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Davey SL, Lee BJ, Robbins T, Thake CD. Prevalence of occupational heat stress across the seasons and its management amongst healthcare professionals in the UK. Appl Ergon 2024; 118:104281. [PMID: 38581844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Occupational heat stress (OHS) is an issue in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in the United Kingdom (UK). The aims of this study were to evaluate perceived levels of OHS during two seasons and its perceived consequences on healthcare professionals (HCPs) and to assess the efficacy of heat stress management (HSM) policies. An anonymous online survey was distributed to HCPs working in HCFs in the UK. The survey returned 1014 responses (87% women). Descriptive statistics and content analysis of survey data identified that OHS in HCFs is frequently experienced throughout the year and concerned most HCPs. Over 90% perceived OHS impairs their performance and 20% reported heat-related absenteeism. Awareness of HSM policies was poor and 73% deemed them not adequate. To help reduce the financial loss and impact on staff performance, health and well-being and patient safety, it is recommended that revisions and widespread dissemination of HSM policies are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Davey
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
| | - B J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Timothy Robbins
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C D Thake
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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2
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Corbett J, Young JS, Tipton MJ, Costello JT, Williams TB, Walker EF, Lee BJ, Stevens CE. Molecular biomarkers for assessing the heat-adapted phenotype: a narrative scoping review. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:26. [PMID: 37848829 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat acclimation/acclimatisation (HA) mitigates heat-related decrements in physical capacity and heat-illness risk and is a widely advocated countermeasure for individuals operating in hot environments. The efficacy of HA is typically quantified by assessing the thermo-physiological responses to a standard heat acclimation state test (i.e. physiological biomarkers), but this can be logistically challenging, time consuming, and expensive. A valid molecular biomarker of HA would enable evaluation of the heat-adapted state through the sampling and assessment of a biological medium. This narrative review examines candidate molecular biomarkers of HA, highlighting the poor sensitivity and specificity of these candidates and identifying the current lack of a single 'standout' biomarker. It concludes by considering the potential of multivariable approaches that provide information about a range of physiological systems, identifying a number of challenges that must be overcome to develop a valid molecular biomarker of the heat-adapted state, and highlighting future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Corbett
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - J S Young
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, UK
| | - M J Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - J T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - T B Williams
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - E F Walker
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - B J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - C E Stevens
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Ko J, Lee BJ, Lee J. Advanced operation of heated fluidic resonators via mechanical and thermal loss reduction in vacuum. Microsyst Nanoeng 2023; 9:127. [PMID: 37829159 PMCID: PMC10564801 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
For simultaneous and quantitative thermophysical measurements of ultrasmall liquid volumes, we have recently developed and reported heated fluidic resonators (HFRs). In this paper, we improve the precision of HFRs in a vacuum by significantly reducing the thermal loss around the sensing element. A vacuum chamber with optical, electrical, and microfluidic access is custom-built to decrease the convection loss by two orders of magnitude under 10-4 mbar conditions. As a result, the measurement sensitivities for thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are increased by 4.1 and 1.6 times, respectively. When differentiating between deionized water (H2O) and heavy water (D2O) with similar thermophysical properties and ~10% different mass densities, the signal-to-noise ratio (property differences over standard error) for H2O and D2O is increased by 9 and 5 times for thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Korea
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Park G, Park H, Seo J, Yang JC, Kim M, Lee BJ, Park S. Bidirectional thermo-regulating hydrogel composite for autonomic thermal homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3049. [PMID: 37236988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal homeostasis is an essential physiological function for preserving the optimal state of complex organs within the human body. Inspired by this function, here, we introduce an autonomous thermal homeostatic hydrogel that includes infrared wave reflecting and absorbing materials for improved heat trapping at low temperatures, and a porous structure for enhanced evaporative cooling at high temperatures. Moreover, an optimized auxetic pattern was designed as a heat valve to further amplify heat release at high temperatures. This homeostatic hydrogel provides effective bidirectional thermoregulation with deviations of 5.04 °C ± 0.55 °C and 5.85 °C ± 0.46 °C from the normal body temperature of 36.5 °C, when the external temperatures are 5 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The autonomous thermoregulatory characteristics of our hydrogel may provide a simple solution to people suffering from autonomic nervous system disorders and soft robotics that are susceptible to sudden temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongsuk Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DM, Choi S, Cho J, Lim M, Lee BJ. Boosting Thermal Conductivity by Surface Plasmon Polaritons Propagating along a Thin Ti Film. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:176302. [PMID: 37172259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.176302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate boosted in-plane thermal conduction by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along a thin Ti film on a glass substrate. Due to the lossy nature of metal, SPPs can propagate over centimeter-scale distances even along a supported metal film, and the resulting ballistic heat conduction can be quantitatively validated. Further, for a 100-nm-thick Ti film on a glass substrate, a significant enhancement of in-plane thermal conductivity compared to bulk value (∼25%) is experimentally shown. This Letter will provide a new avenue to employ SPPs for heat dissipation along a supported thin film, which can be readily applied to mitigate hot-spot issues in microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sinwoo Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jungwan Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Mikyung Lim
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Rue CA, D Myers S, L Coakley S, M Ashdown K, J Lee B, J Hale B, G Siddall A, C Needham-Beck S, L Hinde K, I Osofa J, S Walker F, Fieldhouse A, A J Vine C, Doherty J, R Flood T, F Walker E, Wardle S, P Greeves J, D Blacker S. Changes in physical performance during British Army Junior Entry, British Army Standard Entry and Royal Air Force Basic Training. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002285. [PMID: 36725103 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose was to quantify physical performance in men and women during British Army Junior Entry (Army-JE), British Army Standard Entry (Army-SE) and Royal Air Force (RAF) basic training (BT). DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS 381 participants ((339 men and 42 women) n=141 Army-JE, n=132 Army-SE, n=108 RAF) completed a 2 km run, medicine ball throw (MBT) and isometric mid-thigh pull (MTP), pre-BT and post-BT. To examine changes in pre-BT to post-BT physical test performance, for each course, paired Student t-test and Wilcoxon test were applied to normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively, with effect sizes reported as Cohen's D and with rank biserial correlations, respectively. A one-way between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) (or Welch ANOVA for non-normally distributed data) compared performance between quartiles based on test performance pre-BT. Where the main tests statistic, p value and effect sizes identified likely effect of quartile, post hoc comparisons were made using Games-Howell tests with Tukey's p value. Data are presented as mean±SD, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS During BT, 2 km run time improved by 13±46 s (-2.1%±8.1%), 30±64 s (-4.8%±12.3%) and 24±27 s (-4.5%±5.1%) for Army-JE, Army-SE and RAF, respectively (all p<0.005). MBT distance increased by 0.27±0.28 m (6.8%±7.0%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and 0.07±0.46 m (2.3%±10.9%) for Army-SE (p=0.040), but decreased by 0.08±0.27 m (-1.4%±6.0%) for RAF (p=0.002). MTP force increased by 80±281 n (10.8%±27.6%) for Army-JE (p<0.001) and did not change for Army-SE (-36±295 n, -0.7%±20.6%, p=0.144) or RAF (-9±208 n, 1.0±17.0, p=0.603). For all tests and cohorts, participants in the lowest quartile of pre-BT performance scores demonstrated greater improvements, compared with participants in the highest quartile (except Army-JE MBT, ∆% change similar between all quartiles). CONCLUSIONS Changes in physical performance were observed for the three fitness tests following the different BT courses, and recruits with the lowest strength and aerobic fitness experienced greatest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Rue
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S D Myers
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S L Coakley
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - K M Ashdown
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - B J Lee
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - B J Hale
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - A G Siddall
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S C Needham-Beck
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - K L Hinde
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - J I Osofa
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - F S Walker
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - A Fieldhouse
- Defence Public Health Unit | HQ Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence, London, UK
| | - C A J Vine
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - J Doherty
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - T R Flood
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - E F Walker
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - S Wardle
- Army Personnel Research Capability, British Army Land Forces Headquarters, Andover, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London, UK
| | - J P Greeves
- Department of Army Health and Physical Performance Research, UK Ministry of Defence, Andover, UK
- Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
| | - S D Blacker
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
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Ko J, Khan F, Nam Y, Lee BJ, Lee J. Nanomechanical Sensing Using Heater-Integrated Fluidic Resonators. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7768-7775. [PMID: 35980246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanochannel resonators have been used to measure cells, suspended nanoparticles, or liquids, primarily at or near room temperature while their high temperature operation can offer promising applications such as calorimetric measurements and thermogravimetric analysis. To date, global electrothermal or local photothermal heating mechanisms have been attempted for channel resonators, but both approaches are intrinsically limited by a narrow temperature modulation range, slow heating/cooling, less quantitative heating, or time-consuming optical alignment. Here, we introduce heater-integrated fluidic resonators (HFRs) that enable fast, quantitative, alignment-free, and wide-range temperature modulation and simultaneously offer resistive thermometry and resonant densitometry. HFRs with or without a dispensing nozzle are fabricated, thoroughly characterized, and used for high throughput thermophysical properties measurements, microchannel boiling studies, and atomized spray dispensing. The HFR, without a doubt, opens a new avenue for nanoscale thermal analysis and processing and further encourages the integration of additional functions into channel resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Faheem Khan
- Life Analytical Inc., Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2N2, Canada
| | - Youngsuk Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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Jeong MG, Kim T, Lee BJ, Lee J. Surrogate model for optimizing annealing duration of self-assembled membrane-cavity structures. Micro and Nano Syst Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-022-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe propose a scheme to establish a surrogate model for optimizing the annealing duration of the self-assembled membrane-cavity structures from hole patterned silicon wafers. Although it has been reported that the design space of post-annealing shape can be extended by increasing the dimensions of hole arrays, the annealing duration for large hole arrays has not been well examined. A two-dimensional axisymmetric phase-field model in commercial FEM software is employed to establish the surrogate model with respect to three variables (i.e., radius, aspect ratio (AR), and normalized spacing). The established surrogate model based on the neural network indicates that the hole radius dominantly affects annealing duration and the temperature elevation (i.e., acceleration of diffusion speed) is necessary to achieve the practical annealing duration when the hole radius is larger than 1 μm.
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Jeong J, Kim T, Lee BJ, Lee J. PCA-based sub-surface structure and defect analysis for germanium-on-nothing using nanoscale surface topography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7205. [PMID: 35504973 PMCID: PMC9065006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Empty space in germanium (ESG) or germanium-on-nothing (GON) are unique self-assembled germanium structures with multiscale cavities of various morphologies. Due to their simple fabrication process and high-quality crystallinity after self-assembly, they can be applied in various fields including micro-/nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and precision sensors, to name a few. In contrast to their simple fabrication, inspection is intrinsically difficult due to buried structures. Today, ultrasonic atomic force microscopy and interferometry are some prevalent non-destructive 3-D imaging methods that are used to inspect the underlying ESG structures. However, these non-destructive characterization methods suffer from low throughput due to slow measurement speed and limited measurable thickness. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a new methodology to construct a principal-component-analysis based database that correlates surface images with empirically determined sub-surface structures. Then, from this database, the morphology of buried sub-surface structure is determined only using surface topography. Since the acquisition rate of a single nanoscale surface micrograph is up to a few orders faster than a thorough 3-D sub-surface analysis, the proposed methodology benefits from improved throughput compared to current inspection methods. Also, an empirical destructive test essentially resolves the measurable thickness limitation. We also demonstrate the practicality of the proposed methodology by applying it to GON devices to selectively detect and quantitatively analyze surface defects. Compared to state-of-the-art deep learning-based defect detection schemes, our method is much effortlessly finetunable for specific applications. In terms of sub-surface analysis, this work proposes a fast, robust, and high-resolution methodology which could potentially replace the conventional exhaustive sub-surface inspection schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Taeyeong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea. .,Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Park BM, Lee J, Jung BG, Lee BJ. Validation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Tenebrio Molitor Larva Oil in a Colitis Mouse Model. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022; 68:50-58. [PMID: 36384262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is caused by various external factors and is an inflammatory disease that causes decreased intestinal function. Tenebrio molitor larvae contain more than 30 % fat, and the fat component consists of 45 % oleic acid, 20 % linoleic acid and 20 % polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, after administering Tenebrio molitor larva oil (TMLO) in a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model, the pathological findings and inflammatory markers of colitis were analysed to assess whether a colitis mitigation effect was achieved. In the TMLO-administered group, the colon length increased, the spleen weight decreased, and the body weight increased compared with that in the DSS group. In addition, the disease activity index level decreased, the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines in the colon decreased, and the myeloperoxidase activity level significantly decreased. Also, the activity of the NF-κB pathway involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response was lower in the TMLO group than in the DSS group. Taken together, these results suggest that TMLO suppresses occurrence of acute ulcerative colitis in the DSS mouse model. Therefore, TMLO has the potential to be developed as a health food for the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Park
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Biology Department at Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - B G Jung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - B J Lee
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Lee J, Khan F, Thundat T, Lee BJ. Correction to: Microfluidic resonators with two parallel channels for independent sample loading and effective density tuning. Micro and Nano Syst Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-020-00125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Lee J, Khan F, Thundat T, Lee BJ. Microfluidic resonators with two parallel channels for independent sample loading and effective density tuning. Micro and Nano Syst Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-020-00119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis paper reports doubly clamped microchannel embedded resonators with two independent and parallel channels integrated for effective sample density tuning for the first time. With the aid of such a unique design, each fluidic channel can be independently accessed thus different liquid samples can be loaded simultaneously. The proposed fluidic resonators are batch fabricated by depositing silicon nitride, polysilicon, and silicon nitride sequentially on top of a set of 4-inch silicon wafers and sacrificing the middle polysilicon layer with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The sacrificial process defines two parallel channels and releases doubly clamped beam resonators simultaneously. In addition, an off-chip vacuum clamp with optical and fluidic access is custom-made to operate each resonator with enhanced quality factor. The microfluidic resonators mounted on the custom vacuum clamp are thoroughly characterized with a laser Doppler vibrometer and used to measure the effective sample density ranging from 395 to 998 kg/m3.
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13
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Heo SY, Lee GJ, Kim DH, Kim YJ, Ishii S, Kim MS, Seok TJ, Lee BJ, Lee H, Song YM. A Janus emitter for passive heat release from enclosures. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/36/eabb1906. [PMID: 32917610 PMCID: PMC7473666 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling functions by reflecting the solar spectrum and emitting infrared waves in broadband or selectively. However, cooling enclosed spaces that trap heat by greenhouse effect remains a challenge. We present a Janus emitter (JET) consisting of an Ag-polydimethylsiloxane layer on micropatterned quartz substrate. The induced spoof surface plasmon polariton helps overcome inherent emissivity loss of the polymer and creates near-ideal selective and broadband emission on the separate sides. This design results in not only remarkable surface cooling when the JET is attached with either side facing outwards but also space cooling when used as an enclosure wall. Thus, the JET can passively mitigate the greenhouse effect in enclosures while offering surface cooling performance comparable to conventional radiative coolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jae Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joon Seok
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Qin C, Guo Y, Seo J, Shuai Y, Lee J, Lee BJ. Absorption characteristics of a metal-insulator-metal nanodisk for solar thermal applications. Opt Express 2020; 28:15731-15743. [PMID: 32403594 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ability to confine light in a sub-wavelength scale and achieve coherent absorption, plasmonic nanostructures have been intensively studied for solar energy harvesting. Although nanoparticles generating localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have been thoroughly studied for application in a direct absorption solar collector (DASC), nanoparticles exciting magnetic polaritons (MP) for use in a DASC have not drawn much attention. In this work, we report a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanodisk that can excite MP peaks apart from the LSPR in the solar spectrum. It was found that the MIM nanodisk generates a broader and relatively more uniform absorption band compared to a pure metallic nanodisk. The MP peaks were also found to cause less significant scattering compared to those associated with the LSPR. We finally showed that the peaks induced by the MIM nanodisk are highly tunable by varying the particle dimensions, making the proposed MIM nanodisk a potential candidate for solar thermal applications.
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15
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Chae D, Kim M, Jung PH, Son S, Seo J, Liu Y, Lee BJ, Lee H. Spectrally Selective Inorganic-Based Multilayer Emitter for Daytime Radiative Cooling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:8073-8081. [PMID: 31990166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Daytime radiative coolers are used to pump excess heat from a target object into a cold exterior space without energy consumption. Radiative coolers have become attractive cooling options. In this study, a daytime radiative cooler was designed to have a selective emissive property of electromagnetic waves in the atmospheric transparency window of 8-13 μm and preserve low solar absorption for enhancing radiative cooling performance. The proposed daytime radiative cooler has a simple multilayer structure of inorganic materials, namely, Al2O3, Si3N4, and SiO2, and exhibits high emission in the 8-13 μm region. Through a particle swarm optimization method, which is based on an evolutionary algorithm, the stacking sequence and thickness of each layer were optimized to maximize emissions in the 8-13 μm region and minimize the cooling temperature. The average value of emissivity of the fabricated inorganic radiative cooler in the 8-13 μm range was 87%, and its average absorptivity in the solar spectral region (0.3-2.5 μm) was 5.2%. The fabricated inorganic radiative cooler was experimentally applied for daytime radiative cooling. The inorganic radiative cooler can reduce the temperature by up to 8.2 °C compared to the inner ambient temperature during the daytime under direct sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-ro 145 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mingeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-ro 145 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-ro 145 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-ro 145 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-ro 145 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713 , Republic of Korea
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16
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Jo W, Choi J, Kang HS, Kim M, Baik S, Lee BJ, Pang C, Kim HT. Programmable Fabrication of Submicrometer Bent Pillar Structures Enabled by a Photoreconfigurable Azopolymer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5058-5064. [PMID: 31809014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic small structures found throughout living nature have unique functionalities as seen by Gecko lizards. Here, we present a simple yet programmable method for fabricating anisotropic, submicrometer-sized bent pillar structures using photoreconfiguration of an azopolymer. A slant irradiation of a p-polarized light on the pillar structure of an azopolymer simply results in a bent pillar structure. By combining the field-gradient effect and directionality of photofluidization, control of the bending shape and the curvature is achieved. With the bent pillar patterned surface, anisotropic wetting and directional adhesion are demonstrated. Moreover, the bent pillar structures can be transferred to other polymers, highlighting the practical importance of this method. We believe that this pragmatic method to fabricate bent pillars can be used in a reliable manner for many applications requiring the systematic variation of a bent pillar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Suk Kang
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sangyul Baik
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Kyunggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Changhyun Pang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Kyunggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
This paper reports micropipette resonators, mechanical resonator-integrated micropipettes, which enable selective aspiration and mass measurement of particles or cells suspended in liquids with two orthogonal vibration modes. A custom pipette pulling system is built to provide power-modulated linear heating on a rotating glass capillary to make an asymmetric cross section with extended uniformity.A glass capillary is stretched with the custom puller, cut within the pulled region, polished, mounted on a machined metallic jig, and then coated with a metal. As a result, a doubly clamped tube resonator-integrated micropipette is made. For simultaneous frequency readouts of two orthogonal modes, an optical pickup, originally developed for optical data storage, is configured closely above and properly aligned to the micropipette resonator and two digital phase-locked loops are employed. For mass responsivity calibration, frequency shifts of the micropipette resonator are measured with various liquids and glass microparticles. Buoyant masses of unicellular organisms, Paramecium aurelia, freely swimming in a culture dish are successfully measured with two orthogonal modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donghyuk Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | | | - Sang Ken Kauh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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18
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Seo J, Jung PH, Kim M, Yang S, Lee I, Lee J, Lee H, Lee BJ. Design of a Broadband Solar Thermal Absorber Using a Deep Neural Network and Experimental Demonstration of Its Performance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15028. [PMID: 31636300 PMCID: PMC6803693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In using nanostructures to design solar thermal absorbers, computational methods, such as rigorous coupled-wave analysis and the finite-difference time-domain method, are often employed to simulate light-structure interactions in the solar spectrum. However, those methods require heavy computational resources and CPU time. In this study, using a state-of-the-art modeling technique, i.e., deep learning, we demonstrate significant reduction of computational costs during the optimization processes. To minimize the number of samples obtained by actual simulation, only regulated amounts are prepared and used as a data set to train the deep neural network (DNN) model. Convergence of the constructed DNN model is carefully examined. Moreover, several analyses utilizing an evolutionary algorithm, which require a remarkable number of performance calculations, are performed using the trained DNN model. We show that deep learning effectively reduces the actual simulation counts compared to the case of a design process without a neural network model. Finally, the proposed solar thermal absorber is fabricated and its absorption performance is characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Mingeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sounghyeok Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Ikjin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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19
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Kim T, Kim DM, Lee BJ, Lee J. Soft and Deformable Sensors Based on Liquid Metals. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19194250. [PMID: 31574955 PMCID: PMC6806167 DOI: 10.3390/s19194250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liquid metals are one of the most interesting and promising materials due to their electrical, fluidic, and thermophysical properties. With the aid of their exceptional deformable natures, liquid metals are now considered to be electrically conductive materials for sensors and actuators, major constituent transducers in soft robotics, that can experience and withstand significant levels of mechanical deformation. For the upcoming era of wearable electronics and soft robotics, we would like to offer an up-to-date overview of liquid metal-based soft (thus significantly deformable) sensors mainly but not limited to researchers in relevant fields. This paper will thoroughly highlight and critically review recent literature on design, fabrication, characterization, and application of liquid metal devices and suggest scientific and engineering routes towards liquid metal sensing devices of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea (D.-m.K.)
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dong-min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea (D.-m.K.)
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea (D.-m.K.)
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.L.); Tel.:+82-42-350-3212 (J.L.)
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea (D.-m.K.)
- Center for Extreme Thermal Physics and Manufacturing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.L.); Tel.:+82-42-350-3212 (J.L.)
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20
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Lee BJ, Lee J. Beyond mass measurement for single microparticles via bimodal operation of microchannel resonators. Micro and Nano Syst Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-019-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Choi WR, Lee BJ, Kim JH. Long-term outcome following resection of sinonasal inverted papillomas: A single surgeon's experience in 127 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 44:652-655. [PMID: 30854775 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Ri Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Heui Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Jo YH, Choi WM, Kim DG, Zargaran A, Sohn SS, Kim HS, Lee BJ, Kim NJ, Lee S. FCC to BCC transformation-induced plasticity based on thermodynamic phase stability in novel V 10Cr 10Fe 45Co xNi 35-x medium-entropy alloys. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2948. [PMID: 30814569 PMCID: PMC6393512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel transformation-induced plasticity mechanism, i.e., a martensitic transformation from fcc phase to bcc phase, in medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). A VCrFeCoNi MEA system is designed by thermodynamic calculations in consideration of phase stability between bcc and fcc phases. The resultantly formed bcc martensite favorably contributes to the transformation-induced plasticity, thereby leading to a significant enhancement in both strength and ductility as well as strain hardening. We reveal the microstructural evolutions according to the Co-Ni balance and their contributions to a mechanical response. The Co-Ni balance plays a leading role in phase stability and consequently tunes the cryogenic-temperature strength-ductility balance. The main difference from recently-reported metastable high-entropy dual-phase alloys is the formation of bcc martensite as a daughter phase, which shows significant effects on strain hardening. The hcp phase in the present MEA mostly acts as a nucleation site for the bcc martensite. Our findings demonstrate that the fcc to bcc transformation can be an attractive route to a new MEA design strategy for improving cryogenic strength-ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Jo
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - W M Choi
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - D G Kim
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - A Zargaran
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - S S Sohn
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
| | - H S Kim
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - B J Lee
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Sinonasal cancers are rare but have a poor prognosis. Most previous studies of these cancers have focused on 5-year disease-free survival, but recurrences are also known to occur after this period. We examined the post-5-year recurrence patterns in sinonasal cancer patients by histologic type to determine the indicators for extended and close follow-up requirements. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS A cohort of 241 sinonasal cancer patients was included. Demographic data, cancer site and stage, pathology and treatment results, and follow-up and survival data were collected. RESULTS Of the 241 patients, a complete remission occurred in 163 (72.4%) patients, but 83 (50.9%) of these cases developed recurrence, which occurred beyond the 5-year follow-up period in 19 cases (11.7%). The most common post-5-year recurrences were adenoid cystic carcinoma (six patients, 33.3%), followed by melanoma (three patients, 21.4%), poorly differentiated carcinoma (two patients, 18.2%), squamous cell carcinoma (six patients, 6.7%), and olfactory neuroblastoma (no patients, 0%). Post-5-year local recurrence was highest in adenoid cystic carcinoma (six patients, 33.3%), followed by melanoma (three patients, 21.4%), poorly differentiated carcinoma (two patients, 18.2%), and squamous cell carcinoma (five patients, 5.5%). Post-5-year regional recurrence occurred in one squamous carcinoma patient (1.1%), and distant metastasis was seen in one adenoid cystic carcinoma patient (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS Sinonasal cancer shows an 11.7% recurrence rate after a 5-year disease-free period. As this recurrence pattern varies by tumor pathology, a specific follow-up plan is needed for each cancer type. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 129:2451-2457, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Sam Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Lattery DM, Kim M, Choi J, Lee BJ, Wang X. Effective Radiative Properties of Tilted Metallic Nanorod Arrays Considering Polarization Coupling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13896. [PMID: 30224764 PMCID: PMC6141545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of new nanomanufacturing techniques has come the rise of the field of nanophotonics and an increased need to determine optical properties of novel structures. Commercial software packages are able to estimate the behavior, but require large resources and heavy computational time. By combining coordinate transforms and Effective Medium Theory (EMT), an effective relative permittivity tensor is defined and further exploited to calculate the polarization-coupled Fresnel coefficients through Maxwell’s equations. A uniaxial simplification is made to show the case of tilted nanorod arrays. To demonstrate the flexibility of this system, the interfacial reflectance has been calculated for both s- and p-polarizations as well as the coupled case with the volume filling fractions of f = 0.10 and 0.30 for silver (Ag) and titanium (Ti) nanorods, and a scenario of a Ag nanorod array with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the surrounding medium. The exact results computed by the finite-difference time-domain method justify the validity of EMT with polarization coupling taken into account. The effects of incidence angle and azimuthal angle on reflectance are also discussed. The relatively simple nature of this approach allows for fast estimations of the optical properties of various nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M Lattery
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mingeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jongin Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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25
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Rho J, Lim M, Lee SS, Lee BJ. AFM-thermoreflectance for simultaneous measurements of the topography and temperature. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27616-27622. [PMID: 35542752 PMCID: PMC9083913 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the thermal failure mechanisms of electronic devices, it is essential to measure the temperature and characterize the thermal properties of individual nanometer-scale transistors in electronic devices. Previously, scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) has been used to measure the local temperature with nanometer-scale spatial resolutions using a probe with a built-in temperature sensor. However, this type of temperature measurement requires additional equipment to process the temperature-sensing signals and expensive temperature-sensor-integrated probes fabricated by complicated MEMS processes. Here, we present a novel technique which enables the simultaneous measurement of the temperature and topography of nanostructures only with a conventional atomic force microscope (AFM) of the type commonly used for topography measurements and without any modifications of the probe and extra accessories for data acquisition. The underlying principle of the proposed technique is that the local temperature of a specimen is estimated quantitatively from the thermoreflectance of a bare silicon AFM probe that is in contact with a specimen. The temperature obtained by our technique is found to be consistent with a result obtained by SThM measurements. We propose a novel form of AFM-based thermometry capable of sub-100 nm spatial resolution only with a conventional AFM setup by exploiting the thermoreflectance characteristic of the AFM Si probe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsung Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Mikyung Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Seung S Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 South Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 South Korea
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26
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Jin H, Kim MG, Ko SB, Kim DH, Lee BJ, Macgregor RB, Shim G, Oh YK. Stemmed DNA nanostructure for the selective delivery of therapeutics. Nanoscale 2018; 10:7511-7518. [PMID: 29637946 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA has emerged as a biocompatible biomaterial that may be considered for various applications. Here, we report tumor cell-specific aptamer-modified DNA nanostructures for the specific recognition and delivery of therapeutic chemicals to cancer cells. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)7-specific DNA aptamer sequences were linked to 15 consecutive guanines. The resulting aptamer-modified product, AptG15, self-assembled into a Y-shaped structure. The presence of a G-quadruplex at AptG15 was confirmed by circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopy. The utility of AptG15 as a nanocarrier of therapeutics was tested by loading the photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB), to the G-quadruplex as a model drug. The generated MB-loaded AptG15 (MB/AptG15) showed specific and enhanced uptake to CCRF-CEM cells, which overexpress PTK7, compared with Ramos cells, which lack PTK7, or CCRF-CEM cells treated with a PTK7-specific siRNA. The therapeutic activity of MB/AptG15 was tested by triggering its photodynamic effects. Upon 660 nm light irradiation, MB/AptG15 showed greater reactive oxygen species generation and anticancer activity in PTK7-overexpressing cells compared to cells treated with MB alone, those treated with AptG15, and other comparison groups. AptG15 stemmed DNA nanostructures have significant potential for the cell-type-specific delivery of therapeutics, and possibly for the molecular imaging of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Nucifora LG, Tanaka T, Hayes LN, Kim M, Lee BJ, Matsuda T, Nucifora Jr FC, Sedlak T, Mojtabai R, Eaton W, Sawa A. Reduction of plasma glutathione in psychosis associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in translational psychiatry. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1215. [PMID: 28892069 PMCID: PMC5611744 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of mechanism-driven peripheral markers is important for translational psychiatry. Many groups, including ours, have addressed molecular alterations in peripheral tissues in association with symptomatic changes in major illnesses. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) through studies of patient peripheral tissues and animal models. Although the relationship between peripheral changes and brain pathology remain elusive, oxidative stress may bridge such translational efforts. Nonetheless, the molecular substrates of oxidative stress are not well defined in mental conditions. Glutathione (GSH) is a non-enzymatic antioxidant that eliminates free radicals, and has been suggested to have a role in SZ. We performed a cross-sectional study of 48 healthy controls (CON), 52 SZ patients and 62 BP patients to compare the levels of peripheral GSH by a biochemical enzyme assay. We show a significant reduction of plasma GSH in both SZ and BP patients compared with CON. We evaluated possible influences of clinical characteristics on the level of GSH in SZ and BP. A decrease in GSH level correlated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and positive scores for SZ and correlated with the PANSS general for BP. Taken together, we provide evidence that SZ and BP display a common molecular signature in the reduction of peripheral GSH in the psychosis dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Nucifora
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L N Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Matsuda
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F C Nucifora Jr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166A, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. E-mail:
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Yun J, Ahn JH, Lee BJ, Moon DI, Choi YK, Park I. Temperature measurement of Joule heated silicon micro/nanowires using selectively decorated quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:505705. [PMID: 27869647 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/50/505705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel method to measure local temperature at micro/nano-scale regions using selective deposition of quantum dots (QDs) as a sensitive temperature probe and measured the temperature of Joule heated silicon microwires (SiMWs) and silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by this method. The QDs are selectively coated only on the surface of the SiMWs and SiNWs by a sequential process composed of selective opening of a polymethyl methacrylate layer via Joule heating, covalent bonding of QDs, and lift-off process. The temperatures of the Joule-heated SiMWs and SiNWs can be measured by characterizing the temperature-dependent shift of photoluminescence peak of the selectively deposited QDs even with far-field optics. The validity of the extracted temperature has been also confirmed by comparing with numerical simulation results. The proposed method can potentially provide micro/nanoscale measurement of localized temperatures for a wide range of electrical and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea. KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Ben SB, Peng B, Wang GC, Li C, Gu HF, Jiang H, Meng XL, Lee BJ, Chen CL. Overexpression of Selenoprotein SelK in BGC-823 Cells Inhibits Cell Adhesion and Migration. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2016; 80:1344-53. [PMID: 26567579 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of human selenoprotein SelK on the adhesion and migration ability of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells using Matrigel adhesion and transwell migration assays, respectively, were investigated in this study. The Matrigel adhesion ability of BGC-823 cells that overexpressed SelK declined extremely significantly (p < 0.01) compared with that of the cells not expressing the protein. The migration ability of BGC-823 cells that overexpressed SelK also declined extremely significantly (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the Matrigel adhesion ability and migration ability of the cells that overexpressed C-terminally truncated SelK did not decline significantly. The Matrigel adhesion ability and migration ability of human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells that overexpressed SelK did not show significant change (p > 0.05) with the cells that overexpressed the C-terminally truncated protein. In addition to the effect on Matrigel adhesion and migration, the overexpression of SelK also caused a loss in cell viability (as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay) and induced apoptosis as shown by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The cytosolic free Ca2+ level of these cells was significantly increased as detected by flow cytometry. But the overexpression of SelK in HEK-293 cells caused neither significant loss in cell viability nor apoptosis induction. Only the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ level in these cells was significant. Taken together, the results suggest that the overexpression of SelK can inhibit human cancer cell Matrigel adhesion and migration and cause both the loss in cell viability and induction of apoptosis. The release of intracellular Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum might be a mechanism whereby the protein exerted its impact. Furthermore, only the full-length protein, but not C-terminally truncated form, was capable of producing such impact. The embryonic cells were not influenced by the elevation of free Ca2+ level in cytosol, probably due to their much greater tolerance to the variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Ben
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
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Jin S, Lim M, Lee SS, Lee BJ. Hyperbolic metamaterial-based near-field thermophotovoltaic system for hundreds of nanometer vacuum gap. Opt Express 2016; 24:A635-A649. [PMID: 27136882 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Artificially designed hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) possesses extraordinary electromagnetic features different from those of naturally existing materials. In particular, the dispersion relation of waves existing inside the HMM is hyperbolic rather than elliptical; thus, waves that are evanescent in isotropic media become propagating in the HMM. This characteristic of HMMs opens a novel way to spectrally control the near-field thermal radiation in which evanescent waves in the vacuum gap play a critical role. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the performance of a near-field thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion system in which a W/SiO2-multilayer-based HMM serves as the emitter at 1000 K and InAs works as the TPV cell at 300 K. By carefully designing the thickness of constituent materials of the HMM emitter, the electric power of the near-field TPV devices can be increased by about 6 times at 100-nm vacuum gap as compared to the case of the plain W emitter. Alternatively, in regards to the electric power generation, HMM emitter at experimentally achievable 100-nm vacuum gap performs equivalently to the plain W emitter at 18-nm vacuum gap. We show that the enhancement mechanism of the HMM emitter is due to the coupled surface plasmon modes at multiple metal-dielectric interfaces inside the HMM emitter. With the minority carrier transport model, the optimal p-n junction depth of the TPV cell has also been determined at various vacuum gaps.
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Han S, Lee BJ. Electromagnetic resonance modes on a two-dimensional tandem grating and its application for broadband absorption in the visible spectrum. Opt Express 2016; 24:A202-A214. [PMID: 26832574 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we numerically investigate the electromagnetic resonances on two-dimensional tandem grating structures. The base of a tandem grating consists of an opaque Au substrate, a SiO(2) spacer, and a Au grating (concave type); that is, a well-known fishnet structure forming Au/SiO(2)/Au stack. A convex-type Au grating (i.e., topmost grating) is then attached on top of the base fishnet structure with or without additional SiO(2) spacer, resulting in two types of tandem grating structures. In order to calculate the spectral reflectance and local magnetic field distribution, the finite-difference time-domain method is employed. When the topmost Au grating is directly added onto the base fishnet structure, the surface plasmon and magnetic polariton in the base structure are branched out due to the geometric asymmetry with respect to the SiO(2) spacer. If additional SiO(2) spacer is added between the topmost Au grating and the base fishnet structure, new magnetic resonance modes appear due to coupling between two vertically aligned Au/SiO(2)/Au stacks. With the understanding of multiple electromagnetic resonance modes on the proposed tandem grating structures, we successfully design a broadband absorber made of Au and SiO(2) in the visible spectrum.
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Abstract
Femtosecond laser irradiation enables local crystalline nanojoining of silver nanowires with minimizing thermal damage on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghong Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- POSTECH
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - David J. Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Stony Brook University
- NY 11794
- USA
| | - Dongsik Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- POSTECH
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
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Lee BJ, Sukri NM, Ogden H, Vine C, Thake CD, Turner JE, Bilzon JLJ. A comparison of two commercially available ELISA methods for the quantification of human plasma heat shock protein 70 during rest and exercise stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:917-26. [PMID: 26111949 PMCID: PMC4595431 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared resting and exercise heat/hypoxic stress-induced levels of plasma extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70) in humans using two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS)A kits. EDTA plasma samples were collected from 21 males during two separate investigations. Participants in part A completed a 60-min treadmill run in the heat (HOT70; 33.0 ± 0.1 °C, 28.7 ± 0.8 %, n = 6) at 70 % V̇O2max. Participants in part B completed 60 min of cycling exercise at 50 % V̇O2max in either hot (HOT50; 40.5 °C, 25.4 relative humidity (RH)%, n = 7) or hypoxic (HYP50; fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) = 0.14, 21 °C, 35 % RH, n = 8) conditions. Samples were collected prior to and immediately upon termination of exercise and analysed for eHSP70 using EKS-715 high-sensitivity HSP70 ELISA and new ENZ-KIT-101 Amp'd(™) HSP70 high-sensitivity ELISA. ENZ-KIT was superior in detecting resting eHSP70 (1.54 ± 3.27 ng · mL(-1); range 0.08 to 14.01 ng · mL(-1)), with concentrations obtained from 100 % of samples compared to 19 % with EKS-715 assay. The ENZ-KIT requires optimisation prior to running samples in order to ensure participants fall within the standard curve, a step not required with EKS-715. Using ENZ-KIT, a 1:4 dilution allowed for quantification of resting HSP70 in 26/32 samples, with a 1:8 (n = 3) and 1:16 (n = 3) dilution required to determine the remaining samples. After exercise, eHSP70 was detected in 6/21 and 21/21 samples using EKS-715 and ENZ-KIT, respectively. eHSP70 was increased from rest after HOT70 (p < 0.05), but not HOT50 (p > 0.05) or HYP50 (p > 0.05) when analysed using ENZ-KIT. It is recommended that future studies requiring the precise determination of resting plasma eHSP70 use the ENZ-KIT (i.e. HSP70 Amp'd(®) ELISA) instead of the EKS-715 assay, despite additional assay development time and cost required.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Department of Biomolecular and Sport Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, UK.
| | - N M Sukri
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - H Ogden
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - C Vine
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - C D Thake
- Department of Biomolecular and Sport Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, UK
| | - J E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - J L J Bilzon
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Kim JH, Kim YS, Cho GS, Kim NH, Gong CH, Lee BJ, Jang YJ. Human Rhinovirus-induced Proinflammatory Cytokine and Interferon-β Responses in Nasal Epithelial Cells From Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015; 7:489-96. [PMID: 26122508 PMCID: PMC4509662 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.5.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Asthma exacerbation from human rhinovirus (HRV) infection is associated with deficient antiviral interferon (IFN) secretion. Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), an inflammatory upper airway disease, is closely linked to asthma, IFN-β responses to HRV infections in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from CRS patients remain to be studied. We evaluated inflammatory and antiviral responses to HRV infection in HNECs from CRS patients. Methods HNECs, isolated from turbinate tissue of 13 patients with CRS and 14 non-CRS controls, were infected with HRV16 for 4 hours. The HRV titer, LDH activity, production of proinflammatory cytokines and IFN-β proteins, and expression levels of RIG-I and MDA5 mRNA were assessed at 8, 24, and 48 hours after HRV16 infection. Results The reduction in viral titer was slightly delayed in the CRS group compared to the non-CRS control group. IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased to a similar extent in both groups after HRV infection. In the control group, IFN-β production and MDA5 mRNA expression were significantly increased at 8 and 24 hours after HRV16 infection, respectively. By contrast, in the CRS group, IFN-β was not induced by HRV infection; however, HRV-induced MDA5 mRNA expression was increased, but the increase was slightly delayed compared to the non-CRS control group. The RIG-I mRNA level was not significantly increased by HRV16 infection in either group. Conclusions HRV-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in CRS patients was not different from that in the non-CRS controls. However, reductions in viral titer, IFN-β secretion, and MDA5 mRNA expression in response to HRV infection in CRS patients were slightly impaired compared to those in the controls, suggesting that HRV clearance in CRS patients might be slightly deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heui Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gye Song Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ju Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lim M, Jin S, Lee SS, Lee BJ. Graphene-assisted Si-InSb thermophotovoltaic system for low temperature applications. Opt Express 2015; 23:A240-A253. [PMID: 25968790 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.00a240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work theoretically analyzes the performance of the near-field thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion device for low temperature applications (Tsource ∼ 500 K). In the proposed TPV system, doped Si is employed as the source because its optical property can be readily tuned by changing the doping concentration, and InSb is selected as a TPV cell because of its low bandgap energy (0.17 eV). In order to enhance the near-field thermal radiation between the source and the TPV cell, monolayer of graphene is coated on the cell side so that surface plasmon can play a critical role in heat transfer. It is found that monolayer of graphene can significantly enhance the power throughput by 30 times and the conversion efficiency by 6.1 times compared to the case without graphene layer. The resulting maximum conversion efficiency is 19.4% at 10-nm vacuum gap width.
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Lee SD, Lee BJ, Park JJ, Kim JS, Bak YT. Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: Impacted gastric balloon in small bowel. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1. [PMID: 25536457 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Yeo J, Kim G, Hong S, Lee J, Kwon J, Lee H, Park H, Manoroktul W, Lee MT, Lee BJ, Grigoropoulos CP, Ko SH. Single nanowire resistive nano-heater for highly localized thermo-chemical reactions: localized hierarchical heterojunction nanowire growth. Small 2014; 10:5015-5022. [PMID: 25168280 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A single nanowire resistive nano-heater (RNH) is fabricated, and it is demonstrated that the RNH can induce highly localized temperature fields, which can trigger highly localized thermo-chemical reactions to grow hierarchical nanowires directly at the desired specific spot such as ZnO nanowire branch growth on a single Ag nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeob Yeo
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; Laser Thermal Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kim
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B J Lee
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G W Lee
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ar Jung
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H S Hwang
- Glaxo Smith Kline Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Jeon J, Park S, Lee BJ. Optical property of blended plasmonic nanofluid based on gold nanorods. Opt Express 2014; 22 Suppl 4:A1101-A1111. [PMID: 24978073 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.0a1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Present work experimentally characterizes the optical property of blended plasmonic nanofuids based on gold nanorod (AuNR) with different aspect ratios. The existence of localized surface plasmon resonance was verified from measured extinction coefficient of three AuNR solutions, and spectral tunability of AuNR nanofluid was successfully demonstrated in the visible and near-infrared spectral region. The representative aspect ratio and volume fraction of each sample were then calculated from the relation between extinction coefficient and extinction efficiency, which leads to the design of a blended plasmonic nanofluid having broad-band absorption characteristic in the visible and near-infrared spectral region. The results obtained from this study will facilitate the development of a novel volumetric solar thermal collectors using plasmonic nanofluids.
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Park H, Lee BJ, Lee J. Note: Simultaneous determination of local temperature and thickness of heated cantilevers using two-wavelength thermoreflectance. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:036109. [PMID: 24689637 DOI: 10.1063/1.4869079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have demonstrated that two-wavelength thermoreflectance technique can be used to characterize the local thickness and temperature of heated cantilevers at steady-state operation. By taking the ratio of reflectances for two lasers with different wavelengths, the geometrical factor causing the mismatch between experimentally measured and theoretically calculated reflectances was eliminated. Based on the fitting analysis of the reflectance ratio of two wavelengths at various input powers to the heated cantilevers, the local temperature and thickness could be unambiguously determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jungchul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
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Abstract
The present work describes a theoretical investigation of the near-field thermal radiation between doped Si plates coated with a mono-layer of graphene. It is found that the radiative heat flux between doped Si plates can be either enhanced or suppressed by introducing graphene layer, depending on the Si doping concentration and chemical potential of graphene. Graphene can enhance the heat flux if it matches resonance frequencies of surface plasmon at vacuum-source and vacuum-receiver interfaces. In particular, significant enhancement is achieved when graphene is coated on both surfaces that originally does not support the surface plasmon resonance. The results obtained in this study provide an important guideline into enhancing the near-field thermal radiation between doped Si plates by introducing graphene.
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Kang JM, Chung JY, Han JH, Kim YS, Lee BJ, Yi JW. Anesthetic management of a patient with Huntington's chorea -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013; 64:262-4. [PMID: 23560194 PMCID: PMC3611078 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2013.64.3.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's chorea is a rare hereditary disorder of the nervous system. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder and is characterized by progressive chorea, dementia and psychiatric disturbances. The best anesthetic technique is yet to be established for these patients with increased risk of aspiration due to involvement of pharyngeal muscles and an exaggerated response to sodium thiopental and succinylcholine. The primary goal in general anesthesia for these patients is to provide airway protection and a rapid and safe recovery. We report the anesthetic management of a 51-year-old patient with Huntington's chorea admitted for an emergency operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Man Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim J, Han S, Walsh T, Park K, Jae Lee B, King WP, Lee J. Temperature measurements of heated microcantilevers using scanning thermoreflectance microscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:034903. [PMID: 23556839 DOI: 10.1063/1.4797621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of scanning thermoreflectance thermometry and its application for steady and dynamic temperature measurement of a heated microcantilever. The local thermoreflectance signal of the heated microcantilever was calibrated to temperature while the cantilever was under steady and periodic heating operation. The temperature resolution of our approach is 0.6 K, and the spatial resolution is 2 μm, which are comparable to micro-Raman thermometry. However, the temporal resolution of our approach is about 10 μsec, which is significantly faster than micro-Raman thermometry. When the heated microcantilever is periodically heated with frequency up to 100 kHz, we can measure both the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the temperature oscillation. For increasing heating frequency, the measured cantilever AC temperature distribution tends to be confined in the vicinity of the heater region and becomes increasingly out of phase with the driving signal. These results compare well with finite element simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
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Lee J, Lee BJ, Yoon HI, Lee CT, Lee JH. Influence of previous tuberculosis treatment history on acid-fast bacilli smear and culture conversion. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 16:1344-8. [PMID: 23107634 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING A teaching hospital in the Republic of Korea, 2003-2009. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of previous tuberculosis (TB) treatment history on sputum smear and culture conversion. DESIGN Data, including sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) results at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24, were collected from patients with AFB sputum smear-positive and culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. Patients with multidrug-resistant TB or those with poor adherence were excluded. AFB conversion was compared between patients with a previous history of anti-tuberculosis treatment and those without. RESULTS The median age of the 208 patients was 49.0 years; 58.3% were male, while 43 (20.7%) had a history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment. Patients with a history of previous treatment had significantly lower sputum smear-negative conversion at 2 weeks of treatment compared with patients without (70.0% vs. 44.8%, P = 0.005). However, the two groups did not differ in culture conversion and in smear conversion at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of anti-tuberculosis treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with a history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment are more likely to have positive sputum AFB smear at 2 weeks of treatment. However, sputum culture conversion is not affected by previous treatment history.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ding B, Yang M, Lee BJ, Lee JK. Tunable surface plasmons of dielectric core-metal shell particles for dye sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yun JW, Park JJ, Kim KH, Noh HJ, Kwon MJ, Lee SY, Joo MK, Lee BJ, Kim JS, Bak YT. Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection for triple sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas using a "push and peel off" technique. Endoscopy 2012; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E25-6. [PMID: 22396260 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-W Yun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Lee BJ, Choi HG, Kim CK, Parrott KA, Ayres JW, Sack RL. Solubility and stability of melatonin in propylene glycol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin vehicles. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 20:560-5. [PMID: 18982260 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/1997] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HPbetaCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9+/-0.24 degrees C and 7249+/-217 cal/mol, respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of 2-HPbetaCD without PG increased (R(2)=0.993). MT solubility in the mixtures of PG and 2-HPbetaCD also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in 2-HPbetaCD and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG (40 v/v%) and 2-HPbetaCD (30 w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in 2-HPbetaCD decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics (r(2)>0.90). MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl-NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4 approximately 10 at 70 degrees C. In HCl-NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed down at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HPbetaCD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Biological Rhythm and Controlled Release Lab., College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 200-701, Chuncheon, Korea
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Lee BJ, Hendricks DG, Cornforth DP. Effect of sodium phytate, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate on physico-chemical characteristics of restructured beef. Meat Sci 2012; 50:273-83. [PMID: 22061146 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(98)00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/1997] [Revised: 12/17/1997] [Accepted: 12/17/1997] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 0.5% sodium phytate (SPT), sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), along with 1% NaCl, on physico-chemical properties of restructured raw and cooked beef were evaluated. In raw beef stored for 1 day at 4 ° C, the SPT, SPP, and STPP increased pH and salt-soluble protein level and decreased %MetMb and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), compared to the control with salt alone (p < 0.05). In cooked beef, SPT, SPP, and STPP increased bind strength, cook yield, moisture level, and pH, and decreased TBARS (p < 0.05). SPP and STPP increased orthophosphate in both raw and cooked beef (p < 0.05), compared to the SPT and control. SPT, SPP, and STPP decreased the Hunter color L and b values and increased a value in raw beef (p < 0.05) but had no effect on the Hunter color values in cooked beef. The binding value of SPP and STPP were similar over time, and the time to reach maximum binding strength was 10s longer than SPT and 25s longer than the control. These results indicate that SPT compares favorably with traditional phosphates for bind strength and cooked yield, but SPT was slightly more effective than other phosphates for reduction of TBARS 1 day after cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-8700, USA
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50
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Huh H, Han JH, Chung JY, Yi JW, Lee BJ, Kim DO, Kim KS. Anesthetic management of penetrating neck injury patient with embedded knife -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2012; 62:172-4. [PMID: 22379574 PMCID: PMC3284741 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2012.62.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penetrating neck injuries can be a fatal event and they are difficult to manage for both surgeons and anesthesiologists. So, adequate preoperative evaluation is important to improve the patients' outcomes, but this can not be done for hemodynamically unstable or uncooperative patient. Here we present our clinical experience with a patient with a penetrating neck injury and who was hemodynamically stable, but she was uncooperative and the knife was still embedded in her neck. The surgical exploration and bronchoscopic examination were successfully done under monitored anesthesia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyub Huh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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