Prediction of the pathological subtypes by intraoperative frozen section for patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma (ECTOP-1015): a prospective multi-center study

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (FS) in determining the pathological subtypes among patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was a prospective, multi-center (7 centers in China) clinical trial of Eastern Cooperative Thoracic Oncology Projects (ECTOP-1015). Patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the study. Pathological images obtained from FS and final pathology (FP) were reviewed by at least two pathologists. The primary endpoint was the concordance between FS and FP diagnoses. The inter-observer agreement for identifying pathological subtypes on FS was evaluated among three pathologists.

RESULTS

A total of 935 patients were enrolled. The best sensitivity of diagnosing the predominant subtype was 78.2% in the evaluation of acinar pattern. Presence of acinar pattern diagnosed by FS was an independent factor for the concordance between FS and FP (P=0.007, 95% CI: 2.332-4.736). Patients with tumor size ＞2 cm measured by pathology showed a better concordance rate for the predominant subtype (81.6% vs 74.6%, P=0.023). The presence of radiological ground glass opacity (GGO) component did not affect the diagnosis accuracy of FS for predominant subtype (concordance rate: 76.4% vs 75.2%, P=0.687). Patients with GGO component showed better accuracy of the identification in the presence of LPA (82.1% vs 71.0%, P= 0.026). Substantial agreement between the FS diagnosis from 3 pathologists for the predominant pathological pattern was revealed with κ = 0.846.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the largest prospective trial evaluating FS diagnosing pathological subtype in cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. A favorable concordance in the assessment of the pathological subtypes between FS and FP was observed, indicating the feasibility of utilizing accurate intraoperative pathological diagnoses from FS in guiding surgical strategies. And combination of radiology could improve the precision of FS.

Nonlinear mechanical response analysis and convolutional neural network enabled diagnosis of single-span rotor bearing system

The wide application of rotating machinery has boosted the development of electricity and aviation, however, long-term operation can lead to a variety of faults. The use of different measures to deal with corresponding malfunctions is the key to generating benefits, so it is significant to carry out the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. In this work, a test bench for single-span rotor bearings was established, three faults, including spindle bending, spindle crack without end loading and spindle crack with end loading, are experimental analyzed with basic mechanical response. Moreover, a diagnosis is performed using a convolutional neural network, according to the differences in mechanical responses of the three faults obtained from experiments. For three faults, the change in the properties of spindle itself results in different axis trajectories and spectra. Compared with spindle bending fault, spindle crack fault not only cause 1×, 2×, 3× frequency component excitation, also 4×, 5× frequency component excitation. Additionally, the classification accuracy of the training set and the test set under machine learning for the three types of working conditions is 100%. This indicates that the network can significantly identify signal features so as to make effective fault classification.

Recycling Valuable Alkylbenzenes from Polystyrene through Methanol-Assisted Depolymerization

The vast bulk of polystyrene (PS), a major type of plastic polymers, ends up in landfills, which takes up to thousands of years to decompose in nature. Chemical recycling promises to enable lower-energy pathways and minimal environmental impacts compared with traditional incineration and mechanical recycling. Herein, we demonstrated that methanol as a hydrogen supplier assisted the depolymerization of PS (denoted as PS-MAD) into alkylbenzenes over a heterogeneous catalyst composed of Ru nanoparticles on SiO2. PS-MAD achieved a high yield of liquid products which accounted for 93.2 wt % of virgin PS at 280 °C for 6 h with the production rate of 118.1 mmolcarbon gcatal. -1 h-1. The major components were valuable alkylbenzenes (monocyclic aromatics and diphenyl alkanes), the sum of which occupied 84.3 wt % of liquid products. According to mechanistic studies, methanol decomposition dominates the hydrogen supply during PS-MAD, thereby restraining PS aromatization which generates by-products of fused polycyclic arenes and polyphenylenes.

Online Exploring the Gaseous Oil Fumes from Oleic Acid Thermal Oxidation by Synchrotron Radiation Photoionization Mass Spectrometry

Cooking oil fumes are an intricate and dynamic mixture containing a variety of poisonous and hazardous substances, and their real-time study remains challenging. Based on tunable synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry (SR-PIMS), isomeric/isobaric compounds in the gaseous oil fumes from oleic acid thermal oxidation were determined in real time and distinguished by photoionization efficiency (PIE) curve simulation combined with multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. A series of common carcinogens such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and several unreported chemicals including diethyl ether and formylcyclohexane were successfully characterized. Moreover, time-resolved profiles of certain components in gaseous oil fumes were monitored for 55 h. Distinct evolutionary processes were observed, indicating the consumption and formation of parent molecules, intermediates, and final products.

Study on the thermal oxidation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids by synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry

RATIONALE

Cooking oil fumes contain numerous hazardous and carcinogenic chemicals, posing potential threats to human health. However, the sources of these species remain ambiguous, impeding health risk assessment, pollution control and mechanism research.

METHODS

To address this issue, the thermal oxidation of three common unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), namely oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, present in vegetable oils was investigated. The volatile and semi-volatile products were comprehensively characterized by online synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry (SR-PIMS) with two modes, which were validated and complemented using offline gas chromatography (GC)/MS methods. Tunable SR-PIMS combined with photoionization efficiency curve simulation enabled the recognition of isomers/isobars in gaseous fumes.

RESULTS

SR-PIMS revealed over 100 products, including aldehydes, alkenes, furans, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., such as small molecules of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethylene and furan, which are not readily detected by conventional GC/MS; and some unreported fractions, e.g. ketene, 4-ethylcyclohexene and cycloundecene(E), were also observed. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of product emissions during the thermal oxidation of the three UFAs via SR-PIMS revealed that linolenic acid may be the major source of acrolein.

CONCLUSION

SR-PIMS has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for online investigation of cooking oil fumes. This study achieved comprehensive characterization of volatile and semi-volatile products from the thermal oxidation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, facilitating the traceability of species in cooking fumes and aiding in exploring the thermal reactions of different vegetable oils.

Magnetic properties and critical behaviors of the nodal-line semimetal candidate ErIn3

The AuCu3-type intermetallic compoundsReIn3(Re= a rare earth ion) with type-IV magnetic space groups are predicted to show topologically nontrivial electronic states. Here, we grow ErIn3single crystals, and study their magnetic properties and critical behaviors by means of the magnetic susceptibility, and magnetization isotherm measurements. Combining a detailed analysis of the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization, we find that this compound harbors a complicated magnetic phase diagram, and its magnetic moment arrangement appears not to simply follow the fashion as observed in the isostructural counterpart GdIn3(it adopts a conventional type-Cmagnetic structure that belongs to type-IV magnetic space groups). A careful study of the magnetic properties around the antiferromagnetic (AFM)-paramagnetic transition yields the critical exponentsβ= 0.309 (0.297),γ= 1.117 (1.038), andδ= 4.617 (4.454), indicating that the tricritical mean field model or the three-dimensional Ising model works for ErIn3's magnetic behaviors and the presence of a long-range AFM interaction therein. Besides, the exchange interaction distanceJ(r) ∼r-4.665as well confirms a long-range magnetic coupling in ErIn3. Our results offer the clues that the magnetic structure varies from one member ofReIn3family to another, and to confirm their electronic features in the AFM phases further experimental and theoretical studies are still desired.

iLSGRN: inference of large-scale gene regulatory networks based on multi-model fusion

MOTIVATION

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are a way of describing the interaction between genes, which contribute to revealing the different biological mechanisms in the cell. Reconstructing GRNs based on gene expression data has been a central computational problem in systems biology. However, due to the high dimensionality and non-linearity of large-scale GRNs, accurately and efficiently inferring GRNs is still a challenging task.

RESULTS

In this article, we propose a new approach, iLSGRN, to reconstruct large-scale GRNs from steady-state and time-series gene expression data based on non-linear ordinary differential equations. Firstly, the regulatory gene recognition algorithm calculates the Maximal Information Coefficient between genes and excludes redundant regulatory relationships to achieve dimensionality reduction. Then, the feature fusion algorithm constructs a model leveraging the feature importance derived from XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) and RF (Random Forest) models, which can effectively train the non-linear ordinary differential equations model of GRNs and improve the accuracy and stability of the inference algorithm. The extensive experiments on different scale datasets show that our method makes sensible improvement compared with the state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we perform cross-validation experiments on the real gene datasets to validate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION

The proposed method is written in the Python language, and is available at: https://github.com/lab319/iLSGRN.

Anisotropic magnetoresistance and electronic features of the candidate topological compound praseodymium monobismuthide

PrBi, a sister member of the rare-earth monopnictide family, is an excellent candidate for studying extreme magnetoresistance and nontrivial topological electronic states. In this study, we perform angular magnetoresistance measurements as well as bulk and surface band structure calculations on this compound. PrBi's magnetoresistance is revealed to be significantly angle-dependent and shows a fourfold symmetry as always observed in the nonmagnetic isostructural counterparts, including LaSb, LaBi, and LuBi. Its angular magnetoresistance can be reproduced well using the semiclassical two-band model. The deduced parameters suggest that PrBi hosts an elongated electron pocket with a mobility anisotropy of ∼3.13 and is slightly uncompensated in its carrier concentration. Our bulk and surface band structure calculations confirm the anisotropic electronic features. Moreover, we reveal that a nodal-line-shaped surface state appears at the X̄ point, and is associated with the quadratic dispersion along the -X̄ direction, and the linear type-I Dirac dispersion along the X̄-M̄ direction. Owing to the type-I Dirac dispersion feature, PrBi could serve as a promising material platform for studying many unexpected physical properties, such as the highly anisotropic transport and valley polarization of electrons.

Bioinspired microenvironment modulation of metal-organic framework-based catalysts for selective methane oxidation

Inspiration from natural enzymes enabling creationary catalyst design is appealing yet remains extremely challenging for selective methane (CH4) oxidation. This study presents the construction of a biomimetic catalyst platform for CH4 oxidation, which is constructed by incorporating Fe-porphyrin into a robust metal-organic framework, UiO-66, furnished with saturated monocarboxylic fatty acid bearing different long alkyl chains. The catalysts demonstrate the high efficiency in the CH4 to methanol (CH3OH) conversion at 50 °C. Moreover, the selectivity to CH3OH can be effectively regulated and promoted through a fine-tuned microenvironment by hydrophobic modification around the Fe-porphyrin. The long-chain fatty acids anchored on the Zr-oxo cluster of UiO-66 can not only tune the electronic state of the Fe sites to improve CH4 adsorption, but also restrict the amount of H2O2 around the Fe sites to reduce the overoxidation. This behavior resembles the microenvironment regulation in methane monooxygenase, resulting in high CH3OH selectivity.

Illustrating the Fate of Methyl Radical in Photocatalytic Methane Oxidation over Ag-ZnO by in situ Synchrotron Radiation Photoionization Mass Spectrometry

Photocatalysis has emerged as an ideal method for the direct activation and conversion of methane under mild conditions. In this reaction, methyl radical (•CH3) was deemed a key intermediate that affected the yields and selectivity of the products. However, direct observation of •CH3 and other intermediates is still challenging. Here, a rectangular photocatalytic reactor coupled with in situ synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry (SR-PIMS) was developed to detect reactive intermediates within several hundred microseconds during photocatalytic methane oxidation over Ag-ZnO. Gas phase •CH3 generated by photogenerated holes (O-) was directly observed, and its formation was demonstrated to be significantly enhanced by coadsorbed oxygen molecules. Methoxy radical (CH3O•) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were confirmed to be key C1 intermediates in photocatalytic methane overoxidation to CO2. The gas-phase self-coupling reaction of •CH3 contributes to the formation of ethane, which indicates the key role of •CH3 desorption in the highly selective synthesis of ethane. Based on the observed intermediates, the reaction network initiated from •CH3 of photocatalytic methane oxidation could be clearly illustrated, which is helpful for studying the photocatalytic methane conversion processes.

Risk factors for rapid eye-movement sleep-related behavioral disorders (RBDs): A systematic review and a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to systematically analyze the risk factors for RBD.

METHODS

A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies derived from the articles published in eight electronic databases before December 1, 2021. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and heterogeneity was quantified using I². Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to explore sources of heterogeneity. Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were performed. The PROSPERO ID number of the present study is CRD42021293942.

RESULTS

We identified 26 studies (44,230 subjects) among 2022 citations, and 13 factors were considered. Male sex (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13-1.64), smoking (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.26-1.50), depression (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.66-2.56), antidepressant use (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.98-2.82), duration of neuropsychiatric disorders(OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.13-1.73), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD, OR = 60.15, 95% CI = 23.95-96.35) and observable motor dysfunction (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 0.65-4.22) were associated with a higher risk of RBD. Tertiary education and above (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.96) was associated with a lower RBD risk. Men (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10-1.78, I² = 0%, P = 0.005) and older individual (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.03-4.43, I² = 60%, P = 0.002) were more likely to have iRBD.

CONCLUSION

Six modifiable risk factors and one protective factor were associated with RBD. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms and to develop preventative strategies.

Why does patients’ discharge delay after vertebral augmentation? A factor analysis of 1,442 patients

Objective

Vertebral augmentation techniques are widely used to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Superior analgesic effects and shortened bed rest time means patients recover quickly, but prolonged unscheduled hospitalization can increase medical expenses and the risk of bed rest complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for prolonged hospitalization after vertebral augmentation surgery and to determine the relative risk factors.

Methods

A single-center retrospective study was conducted to enroll patients with OVCFs and accepted vertebral augmentation surgery from January 2017 to December 2017. Clinical information was collected from the Hospital Information System (HIS). The criterion of delayed discharge was postoperative hospitalization more than 3 days. Telephone interviews and medical history evaluations were conducted to confirm the exact reason for retention. The risk factors were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 1,442 patients were included, and 191 (13.2%) stayed in the hospital for more than 3 days postoperatively. The reasons for delayed discharge were psychological factors (37.2%), residual pain (32.5%), cardiopulmonary complications (15.7%), nonspecific symptoms (8.4%), incision abnormalities (2.6%), thrombosis (2.1%), and postanesthesia reactions (1.6%). The multiple logistic model was significant; age (OR 1.028; 95% CI 1.009–1.046), preoperative stay (OR 1.192; 95% CI 1.095–1.298), operation type (OR 1.494; 95% CI 1.019–2.189), and the number of surgical segments (OR 2.238; 95% CI 1.512–3.312) showed statistical significance. In contrast, gender (P > 0.1) and chronic comorbidities (P > 0.1) were not predictors in this model.

Conclusion

Overall, 13.2% of OVCF patients who underwent vertebral augmentation surgery were not discharged within 3 days postoperatively, and several predictors were found. Preoperative communication and comprehensive evaluations are calling for more attention; physicians should adopt an appropriate medical process to enhance rehabilitation in geriatric orthopedics.

Biomechanical effects of different lateral mass injury patterns on subaxial cervical fracture dislocations after anterior cervical surgery: a finite element study

OBJECTIVE

The lateral mass joint plays an important role in maintaining the mechanical stability of the subaxial cervical spine. We first performed a three-dimensional finite element (FE) biomechanical study to evaluate the local mechanical stability of subaxial cervical fracture dislocations after anterior-only fixation for lateral mass injuries of varying severity.

METHODS

A three-dimensional FE model of the subaxial cervical spine with simple anterior fixation for C5-6 fracture dislocation was reconstructed. According to their different morphological characteristics of unilateral lateral mass injuries, the lateral mass injury was divided into six types. The range of motion (ROM) of each part and the stress of the cage, each intervertebral disc, titanium plate, and screw stress were recorded.

RESULTS

The ROM of C3-4, C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7 in type 4 was higher than that of the other five types. The maximum equivalent stress on C4-5 intervertebral discs, titanium plates, and screws in type 4 under various sports loads was higher than that produced by the other load types. In the stress cloud diagram of the front titanium plate and screws, the degree of stress was the highest in type 4. Stress placed on each part of the model, from high to low, was as follows: plate, screw, C6, C5, and C7.

CONCLUSION

Greater injury severity is associated with higher stress on the plate and screw with exercise loads. Type 4 lateral mass injuries, characterized by ipsilateral pedicle and lamina junction fractures, significantly affected biomechanical stability after simple anterior fixation.

Study of the Void Structure of PAN Fiber by Small Angle x-ray Scattering and Spline Function

The voids in fibers, especially in wet spun fibers are a major factor of fiber structure which greatly affects the fiber properties. A lot of research has shown that the inner voids and surface imperfections were the main causes of strength decreases. Therefore it is very important to determine the void morphology development in fiber processing in order to obtain high quality as-spun fiber.

In this paper we introduce a new method for the determination of void morphology using small angle x-ray scattering with a spline function method in which the average void size, size distribution and the related scattering power as well is obtained.

Clinical Benefit With PARP Inhibitor for Pathogenic Germline FANCA-Mutated Relapsed Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report

Background

PARP inhibitors have been approved as targeted therapy for BRCA-deficient metastatic ovarian cancer (OC). Fanconi anemia complementation group A (FANCA), one of the homologous recombination repair pathway genes, is a susceptibility gene to breast cancer and OC. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate whether germline FANCA-mutated relapsed epithelial OC could achieve clinical benefit from the treatment of PARP inhibitor.

Case Presentation

A 49-year-old female patient without a family history of cancer was diagnosed with epithelial OC. This patient underwent surgical resection plus platinum-based treatment twice in 2016 and 2018, successively. After the second relapse in July 2019, the patient underwent another radical resection. The next-generation sequencing analysis results revealed a germline FANCA mutation in the tumor tissue. Subsequently, the third-line treatment of liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride plus lobaplatin was administrated for five cycles with the patient’s consent. Then, oral niraparib (200 mg daily) was given for maintenance treatment. During the follow-up, no evidence of tumor recurrence was observed. Currently, the survival with no evidence of disease has already exceeded 21 months, and the treatment is still going on.

Conclusions

This case highlighted that OC patients harboring pathogenic gene alterations in the homologous recombination pathway might achieve clinical benefit from PARP inhibitors, which should be confirmed in further studies.

[Association between inflammation activity of left atrial epicardial adipose tissue measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT and atrial fibrillation]

Objective: To explore the association between inflammation activity of left atrial epicardial adipose tissue (LA-EAT) measured by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: A total of 78 patients with AF, who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the Nuclear Medicine Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University due to abnormally elevated levels of tumor indicators or malignant tumors from March 2018 to December 2019, were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the examination date of PET/CT and basic characteristics of AF patients (gender, age), a 1∶1 propensity score matching was used to enroll a non-AF control group (78 patients). The maximum standard uptake value of left atrial epicardial tissue (LA-EAT FDG SUV_max) and total EAT volume (V-EAT) were measured by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left atrial diameter (LAD) were obtained by echocardiography. Blood lipids and biomarkers of inflammation were measured. The differences of clinical data and EAT-related indicators were compared between the AF group and control group. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the related factors of AF. Then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff value of LA-EAT FDG SUV_max on the diagnosis of AF. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the increase of LA-EAT FDG SUV_max and AF. Results: The age was (66.9±10.2) years and there were 55 males (70.5%) in the AF group. The age was (66.9±8.0) years, and there were 52 males (66.7%) in the control group (both P>0.05). The LAD ((44.2±5.8) mm vs. (35.4±4.4) mm), V-EAT ((122.1±42.0) cm³ vs. (91.6±34.5) cm³), and LA-EAT FDG SUV_max ((1.6±0.3) vs. (1.4±0.2)) values were significantly higher, while LVEF ((60.1±4.7)% vs. (63.9±2.9)%) was lower in the AF group than in the control group (P all<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LAD (OR=1.340, 95%CI 1.195-1.502), V-EAT (OR=1.016, 95%CI 1.001-1.031), and LA-EAT FDG SUV_max (OR=1.375, 95%CI 1.095-1.723) were positively correlated with AF, LVEF (OR=0.781, 95%CI 0.659-0.926) was negatively correlated with AF(P all<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of LA-EAT FDG SUV_max for diagnosis of AF was 0.680 (95%CI 0.597-0.764, P<0.001), and the best cut-off value was 1.415 with a sensitivity of 65.4% and specificity of 61.5%. After adjusting for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LVEF, LAD and V-EAT, LA-EAT FDG SUV_max≥1.415 was independently associated with AF (OR=2.982, 95%CI 1.122-7.926, P=0.010). Conclusions: The inflammatory activity of LA-EAT measured by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is an independent risk factor of AF, and the increased inflammatory activity of LA-EAT is positively correlated with AF.

The role of TGF-β pathway alterations in immune regulation as a potential pan-cancer biomarker in immunotherapy

BACKGROUND

Depending on the context, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is involved in opposing cell processes of tumor suppression and tumor promotion. However, the effects of TGF-β pathway on immunotherapy efficacy have not yet been systematically investigated.

METHODS

In this study, we have extracted the available data of whole-exome sequencing, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, baseline characterization, and prognosis information of 10,912 pan-cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas to explore the role of TGF-β pathway in immune regulation. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 6,717 Chinese cancer patients assayed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used as a validation cohort (3DMed cohort). Data sets from the public MSK (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) cohort (N=1,610) were used to explore the association of TGF-β pathway with immunotherapy effects.

RESULTS

The results showed that TGF-β pathway alteration was significantly correlated with high microsatellite instability (MSI), high tumor mutational burden, and high neoantigen burden (TNB) (P<0.001 for each). Consistently, the pathway mutations were associated with distinct patterns of immune-related gene expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Patients with TGF-β pathway mutations exhibited significantly worse prognosis than did the wild-type patients regardless of the interventions [overall survival (OS): hazard ratio (HR) 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.33; P=0.001]. However, when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), superior survival benefit was observed in patients from the mutation group versus the wild-type group (OS: HR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61-0.88; P=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Collectively, our study suggested that mutations in TGF-β pathway may be associated with positive immune regulation and better efficacy of immunotherapy.

Coupled electronic and magnetic relaxation in Fe1+yTe: direct evidence for the interaction between itinerant carriers and local moments

Iron chalcogenides are of particular interests among iron-based superconductors due to their distinct properties such as high-T_con FeSe monolayer and competing magnetic correlations in Fe_1+yTe. Here we report unusual transport properties observed near the critical composition of Fe_1+yTe (y∼ 0.09) where competing magnetic correlations exist. The resistivity exhibits surprising temperature-dependent relaxation behavior belowT_N, resulting in the increase of resistivity with time for 35 K <T<T_N, but the decrease of resistivity with time for 10 K <T< 35 K. Such resistivity relaxation is intimately coupled to the magnetization relaxation and can be attributed to the glassy magnetic states induced by the competing magnetic orders. These findings demonstrate strong coupling between itinerant carriers and local ordered moments in Fe_1+yTe.

Can paraspinal muscle degeneration be a reason for refractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty? A magnetic resonance imaging observation

Background

Vertebral augmentation (VA) techniques are used to treat acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). However, the incidence of recurrent vertebral fractures after VA is controversial. Various factors have been discussed in the literature, but no convincing study on the quality of paraspinal muscles has been reported. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the changes in paraspinal muscles and discuss the relationship between paraspinal muscle degeneration and vertebral refractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent PKP for an initial OVCF between July 2017 and August 2018. Patients were followed up and categorized in the refractured or non-refractured group. A final magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and a preoperative MRI scan were used to determine the measurements. The paraspinal muscles at the mid-height level of the initial fractured vertebral body were measured using regions of interest (ROIs), including the cross-sectional area (CSA) and signal intensity (SI). The changes in the observed data were compared between the groups using rank-sum tests.

Results

Overall, 92 patients were enrolled in the study; 33 of them sustained vertebral refractures during the follow-up and the other 59 patients did not. There were no significant differences in terms of sex, age, preoperative bone mineral density, and body mass index between the groups (all, P > 0.05). The refractured group had a significantly higher decrease in the ROI-CSA and CSA/SI, and a higher increase in ROI-SI, compared with the preoperative data (all, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The quality of paraspinal muscles significantly decreased in patients with new OVCFs after PKP. This brings a new perspective to the study of postoperative recurrent fractures; patients and physicians need to pay more attention to the efficacy of bed rest and bracing.

Characterization of serum adiponectin and leptin in healthy perinatal dairy cows or cows with ketosis, and their effectson ketosis involved indices

We investigated changes in concentrations of ADP (adiponectin), LEP (leptin), BHBA (beta-hydroxybutyric acid), NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid), Glucose (Glu) and INS (insulin) in serum of healthy perinatal dairy cows and cows with ketosis. Twenty-one healthy cows and seventeen cows with ketosis from a herd of a total 60 Holstein cows (near dry period i.e. 56 days antepartum) were selected. Blood was collected through the tail vein every 7 days, from 56 day antepartum to 56 day postpartum. Serum ADP, LEP, BHBA, NEFA, Glu, and INS concentrations were determined, and ketosis was diagnosed through serum BHBA (≥1.2 mmol/L). We showed the concentration of serum adipokines and energy balancing indices were stable during antepar- tum period. However, ADP concentration increased while LEP decreased, and there were a significant increase in cows with ketosis compared to that of in healthy cows. Serum BHBA and NEFA concentrations increased significantly at first, and then gradually decreased in both healthy cows and cows with ketosis. However, cows with ketosis showed higher concentrations of BHBA and NEFA which restored later. The serum concentration of Glu in both healthy dairy cows and cows with ketosis showed a decreasing trend. INS concentration in healthy cows was decreased while it was increased in cows with ketosis. The results reflect the extent of hypo- glycemia and lipid mobilization postpartum, suggest IR exists in cows with ketosis while serum ADP and LEP might play roles in the development of ketosis.

Simultaneous Determination of Five Organotins in Tropical Fruits Using Modified QuEChERS Combined with Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A sensitive, confirmatory ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on modified QuEChERS was developed and validated to detect five organotin compounds (tributyltin chloride (TBT), triphenyltin chloride (TPT), trimethyltin chloride (TMT), azocyclotin and cyhexatin) in classical tropical fruits (mango, pineapple and banana). Fruits samples were ultrasonically extracted with methanol and subsequently purified by graphitized carbon black adsorbents. Five organotins were separated on a C18 column with the mobile phase of a mixture of methanol and 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid, and detected by MS/MS under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), recovery and precision. Results were linear in their corresponding concentration ranges, with coefficients of determination (r) bigger than 0.999. The average LODs (S/N = 3) of the method for TBT, TPT, TMT, azocyclotin and cyhexatin were 1.3, 3.5, 3.2, 5.1 and 1.7 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries (n = 5) at three spiked levels (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) ranged from 69 to 103% with relative standard deviations of 2.1-11.9%. The method is simple, effective, accurate and non-derivatized, and meets the routine monitoring requirements for trace organotins in tropical fruits.

Hybrid Capture-based Genomic Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA From Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Objective: We conducted this study to characterize somatic genomic alterations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with ovarian cancer and compare GAs detected in ctDNA with tissue databases. Methods: Hybrid capture-next generation sequencing genomic profiling of 150 genes was performed on ctDNA from 138 patients with ovarian cancer with 1,500× sequencing depth. The GAs detected in ctDNA were compared with those in our ovarian cancer tissue database (N = 488) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (N = 489). Results: 115 patients (83%) had at least 1 GA detected in ctDNA. The most frequently altered genes detected in ctDNA were TP53 (72%), KRAS (11%), LRP1B (10%), ZNF703 (9%) and NF1 (8%). Comparative analysis with our tissue database showed similar frequencies of GAs per gene, although PIK3CA and KRAS mutations were more frequent in tissue and ctDNA, respectively (p < 0.05). Gene amplification and rearrangement were more frequent in ctDNA samples. The mutation frequency of homologous recombination repair associated-genes, VEGF signal/angiogenesis pathways, RAS pathways, NOTCH pathways and MSI-H ratio was not statistically different either in ctDNA or in tissue database. However, the mutation frequency of AKT, PIK3CA, PTEN and STK11 in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was significantly lower than that in tissue samples (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that genomic profiling of ctDNA could detect somatic GAs in a significant subset of patients with ovarian cancer. Hybrid capture-NGS based on liquid biopsy has the potential capability to serve as a substitute to tissue biopsy and further studies are warranted.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000282 contributes to osteosarcoma cell proliferation by regulating miR-192/XIAP axis

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a novel category of non-coding RNA, which exhibit a pivotal effect on regulating gene expression and biological functions, yet how circRNAs function in osteosarcoma (OSA) still demands further investigation. This study aimed at probing into the function of hsa_circ_0000282 in OSA.

Methods

The expressions of circ_0000282 and miR-192 in OSA tissues and cell lines were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the correlation between the expression level of circ_0000282 and clinicopathological features of OSA patients was analyzed. The expressions of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in OSA cells were assayed by Western blot. The proliferation and apoptosis of OSA cells were examined by CCK-8, BrdU and flow cytometry, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RIP experiments were employed to predict and validate the targeting relationships between circ_0000282 and miR-192, and between miR-192 and XIAP, respectively.

Results

Circ_0000282 was highly expressed in OSA tissues and cell lines, which represented positive correlation with Enneking stage of OSA patients and negative correlation with tumor differentiation degree. In vitro experiments confirmed that overexpression of circ_0000282 markedly facilitated OSA cell proliferation and repressed cancer cell apoptosis in comparison to control group. Besides, knockdown of circ_0000282 repressed OSA cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, the binding relationships between circ_0000282 and miR-192, and between miR-192 and XIAP were validated. Circ_0000282 indirectly up-regulated XIAP expression by adsorbing miR-192, thereby playing a role in promoting cancer in OSA.

Conclusion

Circ_0000282 was a novel oncogenic circRNA in OSA. Circ_0000282/miR-192/XIAP axis regulated OSA cell proliferation apoptosis with competitive endogenous RNA mechanism.

Endothelium capture-based liver segment imaging using vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in preclinical ex vivo models

BACKGROUND

Near-infrared (NIR) imaging of liver segments provides substantial information for surgeons performing liver resection. It was hypothesized that ramucirumab, an endothelium-specific antibody approved by the Food and Drug Administration, could be used for liver segment imaging using the endothelium capture principle.

METHODS

The capture efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and segment imaging were studied in a mouse model. Binding of ramucirumab in human and porcine tissues was studied using immunofluorescence staining. Isolated porcine liver perfusion was used to analyse the labelling and NIR imaging of selected liver segments.

RESULTS

VEGFR2 is well expressed on the endothelium of the smallest microvascular blood vessels in mouse, porcine and human liver tissues, as well as in human liver tumours. Perfusion of selected segments in the isolated liver model showed high capture of the anti-VEGFR2 (clone 522302) mAb and ramucirumab in mice and pigs respectively. NIR imaging of selected segments was achieved using isolated porcine liver perfusion with IRDye® 800CW-conjugated ramucirumab.

CONCLUSION

VEGFR2 is well expressed on the smallest microvascular blood vessels and can capture antibodies during single intravascular passages with high efficacy. The ex vivo imaging of a selected segment using endothelial capture of ramucirumab demonstrates the potential of this antibody for intraoperative navigation in liver surgery. Surgical relevance Imaging of liver segments provides substantial information for surgeons when performing liver resection. The antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 antibody ramucirumab conjugated with near-infrared dye could visualize selected liver segments using an endothelial capture-based approach in an isolated perfusion liver model. The ex vivo imaging of a selected segment using endothelial capture of ramucirumab demonstrates the potential of this anti-VEGFR2 antibody for intraoperative navigation in liver surgery.

LncRNA H19 serves as a ceRNA and participates in non-small cell lung cancer development by regulating microRNA-107

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether lncRNA H19 can regulate NF1 expression through competitive binding to microRNA-107, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Expression levels of H19 and NF1 in NSCLC tissues, paracancerous tissues and NSCLC cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The binding condition of microRNA-107, H19 and NF1 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Corresponding lentiviruses of H19 were constructed. The regulatory effects of H19 on proliferative and migratory abilities of A549 cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay, respectively. Rescue experiments were conducted to explore the regulatory interaction between H19 and microRNA-107 in A549 cells.

RESULTS

H19 and NF1 were highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines (A549 and HCC823) than those of controls. Overexpressed H19 increased proliferative and migratory abilities of A549 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that H19 regulates NF1 expression through competitive binding to microRNA-107, thereafter participating in NSCLC development.

CONCLUSIONS

H19 is highly expressed in NSCLC, which promotes NSCLC development by regulating NF1 via competitive binding to microRNA-107.

Phosphorus-mediated alleviation of aluminum toxicity revealed by the iTRAQ technique in Citrus grandis roots

Citrus grandis seedlings were irrigated with nutrient solutions with four Al-P combinations [two Al levels (0 mM and 1.2 mM AlCl3·6H2O) × two P levels (0 μM and 200 μM KH2PO4)] for 18 weeks. Al dramatically inhibited the growth of C. grandis seedlings, as revealed by a decreased dry weight of roots and shoots. Elevating P level could ameliorate the Al-induced growth inhibition and organic acid (malate and citrate) secretion in C. grandis. Using a comparative proteomic approach revealed by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique, 318 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were successfully identified and quantified in this study. The possible mechanisms underlying P-induced alleviation of Al toxicity in C. grandis were proposed. Furthermore, some DAPs, such as GLN phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase 2, ATP-dependent caseinolytic (Clp) protease/crotonase family protein, methionine-S-oxide reductase B2, ABC transporter I family member 17 and pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase, were reported for the first time to respond to Al stress in Citrus plants. Our study provides some proteomic details about the alleviative effects of P on Al toxicity in C. grandis, however, the exact function of the DAPs identified herein in response to Al tolerance in plants must be further investigated.

[Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and CYP1A1 gene and enzyme activity of peripheral blood monocyte cells in coke oven workers]

Objective: To explore the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 expression at gene and enzyme activity levels in the peripheral blood monocyte cells in coke oven workers, and to provide a certain basis for the biological monitoring of health damage in coke oven workers. Methods: We surveyed 118 coke oven workers and 63 controls (energy power workers in the same company) using self-designed questionnaire, determined their post-shift urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Py) concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detector method. We also isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from fasting venous blood, and detected DNA damage using comet assay, CYP1A1 mRNA level using the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR), and EROD activity using spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses including one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the association of urinary 1-OH-Py and CYP1A1 mRNA level and EROD activity. Results: Compared to the control group, the urinary 1-OH-Py concentration and PBMC DNA tail moment were significantly increased in coke oven workers (P<0.05), and CYP1A1 gene level and EROD activity in PBMC were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that a ten-fold increase of urinary 1-OH-Pycon centration was associated with a decrease of 0.77 (95%CI: -1.33--0.21) in CYP1A1 gene level, and a decline of 0.15 (95%CI: -0.76--0.16) in EROD activity of PBMC in coke oven workers (P<0.05). Conclusion: Occupational PAHs exposure induced DNA damage, which was associated with the decreased level in CYP1A1 gene cavel and EROD activity in PBMC of coke oven workers.

[Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the peripheral blood of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients and its implications]

Objective: To investigate the expression of programmed death 1(PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on T lymphocyte and monocyte from peripheral blood of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its potential role in immune escape of NSCLC. Methods: Forty-eight patients with advanced NSCLC (Lung Cancer Group) were included from the Department of Respiratory Diseases in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2014 to June 2015. Thirty-six healthy volunteers who received health examination at the same time, matching in sex, age were also enrolled as controls. The expression of PD-1 on peripheral blood CD4(+)T cells and CD8(+)T cells and PD-L1 on monocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Patients who received chemotherapy alone for 2-4 cycles and received sequential sampling were assessed with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Seven cases of patients with significant response to treatment were selected as partial response (PR) group and ten patients with poor response to treatment were treated as progression disease(PD) group. The differences in the expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD4(+)T cells, CD8(+)T cells, and PD-L1 on the surface of monocyte before and after treatment were analyzed. Results: Compared with healthy control group, PD-1 expression level on both CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells from peripheral blood in lung cancer group were significantly increased [(25.9±7.4)% vs (20.6±6.2)%, (19.9±9.8)% vs (14.0±5.6)%, both P<0.05]. A higher level of PD-L1 expression on monocyte in lung cancer group was also found compared with the control group [(33.1±15.1)% vs (13.6±5.3)%, P<0.001]. The expression level of PD-1 on CD4(+)T and CD8(+)T cells and PD-L1 on monocytes in lung cancer group with good response to treatment was relatively lower than the baseline level of before treatment [(22.8±8.5)% vs (25.9±7.8)%, (17.1±8.4)% vs (20.4±8.6)%, (18.1±6.9)% vs (31.3±13.2)%, all P<0.05], but in lung cancer group with poor response to treatment, it was higher than the baseline level of before treatment [(33.5±6.5)% vs (23.9±4.2)%, (25.2±9.1)% vs (19.1±8.8)%, (43.1±18.3)% vs (29.7±10.6)%, all P<0.05]. Conclusion: Abnormal expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 exists in T cells and monocytes respectively, prompting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may inhibit T cell proliferation during the interaction of T cell and monocyte, which may lead to non-small cell lung cancer immune escape.

Climate change impacts on crop yield, soil water balance and nitrate leaching in the semiarid and humid regions of Canada

The impact of climate change on agricultural systems is a major concern as it can have a significant effect on the world food supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate climate change impacts on crop production and nitrate leaching in two distinct climatic zones in Canada. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was selected for the semiarid regions of Western Canada (Swift Current, SK) and maize (Zea mays L.) was chosen for the more humid regions of central Canada (Woodslee, ON). Climate scenarios were based upon simulations from a Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and crop simulations were conducted using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model. Compared to the baseline climate scenario, wheat yields increased by 8, 8, 11, 15%, whereas maize yields decreased by 15, 25, 22, 41% under RCP4.5 2050s (2041-2070), RCP4.5 2080s (2071-2100), RCP8.5 2050s and RCP8.5 2080s scenarios, respectively. Annual nitrate leaching increased by 19, 57, 73, 129% at Swift Current and by 84, 117, 208, 317% at Woodslee under the four scenarios, respectively. Adaptation measures suggested that fertilizer N rate for spring wheat should be increased to 80-100 kg N ha-1 to obtain optimal yields although this will result in an additional risk of 5-8 kg N ha-1 nitrate leaching at Swift Current. The fertilizer N rate of 150 kg N ha-1 was found to be suitable for high maize yields at Woodslee. New wheat and maize cultivars with long growing seasons would enable crop growth to match the phenological stage and hence maintain high crop yields to adapt to increased temperatures in the future.

Predicted final spinal height in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can be achieved by surgery regardless of maturity status

AIMS

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maturity status at the time of surgery on final spinal height in patients with an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using the spine-pelvic index (SPI). The SPI is a self-control ratio that is independent of age and maturity status.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The study recruited 152 female patients with a Lenke 1 AIS. The additional inclusion criteria were a thoracic Cobb angle between 45° and 70°, Risser 0 to 1 or 3 to 4 at the time of surgery, and follow-up until 18 years of age or Risser stage 5. The patients were stratified into four groups: Risser 0 to 1 and selective fusion surgery (Group 1), Risser 0 to 1 and non-selective fusion (Group 2), Risser 3 to 4 and selective fusion surgery (Group 3), and Risser 3 to 4 and non-selective fusion (Group 4). The height of spine at follow-up (HOS_f) and height of pelvis at follow-up (HOP_f) were measured and the predicted HOS (pHOS) was calculated as 2.22 (SPI) × HOP_f. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Of the 152 patients, there were 32 patients in Group 1, 27 patients in Group 2, 48 patients in Group 3, and 45 patients in Group 4. Significantly greater HOS_f was observed in Group 3 compared with Group 1 (p = 0.03) and in Group 4 compared with Group 2 (p = 0.02), with similar HOP_f (p = 0.75 and p = 0.83, respectively), suggesting that patients who undergo surgery at Risser grade of 0 to 1 have a shorter spinal height at follow-up than those who have surgery at Risser 4 to 5. HOS_f was similar to pHOS in both Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.62 and p = 0.45, respectively), indicating that undergoing surgery at Risser 0 to 1 does not necessarily affect final spinal height.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that fusion surgery at Risser 0 may result in growth restriction unlike fusion surgery at Risser 3 to 4. Despite such growth restriction, AIS patients could reach their predicted or 'normal' spinal height after surgery regardless of baseline maturity status due to the longer baseline spinal length in AIS patients and the remaining growth potential at the non-fusion levels. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1372-6.

Adsorption and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water through the aggregation of graphene oxide

In this study, a simple method was developed for the aggregation of graphene oxide (GO) with the addition of NaCl to concentrate and separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples, and this method was used as a environmentally friendly method for the determination of PAHs. We demonstrate the uniform dispersion of GO sheets in aqueous samples for the fast high-efficiency adsorption of PAHs. Aggregation occurred immediately upon elimination of electrostatic repulsion by adding NaCl to neutralize the excessive negative charges on the surfaces of the GO sheets. The aggregates of GO and PAHs were separated and treated with hexane to form a slurry. The slurry was filtered and subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Based on a 40-mL sample volume, limits of detection of 10–30 ng L-1were obtained for 16 PAHs, with correlation coefficients (R2) exceeding 0.99. The method yielded good recovery, ranging from 80 to 111% and 80 to 107% for real spiked water samples at 100 and 500 ng L-1, respectively. Compared to traditional solid-phase extraction and liquid–liquid extraction methods, this method is free of organic reagents in the pretreatment procedure and uses only 1 mL hexane for sample introduction.

Role of the tumour protein P53 gene in human cervical squamous carcinoma cells: Discussing haematopoietic cell-specific protein 1-associated protein X-1-induced survival, migration and proliferation

The haematopoietic cell-specific protein 1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1), as a mitochondrial membrane protein, induces cancer progression and metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of HAX-1-induced survival, migration and proliferation of human cervical squamous carcinoma cells and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms. The level of HAX-1 was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The survival, migration and proliferation of the human cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cell line were measured by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, Transwell assay and ³H-thymidine incorporation into DNA (³H-TdR) assay, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by the fluorescence of H₂DCFDA, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was tested using a JC-1 probe. The expression of the HAX-1 gene was significantly increased in human cervical carcinoma tissues relative to non-cancerous cervix tissues. Overexpression of HAX-1 increased the survival, migration and proliferation ability of SiHa cells, decreased the production of ROS, and maintained the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane and morphology. The effect brought on these cells could be abrogated by the addition of wild-type tumour protein P53 (p53) or carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoro methoxyphenylhydrazone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In summary, these data support the notion that HAX-1 induced the survival, migration and proliferation of human cervical squamous carcinoma cells by inhibiting its downstream regulatory factor p53 in SiHa cells.

Abstract P5-07-03: Withdrawn

This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.

Evidence of s-wave superconductivity in the noncentrosymmetric La7Ir3

Superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric compounds has attracted sustained interest in the last decades. Here we present a detailed study on the transport, thermodynamic properties and the band structure of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor La 7 Ir 3 (T c  ~ 2.3 K) that was recently proposed to break the time-reversal symmetry. It is found that La7Ir3 displays a moderately large electronic heat capacity (Sommerfeld coefficient γ n  ~ 53.1 mJ/mol K2) and a significantly enhanced Kadowaki-Woods ratio (KWR ~32 μΩ cm mol2 K2 J-2) that is greater than the typical value (~10 μΩ cm mol2 K2 J-2) for strongly correlated electron systems. The upper critical field Hc2 was seen to be nicely described by the single-band Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model down to very low temperatures. The hydrostatic pressure effects on the superconductivity were also investigated. The heat capacity below T c reveals a dominant s-wave gap with the magnitude close to the BCS value. The first-principles calculations yield the electron-phonon coupling constant λ = 0.81 and the logarithmically averaged frequency ω ln  = 78.5 K, resulting in a theoretical T c  = 2.5 K, close to the experimental value. Our calculations suggest that the enhanced electronic heat capacity is more likely due to electron-phonon coupling, rather than the electron-electron correlation effects. Collectively, these results place severe constraints on any theory of exotic superconductivity in this system.

A novel liquid chromatography detector based on a dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometer with online microwave-assisted hydrolysis for determination of dithiocarbamates

A novel detector for liquid chromatography (LC) for the determination of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicides is presented with a miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge–microplasma molecular emission spectrometer and an online microwave-assisted hydrolysis reactor.

Percutaneous kyphoplasty versus posterior spinal fixation with vertebroplasty for treatment of Kümmell disease: A case-control study with minimal 2-year follow-up

This is a retrospective case-control study.The aim of this study was to compare the surgical results of percutaneous kyphoplasty (KP) and posterior spinal fixation with vertebroplasty (PSF+VP) for treatment of Kümmell disease (KD).KD is rare form of post-traumatic delayed avascular necrosis of the vertebral body. It is reported that KP is an effect measure for treatment of KD. Some studies have recommended posterior spinal fixation with vertebroplasty for KD.A total of 100 patients with KD who underwent spinal surgery at our hospital were enrolled from January 2008 to December 2013. The inclusion criteria were monosegment lesion without neurological deficit; the segments are restricted to T11-L2; conservative treatment is invalid. The exclusion criteria were metastatic spinal tumors, infection, primary bone tumor, and multiple myeloma; bisegments and multi-segments; patients with neurological symptoms; the defect of posterior wall of vertebral body; the occupying of vertebral canal. The symptomatic vertebrae were restricted to T11-L2. Patients who were followed-up for less than 2 years after surgery were excluded. Finally, there are 25 patients in the KP group and 21 in the PSF+VP group. There were no significant differences in patient age, disease duration, or the length of follow-up between the 2 groups.Operative time (43.2 ± 21.8 vs 230.6 ± 87.1 minutes) was significantly longer and bleeding volume (5.3 ± 3.1 vs 215.0 ± 170.2 mL) significantly greater in the PSF+VP group. No significant difference between the 2 groups was observed in Visual analog scale score (VAS) (1.3 ± 0.9 vs 1.2 ± 0.9), Oswestry disability index score (ODI) (27.2 ± 9.0 vs 26.0 ± 6.3), and Cobb angle (17.0 ± 7.2 vs 16.5 ± 2.8). KP resulted in a shorter operation time, less bleeding volume, and fewer postoperative complications than PSF+VP.This study shows that both treatments KP and PSF+VP for KD can be safe and effective for the patients with monosegment lesion and without neurological deficit. However, KP show the advantages in a shorter surgical duration, less blood loss, and fewer postoperative complications.

[Effectiveness comparison between two operations in treatment of unstable type Kümmell's disease]

Objective

To compare the effectiveness between short segmental fixation combined with vertebroplasty (SSF+VP) and short segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with bone graft (SSF+BG) in the treatment of unstable type Kümmell's disease so as to provide a reference for the selection of the surgical method.

Methods

Between March 2013 and February 2015, 48 patients with unstable type Kümmell's disease who were in accordance with the inclusive criteria were included in the study. SSF+VP were used in 25 cases (SSF+VP group) and SSF+BG in 23 cases (SSF+BG group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, bone mineral density, fracture segment, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and kyphotic Cobb angle between 2 groups ( P>0.05). The operation time and complications related to operation were recorded; the effectiveness was evaluated by VAS, ODI, and kyphotic Cobb angle.

Results

The operation time was (107.7±18.8) minutes in SSF+VP group and was (113.7±22.4) minutes in SSF+BG group, showing no significant difference between 2 groups ( t=-1.045, P=0.302). Bone cement leakage occurred in 6 cases of SSF+VP group, and incision delayed healing occurred in 1 case of SSF+BG group. All patients achieved bone graft fusion on X-ray films. The bone graft fusion time was (15.1±1.3) weeks in SSF+VP group and (15.7±1.8) weeks in SSF+BG group, showing no significant difference between 2 groups ( t=-1.361, P=0.180). The VAS, ODI, and kyphotic Cobb angle at immediate after operation and at last follow-up were significantly lower than preoperative ones ( P<0.05). The VAS, ODI, and kyphotic Cobb angle had no significant difference between at immediate and at last follow-up in SSF+VP group ( P>0.05). In SSF+BG group, VAS at last follow-up was significantly lower than that at immediate after operation ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in kyphotic Cobb angle and ODI ( P>0.05). SSF+VP group was significantly better than SSF+BG group in VAS at immediate after operation ( P<0.05), but SSF+BG group was significantly better than SSF+VP group at last follow-up ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in kyphotic Cobb angle and ODI between 2 groups at immediate after operation and at last follow-up ( P>0.05).

Conclusion

SSF+BG can achieve satisfactory effectiveness in the treatment of unstable type Kümmell's disease, and it has the advantages of good bony healing, obvious improvement of pain, and low complication incidence when compared with SSF+VP.

A thermal protective urethral heater applied to modulate the prostate cryoablation area

BACKGROUND

Urethral warmer and cryoheater are invented and applied in cryoablation to overcome urethral cryoinjury, but these devices cannot be fixed and precisely control the released heat which excessively reduces the effective ablation area. Current warmers enlarge the operation difficulty and decrease the precision in temperature control.

OBJECTIVE

A reformed catheter termed urethral heater aims to protect the urethra and simultaneously control the released heat so as to meet the aid of doctors' convenient operation in effective therapy, device fixation and precise heat controllability.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this paper, the temperature controller combined with temperature monitor was used to control the heating behavior of the urethral heater with the initial active temperature. The controllability and thermal protection of the urethral heater was simulated and tested, which compared with that of urethral warmer.

RESULTS

During the trials in vitro, the lowest temperature at the urethra surface is -3.7 degree C when one cryoprobe was introduced in the cryoablation for 15 min and -15.3 degree C with two cryoprobes. Above all, the effective cryoablation area increased with the decline of initial active temperatures.

CONCLUSION

The urethral heater is able to prevent the urethra from irreversible damage and modulate the ablation area. The delay of heat is a new way to decline the recurrence rate and facilitate the desire of aconuresis during the cryoablation.

Intermartensitic Transformation and Enhanced Exchange Bias in Pd (Pt) -doped Ni-Mn-Sn alloys

In this work, we studied the phase transitions and exchange bias of Ni_50−xMn₃₆Sn₁₄T_x (T = Pd, Pt; x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys. An intermartensitic transition (IMT), not observed in Ni₅₀Mn₃₆Sn₁₄ alloy, was induced by the proper application of negative chemical pressure by Pd(Pt) doping in Ni_50−xMn₃₆Sn₁₄T_x (T = Pd, Pt) alloys. IMT weakened and was suppressed with the increase of applied field; it also disappeared with further increase of Pd(Pt) content (x = 3 for Pd and x = 2 for Pt). Another striking result is that exchange bias effect, ascribed to the percolating ferromagnetic domains coexisting with spin glass phase, is notably enhanced by nonmagnetic Pd(Pt) addition. The increase of unidirectional anisotropy by the addition of Pd(Pt) impurities with strong spin-orbit coupling was explained by Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions in spin glass phase.