanian H, Bahar RC, Brim W, Lost J, Jekel L, Brackett A, Payabvash S, Ikuta I, Lin M, Bousabarah K, Johnson MH, Cui J, Malhotra A, Omuro A, Turowski B, Aboian MS. Identifying clinically applicable machine learning algorithms for glioma segmentation: recent advances and discoveries. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac093. [PMID: 36071926 PMCID: PMC9446682 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there are innumerable machine learning (ML) research algorithms used for segmentation of gliomas, there is yet to be a US FDA cleared product. The aim of this study is to explore the systemic limitations of research algorithms that have prevented translation from concept to product by a review of the current research literature. Methods We performed a systematic literature review on 4 databases. Of 11 727 articles, 58 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used for data extraction and screening using TRIPOD. Results We found that while many articles were published on ML-based glioma segmentation and report high accuracy results, there were substantial limitations in the methods and results portions of the papers that result in difficulty reproducing the methods and translation into clinical practice. Conclusions In addition, we identified that more than a third of the articles used the same publicly available BRaTS and TCIA datasets and are responsible for the majority of patient data on which ML algorithms were trained, which leads to limited generalizability and potential for overfitting and bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Tillmanns
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Avery E Lum
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gabriel Cassinelli
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sara Merkaj
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tej Verma
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tal Zeevi
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lawrence Staib
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harry Subramanian
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ryan C Bahar
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Waverly Brim
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jan Lost
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leon Jekel
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexandria Brackett
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sam Payabvash
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ichiro Ikuta
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - MingDe Lin
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Visage Imaging, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Michele H Johnson
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Antonio Omuro
- Department of Neurology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bernd Turowski
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariam S Aboian
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Wetzel-Yalelis A, Karadag C, Li L, Turowski B, Bostelmann R, Abusabha Y, Hofmann BB, Gousias K, Agrawal R, König M, Kaiser M, Mijderwijk HJ, Petridis AK. The rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm does not associate with an asymmetry in the A1 or A2 arteries: a retrospective study of radiological features. Br J Neurosurg 2021:1-6. [PMID: 34933612 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.2016624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the formation and rupture risk of an anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm has been the subject of many studies, no previous study has primarily searched for the relationship of the parent and daughter vessels and the impact of their size/diameter ratio on the potential rupture risk of an AcoA aneurysm. The objective of this study is to explore this link and to further analyse the surrounding vasculature of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 434 patients: 284 patients with an ACoA aneurysm (121 unruptured and 162 ruptured) and 150 control patients without an ΑCoA aneurysm. Radiological angiography investigations were used to assess the diameter ratios of the parent vessels in addition to ACoA aneurysm morphology parameters. RESULTS When comparing the ruptured to the unruptured cases, we observed no significant difference in the parent or daughter vessel diameter ratios. Younger patient age (OR 0.96, p = 0.00) and a higher aneurysm size ratio (OR 1.10, p = 0.02) were of prognostic importance concerning the rupture risk of the aneurysm. The A1 diameter ratio and the A2 diameter were not statistically significant (OR 1.00, p = 0.99, and OR 3.38, p = 0.25 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we focused on asymmetry in the parent and daughter vessels as well as traditional ACoA aneurysm morphological characteristics. We were able to label younger patient age and a greater size ratio as independent prognostic factors for ACoA aneurysm rupture. We were unable to label parent and daughter vessel asymmetry as prognostic factors. To validate our findings, parent and daughter vessel asymmetry should be subjected to future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cihat Karadag
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Bostelmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Christliches Krankenhaus Quakenbrück gemeinnützige GmbH, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Yousef Abusabha
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn B Hofmann
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Rachit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marien Hospital, Luenen, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, St. Marien Hospital, Luenen, Germany
| | - Marga Kaiser
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, St. Marien Hospital, Luenen, Germany
| | - Hendrik-Jan Mijderwijk
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Athanasios K Petridis
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Tillmanns N, Lum A, Brim WR, Subramanian H, Lin M, Bousabarah K, Malhotra A, cui J, Brackett A, Payabvash S, Ikuta I, Johnson M, Turowski B, Aboian M. NIMG-71. IDENTIFYING CLINICALLY APPLICABLE MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR GLIOMA SEGMENTATION USING A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE
Nowadays Machine learning (ML) algorithms are often used for segmentation of gliomas, but which algorithms provide the most accurate method for implementation into clinical practice has not fully been identified. We performed a systematic review of the literature to characterize the methods used for glioma segmentation and their accuracy.
METHODS
In accordance to PRISMA, a literature review was performed on four databases, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane trials (CENTRAL) and Web of science core-collection first in October 2020 and in February 2021. Keywords and controlled vocabulary included artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, radiomics, magnetic resonance imaging, glioma, and glioblastoma. Publications were screened in Covidence and the bias analysis was done in agreement with TRIPOD.
RESULTS
Sixty-six articles were used for data extraction. BRATS and TCIA datasets were used in 36.6% of all studies, with average number of patients being 141 (range: 1 to 622). ML methods represented 45.3% of studies, with deep learning used in 54.7%; Dice score for the tumor core ranged from 0.72 to 0.95. The most common algorithm used in the machine learning papers was support vector machines (SVM) and for deep learning papers, it was Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Preliminary TRIPOD analysis yielded an average score from 12 (range: 7-16) with the majority of papers demonstrating deficiencies in description of the ML algorithm, funding role, data acquisition and measures of model performance.
CONCLUSION
In the last years, many articles were published on segmentation of gliomas using machine learning, thus establishing this method for tumor segmentation with high accuracy. However, the major limitations for clinically applicable use of ML in glioma segmentation include more than one-third of publications use the same datasets, thus limiting generalizability, increase the likelihood of overfitting, show and lack of ML network description and standardization in accuracy reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Tillmanns
- Heinrich Heine university Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | | | - W R Brim
- Johns Hopkins, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Harry Subramanian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming Lin
- Yale University School of Medicine, North Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ajay Malhotra
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Alexandria Brackett
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ichiro Ikuta
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bernd Turowski
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Mariam Aboian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine Sections, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Tillmanns N, Lum A, Brim WR, Subramanian H, Lin M, Bousabarah K, Malhotra A, cui J, Brackett A, Payabvash S, Ikuta I, Johnson M, Turowski B, Aboian M. NIMG-38. MEASURING ADHERENCE TO TRIPOD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PAPERS IN THE GLIOMA SEGMENTATION. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE
Generalizability, reproducibility and objectivity are critical elements that need to be considered when translating machine learning models into clinical practice. While a large body of literature has been published on machine learning methods for segmentation of brain tumors, a systematic evaluation of paper quality and reproducibility has not been done. We investigated the use of “Transparent Reporting of studies on prediction models for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis” (TRIPOD) items, among papers published in this relatively new and growing field.
METHODS
According to PRISMA a literature review was performed on four databases, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane trials (CENTRAL) and Web of science core-collection first in October 2020 and a second time in February 2021. Keywords and controlled vocabulary included artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, radiomics, magnetic resonance imaging, glioma, and glioblastoma. The publications were assessed in order to the TRIPOD items.
RESULTS
37 publications from our database search were screened in TRIPOD and yielded an average score of 12.08 with the maximum score being 16 and the minimum score 7. The best scoring item was interpretation (item 19) where all papers scored a point. The lowest scoring items were the title, the abstract, risk groups and the model performance (items number 1, 2, 11 and 16), where no paper scored a point. Less than 1% of the papers discussed the problem of missing data (item 9) and the funding of research (item 22).
CONCLUSION
TRIPOD analysis showed that a majority of the papers do not score high on critical elements that allow reproducibility, translation, and objectivity of research. An average score of 12.08 (40%) indicates that the publications usually achieve a relatively low score. The categories that were consistently poorly described include the ML network description, measuring model performance, title details and inclusion of information into the abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Tillmanns
- Heinrich Heine university Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | | | - W R Brim
- Johns Hopkins, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Harry Subramanian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming Lin
- Yale University School of Medicine, North Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ajay Malhotra
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Alexandria Brackett
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ichiro Ikuta
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Bernd Turowski
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Mariam Aboian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine Sections, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Turowski B, Caspers J. Radiologische Interventionen bei Schlaganfall. Notf Rett Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-021-00907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pflaeging M, Goertz L, Smyk MA, Turowski B, Mpotsaris A, Pennig L, Borggrefe J, Krischek B, Kabbasch C. Treatment of recurrent and residual aneurysms with the low-profile Acandis Acclino stent: Multi-center review of 19 patients. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 90:199-205. [PMID: 34275549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the low-profile Acandis Acclino microstent for embolization of recurrent and residual intracranial aneurysms. METHODS Consecutive patients treated with the Acclino for aneurysm remnants at three German neurovascular centers were enrolled. The technical success, complications, angiographic and clinical outcome were investigated. RESULTS Nineteen patients (median age: 53 years) with 19 aneurysm remnants (median size: 5 mm, anterior circulation: 14) were included. Initial aneurysm treatment consisted of stand-alone coiling in 14 cases, stent-assisted coiling in 4 and clipping in 1. Acclino stent-assisted coil embolization was performed technically successfully in all patients. Morbidity occurred in one patient (5.3%) due to aneurysm perforation. At the angiographic follow-up with a median follow-up duration of 21 months (range: 5-37 months), complete occlusion was obtained in 76.9%. The retreatment rate was 7.7%. CONCLUSIONS Retreatment of aneurysm remnants with the Acclino microstent was associated with high aneurysm occlusion rates and acceptable morbidity. Further studies will be necessary to draw a definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Pflaeging
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lukas Goertz
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Michael Artur Smyk
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Anastasios Mpotsaris
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lenhard Pennig
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Boris Krischek
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpitaux Robert Schuman, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, 2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Christoph Kabbasch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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Hofmann BB, Fischer I, Engel A, Jannusch K, Donaldson DM, Karadag C, van Lieshout JH, Beseoglu K, Muhammad S, Turowski B, Hänggi D, Kamp MA, Rubbert C. MTT Heterogeneity in Perfusion CT Imaging as a Predictor of Outcome after Aneurysmal SAH. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1387-1395. [PMID: 34083263 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impairment of tissue oxygenation caused by inhomogeneous microscopic blood flow distribution, the so-called capillary transit time heterogeneity, is thought to contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal SAH but has so far not been systematically evaluated in patients. We hypothesized that heterogeneity of the MTT, derived from CTP parameters, would give insight into the clinical course of patients with aneurysmal SAH and may identify patients at risk of poor outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the heterogeneity of the MTT using the coefficient of variation in CTP scans from 132 patients. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to model the dichotomized mRS outcome. Linear regression was used to eliminate variables with high linear dependence. T tests were used to compare the means of 2 groups. Furthermore, the time of the maximum coefficient of variation for MTT after bleeding was evaluated for correlation with the mRS after 6 months. RESULTS On average, each patient underwent 5.3 CTP scans during his or her stay. Patients with high coefficient of variation for MTT presented more often with higher modified Fisher (P = .011) and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grades (P = .014). A high coefficient of variation for MTT at days 3-21 after aneurysmal SAH correlated significantly with a worse mRS score after 6 months (P = .016). We found no correlation between the time of the maximum coefficient of variation for MTT after bleeding and the patients' outcomes after 6 months (P = .203). CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity of MTT in CTP after aneurysmal SAH correlates with the patients' outcomes. Because the findings are in line with the pathophysiologic concept of the capillary transit time heterogeneity, future studies should seek to verify the coefficient of variation for MTT as a potential imaging biomarker for outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Hofmann
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - I Fischer
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Engel
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Jannusch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (K.J., B.T., C.R.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D M Donaldson
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Karadag
- Medical Faculty (C.K.), University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J H van Lieshout
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Beseoglu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Muhammad
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (K.J., B.T., C.R.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Hänggi
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M A Kamp
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (K.J., B.T., C.R.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Jansen R, Lee JI, Turowski B, Kaschner M, Caspers J, Bernhard M, Hartung HP, Jander S, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Gliem M. Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on emergency and stroke care in a German tertiary stroke center. Neurol Res Pract 2021; 3:21. [PMID: 33789760 PMCID: PMC8011045 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-021-00118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic caused a decline in stroke care in several countries. The objective was to describe lockdown stroke care in a tertiary stroke center in Düsseldorf, Germany near Heinsberg, a German hot spot for COVID-19 in spring 2020. METHODS In a retrospective, observational, single-center study, we compared all patients treated in our emergency department (ED), patients seen by a neurologist in the ED, ED patients suffering from ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) as well as stroke patients admitted to our stroke unit during lockdown in spring 2020 (16 March 2020-12 April 2020) to those cared for during the same period in 2019 and lockdown light in fall 2020 (2 November - 29 November 2020). RESULTS In spring 2020 lockdown the mean number of patients admitted to our ED dropped by 37.4%, seen by a neurologist by 35.6%, ED stroke patients by 19.2% and number of patients admitted to our stroke unit by 10% compared to the same period in 2019. In fall lockdown light 2020 effects were comparable but less pronounced. Thrombolysis rate was stable during spring and fall lockdown, however, endovascular treatment (EVT) rate declined by 58% in spring lockdown and by 51% in fall lockdown compared to the period in 2019. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates a profound reduction of overall ED patients, neurological ED patients and EVT during COVID-19 pandemic caused lockdowns. Planning for pandemic scenarios should include access to effective emergency therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John-Ih Lee
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Kaschner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Bernhard
- Emergency Department, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Jander
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Schirmer M, Antoniadis G, Brentrup A, Hansch M, Heidecke V, Jünger ST, Messing-Jünger M, Piedade GS, Slotty PJ, Stehn C, Tronnier VM, Turowski B, Vesper J, Wildfeuer S, Winkler PA. Adressen. Neurochirurgie 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-3-437-15450-8.00024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sporns PB, Sträter R, Minnerup J, Wiendl H, Hanning U, Chapot R, Henkes H, Henkes E, Grams A, Dorn F, Nikoubashman O, Wiesmann M, Bier G, Weber A, Broocks G, Fiehler J, Brehm A, Psychogios M, Kaiser D, Yilmaz U, Morotti A, Marik W, Nolz R, Jensen-Kondering U, Schmitz B, Schob S, Beuing O, Götz F, Trenkler J, Turowski B, Möhlenbruch M, Wendl C, Schramm P, Musolino P, Lee S, Schlamann M, Radbruch A, Rübsamen N, Karch A, Heindel W, Wildgruber M, Kemmling A. Feasibility, Safety, and Outcome of Endovascular Recanalization in Childhood Stroke: The Save ChildS Study. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:25-34. [PMID: 31609380 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance Randomized clinical trials have shown the efficacy of thrombectomy of large intracranial vessel occlusions in adults; however, any association of therapy with clinical outcomes in children is unknown. Objective To evaluate the use of endovascular recanalization in pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, multicenter cohort study, conducted from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, analyzed the databases from 27 stroke centers in Europe and the United States. Included were all pediatric patients (<18 years) with ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular recanalization. Median follow-up time was 16 months. Exposures Endovascular recanalization. Main Outcomes and Measures The decrease of the Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS) score from admission to day 7 was the primary outcome (score range: 0 [no deficit] to 34 [maximum deficit]). Secondary clinical outcomes included the modified Rankin scale (mRS) (score range: 0 [no deficit] to 6 [death]) at 6 and 24 months and rate of complications. Results Seventy-three children from 27 participating stroke centers were included. Median age was 11.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 7.0-15.0); 37 patients (51%) were boys, and 36 patients (49%) were girls. Sixty-three children (86%) received treatment for anterior circulation occlusion and 10 patients (14%) received treatment for posterior circulation occlusion; 16 patients (22%) received concomitant intravenous thrombolysis. Neurologic outcome improved from a median PedNIHSS score of 14.0 (IQR, 9.2-20.0) at admission to 4.0 (IQR, 2.0-7.3) at day 7. Median mRS score was 1.0 (IQR, 0-1.6) at 6 months and 1.0 (IQR, 0-1.0) at 24 months. One patient (1%) developed a postinterventional bleeding complication and 4 patients (5%) developed transient peri-interventional vasospasm. The proportion of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage events in the HERMES meta-analysis of trials with adults was 2.79 (95% CI, 0.42-6.66) and in Save ChildS was 1.37 (95% CI, 0.03-7.40). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study suggest that the safety profile of thrombectomy in childhood stroke does not differ from the safety profile in randomized clinical trials for adults; most of the treated children had favorable neurologic outcomes. This study may support clinicians' practice of off-label thrombectomy in childhood stroke in the absence of high-level evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Sporns
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ronald Sträter
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uta Hanning
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Chapot
- Department of Neuroradiology, Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Henkes
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elina Henkes
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Astrid Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Bier
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anushe Weber
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex Brehm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marios Psychogios
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Umut Yilmaz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Morotti
- Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marik
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Nolz
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulf Jensen-Kondering
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmitz
- Section of Neuroradiology, University of Ulm, Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Beuing
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Trenkler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Möhlenbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Wendl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schramm
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Patricia Musolino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Lee
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - André Kemmling
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Sporns PB, Psychogios MN, Straeter R, Hanning U, Minnerup J, Chapot R, Henkes H, Henkes E, Grams A, Dorn F, Nikoubashman O, Wiesmann M, Bier G, Weber A, Broocks G, Fiehler J, Brehm A, Kaiser D, Yilmaz U, Morotti A, Marik W, Nolz R, Jensen-Kondering U, Braun M, Schob S, Beuing O, Goetz F, Trenkler J, Turowski B, Möhlenbruch M, Wendl C, Schramm P, Musolino PL, Lee S, Schlamann M, Radbruch A, Karch A, Rübsamen N, Wildgruber M, Kemmling A. Clinical Diffusion Mismatch to Select Pediatric Patients for Embolectomy 6 to 24 Hours After Stroke: An Analysis of the Save ChildS Study. Neurology 2020; 96:e343-e351. [PMID: 33144517 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether thrombectomy is safe in children up to 24 hours after onset of symptoms when selected by mismatch between clinical deficit and infarct. METHODS A secondary analysis of the Save ChildS Study (January 2000-December 2018) was performed, including all pediatric patients (<18 years) diagnosed with arterial ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular recanalization at 27 European and United States stroke centers. Patients were included if they had a relevant mismatch between clinical deficit and infarct. RESULTS Twenty children with a median age of 10.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 7-14.6) years were included. Of those, 7 were male (35%), and median time from onset to thrombectomy was 9.8 (IQR 7.8-16.2) hours. Neurologic outcome improved from a median Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale score of 12.0 (IQR 8.8-20.3) at admission to 2.0 (IQR 1.2-6.8) at day 7. Median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 1.0 (IQR 0-1.6) at 3 months and 0.0 (IQR 0-1.0) at 24 months. One patient developed transient peri-interventional vasospasm; no other complications were observed. A comparison of the mRS score to the mRS score in the DAWN and DEFUSE 3 trials revealed a higher proportion of good outcomes in the pediatric compared to the adult study population. CONCLUSIONS Thrombectomy in pediatric ischemic stroke in an extended time window of up to 24 hours after onset of symptoms seems safe and neurologic outcomes are generally good if patients are selected by a mismatch between clinical deficit and infarct. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that for children with acute ischemic stroke with a mismatch between clinical deficit and infarct size, thrombectomy is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Sporns
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany.
| | - Marios-Nikos Psychogios
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Ronald Straeter
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Uta Hanning
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - René Chapot
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Hans Henkes
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Elina Henkes
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Astrid Grams
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Franziska Dorn
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Georg Bier
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Anushe Weber
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Alex Brehm
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Umut Yilmaz
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Andrea Morotti
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Marik
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Richard Nolz
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Ulf Jensen-Kondering
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Michael Braun
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Oliver Beuing
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Friedrich Goetz
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Johannes Trenkler
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Markus Möhlenbruch
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Christina Wendl
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Peter Schramm
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Patricia L Musolino
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Sarah Lee
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - André Karch
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
| | - André Kemmling
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.B.S., M.-N.P., A.B.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (P.B.S., U.H., G.B., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), and Neurology (J.M.), University Hospital of Muenster; Department of Neuroradiology (R.C.), Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen; Department of Neuroradiology (H.H., E.H.), Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (A.G.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.D.), University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern; Department of Neuroradiology (O.N., M.W.), RWTH Aachen University; Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.W.), University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum Langendreer; Department of Neuroradiology (D.K.), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden7; Department of Neuroradiology (U.Y.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; ASST Valcamonica (A.M.), Ospedale di Esine, UOSD Neurologia, Esine, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (R.N.), Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (U.J.-K.), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Section of Neuroradiology (M.B.), University of Ulm, Guenzburg; Department for Neuroradiology (S.S.), University Hospital Leipzig; Department of Neuroradiology (O.B.), University Hospital of Magdeburg; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (F.G.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology (J.T.), Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Institute of Neuroradiology (B.T.), University Hospital Duesseldorf; Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital (M.M.); Department of Radiology (C.W.), University Hospital Regensburg; Department of Neuroradiology (P.S., A. Kemmling), University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.L.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Child Neurology (S.L.), Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.S.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (A. Karch, N.R.), University of Muenster; and Department of Radiology, University of Munich (LMU) (M.W.), Campus Grosshadern, Germany
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Breitkopf K, Aytulun A, Förster M, Kraus B, Turowski B, Huppert D, Goebels N, Hefter H, Aktas O, Metz I, Brück W, Reifenberger G, Hartung HP, Albrecht P. Case Report: A Case of Severe Clinical Deterioration in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:782. [PMID: 32973648 PMCID: PMC7461937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare variant of MS that may lead to a rapidly progressive clinical deterioration requiring a multidisciplinary diagnostic workup. Our report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of a rare and extremely severe course of MS. A 51-year-old man with an 8-year history of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) was admitted with a subacute progressive left lower limb weakness and deterioration of walking ability. After extensive investigations including repeated MRI, microbiological, serological, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, and finally brain biopsy, the diagnosis of a tumefactive MS lesion was confirmed. Despite repeated intravenous (IV) steroids as well as plasma exchanges and IV foscarnet and ganciclovir owing to low copy numbers of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, the patient did not recover. The clinical presentation of tumefactive MS is rare and variable. Brain biopsy for histopathological workup should be considered in immunocompromised patients with rapidly progressive clinical deterioration with brain lesions of uncertain cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Breitkopf
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aykut Aytulun
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bastian Kraus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doreen Huppert
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Goebels
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Hefter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Imke Metz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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33
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Aktas O, Renner A, Huss A, Filser M, Baetge S, Stute N, Gasis M, Lepka K, Goebels N, Senel M, Graf J, Enzinger C, Pinter D, Antoch G, Turowski B, Hartung HP, Albrecht P, Otto M, Tumani H, Penner IK. Serum neurofilament light chain: No clear relation to cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in stable MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7:7/6/e885. [PMID: 32972970 PMCID: PMC7673283 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) indicative of neuroaxonal damage may improve precise disease profiling with regard to cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms, we analyzed potential associations of sNfL levels with cognitive test scores, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. METHODS Patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) underwent an elaborated assessment including MRI, various cognitive tests, and patient-reported outcomes. We determined sNfL levels by single molecule array (Simoa) assay. Relationships between sNfL, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and demographical data were analyzed using correlations, group comparisons, and regressions. RESULTS In 45 clinically stable patients with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale = 2.73 ± 1.12, disease duration = 10.03 ± 7.49 years), 40.0% were cognitively impaired. Mean sNfL levels were 16.02 ± 10.39 pg/mL, with higher levels in the SPMS subgroup (p = 0.038). sNfL levels did reliably link neither with the investigated cognitive and affective parameters nor with fatigue levels. The only relationship found in a small subgroup of patients with SPMS (n = 7) with visuospatial learning (r = -0.950, p = 0.001) and memory (r = -0.813; p = 0.026) disappeared when further controlling for age, educational level, and sex. CONCLUSIONS In patients with stable MS at less advanced disease stages, sNfL did not convincingly relate to cognitive performance, fatigue, depression, or anxiety and thus may not serve as a surrogate biomarker for neuropsychological status in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Aktas
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Alina Renner
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - André Huss
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Melanie Filser
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Sharon Baetge
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Nathalie Stute
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Marcia Gasis
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Klaudia Lepka
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Norbert Goebels
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Makbule Senel
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Jonas Graf
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Christian Enzinger
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Daniela Pinter
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Gerald Antoch
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany
| | - Iris-Katharina Penner
- From the Department of Neurology (O.A., M.G., K.L., N.G., J.G., H.-P.H., P.A., I.-K.P.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cogito Center for Applied Neurocognition and Neuropsychological Research (A.R., M.F., S.B., N.S., I.-K.P.), Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.H., M.S., M.O., H.T.), University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.E., D.P.), Research Unit for Neuronal Plasticity and Repair, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology (C.E.), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.A., B.T.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.T.), Dietenbronn, Germany.
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Taschner CA, Stracke CP, Dorn F, Kadziolka KB, Kreiser K, Solymosi L, Pham M, Buhk JH, Turowski B, Reith W, Elsheikh S, Meckel S, Janssen H, Hammer A, Beuing O, Jansen O, Urbach H, Knauth M, Jenkner C, Chapot R. Derivo embolization device in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a prospective multicenter study. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 13:541-546. [PMID: 32900908 PMCID: PMC8142444 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Flow diverters (FD) are used regularly for the endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. We aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Derivo embolization device (DED) with respect to long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes. Methods A prospective multicenter trial was conducted at 12 centers. Patients presenting with modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 0–1, treated for unruptured intracranial aneurysms with DED were eligible. Primary endpoint was the mRS assessed at 18 months with major morbidity defined as mRS 3–5. Satisfactory angiographic occlusion was defined as 3+4 on the Kamran scale. Results Between July 2014 and February 2018, 119 patients were enrolled. Twenty-three patients were excluded. Ninety-six patients, 71 (74%) female, mean age 54±12.0 years, were included in the analysis. Mean aneurysm size was 14.2±16.9 mm. The mean number of devices implanted per patient was 1.2 (range 1–3). Clinical follow-up at 18 months was available in 90 (94%) patients, resulting in a mean follow-up period of 14.8±5.2 months. At last available follow-up of 96 enrolled patients, 91 (95%) remained mRS 0–1. The major morbidity rate (mRS 3–5) was 3.1% (3/96), major stroke rate was 4.2% (4/96), and mortality was 0%. Follow-up angiographies were available in 89 (93%) patients at a median of 12.4±5.84 months with a core laboratory adjudicated satisfactory aneurysm occlusion in 89% (79/89). Conclusion Our results suggest that DED is a safe and effective treatment for unruptured aneurysms with high rates of satisfactory occlusion and comparably low rates of permanent neurological morbidity and mortality. Trial registration DRKS00006103
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Taschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christian Paul Stracke
- Department of Intracranial Endovascular Therapy, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Bartosz Kadziolka
- Endovascular Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Western Hospital, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Kornelia Kreiser
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - László Solymosi
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Buhk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neuroradiologische Diagnostik und Intervention, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reith
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Samer Elsheikh
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stephan Meckel
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Hendrik Janssen
- Department of Neuroradiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Hammer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Beuing
- Department of Neuroradiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olav Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Campus Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michael Knauth
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Jenkner
- Faculty of Medicine, Universityof Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - René Chapot
- Department of Intracranial Endovascular Therapy, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Germany
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Kaschner M, Lichtenstein T, Weiss D, Turowski B, Goertz L, Kluner C, Schlamann M, Mathys C, Kabbasch C. The New Fully Radiopaque Aperio Hybrid Stent Retriever: Efficient and Safe? An Early Multicenter Experience. World Neurosurg 2020; 141:e278-e288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Caspers J, Heeger A, Turowski B, Rubbert C. Automated age- and sex-specific volumetric estimation of regional brain atrophy: workflow and feasibility. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:1043-1048. [PMID: 32852588 PMCID: PMC7813701 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives An automated workflow for age- and sex-specific estimation of regional brain volume changes from structural MRI relative to a standard population is presented and evaluated for feasibility. Methods T1w MRI scans are preprocessed in a standardized way comprising gray matter (GM) segmentation, normalization, modulation, and spatial smoothing. Resulting GM images are then compared to precomputed age- and sex-specific GM templates derived from the population-based Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample, and voxel-wise z-maps are compiled. z-maps are color-coded and fused with the subject’s T1w images. The rate of technical success of the proposed workflow was evaluated in 1330 subjects of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Furthermore, medial temporal atrophy (MTA) was assessed using the color-coded maps and with the MTA visual rating scale in these subjects. Sensitivities and specificity of color-coded maps and MTA scale were compared using McNemar’s test. Results One test dataset was excluded due to severe motion artifacts. Out of the remaining 1329 datasets, atrophy map generation was successful in 1323 ADNI subjects (99.5%). Sensitivity for AD diagnosis (71.4 % vs. 53.3%, p < 0.0001 for left; 70.4% vs. 55.3%, p < 0.0001 for right hemisphere) and for MCI (45.4% vs. 17.4, p < 0.0001 for left; 43.5% vs. 14.6%, p < 0.0001 for right hemisphere) based on medial temporal atrophy assessment in color-coded maps was significantly higher than for MTA visual rating scale, while specificity was lower (78.4% vs. 93.8%, p < 0.0001 for left; 79.4% vs. 95.8%, p < 0.0001 for right hemisphere). The workflow is named veganbagel and is published as open-source software with an integrated PACS interface. Conclusions Automated brain volume change estimation with the proposed workflow is feasible and technically dependable. It provides high potential for radiologic assessment of brain volume changes and neurodegenerative diseases. Key Points • A workflow combining techniques from voxel-based morphometry and population-based neuroimaging data is feasible and technically highly dependable. • The workflow is provided as open-source software, named veganbagel. • Sensitivity of medial temporal atrophy assessment in atrophy maps from veganbagel exceeds the sensitivity of MTA visual rating scale for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Adrian Heeger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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De Vries J, Boogaarts HD, Sørensen L, Holtmannspoetter M, Benndorf G, Turowski B, Bohner G, Derakhshani S, Navasa C, van Zwam WH, Söderman M, Rautio R, Mathys C, Riina H, Marotta TR. eCLIPs bifurcation remodeling system for treatment of wide neck bifurcation aneurysms with extremely low dome-to-neck and aspect ratios: a multicenter experience. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 13:438-442. [PMID: 32788388 PMCID: PMC8053345 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Wide necked bifurcation aneurysms (WNBA) are among the most difficult aneurysms to treat. Very low dome-to-neck (DTN) and aspect ratios provide an even greater challenge in the management of WNBAs. We present the safety and efficacy profile for endovascular clip system (eCLIPs) device in the treatment of this subset of WNBAs with very unfavorable morphologies. Methods In our case series, 24 patients treated at 12 international centers were taken from a larger prospective voluntary post-marketing registry of 65 patients treated with the eCLIPs device and coiling. Those who had WNBAs at either the carotid or basilar terminus with a DTN ratio <1.6 and aspect ratio <1.2 were included. Radiologic and clinical outcomes were assessed immediately after the procedure and at the latest follow-up. Results The eCLIPs device was successfully deployed in 23 cases (96%). One patient (4.2%) died due to guidewire perforation distal to the implant site. No other complications were documented. After a mean follow-up of 15.8 months (range 3–40 months), good radiologic outcomes (modified Raymond–Roy classification (MRRC) scores of 1 or 2) were documented in 20 of 21 patients (95%) with follow-up data. The lone patient with an MRRC score of 3 showed coiled compaction after incomplete neck coverage with the device. Conclusion Our series of patients with aneurysms having adverse DTN and aspect ratios demonstrated that the eCLIPs device has a safety and efficacy profile comparable with currently available devices in the treatment of WNBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost De Vries
- Neurosurgery Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leif Sørensen
- Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Goetz Benndorf
- INR, Rigshospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Radiology, University of Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Bohner
- Neuroradiology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shahram Derakhshani
- Neuroradiology, Essex Center for Neurological Sciences, Queen's University Hospital, Romdord, UK
| | - Chema Navasa
- Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wim H van Zwam
- Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Söderman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christian Mathys
- Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas R Marotta
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Berger K, Turowski B, Felsberg J, Malzkorn B, Reifenberger G, Steiger HJ, Budach W, Haussmann J, Knipps J, Rapp M, Hänggi D, Sabel M, Mijderwijk HJ, Kamp MA. Age-stratified clinical performance and survival of patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma homogeneously treated by radiotherapy with concomitant and maintenance temozolomide. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:253-262. [PMID: 32748120 PMCID: PMC7810639 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastomas are the most malignant glial tumours. Median survival is only 14-16 months after diagnosis, with patients aged ≥ 65 years reportedly showing worse outcome. This study aimed to further evaluate the prognostic role of age in a homogenously treated patient cohort. METHODS The study includes 132 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients treated between 2013 and 2017 with open resection followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and maintenance temozolomide. Patients were dichotomized into a non-elderly (< 65 years) and an elderly (≥ 65 years) group. Extent of resection and the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status were determined for each tumour. Clinical and radiological follow-up data were obtained at 6 weeks after the end of radiation therapy and thereafter in 3-month intervals. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses. RESULTS The elderly group consisted of 58 patients (median age: 70.5 years) and the non-elderly group of 74 patients (median age: 55 years). Median pre- and postoperative operative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and National Institutes of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were not significantly different between the groups, but KPS and ECOG scores became significantly worse in the elderly group at 6 weeks after termination of radiation therapy. Neither PFS nor OS differed significantly between the age groups. Patients with MGMT promoter-methylated tumours survived longer. CONCLUSION Elderly patients in good pre- and postoperative clinical conditions may show similar outcome as younger patients when treated according to standard of care. However, elderly patients may suffer more frequently from clinical deterioration following chemoradiotherapy. In both age groups, MGMT promoter methylation was linked to longer PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hans-Jakob Steiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Haussmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Knipps
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Rapp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hendrik-Jan Mijderwijk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel A Kamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Lin Y, Schulze V, Brockmeyer M, Parco C, Karathanos A, Heinen Y, Gliem M, Hartung HP, Antoch G, Jander S, Turowski B, Perings S, Kelm M, Wolff G. Endovascular Thrombectomy as a Means to Improve Survival in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:850-854. [PMID: 30958530 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke is recommended by guidelines to improve functional recovery, thus far there are insufficient data on its association with mortality. Objective To identify guideline-relevant trials of EVT vs medical therapy reporting 90-day mortality and perform a meta-analysis. Data Sources All randomized clinical trials cited for recommendations on EVT vs medical therapy in the latest 2018 American Stroke Association/American Heart Association guidelines. Study Selection Ten American Stroke Association/American Heart Association guideline-relevant randomized clinical trials of EVT vs medical therapy were selected for inclusion. Two EVT trials were excluded owing to infrequent use of EVT. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were abstracted by 2 independent investigators and double-checked by 4 others. Singular study data were integrated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method and a random-effects model to compute summary statistics of risk ratios (RR) with 95% CIs. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk of 90-day mortality and 90-day intracranial hemorrhage was analyzed; sensitivity analyses were performed in early-window EVT trials (which included patients from the onset of symptoms onward) vs late-window EVT trials (which included patients from 6 hours after onset of symptoms onward). Results In 10 trials with 2313 patients, EVT significantly reduced the risk for 90-day mortality by 3.7% compared with medical therapy (15.0% vs 18.7%; RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.98; P = .03). Trends were similar in early-window (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.01; P = .06) and late-window trials only (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.41-1.40; P = .38). There was no difference in the risk for intracranial hemorrhage in EVT vs medical therapy (4.2% vs 4.0%; RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.71-1.72; P = .65). Limitations of the studies include trial protocol heterogeneity and bias originating from prematurely terminated trials. Conclusions and Relevance This meta-analysis of all evidence on EVT cited in the 2018 American Stroke Association/American Heart Association guidelines shows significant benefits for survival during the first 90 days after acute ischemic stroke compared with medical therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brockmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudio Parco
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Athanasios Karathanos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Heinen
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Antoch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jander
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Perings
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Wolff
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rubbert C, Turowski B, Caspers J. Automatic Alignment of Cranial CT Examinations to the Anterior Commissure/Posterior Commissure (ACPC) Reference Plane for Reliable Interpretation and Quality Assurance. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2020; 193:61-67. [PMID: 32516825 DOI: 10.1055/a-1167-8368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alignment of cranial CT scans (cCTs) to a common reference plane simplifies anatomical-landmark-based orientation and eases follow-up assessment of intracranial findings. We developed and open sourced a fully automated system, which aligns cCTs to the Anterior Commissure/Posterior Commissure (ACPC) line and exports the results to the PACS. FMRIB's Linear Image Registration Tool (FLIRT) with an ACPC-aligned atlas is used in the alignment step. Five mm mean slabs are generated with the top non-air slice as the starting point. For evaluation, 301 trauma cCTs from the CQ500 dataset were processed. In visual comparison with the respective ACPC-aligned atlas, all were successfully aligned. Image quality (IQ) and ease of identification of the central sulcus (CS) were rated on a Likert scale (5 = excellent IQ/immediate CS identification). The median IQ was 4 (range: 2-4) in the original series and 5 (range: 4-5) in the ACPC-aligned series (p < 0.0001). The CS was more easily identified after fatbACPC (original scans: 4 (range: 2-5); ACPC-aligned: 5 (range: 4-5); p < 0.0001). The mean rotation to achieve alignment was |X| = 6.4 ± 5.2° ([-X,+X] = -26.8°-24.2°), |Y| = 2.1 ± 1.7° ([-Y,+Y] = -8.7°-9.8°), and |Z| = 3.1 ± 2.4° ([-Z,+Z] = -14.3°-12.5°). The developed system can robustly and automatically align cCTs to the ACPC line. Degrees of deviation from the ideal alignment could be used for quality assurance. KEY POINTS:: · fatbACPC automatically aligns cranial CT scans to the Anterior Commissure/Posterior Commissure plane.. · ACPC-aligned images simplify anatomical-landmark-based orientation.. · fatbACPC does not impact image quality.. · fatbACPC is robust, fully PACS-integrated, and Open Source: https://github.com/BrainImAccs. CITATION FORMAT: · Rubbert C, Turowski B, Caspers J. Automatic Alignment of Cranial CT Examinations to the Anterior Commissure/Posterior Commissure (ACPC) Reference Plane for Reliable Interpretation and Quality Assurance. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 61 - 67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rubbert
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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Ivan VL, Rubbert C, Caspers J, Lee JI, Gliem M, Jander S, Turowski B, Kaschner M. Mechanical thrombectomy in acute middle cerebral artery M2 segment occlusion with regard to vessel involvement. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:3165-3173. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sporns PB, Straeter R, Minnerup J, Wiendl H, Hanning U, Chapot R, Henkes H, Henkes E, Grams A, Dorn F, Nikoubashman O, Wiesmann M, Bier G, Weber A, Broocks G, Fiehler J, Brehm A, Psychogios M, Kaiser D, Yilmaz U, Morotti A, Marik W, Nolz R, Jensen-Kondering U, Schmitz B, Schob S, Beuing O, Goetz F, Trenkler J, Turowski B, Möhlenbruch M, Wendl C, Schramm P, Musolino P, Lee S, Schlamann M, Radbruch A, Rübsamen N, Karch A, Heindel W, Wildgruber M, Kemmling A. Does Device Selection Impact Recanalization Rate and Neurological Outcome? Stroke 2020; 51:1182-1189. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.028221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
The recent Save ChildS study provides multicenter evidence for the use of mechanical thrombectomy in children with large vessel occlusion arterial ischemic stroke. However, device selection for thrombectomy may influence rates of recanalization, complications, and neurological outcomes, especially in pediatric patients of different ages. We, therefore, performed additional analyses of the Save ChildS data to investigate a possible association of different thrombectomy techniques and devices with angiographic and clinical outcome parameters.
Methods—
The Save ChildS cohort study (January 2000–December 2018) analyzed data from 27 European and United States stroke centers and included all pediatric patients (<18 years), diagnosed with arterial ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular recanalization. Patients were grouped into first-line contact aspiration (A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique [ADAPT]) and non-ADAPT groups as well as different stent retriever size groups. Associations with baseline characteristics, recanalization rates (modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction), complication rates, and neurological outcome parameters (Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale after 24 hours and 7 days; modified Rankin Scale and Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure at discharge, after 6 and 24 months) were investigated.
Results—
Seventy-three patients with a median age of 11.3 years were included. Currently available stent retrievers were used in 59 patients (80.8%), of which 4×20 mm (width×length) was the most frequently chosen size (36 patients =61%). A first-line ADAPT approach was used in 7 patients (9.6%), and 7 patients (9.6%) were treated with first-generation thrombectomy devices. In this study, a first-line ADAPT approach was neither associated with the rate of successful recanalization (ADAPT 85.7% versus 87.5% No ADAPT) nor with the complication rate or the neurological outcome. Moreover, there were no associations of stent retriever sizes with rates of recanalization, complication rates, or outcome parameters.
Conclusions—
Our study suggests that neurological outcomes are generally good regardless of any specific device selection and suggests that it is important to offer thrombectomy in eligible children regardless of technique or device selection.
Registration—
URL:
https://www.drks.de/
; Unique identifier: DRKS00016528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Sporns
- From the Institute of Clinical Radiology (P.B.S., G. Bier, W.H., M. Wildgruber), University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
| | - Ronald Straeter
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S.), University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- Department of Neurology (J.M., H.W.), University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology (J.M., H.W.), University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
| | - Uta Hanning
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (U.H., G. Broocks, J.F.)
| | - René Chapot
- Department of Neuroradiology, Alfried-Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany (R.C.)
| | - Hans Henkes
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany (H.H., E.H.)
| | - Elina Henkes
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany (H.H., E.H.)
| | - Astrid Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (A.G.)
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany (F.D.)
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- Department of Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (O.N., M. Wiesmann)
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (O.N., M. Wiesmann)
| | - Georg Bier
- From the Institute of Clinical Radiology (P.B.S., G. Bier, W.H., M. Wildgruber), University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany (G. Bier)
| | - Anushe Weber
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Bochum, Germany (A.W.)
| | - Gabriel Broocks
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (U.H., G. Broocks, J.F.)
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (U.H., G. Broocks, J.F.)
| | - Alex Brehm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (A.B., M.P.)
| | - Marios Psychogios
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (A.B., M.P.)
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany (D.K.)
| | - Umut Yilmaz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany (U.Y.)
| | - Andrea Morotti
- Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (A.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Marik
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology (W.M.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Nolz
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (R.N.), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulf Jensen-Kondering
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (U.J.-K.)
| | - Bernd Schmitz
- Section of Neuroradiology, University of Ulm, Guenzburg, Germany (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Oliver Beuing
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Germany (O.B.)
| | - Friedrich Goetz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (F.G.)
| | - Johannes Trenkler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria (J.T.)
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany (B.T.)
| | - Markus Möhlenbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology at Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (M.M.)
| | - Christina Wendl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Peter Schramm
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Luebeck, Germany (P.S.)
| | - Patricia Musolino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (P.M.)
| | - Sarah Lee
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, California (S.L.)
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (A.R.)
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany (N.R., A. Karch)
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany (N.R., A. Karch)
| | - Walter Heindel
- From the Institute of Clinical Radiology (P.B.S., G. Bier, W.H., M. Wildgruber), University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- From the Institute of Clinical Radiology (P.B.S., G. Bier, W.H., M. Wildgruber), University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
| | - André Kemmling
- Department of Neuroradiology, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Germany (A. Kemmling)
- Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (A. Kemmling)
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Goertz L, Smyk MA, Siebert E, Turowski B, Borggrefe J, Mpotsaris A, Bohner G, Schlamann M, Dorn F, Liebig T, Kabbasch C. Low-Profile Laser-Cut Stents for Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms : Incidence, Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors of Thromboembolic Events. Clin Neuroradiol 2020; 31:107-115. [PMID: 31970465 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-profile intracranial stents are characterized by a miniaturized design that enables deployment via a 0.0165″ or 0.017″ internal diameter microcatheter, which is typically intended for coil delivery. This study analyzed the incidence, clinical relevance and risk factors of thromboembolic events (TEE) occurring during low-profile stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS This was a retrospective, multicenter analysis of consecutive patients who underwent stent-assisted aneurysm coiling (SAC) with the laser-cut Acandis Acclino and Neuroform Atlas stents. The study evaluated the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic TEEs and the impact on functional outcome. Risk factors for TEEs were determined by univariate and bivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Among 131 procedures (mean patient age 56.5 ± 12.8 years, mean aneurysm size: 6.7 ± 3.9 mm) TEEs occurred in 14 cases (10.7%) of which 2 patients (1.5%) developed ischemic stroke, while the remaining TEEs remained asymptomatic. Multivariate analysis revealed Y‑stenting as potential risk factor for TEEs (odds ratio: 3.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-16.5; p = 0.08). CONCLUSION The use of SAC with low-profile intracranial stents is associated with a favorable safety profile; however, Y‑stenting may carry an increased risk of TEEs, which needs to be considered during treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Goertz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Michael Artur Smyk
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eberhard Siebert
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anastasios Mpotsaris
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Bohner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebig
- Department of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Kabbasch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 67, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Khan MO, Toro Arana V, Rubbert C, Cornelius JF, Fischer I, Bostelmann R, Mijderwijk HJ, Turowski B, Steiger HJ, May R, Petridis AK. Association between aneurysm hemodynamics and wall enhancement on 3D vessel wall MRI. J Neurosurg 2020:1-11. [PMID: 31923894 DOI: 10.3171/2019.10.jns191251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) on 3D vessel wall MRI (VWMRI) has been suggested as an imaging biomarker for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) at higher risk of rupture. While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have been used to investigate the association between hemodynamic forces and rupture status of IAs, the role of hemodynamic forces in unruptured IAs with AWE is poorly understood. The authors investigated the role and implications of abnormal hemodynamics related to aneurysm pathophysiology in patients with AWE in unruptured IAs. METHODS Twenty-five patients who had undergone digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and VWMRI studies from September 2016 to September 2017 were included, resulting in 22 patients with 25 IAs, 9 with and 16 without AWE. High-resolution CFD models of hemodynamics were created from DSA images. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between AWE and conventional morphological and hemodynamic parameters. Normalized MRI signal intensity was quantified and quantitatively associated with wall shear stresses (WSSs) for the entire aneurysm sac, and in regions of low, intermediate, and high WSS. RESULTS The AWE group had lower WSS (p < 0.01) and sac-averaged velocity (p < 0.01) and larger aneurysm size (p < 0.001) and size ratio (p = 0.0251) than the non-AWE group. From multivariate analysis of both hemodynamic and morphological factors, only low WSS was found to be independently associated with AWE. Sac-averaged normalized MRI signal intensity correlated with WSS and was significantly different in regions of low WSS compared to regions of intermediate (p = 0.018) and high (p < 0.001) WSS. CONCLUSIONS The presence of AWE was associated with morphological and hemodynamic factors related to rupture risk. Low WSS was found to be an independent predictor of AWE. Our findings support the hypothesis that low WSS in IAs with AWE may indicate a growth and remodeling process that may predispose such aneurysms to rupture; however, a causality between the two cannot be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Owais Khan
- 1Department of Pediatrics.,2Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, and
| | | | - Christian Rubbert
- 4Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | | | - Igor Fischer
- 6Division of Informatics and Data Science, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Turowski
- 4Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | | | - Rebecca May
- 4Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Germany; and
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Kaschner MG, Petridis A, Turowski B. Single-center experience with the new generation Derivo Embolization Device in ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms. Acta Radiol 2020; 61:37-46. [PMID: 31166695 DOI: 10.1177/0284185119852731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatment of ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms is technically challenging with potentially high morbidity and mortality. The Derivo Embolisation Device (Derivo) is a flow diverter stent designed for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Purpose To assess the safety and feasibility of the Derivo in the treatment of ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms. Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed all patients with ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms treated with the Derivo between February 2016 and July 2018. Procedural details, complications, morbidity within 30 days, and angiographic aneurysm occlusion rates, initially and after six months, were assessed. Results In 10 patients 11 ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms were treated with 12 Derivos as monotherapy. No aneurysm rebleeding was observed at follow-up. One treatment-related complication occurred including a coil perforation of an additionally treated aneurysm. One patient died due to brain edema. Initial digital subtraction angiography revealed complete (O’Kelly–Marotta [OKM] classification D) and favorable (OKM D+C) occlusion rate in three aneurysms. Six-month follow-up for digital subtraction angiography and clinical evaluation was available in 6/9 patients with complete (OKM D) occlusion in all aneurysms (6/6). Favorable (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] ≤ 2) and moderate (mRS 3) clinical outcome after a mean follow-up of 10 months was observed in six and two patients, respectively. Conclusion Endovascular treatment with the Derivo in ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms revealed a sufficient initial division of aneurysms from the circulation without rebleeding. The Derivo is associated with high procedural and clinical short-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Georg Kaschner
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Turowski
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Germany
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Lin Y, Schulze V, Brockmeyer M, Parco C, Karathanos A, Krieger T, Heinen Y, Gliem M, Hartung HP, Antoch G, Jander S, Turowski B, Perings S, Kelm M, Wolff G. 283Endovascular thrombectomy as a means to improve survival in acute ischemic stroke - A meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and purpose
Although endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is guideline-recommended to improve functional recovery, thus far there are only inconclusive data from underpowered singular trials of EVT vs. medical therapy (MT) on mortality. We here aimed to perform a meta-analysis on short-term mortality in guideline-relevant EVT vs. MT randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods
All randomized controlled trials (RCT) reporting EVT vs. MT in the latest 2018 American Stroke Association/American Heart Association (ASA/AHA) Guidelines were eligible for inclusion. Data were abstracted by two independent investigators and double-checked by four others. Study data were integrated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method and a random-effects model to compute summary statistics of risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Ninety-day mortality and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were analyzed.
Results
Ten of the twelve guideline-relevant EVT vs. MT RCTs (DAWN, DEFUSE 3, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, MR CLEAN, MR RESCUE, REVASCAT, SWIFT PRIME, THERAPY, THRACE) with 2,313 patients were selected for inclusion. Studies IMS III and SYNTHESIS were excluded due to their very infrequent use of EVT. Stent retrievers (Trevo, Solitaire, Merci) were most frequently applied, followed by thrombus aspiration (Penumbra). Intravenous thrombolysis was administered in addition to EVT in the majority of patients. In the pooled meta-analysis of all eligible RCTs, EVT significantly reduced the risk for 90-day mortality by 3.7% compared to MT (15.0% vs. 18.7%; RR 0.81 with CI 0.68 to 0.98; p=0.03), accounting for a number-needed-to-treat of 27 to prevent one all-cause death. Trends were similar in early-window (RR 0.83) and late-window trials only (RR 0.76). There was no difference in the risk for ICH in EVT vs. MT (4.2% vs. 4.0%; RR 1.11 with CI 0.71 to 1.72; p=0.65). All included trials were published in high-quality journals and risk of bias was judged low.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis lends evidence to EVT benefits for survival already during the first 90 days after acute ischemic stroke. These results further highlight the evolution of interventional techniques in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - V Schulze
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Brockmeyer
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - C Parco
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - A Karathanos
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - T Krieger
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Y Heinen
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Gliem
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H P Hartung
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - G Antoch
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Jander
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - B Turowski
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Perings
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Kelm
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - G Wolff
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Rubbert C, Mathys C, Jockwitz C, Hartmann CJ, Eickhoff SB, Hoffstaedter F, Caspers S, Eickhoff CR, Sigl B, Teichert NA, Südmeyer M, Turowski B, Schnitzler A, Caspers J. Machine-learning identifies Parkinson's disease patients based on resting-state between-network functional connectivity. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180886. [PMID: 30994036 PMCID: PMC6732922 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of a data-driven, model-based classification approach to discriminate idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients from healthy controls (HC) based on between-network connectivity in whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). METHODS Whole-brain rs-fMRI (EPI, TR = 2.2 s, TE = 30 ms, flip angle = 90°. resolution = 3.1 × 3.1 × 3.1 mm, acquisition time ≈ 11 min) was assessed in 42 PD patients (medical OFF) and 47 HC matched for age and gender. Between-network connectivity based on full and L2-regularized partial correlation measures were computed for each subject based on canonical functional network architectures of two cohorts at different levels of granularity (Human Connectome Project: 15/25/50/100/200 networks; 1000BRAINS: 15/25/50/70 networks). A Boosted Logistic Regression model was trained on the correlation matrices using a nested cross-validation (CV) with 10 outer and 10 inner folds for an unbiased performance estimate, treating the canonical functional network architecture and the type of correlation as hyperparameters. The number of boosting iterations was fixed at 100. The model with the highest mean accuracy over the inner folds was trained using an non-nested 10-fold 20-repeats CV over the whole dataset to determine feature importance. RESULTS Over the outer folds the mean accuracy was found to be 76.2% (median 77.8%, SD 18.2, IQR 69.4 - 87.1%). Mean sensitivity was 81% (median 80%, SD 21.1, IQR 75 - 100%) and mean specificity was 72.7% (median 75%, SD 20.4, IQR 66.7 - 80%). The 1000BRAINS 50-network-parcellation, using full correlations, performed best over the inner folds. The top features predominantly included sensorimotor as well as sensory networks. CONCLUSION A rs-fMRI whole-brain-connectivity, data-driven, model-based approach to discriminate PD patients from healthy controls shows a very good accuracy and a high sensitivity. Given the high sensitivity of the approach, it may be of use in a screening setting. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Resting-state functional MRI could prove to be a valuable, non-invasive neuroimaging biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. The current model-based, data-driven approach on whole-brain between-network connectivity to discriminate Parkinson's disease patients from healthy controls shows promising results with a very good accuracy and a very high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rubbert
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Sigl
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas A Teichert
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Department of Neurology, Ernst-von-Bergmann Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Julian Caspers
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blister and dissecting aneurysms may have a different pathological background but they are commonly defined by instability of the vessel wall and bear a high risk of fatal rupture and rerupture. Lack of aneurysm sack makes treatment challenging. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of endovascular treatment of intracranial blister and dissecting aneurysms. METHODS We retrospectively analysed all patients with ruptured and unruptured blister and dissecting aneurysms treated endovascularly between 2004-2018. Procedural details, complications, morbidity/mortality, clinical favourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) and aneurysm occlusion rates were assessed. RESULTS Thirty-four patients with endovascular treatment of 35 aneurysms (26 dissecting aneurysms and 9 blister aneurysms) were included. Five aneurysms were treated by parent vessel occlusion, and 30 aneurysms were treated by vessel reconstruction using stent monotherapy (n = 9), stent-assisted coiling (n = 7), flow diverting stents (n = 13) and coiling + Onyx embolization (n = 1). No aneurysm rebleeding and no procedure-related major complications or deaths occurred. There were five deaths in consequence of initial subarachnoid haemorrhage. Complete occlusion (79.2%) was detected in 19/24 aneurysms available for angiographic follow-up, and aneurysm recurrence in 2/24 (8.3%). The modified Rankin Scale ≤2 rate at mean follow-up of 15.1 months was 64.7%. CONCLUSION Treatment of blister and dissecting aneurysms developed from coil embolization to flow diversion with multiple stents to the usage of flow diverting stents. Results using modern flow diverting stents encourage us to effectively treat this aneurysm entity endovascularly by vessel reconstruction. Therefore, we recommend preference of vessel reconstructive techniques to parent vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius G Kaschner
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bastian Kraus
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Athanasios Petridis
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Goertz L, Dorn F, Kraus B, Borggrefe J, Forbrig R, Schlamann M, Liebig T, Turowski B, Kabbasch C. Improved Occlusion Rate of Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with the Derivo Embolization Device: One-Year Clinical and Angiographic Follow-Up in a Multicenter Study. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e1503-e1509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Weiss D, Kraus B, Rubbert C, Kaschner M, Jander S, Gliem M, Lee JI, Haensch CA, Turowski B, Caspers J. Systematic evaluation of computed tomography angiography collateral scores for estimation of long-term outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke. Neuroradiol J 2019; 32:277-286. [PMID: 31104586 DOI: 10.1177/1971400919847182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compares computed tomography angiography-based collateral scoring systems in regard to their inter-rater reliability and potential to predict functional outcome after endovascular thrombectomy, and relates them to parenchymal perfusion as measured by computed tomography perfusion. METHODS Eighty-four patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy in anterior circulation ischaemic stroke were enrolled. Modified Tan Score, Miteff Score, Maas Score and Opercular Index Score ratio were assessed in pre-interventional computed tomography angiographies independently by two readers. Collateral scores were tested for inter-rater reliability by weighted-kappa, for correlations with three-months modified Rankin Scale, and their potential to differentiate between patients with favourable (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥3). Correlations with relative cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood flow were tested in patients with available computed tomography perfusion. RESULTS Very good inter-rater reliability was found for Modified Tan, Miteff and Opercular Index Score ratio, and substantial reliability for Maas. There were no significant correlations between collateral scores and three-months modified Rankin Scale, but significant group differences between patients with favourable and poor outcome for Maas, Miteff and Opercular Index Score ratio. Miteff and Maas were significant predictors of favourable outcome in binary logistic regression analysis. Miteff best differentiated between both outcome groups in receiver-operating characteristics, and Maas reached highest sensitivity for favourable outcome prediction of 96%. All collateral scores significantly correlated with mean relative cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Computed tomography angiography scores are valuable in estimating functional outcome after mechanical thrombectomy and reliable across readers. The more complex scores, Maas and Miteff, show the best performances in predicting favourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- 1 Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bastian Kraus
- 1 Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- 1 Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Kaschner
- 1 Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jander
- 2 Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- 2 Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - John-Ih Lee
- 2 Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Carl-Albrecht Haensch
- 3 Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus St Franziskus, Viersener Str. 450, 41063 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Bernd Turowski
- 1 Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- 1 Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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