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Raab JE, Hamilton DJ, Harju TB, Huynh TN, Russo BC. Pushing boundaries: mechanisms enabling bacterial pathogens to spread between cells. Infect Immun 2024:e0052423. [PMID: 38661369 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00524-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For multiple intracellular bacterial pathogens, the ability to spread directly into adjacent epithelial cells is an essential step for disease in humans. For pathogens such as Shigella, Listeria, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia, this intercellular movement frequently requires the pathogens to manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton and deform the plasma membrane into structures known as protrusions, which extend into neighboring cells. The protrusion is then typically resolved into a double-membrane vacuole (DMV) from which the pathogen quickly escapes into the cytosol, where additional rounds of intercellular spread occur. Significant progress over the last few years has begun to define the mechanisms by which intracellular bacterial pathogens spread. This review highlights the interactions of bacterial and host factors that drive mechanisms required for intercellular spread with a focus on how protrusion structures form and resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Raab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Desmond J Hamilton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Tucker B Harju
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Thao N Huynh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian C Russo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Huynh TN, Toperzer J, Scherer A, Gumina A, Brunetti T, Mansour MK, Markovitz DM, Russo BC. Vimentin regulates mitochondrial ROS production and inflammatory responses of neutrophils. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.11.589146. [PMID: 38659904 PMCID: PMC11042233 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.589146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The intermediate filament vimentin is present in immune cells and is implicated in proinflammatory immune responses. Whether and how it supports antimicrobial activities of neutrophils is not well established. Here, we developed an immortalized neutrophil model to examine the requirement of vimentin. We demonstrate that vimentin restricts the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but enhances phagocytosis and swarming. We observe that vimentin is dispensable for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, degranulation, and inflammasome activation. Moreover, gene expression analysis demonstrated that the presence of vimentin was associated with changes in expression of multiple genes required for mitochondrial function and ROS overproduction. Treatment of wild-type cells with rotenone, an inhibitor for complex I of the electron transport chain, increases the ROS levels. Likewise, treatment with mitoTEMPO, a SOD mimetic, rescues the ROS production in cells lacking vimentin. Together, these data show vimentin regulates neutrophil antimicrobial functions and alters ROS levels through regulation of mitochondrial activity.
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Vickery JM, Toperzer JD, Raab JE, Lenz LL, Colgan SP, Russo BC. Synaptopodin is necessary for Shigella flexneri intercellular spread. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.25.537990. [PMID: 37163027 PMCID: PMC10168286 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.537990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For many intracellular pathogens, their virulence depends on an ability to spread between cells of an epithelial layer. For intercellular spread to occur, these pathogens deform the plasma membrane into a protrusion structure that is engulfed by the neighboring cell. Although the polymerization of actin is essential for spread, how these pathogens manipulate the actin cytoskeleton in a manner that enables protrusion formation is still incompletely understood. Here, we identify the mammalian actin binding protein synaptopodin as required for efficient intercellular spread. Using a model cytosolic pathogen, Shigella flexneri , we show that synaptopodin contributes to organization of actin around bacteria and increases the length of the actin tail at the posterior pole of the bacteria. We show that synaptopodin presence enables protrusions to form and to resolve at a greater rate, indicating that greater stability of the actin tail enables the bacteria to push against the membrane with greater force. We demonstrate that synaptopodin recruitment around bacteria requires the bacterial protein IcsA, and we show that this recruitment is further enhanced in a type 3 secretion system dependent manner. These data establish synaptopodin as required for intracellular bacteria to reprogram the actin cytoskeleton in a manner that enables efficient protrusion formation and enhance our understanding of the cellular function of synaptopodin. Authors Summary Intercellular spread is essential for many cytosolic dwelling pathogens during their infectious life cycle. Despite knowing the steps required for intercellular spread, relatively little is known about the host-pathogen interactions that enable these steps to occur. Here, we identify a requirement for the actin binding protein synaptopodin during intercellular spread by cytosolic bacteria. We show synaptopodin is necessary for the stability and recruitment of polymerized actin around bacteria. We also demonstrate synaptopodin is necessary to form plasma membrane structures known as protrusions that are necessary for the movement of these bacteria between cells. Thus, these findings implicate synaptopodin as an important actin-binding protein for the virulence of intracellular pathogens that require the actin cytoskeleton for their spread between cells.
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Van Hoesen K, Mundo W, Mierau S, Hochheimer CJ, Eggers L, Shaw S, Russo BC, Reno E. Evaluation of Escherichia coli Inactivation at High Altitudes Using Solar Water Disinfection. Wilderness Environ Med 2023; 34:38-44. [PMID: 36509669 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solar disinfection (SODIS) is an effective method for microbiologic inactivation of contaminated water using ultraviolet rays at low elevations. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of SODIS at higher elevations. METHODS The ability of SODIS to inactivate Escherichia coli bacteria was evaluated at an altitude of ≥1600 m using Nalgene bottles, disposable plastic water bottles, and Ziploc plastic bags. Bacterial viability was determined through measurement of colony forming units (CFUs). Decreases in CFUs were determined at each time point relative to those at the baseline, and a multivariable regression analysis was used to assess significant changes in CFUs. RESULTS Bacterial CFUs in exposed containers decreased by >5 log after 6 h of exposure to sunlight. In contrast, the CFUs remained nearly unchanged in unexposed containers, showing a mean decrease of 0.3 log. By 2 h, bacterial inactivation at high altitudes was 1.7-fold greater than that at lower altitudes (P<0.05). By 6 h, nearly all bacteria were inactivated at high or low altitudes. At 6 h, no statistical difference was observed in the efficiency of inactivation between elevations. Compared with Nalgene bottles, plastic bottles had a 1.4-fold greater decrease in CFUs (P<0.05). No statistical difference in bacterial inactivation was found between plastic bottles and plastic bags. CONCLUSIONS At high altitudes, SODIS is an effective method for inactivating E coli. Further research investigating other microorganisms is warranted to determine whether SODIS is suitable for disinfecting contaminated water at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Van Hoesen
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - William Mundo
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Savannah Mierau
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Camille J Hochheimer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Steven Shaw
- Graduate School, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Brian C Russo
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Elaine Reno
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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LaSalle TJ, Gonye ALK, Freeman SS, Kaplonek P, Gushterova I, Kays KR, Manakongtreecheep K, Tantivit J, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Thomas MF, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilly BM, Mckaig BN, Charland NC, Khanna HK, Lodenstein CL, Margolin JD, Blaum EM, Lirofonis PB, Revach OY, Mehta A, Sonny A, Bhattacharyya RP, Parry BA, Goldberg MB, Alter G, Filbin MR, Villani AC, Hacohen N, Sade-Feldman M. Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers phenotypes associated with severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100779. [PMID: 36208629 PMCID: PMC9510054 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain incompletely understood. Here, we collect longitudinal blood samples from 306 hospitalized COVID-19+ patients and 86 controls and perform bulk RNA sequencing of enriched neutrophils, plasma proteomics, and high-throughput antibody profiling to investigate relationships between neutrophil states and disease severity. We identify dynamic switches between six distinct neutrophil subtypes. At days 3 and 7 post-hospitalization, patients with severe disease display a granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like gene expression signature, while patients with resolving disease show a neutrophil progenitor-like signature. Humoral responses are identified as potential drivers of neutrophil effector functions, with elevated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-to-IgA1 ratios in plasma of severe patients who survived. In vitro experiments confirm that while patient-derived IgG antibodies induce phagocytosis in healthy donor neutrophils, IgA antibodies predominantly induce neutrophil cell death. Overall, our study demonstrates a dysregulated myelopoietic response in severe COVID-19 and a potential role for IgA-dominant responses contributing to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J LaSalle
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anna L K Gonye
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Irena Gushterova
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle R Kays
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C Russo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nihaarika Sharma
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly F Thomas
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brendan M Lilly
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna N Mckaig
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole C Charland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hargun K Khanna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl L Lodenstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D Margolin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Blaum
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paola B Lirofonis
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Or-Yam Revach
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arnav Mehta
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abraham Sonny
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roby P Bhattacharyya
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blair Alden Parry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Filbin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Leisman DE, Mehta A, Thompson BT, Charland NC, Gonye ALK, Gushterova I, Kays KR, Khanna HK, LaSalle TJ, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilley BM, Lodenstein CL, Manakongtreecheep K, Margolin JD, McKaig BN, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Tantivit J, Thomas MF, Parry BA, Villani AC, Sade-Feldman M, Hacohen N, Filbin MR, Goldberg MB. Alveolar, Endothelial, and Organ Injury Marker Dynamics in Severe COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:507-519. [PMID: 34878969 PMCID: PMC8906476 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202106-1514oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Alveolar and endothelial injury may be differentially associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) severity over time. Objectives: To describe alveolar and endothelial injury dynamics and associations with COVID-19 severity, cardiorenovascular injury, and outcomes. Methods: This single-center observational study enrolled patients with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support at emergency department presentation. More than 40 markers of alveolar (including receptor for advanced glycation endproducts [RAGE]), endothelial (including angiopoietin-2), and cardiorenovascular injury (including renin, kidney injury molecule-1, and troponin-I) were serially compared between invasively and spontaneously ventilated patients using mixed-effects repeated-measures models. Ventilatory ratios were calculated for intubated patients. Associations of biomarkers with modified World Health Organization scale at Day 28 were determined with multivariable proportional-odds regression. Measurements and Main Results: Of 225 patients, 74 (33%) received invasive ventilation at Day 0. RAGE was 1.80-fold higher in invasive ventilation patients at Day 0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-2.17) versus spontaneous ventilation, but decreased over time in all patients. Changes in alveolar markers did not correlate with changes in endothelial, cardiac, or renal injury markers. In contrast, endothelial markers were similar to lower at Day 0 for invasive ventilation versus spontaneous ventilation, but then increased over time only among intubated patients. In intubated patients, angiopoietin-2 was similar (fold difference, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89-1.17) to nonintubated patients at Day 0 but 1.80-fold higher (95% CI, 1.56-2.06) at Day 3; cardiorenovascular injury markers showed similar patterns. Endothelial markers were not consistently associated with ventilatory ratios. Endothelial markers were more often significantly associated with 28-day outcomes than alveolar markers. Conclusions: Alveolar injury markers increase early. Endothelial injury markers increase later and are associated with cardiorenovascular injury and 28-day outcome. Alveolar and endothelial injury likely contribute at different times to disease progression in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Leisman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Department of Medicine
| | - Arnav Mehta
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Anna L. K. Gonye
- Center for Cancer Research
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Center for Cancer Research
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Center for Cancer Research
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | | | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Center for Cancer Research
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, and
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, and
| | - Nihaarika Sharma
- Center for Cancer Research
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Center for Cancer Research
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Molly F. Thomas
- Center for Cancer Research
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Michael R. Filbin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, and
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
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7
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Kaplonek P, Wang C, Bartsch Y, Fischinger S, Gorman MJ, Bowman K, Kang J, Dayal D, Martin P, Nowak RP, Villani AC, Hsieh CL, Charland NC, Gonye AL, Gushterova I, Khanna HK, LaSalle TJ, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilley BM, Lodenstein CL, Manakongtreecheep K, Margolin JD, McKaig BN, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Tantivit J, Thomas MF, Sade-Feldman M, Feldman J, Julg B, Nilles EJ, Musk ER, Menon AS, Fischer ES, McLellan JS, Schmidt A, Goldberg MB, Filbin MR, Hacohen N, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G. Early cross-coronavirus reactive signatures of humoral immunity against COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabj2901. [PMID: 34652962 PMCID: PMC8943686 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of vaccines has inspired hope in the battle against SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of viral variants, in the absence of potent antivirals, has left the world struggling with the uncertain nature of this disease. Antibodies currently represent the strongest correlate of immunity against SARS-CoV-2, thus we profiled the earliest humoral signatures in a large cohort of acutely ill (survivors and nonsurvivors) and mild or asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19. Although a SARS-CoV-2–specific immune response evolved rapidly in survivors of COVID-19, nonsurvivors exhibited blunted and delayed humoral immune evolution, particularly with respect to S2-specific antibodies. Given the conservation of S2 across β-coronaviruses, we found that the early development of SARS-CoV-2–specific immunity occurred in tandem with preexisting common β-coronavirus OC43 humoral immunity in survivors, which was also selectively expanded in individuals that develop a paucisymptomatic infection. These data point to the importance of cross-coronavirus immunity as a correlate of protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yannic Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diana Dayal
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Martin
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Radoslaw P. Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicole C. Charland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna L.K. Gonye
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hargun K. Khanna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brendan M. Lilley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl L. Lodenstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D. Margolin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna N. McKaig
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nihaarika Sharma
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly F. Thomas
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Elon R. Musk
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Anil S. Menon
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R. Filbin
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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LaSalle TJ, Gonye ALK, Freeman SS, Kaplonek P, Gushterova I, Kays KR, Manakongtreecheep K, Tantivit J, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Thomas MF, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilly BM, Mckaig BN, Charland NC, Khanna HK, Lodenstein CL, Margolin JD, Blaum EM, Lirofonis PB, Sonny A, Bhattacharyya RP, Parry BA, Goldberg MB, Alter G, Filbin MR, Villani AC, Hacohen N, Sade-Feldman M. Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers distinct phenotypes associated with disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34642692 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.04.463121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified an association between neutrophils and COVID-19 disease severity; however, the mechanistic basis of this association remains incompletely understood. Here we collected 781 longitudinal blood samples from 306 hospitalized COVID-19 + patients, 78 COVID-19 âˆ' acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, and 8 healthy controls, and performed bulk RNA-sequencing of enriched neutrophils, plasma proteomics, cfDNA measurements and high throughput antibody profiling assays to investigate the relationship between neutrophil states and disease severity or death. We identified dynamic switches between six distinct neutrophil subtypes using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. At days 3 and 7 post-hospitalization, patients with severe disease had an enrichment of a granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cell-like state gene expression signature, while non-severe patients with resolved disease were enriched for a progenitor-like immature neutrophil state signature. Severe disease was associated with gene sets related to neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) signatures, distinct metabolic signatures, and enhanced neutrophil activation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that the majority of patients had a transient interferon-stimulated gene signature upon presentation to the emergency department (ED) defined here as Day 0, regardless of disease severity, which persisted only in patients who subsequently died. Humoral responses were identified as potential drivers of neutrophil effector functions, as enhanced antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis and reduced NETosis was associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG1-to-IgA1 ratios in plasma of severe patients who survived. In vitro experiments confirmed that while patient-derived IgG antibodies mostly drove neutrophil phagocytosis and ROS production in healthy donor neutrophils, patient-derived IgA antibodies induced a predominant NETosis response. Overall, our study demonstrates neutrophil dysregulation in severe COVID-19 and a potential role for IgA-dominant responses in driving neutrophil effector functions in severe disease and mortality.
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9
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Li Y, Schneider AM, Mehta A, Sade-Feldman M, Kays KR, Gentili M, Charland NC, Gonye AL, Gushterova I, Khanna HK, LaSalle TJ, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilley BM, Lodenstein CL, Manakongtreecheep K, Margolin JD, McKaig BN, Parry BA, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Tantivit J, Thomas MF, Regan J, Flynn JP, Villani AC, Hacohen N, Goldberg MB, Filbin MR, Li JZ. SARS-CoV-2 viremia is associated with distinct proteomic pathways and predicts COVID-19 outcomes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148635. [PMID: 34196300 PMCID: PMC8245177 DOI: 10.1172/jci148635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia has been associated with severe disease and death in COVID-19 in small-scale cohort studies. The mechanisms behind this association remain elusive.METHODSWe evaluated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, disease outcome, and inflammatory and proteomic profiles in a cohort of COVID-19 emergency department participants. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was measured using a quantitative reverse transcription PCR-based platform. Proteomic data were generated with Proximity Extension Assay using the Olink platform.RESULTSThis study included 300 participants with nucleic acid test-confirmed COVID-19. Plasma SARS-CoV-2 viremia levels at the time of presentation predicted adverse disease outcomes, with an adjusted OR of 10.6 (95% CI 4.4-25.5, P < 0.001) for severe disease (mechanical ventilation and/or 28-day mortality) and 3.9 (95% CI 1.5-10.1, P = 0.006) for 28-day mortality. Proteomic analyses revealed prominent proteomic pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 viremia, including upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors (ACE2, CTSL, FURIN), heightened markers of tissue damage to the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and endothelium/vasculature, and alterations in coagulation pathways.CONCLUSIONThese results highlight the cascade of vascular and tissue damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia that underlies its ability to predict COVID-19 disease outcomes.FUNDINGMark and Lisa Schwartz; the National Institutes of Health (U19AI082630); the American Lung Association; the Executive Committee on Research at Massachusetts General Hospital; the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative; Arthur, Sandra, and Sarah Irving for the David P. Ryan, MD, Endowed Chair in Cancer Research; an EMBO Long-Term Fellowship (ALTF 486-2018); a Cancer Research Institute/Bristol Myers Squibb Fellowship (CRI2993); the Harvard Catalyst/Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH awards UL1TR001102 and UL1TR002541-01); and by the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 5P30AI060354).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexis M. Schneider
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arnav Mehta
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kyle R. Kays
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matteo Gentili
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole C. Charland
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna L.K. Gonye
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hargun K. Khanna
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Brendan M. Lilley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl L. Lodenstein
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin D. Margolin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brenna N. McKaig
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blair A. Parry
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nihaarika Sharma
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Molly F. Thomas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael R. Filbin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Filbin MR, Mehta A, Schneider AM, Kays KR, Guess JR, Gentili M, Fenyves BG, Charland NC, Gonye AL, Gushterova I, Khanna HK, LaSalle TJ, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilley BM, Lodenstein CL, Manakongtreecheep K, Margolin JD, McKaig BN, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Tantivit J, Thomas MF, Gerszten RE, Heimberg GS, Hoover PJ, Lieb DJ, Lin B, Ngo D, Pelka K, Reyes M, Smillie CS, Waghray A, Wood TE, Zajac AS, Jennings LL, Grundberg I, Bhattacharyya RP, Parry BA, Villani AC, Sade-Feldman M, Hacohen N, Goldberg MB. Longitudinal proteomic analysis of severe COVID-19 reveals survival-associated signatures, tissue-specific cell death, and cell-cell interactions. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100287. [PMID: 33969320 PMCID: PMC8091031 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease remain poorly understood. We analyze several thousand plasma proteins longitudinally in 306 COVID-19 patients and 78 symptomatic controls, uncovering immune and non-immune proteins linked to COVID-19. Deconvolution of our plasma proteome data using published scRNA-seq datasets reveals contributions from circulating immune and tissue cells. Sixteen percent of patients display reduced inflammation yet comparably poor outcomes. Comparison of patients who died to severely ill survivors identifies dynamic immune-cell-derived and tissue-associated proteins associated with survival, including exocrine pancreatic proteases. Using derived tissue-specific and cell-type-specific intracellular death signatures, cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, and our data, we infer whether organ damage resulted from direct or indirect effects of infection. We propose a model in which interactions among myeloid, epithelial, and T cells drive tissue damage. These datasets provide important insights and a rich resource for analysis of mechanisms of severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Filbin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arnav Mehta
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis M. Schneider
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle R. Kays
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matteo Gentili
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bánk G. Fenyves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicole C. Charland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna L.K. Gonye
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hargun K. Khanna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brendan M. Lilley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl L. Lodenstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D. Margolin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna N. McKaig
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nihaarika Sharma
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly F. Thomas
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham S. Heimberg
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul J. Hoover
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J. Lieb
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karin Pelka
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Smillie
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E. Wood
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda S. Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Roby P. Bhattacharyya
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blair Alden Parry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Li Y, Schneider AM, Mehta A, Sade-Feldman M, Kays KR, Gentili M, Charland NC, Gonye ALK, Gushterova I, Khanna HK, LaSalle TJ, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilly BM, Lodenstein CL, Manakongtreecheep K, Margolin JD, McKaig BN, Parry BA, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Tantivit J, Thomas MF, Regan J, Flynn JP, Villani AC, Hacohen N, Goldberg MB, Filbin MR, Li JZ. SARS-CoV-2 Viremia is Associated with Distinct Proteomic Pathways and Predicts COVID-19 Outcomes. medRxiv 2021:2021.02.24.21252357. [PMID: 33655257 PMCID: PMC7924277 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.24.21252357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) plasma viremia has been associated with severe disease and death in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in small-scale cohort studies. The mechanisms behind this association remain elusive. METHODS We evaluated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, disease outcome, inflammatory and proteomic profiles in a cohort of COVID-19 emergency department participants. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was measured using qRT-PCR based platform. Proteomic data were generated with Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) using the Olink platform. RESULTS Three hundred participants with nucleic acid test-confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Levels of plasma SARS-CoV-2 viremia at the time of presentation predicted adverse disease outcomes, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 10.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4, 25.5, P<0.001) for severe disease (mechanical ventilation and/or 28-day mortality) and aOR of 3.9 (95%CI 1.5, 10.1, P=0.006) for 28-day mortality. Proteomic analyses revealed prominent proteomic pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 viremia, including upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors (ACE2, CTSL, FURIN), heightened markers of tissue damage to the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, endothelium/vasculature and alterations in coagulation pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the cascade of vascular and tissue damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia that underlies its ability to predict COVID-19 disease outcomes.
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12
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Duncan-Lowey JK, Wiscovitch AL, Wood TE, Goldberg MB, Russo BC. Shigella flexneri Disruption of Cellular Tension Promotes Intercellular Spread. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108409. [PMID: 33238111 PMCID: PMC7792532 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection, some bacterial pathogens invade the eukaryotic cytosol and spread between cells of an epithelial monolayer. Intercellular spread occurs when these pathogens push against the plasma membrane, forming protrusions that are engulfed by adjacent cells. Here, we show that IpaC, a Shigella flexneri type 3 secretion system protein, binds the host cell-adhesion protein β-catenin and facilitates efficient protrusion formation. S. flexneri producing a point mutant of IpaC that cannot interact with β-catenin is defective in protrusion formation and spread. Spread is restored by chemical reduction of intercellular tension or genetic depletion of β-catenin, and the magnitude of the protrusion defect correlates with membrane tension, indicating that IpaC reduces membrane tension, which facilitates protrusion formation. IpaC stabilizes adherens junctions and does not alter β-catenin localization at the membrane. Thus, Shigella, like other bacterial pathogens, reduces intercellular tension to efficiently spread between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K. Duncan-Lowey
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Present address: Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Wiscovitch
- Research Scholar Initiative, The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Present address: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas E. Wood
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence: (M.B.G.), (B.C.R.)
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Present address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence: (M.B.G.), (B.C.R.)
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Filbin MR, Mehta A, Schneider AM, Kays KR, Guess JR, Gentili M, Fenyves BG, Charland NC, Gonye ALK, Gushterova I, Khanna HK, LaSalle TJ, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilly BM, Lodenstein CL, Manakongtreecheep K, Margolin JD, McKaig BN, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Tantivit J, Thomas MF, Gerszten RE, Heimberg GS, Hoover PJ, Lieb DJ, Lin B, Ngo D, Pelka K, Reyes M, Smillie CS, Waghray A, Wood TE, Zajac AS, Jennings LL, Grundberg I, Bhattacharyya RP, Parry BA, Villani AC, Sade-Feldman M, Hacohen N, Goldberg MB. Plasma proteomics reveals tissue-specific cell death and mediators of cell-cell interactions in severe COVID-19 patients. bioRxiv 2020:2020.11.02.365536. [PMID: 33173871 PMCID: PMC7654866 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.365536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused over 1 million deaths globally, yet the cellular mechanisms underlying severe disease remain poorly understood. By analyzing several thousand plasma proteins in 306 COVID-19 patients and 78 symptomatic controls over serial timepoints using two complementary approaches, we uncover COVID-19 host immune and non-immune proteins not previously linked to this disease. Integration of plasma proteomics with nine published scRNAseq datasets shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulates monocyte/macrophage, plasmablast, and T cell effector proteins. By comparing patients who died to severely ill patients who survived, we identify dynamic immunomodulatory and tissue-associated proteins associated with survival, providing insights into which host responses are beneficial and which are detrimental to survival. We identify intracellular death signatures from specific tissues and cell types, and by associating these with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, we map tissue damage associated with severe disease and propose which damage results from direct viral infection rather than from indirect effects of illness. We find that disease severity in lung tissue is driven by myeloid cell phenotypes and cell-cell interactions with lung epithelial cells and T cells. Based on these results, we propose a model of immune and epithelial cell interactions that drive cell-type specific and tissue-specific damage in severe COVID-19.
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Nau GJ, Horzempa J, O’Dee D, Brown MJ, Russo BC, Hernandez A, Dillon ST, Cheng J, Kane LP, Sanker S, Hukriede NA. A predicted Francisella tularensis DXD-motif glycosyltransferase blocks immune activation. Virulence 2019; 10:643-656. [PMID: 31314675 PMCID: PMC6650193 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1631662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens enhance their survival during infections by manipulating host defenses. Francisella tularensis evades innate immune responses, which we have found to be dependent on an understudied gene ybeX (FTL_0883/FTT_0615c). To understand the function of YbeX, we sought protein interactors in F. tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (LVS). An unstudied Francisella protein co-immunoprecipitated with recombinant YbeX, which is a predicted glycosyltransferase with a DXD-motif. There are up to four genomic copies of this gene with identical sequence in strains of F. tularensis pathogenic to humans, despite ongoing genome decay. Disruption mutations were generated by intron insertion into all three copies of this glycosyltransferase domain containing gene in LVS, gdcA1-3. The resulting strains stimulated more cytokines from macrophages in vitro than wild-type LVS and were attenuated in two in vivo infection models. GdcA was released from LVS during culture and was sufficient to block NF-κB activation when expressed in eukaryotic cells. When co-expressed in zebrafish, GdcA and YbeX were synergistically lethal to embryo development. Glycosyltransferases with DXD-motifs are found in a variety of pathogens including NleB, an Escherichia coli type-III secretion system effector that inhibits NF-κB by antagonizing death receptor signaling. To our knowledge, GdcA is the first DXD-motif glycosyltransferase that inhibits NF-κB in immune cells. Together, these findings suggest DXD-motif glycosyltransferases may be a conserved virulence mechanism used by pathogenic bacteria to remodel host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J. Nau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph Horzempa
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, USA
| | - Dawn O’Dee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana Hernandez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Simon T. Dillon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Subramaniam Sanker
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Neil A. Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Russo BC, Duncan JK, Wiscovitch AL, Hachey AC, Goldberg MB. Activation of Shigella flexneri type 3 secretion requires a host-induced conformational change to the translocon pore. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007928. [PMID: 31725799 PMCID: PMC6879154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) are conserved bacterial nanomachines that inject virulence proteins (effectors) into eukaryotic cells during infection. Due to their ability to inject heterologous proteins into human cells, these systems are being developed as therapeutic delivery devices. The T3SS assembles a translocon pore in the plasma membrane and then docks onto the pore. Docking activates effector secretion through the pore and into the host cytosol. Here, using Shigella flexneri, a model pathogen for the study of type 3 secretion, we determined the molecular mechanisms by which host intermediate filaments trigger docking and enable effector secretion. We show that the interaction of intermediate filaments with the translocon pore protein IpaC changed the pore's conformation in a manner that was required for docking. Intermediate filaments repositioned residues of the Shigella pore protein IpaC that are located on the surface of the pore and in the pore channel. Restricting these conformational changes blocked docking in an intermediate filament-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that a host-induced conformational change to the pore enables T3SS docking and effector secretion, providing new mechanistic insight into the regulation of type 3 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Russo
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K. Duncan
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexandra L. Wiscovitch
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Research Scholar Initiative, The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Austin C. Hachey
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Russo BC, Stamm LM, Raaben M, Kim CM, Kahoud E, Robinson LR, Bose S, Queiroz AL, Herrera BB, Baxt LA, Mor-Vaknin N, Fu Y, Molina G, Markovitz DM, Whelan SP, Goldberg MB. Intermediate filaments enable pathogen docking to trigger type 3 effector translocation. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16025. [PMID: 27572444 PMCID: PMC5006386 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) of bacterial pathogens translocate bacterial effector proteins that mediate disease into the eukaryotic cytosol. Effectors traverse the plasma membrane through a translocon pore formed by T3SS proteins. In a genome-wide selection, we identified the intermediate filament vimentin as required for infection by the T3SS-dependent pathogen Shigella flexneri. We found that vimentin is required for efficient T3SS translocation of effectors by S. flexneri and other pathogens that use T3SS, Salmonella Typhimurium and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Vimentin and the intestinal epithelial intermediate filament keratin 18 interact with the C-terminus of the Shigella translocon pore protein IpaC. Vimentin and its interaction with IpaC are dispensable for pore formation, but are required for stable docking of S. flexneri to cells; moreover, stable docking triggers effector secretion. These findings establish that stable docking of the bacterium specifically requires intermediate filaments, is a process distinct from pore formation, and is a prerequisite for effector secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Russo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Luisa M Stamm
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Matthijs Raaben
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Caleb M Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Emily Kahoud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Lindsey R Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sayantan Bose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ana L Queiroz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Leigh A Baxt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nirit Mor-Vaknin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yang Fu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Gabriel Molina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - David M Markovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sean P Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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17
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Brown MJ, Russo BC, O'Dee DM, Schmitt DM, Nau GJ. The contribution of the glycine cleavage system to the pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis. Microbes Infect 2013; 16:300-9. [PMID: 24374051 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis and acquisition of nutrients during infection are integral to pathogenesis. Members of a metabolic pathway, the glycine cleavage system, have been identified in virulence screens of the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis but their role in pathogenesis remains unknown. This system generates 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a precursor of amino acid and DNA synthesis, from glycine degradation. To characterize this pathway, deletion of the gcvT homolog, an essential member of this system, was performed in attenuated and virulent F. tularensis strains. Deletion mutants were auxotrophic for serine but behaved similar to wild-type strains with respect to host cell invasion, intracellular replication, and stimulation of TNF-α. Unexpectedly, the glycine cleavage system was required for the pathogenesis of virulent F. tularensis in a murine model. Deletion of the gcvT homolog delayed mortality and lowered bacterial burden, particularly in the liver and bloodstream. To reconcile differences between the cell culture model and animal model, minimal tissue culture media was employed to mimic the nutritionally limiting environment of the host. This reevaluation demonstrated that the glycine cleavage system contributes to the intracellular replication of virulent F. tularensis in serine limiting environments. Thus, the glycine cleavage system is the serine biosynthetic pathway of F. tularensis and contributes to pathogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Brian C Russo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dawn M O'Dee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Deanna M Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gerard J Nau
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Medicine - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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18
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Russo BC, Brown MJ, Nau GJ. MyD88-dependent signaling prolongs survival and reduces bacterial burden during pulmonary infection with virulent Francisella tularensis. Am J Pathol 2013; 183:1223-1232. [PMID: 23920326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the debilitating febrile illness tularemia. The severe morbidity associated with F. tularensis infections is attributed to its ability to evade the host immune response. Innate immune activation is undetectable until more than 48 hours after infection. The ensuing inflammatory response is considered pathological, eliciting a septic-like state characterized by hypercytokinemia and cell death. To investigate potential pathological consequences of the innate immune response, mice deficient in a key innate immune signaling molecule, MyD88, were studied. MyD88 knockout (KO) mice were infected with the prototypical virulent F. tularensis strain, Schu S4. MyD88 KO mice succumbed to infection more rapidly than wild-type mice. The enhanced pathogenicity of Schu S4 in MyD88 KO mice was associated with greater bacterial burdens in lungs and distal organs, and the absence of IFN-γ in the lungs, spleens, and sera. Cellular infiltrates were not observed on histological evaluation of the lungs, livers, or spleens of MyD88 KO mice, the first KO mouse described with this phenotype to our knowledge. Despite the absence of cellular infiltration, there was more cell death in the lungs of MyD88 KO mice. Thus, the host proinflammatory response is beneficial, and MyD88 signaling is required to limit bacterial burden and prolong survival during pulmonary infection by virulent F. tularensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Russo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard J Nau
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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19
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Schmitt DM, O'Dee DM, Horzempa J, Carlson PE, Russo BC, Bales JM, Brown MJ, Nau GJ. A Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain that improves stimulation of antigen-presenting cells does not enhance vaccine efficacy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31172. [PMID: 22355343 PMCID: PMC3280287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a proven strategy to mitigate morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. The methodology of identifying and testing new vaccine candidates could be improved with rational design and in vitro testing prior to animal experimentation. The tularemia vaccine, Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), does not elicit complete protection against lethal challenge with a virulent type A Francisella strain. One factor that may contribute to this poor performance is limited stimulation of antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we examined whether the interaction of genetically modified LVS strains with human antigen-presenting cells correlated with effectiveness as tularemia vaccine candidates. Human dendritic cells infected with wild-type LVS secrete low levels of proinflammatory cytokines, fail to upregulate costimulatory molecules, and activate human T cells poorly in vitro. One LVS mutant, strain 13B47, stimulated higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines from dendritic cells and macrophages and increased costimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells compared to wild type. Additionally, 13B47-infected dendritic cells activated T cells more efficiently than LVS-infected cells. A deletion allele of the same gene in LVS displayed similar in vitro characteristics, but vaccination with this strain did not improve survival after challenge with a virulent Francisella strain. In vivo, this mutant was attenuated for growth and did not stimulate T cell responses in the lung comparable to wild type. Therefore, stimulation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro was improved by genetic modification of LVS, but did not correlate with efficacy against challenge in vivo within this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. O'Dee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph Horzempa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Carlson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Bales
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gerard J. Nau
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine – Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Horzempa J, Shanks RMQ, Brown MJ, Russo BC, O'Dee DM, Nau GJ. Utilization of an unstable plasmid and the I-SceI endonuclease to generate routine markerless deletion mutants in Francisella tularensis. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 80:106-8. [PMID: 19879904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We engineered an efficient system to make Francisella tularensis deletion mutations using an unstable, poorly maintained plasmid to enhance the likelihood of homologous recombination. For counterselection, we adapted a strategy using I-SceI, which causes a double-stranded break in the integrated suicide vector, forcing a second recombination to mediate allelic replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Horzempa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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