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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Moreno-Martínez L, González P, Dopazo XM, Calvo AC, Pidal-Ladrón de Guevara I, Seisdedos E, Díaz-Muñoz R, Mellström B, Osta R, Naranjo JR. Repaglinide Induces ATF6 Processing and Neuroprotection in Transgenic SOD1G93A Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15783. [PMID: 37958767 PMCID: PMC10648964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a key effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum, with the neuronal calcium sensor Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator (DREAM) is a potential therapeutic target in neurodegeneration. Modulation of the ATF6-DREAM interaction with repaglinide (RP) induced neuroprotection in a model of Huntington's disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no cure, characterized by the progressive loss of motoneurons resulting in muscle denervation, atrophy, paralysis, and death. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential therapeutic significance of DREAM as a target for intervention in ALS. We found that the expression of the DREAM protein was reduced in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice compared to wild-type littermates. RP treatment improved motor strength and reduced the expression of the ALS progression marker collagen type XIXα1 (Col19α1 mRNA) in the quadriceps muscle in SOD1G93A mice. Moreover, treated SOD1G93A mice showed reduced motoneuron loss and glial activation and increased ATF6 processing in the spinal cord. These results indicate that the modulation of the DREAM-ATF6 interaction ameliorates ALS symptoms in SOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-M.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Laura Moreno-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-M.); (A.C.C.)
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paz González
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-M.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Xose Manuel Dopazo
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-M.); (A.C.C.)
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Pidal-Ladrón de Guevara
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
| | - Elisa Seisdedos
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
| | - Rodrigo Díaz-Muñoz
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
| | - Britt Mellström
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-M.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Rosario Osta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-M.); (A.C.C.)
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ramón Naranjo
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (P.G.); (X.M.D.); (I.P.-L.d.G.); (E.S.); (R.D.-M.); (B.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-M.); (A.C.C.)
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Naranjo R, González P, Lopez-Hurtado A, Dopazo XM, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Inhibition of the Neuronal Calcium Sensor DREAM Modulates Presenilin-2 Endoproteolysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:449. [PMID: 30559648 PMCID: PMC6287014 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated intracellular Ca2+ and protein homeostasis underlie synaptic dysfunction and are common features in neurodegenerative diseases. DREAM, also known as calsenilin or KChIP-3, is a multifunctional Ca2+ binding protein of the neuronal calcium sensor superfamily with specific functions through protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. Small-molecules able to bind DREAM, like the anti-diabetic drug repaglinide, disrupt some of the interactions with other proteins and modulate DREAM activity on Kv4 channels or on the processing of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Here, we show the interaction of endogenous DREAM and presenilin-2 (PS2) in mouse brain and, using DREAM deficient mice or transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant active DREAM (daDREAM) mutant in the brain, we provide genetic evidence of the role of DREAM in the endoproteolysis of endogenous PS2. We show that repaglinide disrupts the interaction between DREAM and the C-terminal PS2 fragment (Ct-PS2) by coimmunoprecipitation assays. Exposure to sub-micromolar concentrations of repaglinide reduces the levels of Ct-PS2 fragment in N2a neuroblastoma cells. These results suggest that the interaction between DREAM and PS2 may represent a new target for modulation of PS2 processing, which could have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,National Biotechnology Center (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz González
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,National Biotechnology Center (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Hurtado
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,National Biotechnology Center (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xosé M Dopazo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,National Biotechnology Center (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,National Biotechnology Center (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,National Biotechnology Center (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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López-Hurtado A, Burgos DF, González P, Dopazo XM, González V, Rábano A, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Inhibition of DREAM-ATF6 interaction delays onset of cognition deficit in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Mol Brain 2018. [PMID: 29523177 PMCID: PMC5845147 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) is a multifunctional neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) that controls Ca2+ and protein homeostasis through gene regulation and protein-protein interactions. Downregulation of DREAM is part of an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism that improves ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) processing, neuronal survival in the striatum, and motor coordination in R6/2 mice, a model of Huntington’s disease (HD). Whether modulation of DREAM activity can also ameliorate cognition deficits in HD mice has not been studied. Moreover, it is not known whether DREAM downregulation in HD is unique, or also occurs for other NCS family members. Using the novel object recognition test, we show that chronic administration of the DREAM-binding molecule repaglinide, or induced DREAM haplodeficiency delays onset of cognitive impairment in R6/1 mice, another HD model. The mechanism involves a notable rise in the levels of transcriptionally active ATF6 protein in the hippocampus after repaglinide administration. In addition, we show that reduction in DREAM protein in the hippocampus of HD patients was not accompanied by downregulation of other NCS family members. Our results indicate that DREAM inhibition markedly improves ATF6 processing in the hippocampus and that it might contribute to a delay in memory decline in HD mice. The mechanism of neuroprotection through DREAM silencing in HD does not apply to other NCS family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Hurtado
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz González
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xose M Dopazo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina González
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Mellström B, Kastanauskaite A, Knafo S, Gonzalez P, Dopazo XM, Ruiz-Nuño A, Jefferys JGR, Zhuo M, Bliss TVP, Naranjo JR, DeFelipe J. Specific cytoarchitectureal changes in hippocampal subareas in daDREAM mice. Mol Brain 2016; 9:22. [PMID: 26928278 PMCID: PMC4772309 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) is a Ca2+-binding protein that regulates Ca2+ homeostasis through gene regulation and protein-protein interactions. It has been shown that a dominant active form (daDREAM) is implicated in learning-related synaptic plasticity such as LTP and LTD in the hippocampus. Neuronal spines are reported to play important roles in plasticity and memory. However, the possible role of DREAM in spine plasticity has not been reported. Results Here we show that potentiating DREAM activity, by overexpressing daDREAM, reduced dendritic basal arborization and spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons and increased spine density in dendrites in dentate gyrus granule cells. These microanatomical changes are accompanied by significant modifications in the expression of specific genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins Arc, Formin 1 and Gelsolin in daDREAM hippocampus. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that DREAM plays an important role in structural plasticity in the hippocampus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0204-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Mellström
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asta Kastanauskaite
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,Cajal Institute, CSIC Madrid, Av Dr. Arce,37 E-28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Technology Center, Politecnica University Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shira Knafo
- Cajal Institute, CSIC Madrid, Av Dr. Arce,37 E-28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Present address: IkerBasque Basque Foundation for Science and BioCruces, Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Xose M Dopazo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ruiz-Nuño
- Neuronal Networks Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - John G R Jefferys
- Neuronal Networks Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tim V P Bliss
- MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,Cajal Institute, CSIC Madrid, Av Dr. Arce,37 E-28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Technology Center, Politecnica University Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Naranjo JR, Zhang H, Villar D, González P, Dopazo XM, Morón-Oset J, Higueras E, Oliveros JC, Arrabal MD, Prieto A, Cercós P, González T, De la Cruz A, Casado-Vela J, Rábano A, Valenzuela C, Gutierrez-Rodriguez M, Li JY, Mellström B. Activating transcription factor 6 derepression mediates neuroprotection in Huntington disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:627-38. [PMID: 26752648 DOI: 10.1172/jci82670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated protein and Ca2+ homeostasis underlie synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD); however, the factors that disrupt homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we determined that expression of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein, is reduced in murine in vivo and in vitro HD models and in HD patients. DREAM downregulation was observed early after birth and was associated with endogenous neuroprotection. In the R6/2 mouse HD model, induced DREAM haplodeficiency or blockade of DREAM activity by chronic administration of the drug repaglinide delayed onset of motor dysfunction, reduced striatal atrophy, and prolonged life span. DREAM-related neuroprotection was linked to an interaction between DREAM and the unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Repaglinide blocked this interaction and enhanced ATF6 processing and nuclear accumulation of transcriptionally active ATF6, improving prosurvival UPR function in striatal neurons. Together, our results identify a role for DREAM silencing in the activation of ATF6 signaling, which promotes early neuroprotection in HD.
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Néant I, Mellström B, Gonzalez P, Naranjo JR, Moreau M, Leclerc C. Kcnip1 a Ca²⁺-dependent transcriptional repressor regulates the size of the neural plate in Xenopus. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1853:2077-85. [PMID: 25499267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In amphibian embryos, our previous work has demonstrated that calcium transients occurring in the dorsal ectoderm at the onset of gastrulation are necessary and sufficient to engage the ectodermal cells into a neural fate by inducing neural specific genes. Some of these genes are direct targets of calcium. Here we search for a direct transcriptional mechanism by which calcium signals are acting. The only known mechanism responsible for a direct action of calcium on gene transcription involves an EF-hand Ca²⁺ binding protein which belongs to a group of four proteins (Kcnip1 to 4). Kcnip protein can act in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner as a transcriptional repressor by binding to a specific DNA sequence, the Downstream Regulatory Element (DRE) site. In Xenopus, among the four kcnips, we show that only kcnip1 is timely and spatially present in the presumptive neural territories and is able to bind DRE sites in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner. The loss of function of kcnip1 results in the expansion of the neural plate through an increased proliferation of neural progenitors. Later on, this leads to an impairment in the development of anterior neural structures. We propose that, in the embryo, at the onset of neurogenesis Kcnip1 is the Ca²⁺-dependent transcriptional repressor that controls the size of the neural plate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Néant
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 routes de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse, Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062 France; GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France; Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France; Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Moreau
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 routes de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse, Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062 France; GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Leclerc
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 routes de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse, Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062 France; GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
Intracellular free Ca(2+) ions regulate many cellular functions, and in turn, the cell devotes many genes/proteins to keep tight control of the level of intracellular free Ca(2+). Here, we review recent work on Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms and effectors that regulate the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of Ca(2+) in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Naranjo
- National Center of Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Dierssen M, Fedrizzi L, Gomez-Villafuertes R, de Lagran MM, Gutierrez-Adan A, Sahún I, Pintado B, Oliveros JC, Dopazo XM, Gonzalez P, Brini M, Mellström B, Carafoli E, Naranjo JR. Reduced Mid1 Expression and Delayed Neuromotor Development in daDREAM Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:58. [PMID: 22563308 PMCID: PMC3342529 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) is a Ca2+-binding protein that binds DNA and represses transcription in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Previous work has shown a role for DREAM in cerebellar function regulating the expression of the sodium/calcium exchanger 3 (NCX3) in cerebellar granular neurons to control Ca2+ homeostasis and survival of these neurons. To achieve a global view of the genes regulated by DREAM in the cerebellum, we performed a genome-wide analysis in transgenic cerebellum expressing a Ca2+-insensitive/CREB-independent dominant active mutant DREAM (daDREAM). Here we show that DREAM regulates the expression of the midline 1 (Mid1) gene early after birth. As a consequence, daDREAM mice exhibit a significant shortening of the rostro-caudal axis of the cerebellum and a delay in neuromotor development early after birth. Our results indicate a role for DREAM in cerebellar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dierssen
- Genomic Regulation Center, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Calì T, Fedrizzi L, Ottolini D, Gomez-Villafuertes R, Mellström B, Naranjo JR, Carafoli E, Brini M. Ca2+-activated nucleotidase 1, a novel target gene for the transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator), is involved in protein folding and degradation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:18478-91. [PMID: 22451650 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.304733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DREAM is a Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional repressor highly expressed in neuronal cells. A number of genes have already been identified as the target of its regulation. Targeted analysis performed on cerebella from transgenic mice expressing a dominant active DREAM mutant (daDREAM) showed a drastic reduction of the amount of transcript of Ca(2+)-activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi resident Ca(2+)-dependent nucleoside diphosphatase that has been suggested to have a role in glucosylation reactions related to the quality control of proteins in the ER and the Golgi apparatus. CANT1 down-regulation was also found in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably overexpressing wild type (wt) DREAM or daDREAM, thus providing a simple cell model to investigate the protein maturation pathway. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the down-regulation of CANT1 is associated with reduced protein secretion and increased degradation rates. Importantly, overexpression of wtDREAM or daDREAM augmented the expression of the EDEM1 gene, which encodes a key component of the ER-associated degradation pathway, suggesting an alternative pathway to enhanced protein degradation. Restoring CANT1 levels in neuroblastoma clones recovered the phenotype, thus confirming a key role of CANT1, and of the regulation of its gene by DREAM, in the control of protein synthesis and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Calì
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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10
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Abstract
DREAM/KChIP3 (Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator) is a multifunctional Ca(2+)-binding protein that acts in the nucleus as a Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional repressor. Binding to DNA and repressor activity of DREAM is regulated by Ca(2+), specific post-translational modifications as well as by protein-protein interactions with several nucleoproteins. Here, using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we characterized the interaction of DREAM with peroxiredoxin 3 (Prdx3), an antioxidant enzyme that uses the thioredoxin system as electron donor. Importantly, the DREAM/Prdx3 interaction is Ca(2+) dependent and is blocked by DTT. Coexpression of Prdx3 enhances DREAM binding to DRE sites and its repressor activity in vivo. Two cysteine residues in the N-terminal domain of DREAM are responsible for the redox modulation of its activity. Double Cys to Ser substitution results in a mutant DREAM with stronger repressor activity. Finally, we show that transient DREAM knockdown sensitizes PC12 cells to H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, suggesting a protective role for DREAM against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rivas
- Dpto. Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain
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Palczewska M, Casafont I, Ghimire K, Rojas AM, Valencia A, Lafarga M, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Sumoylation regulates nuclear localization of repressor DREAM. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1813:1050-8. [PMID: 21070824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
DREAM is a Ca(2+)-binding protein with specific functions in different cell compartments. In the nucleus, DREAM acts as a transcriptional repressor, although the mechanism that controls its nuclear localization is unknown. Yeast two-hybrid assay revealed the interaction between DREAM and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and bioinformatic analysis identified four sumoylation-susceptible sites in the DREAM sequence. Single K-to-R mutations at positions K26 and K90 prevented in vitro sumoylation of recombinant DREAM. DREAM sumoylation mutants retained the ability to bind to the DRE sequence but showed reduced nuclear localization and failed to regulate DRE-dependent transcription. In PC12 cells, sumoylated DREAM is present exclusively in the nucleus and neuronal differentiation induced nuclear accumulation of sumoylated DREAM. In fully differentiated trigeminal neurons, DREAM and SUMO-1 colocalized in nuclear domains associated with transcription. Our results show that sumoylation regulates the nuclear localization of DREAM in differentiated neurons. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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12
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Savignac M, Mellström B, Bébin AG, Oliveros JC, Delpy L, Pinaud E, Naranjo JR. Increased B cell proliferation and reduced Ig production in DREAM transgenic mice. J Immunol 2010; 185:7527-36. [PMID: 21059893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DREAM/KChIP-3 is a calcium-dependent transcriptional repressor highly expressed in immune cells. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant active DREAM mutant show reduced serum Ig levels. In vitro assays show that reduced Ig secretion is an intrinsic defect of transgenic B cells that occurs without impairment in plasma cell differentiation, class switch recombination, or Ig transcription. Surprisingly, transgenic B cells show an accelerated entry in cell division. Transcriptomic analysis of transgenic B cells revealed that hyperproliferative B cell response could be correlated with a reduced expression of Klf9, a cell-cycle regulator. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the defect in Ig production is associated with reduced translation rather than with increased protein degradation. Importantly, transgenic B cells showed reduced expression of the Eif4g3 gene, which encodes a protein related to protein translation. Our results disclose, to our knowledge, a novel function of DREAM in proliferation and Ig synthesis in B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Savignac
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Wu LJ, Mellström B, Wang H, Ren M, Domingo S, Kim SS, Li XY, Chen T, Naranjo JR, Zhuo M. DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) contributes to synaptic depression and contextual fear memory. Mol Brain 2010; 3:3. [PMID: 20205763 PMCID: PMC2822766 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein, binds specifically to DNA and several nucleoproteins regulating gene expression and with proteins outside the nucleus to regulate membrane excitability or calcium homeostasis. DREAM is highly expressed in the central nervous system including the hippocampus and cortex; however, the roles of DREAM in hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity have not been investigated. Taking advantage of transgenic mice overexpressing a Ca2+-insensitive DREAM mutant (TgDREAM), we used integrative methods including electrophysiology, biochemistry, immunostaining, and behavior tests to study the function of DREAM in synaptic transmission, long-term plasticity and fear memory in hippocampal CA1 region. We found that NMDA receptor but not AMPA receptor-mediated current was decreased in TgDREAM mice. Moreover, synaptic plasticity, such as long-term depression (LTD) but not long-term potentiation (LTP), was impaired in TgDREAM mice. Biochemical experiments found that DREAM interacts with PSD-95 and may inhibit NMDA receptor function through this interaction. Contextual fear memory was significantly impaired in TgDREAM mice. By contrast, sensory responses to noxious stimuli were not affected. Our results demonstrate that DREAM plays a novel role in postsynaptic modulation of the NMDA receptor, and contributes to synaptic plasticity and behavioral memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Ribeiro JP, Palczewska M, André S, Cañada FJ, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Mellström B, Naranjo JR, Scheffers DJ, Groves P. Diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects substoichiometric concentrations of small molecules in protein samples. Anal Biochem 2010; 396:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Rivas M, Mellström B, Torres B, Cali G, Ferrara AM, Terracciano D, Zannini M, Morreale de Escobar G, Naranjo JR. The DREAM protein is associated with thyroid enlargement and nodular development. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:862-70. [PMID: 19299442 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases and constitute an attractive therapeutic target. In the thyroid gland, TSH receptor (TSHR), a member of the GPCR family, is a major regulator of thyroid differentiation and function. Alterations in TSHR activity are often involved in the development of pathologies such as thyroid cancer and thyroid enlargement (goiter). Here we show that DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) modulates TSHR activity through a direct protein-protein interaction that promotes coupling between the receptor and Galphas. In transgenic mice, DREAM overexpression provokes a marked enlargement of the thyroid gland. Increased levels of DREAM protein were observed in human multinodular goiters, suggesting a novel etiopathogenic mechanism in nodular development in humans. Taken together, these findings identify a mechanism for the control of TSHR activity and provide a new approach for the study and treatment of thyroid pathologies associated with impaired TSHR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rivas
- Departamento Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Gomez-Villafuertes R, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Searching for a role of NCX/NCKX exchangers in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 35:195-202. [PMID: 17917108 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-007-0007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Control of intracellular calcium signaling is essential for neuronal development and function. Maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis depends on the functioning of specific transport systems that remove calcium from the cytosol. Na+/Ca2+ exchange is the main calcium export mechanism across the plasma membrane that restores resting levels of calcium in neurons after stimulation. Two families of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers exist, one of which requires the co-transport of K+ and Ca2+ in exchange for Na+ ions. The malfunctioning of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers has been related to the development of pathological conditions in the regulation of neuronal death after hypoxia-anoxia, brain trauma, and nerve injury. In addition, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger function has been associated with impaired Ca2+ homeostasis during aging of the brain, as well as with a role in Alzheimer's disease by regulating beta-amyloid toxicity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger families and their implications in neurodegenerative disorders.
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17
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Mellström B, Savignac M, Gomez-Villafuertes R, Naranjo JR. Ca2+-Operated Transcriptional Networks: Molecular Mechanisms and In Vivo Models. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:421-49. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is the most universal signal used by living organisms to convey information to many different cellular processes. In this review we present well-known and recently identified proteins that sense and decode the calcium signal and are key elements in the nucleus to regulate the activity of various transcriptional networks. When possible, the review also presents in vivo models in which the genes encoding these calcium sensors-transducers have been modified, to emphasize the critical role of these Ca2+-operated mechanisms in many physiological functions.
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18
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Savignac M, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Calcium-dependent transcription of cytokine genes in T lymphocytes. Pflugers Arch 2007; 454:523-33. [PMID: 17334777 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration is a general signaling mechanism used in many biological systems. In T lymphocytes, calcium is essential for activation, differentiation, and effector functions. In this study, we will summarize recent developments of how intracellular calcium concentrations are modified in T cells to affect the activity of three major calcium-dependent transcriptional effectors, i.e., NFAT, MEF2, and DREAM, involved in cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Savignac
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that transcription factors may have functions entirely distinct from the regulation of gene transcription. Here we describe three transcription factors that, when outside the nucleus, regulate calcium homeostasis by three independent but convergent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Naranjo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Ruiz-Gomez A, Mellström B, Tornero D, Morato E, Savignac M, Holguín H, Aurrekoetxea K, González P, González-García C, Ceña V, Mayor F, Naranjo JR. G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2-mediated Phosphorylation of Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator Regulates Membrane Trafficking of Kv4.2 Potassium Channel. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:1205-15. [PMID: 17102134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607166200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM)/potassium channel interacting protein (KChIP3) is a multifunctional protein of the neuronal calcium sensor subfamily of Ca2+-binding proteins with specific roles in different cell compartments. In the nucleus, DREAM acts as a Ca2+-dependent transcriptional repressor, and outside the nucleus DREAM interacts with Kv4 potassium channels, regulating their trafficking to the cell membrane and their gating properties. In this study we characterized the interaction of DREAM with GRK6 and GRK2, members of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family of proteins, and their phosphorylation of DREAM. Ser-95 was identified as the site phosphorylated by GRK2. This phosphorylation did not modify the repressor activity of DREAM. Mutation of Ser-95 to aspartic acid, however, blocked DREAM-mediated membrane expression of the Kv4.2 potassium channel without affecting channel tetramerization. Treatment with the calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporin A also blocked DREAM-mediated Kv4.2 channel trafficking and calcineurin de-phosphorylated GRK2-phosphorylated DREAM in vitro. Our results indicate that these two Ca2+-dependent posttranslational events regulate the activity of DREAM on Kv4.2 channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Gomez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa Universidad Autonoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Cabrera JR, Sanchez-Pulido L, Rojas AM, Valencia A, Mañes S, Naranjo JR, Mellström B. Gas1 Is Related to the Glial Cell-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptors α and Regulates Ret Signaling. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:14330-9. [PMID: 16551639 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509572200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest-specific gene 1 (Gas1) protein has been proposed to function during development as an inhibitor of growth and a mediator of cell death and is also re-expressed in adult neurons during excitotoxic insult. Here we have demonstrated that the Gas1 protein shows high structural similarity to the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptors alpha, which mediate GDNF responses through the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret. We found that Gas1 binds Ret in a ligand-independent manner and sequesters Ret in lipid rafts. Signaling downstream of Ret is thus modified through a mechanism that involves the adaptor protein Shc as well as ERK, eventually blocking Akt activation. Consequently, when Gas1 is induced, Ret-mediated GDNF-dependent survival effects are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ruben Cabrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Gomez-Villafuertes R, Torres B, Barrio J, Savignac M, Gabellini N, Rizzato F, Pintado B, Gutierrez-Adan A, Mellström B, Carafoli E, Naranjo JR. Downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator regulates Ca2+ homeostasis and viability in cerebellar neurons. J Neurosci 2006; 25:10822-30. [PMID: 16306395 PMCID: PMC6725879 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3912-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 are vital for the control of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we show that a doublet of downstream regulatory element sites in the promoter of the NCX3 gene mediates transcriptional repression of NCX3 by the Ca2+-modulated transcriptional repressor downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM). Overexpression of a DREAM EF-hand mutant insensitive to Ca2+ (EFmDREAM) in hippocampus and cerebellum of transgenic mice significantly reduced NCX3 mRNA and protein levels without modifying NCX1 and NCX2 expression. Cerebellar granules from EFmDREAM transgenic mice showed increased levels of cytosolic Ca2+ and were more vulnerable to increased Ca2+ influx after partial opening of voltage-gated plasma membrane Ca2+ channels induced by increasing K+ in the culture medium but survived better in the conditions of reduced Ca2+ influx prevailing in low extracellular K+. Overexpression of NCX3 in EFmDREAM transgenic granules using a lentiviral vector restored the normal survival response to high K+ observed in wild-type granules. Thus, the downregulation of the regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis NCX3 by Ca2+-regulated DREAM is a striking example of the autoregulatory property of the Ca2+ signal in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre of Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Savignac M, Pintado B, Gutierrez-Adan A, Palczewska M, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Transcriptional repressor DREAM regulates T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine gene expression. EMBO J 2005; 24:3555-64. [PMID: 16177826 PMCID: PMC1276700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator (DREAM) is a Ca2+-dependent transcriptional repressor expressed in the brain, thyroid gland and thymus. Here, we analyzed the function of DREAM and the related protein KChIP-2 in the immune system using transgenic (tg) mice expressing a cross-dominant active mutant (EFmDREAM) for DREAM and KChIPs Ca2+-dependent transcriptional derepression. EFmDREAM tg mice showed reduced T-cell proliferation. Tg T cells exhibited decreased interleukin (IL)-2, -4 and interferon (IFN)gamma production after polyclonal activation and following antigen-specific response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transfection assays showed that DREAM binds to and represses transcription from these cytokine promoters. Importantly, specific transient knockdown of DREAM or KChIP-2 induced basal expression of IL-2 and IFNgamma in wild-type splenocytes. These data propose DREAM and KChIP-2 as Ca2+-dependent repressors of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Savignac
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Pintado
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Malgorzata Palczewska
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 91 585 4682; Fax: +34 91 585 4506; E-mail:
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24
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Scsucova S, Palacios D, Savignac M, Mellström B, Naranjo JR, Aranda A. The repressor DREAM acts as a transcriptional activator on Vitamin D and retinoic acid response elements. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:2269-79. [PMID: 15849313 PMCID: PMC1084319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) is a transcriptional repressor, which binds DREs (downstream response elements) in a Ca2+-regulated manner. The DREs consist of core GTCA motifs, very similar to binding motifs for non-steroid nuclear receptors. In this work, we find that DREAM stimulates basal and ligand-dependent activation of promoters containing vitamin D and retinoic acid response elements (VDREs and RAREs), consisting of direct repeats of the sequence AGT/GTCA spaced by 3 or 5 nt, respectively. Stimulation occurs when the element is located upstream, but not downstream, the transcription initiation site. Activation requires both Ca2+ binding to the EF-hands and the leucine-charged domains (LCDs), analogous to those responsible for the interaction of the nuclear receptors with coregulators. Further more, DREAM can bind both 'in vitro' and in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to these elements. Importantly, 'in vivo' binding is only observed in vitamin D- or RA-treated cells. These results show that DREAM can function as an activator of transcription on certain promoters and demonstrate a novel role for DREAM acting as a potential modulator of genes containing binding sites for nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Scsucova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de MadridArturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de MadridArturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de MadridArturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de MadridArturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magali Savignac
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de MadridArturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de MadridArturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Naranjo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de MadridArturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34 91 5854453; Fax: +34 91 5854401;
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25
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Link WA, Ledo F, Torres B, Palczewska M, Madsen TM, Savignac M, Albar JP, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Day-night changes in downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator/potassium channel interacting protein activity contribute to circadian gene expression in pineal gland. J Neurosci 2004; 24:5346-55. [PMID: 15190107 PMCID: PMC6729300 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1460-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling the oscillatory synthesis of melatonin in rat pineal gland involve the rhythmic expression of several genes including arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT), inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), and Fos-related antigen-2 (fra-2). Here we show that the calcium sensors downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator/potassium channel interacting protein (DREAM/KChIP)-3 and KChIP-1, -2 and -4 bind to downstream regulatory element (DRE) sites located in the regulatory regions of these genes and repress basal and induced transcription from ICER, fra-2 or AA-NAT promoters. Importantly, we demonstrate that the endogenous binding activity to DRE sites shows day-night oscillations in rat pineal gland and retina but not in the cerebellum. The peak of DRE binding activity occurs during the day period of the circadian cycle, coinciding with the lowest levels of fra-2, ICER, and AA-NAT transcripts. We show that a rapid clearance of DRE binding activity during the entry in the night period is related to changes at the posttranscriptional level of DREAM/KChIP. The circadian pattern of DREAM/KChIP activity is maintained under constant darkness, indicating that an endogenous clock controls DREAM/KChIP function. Our data suggest involvement of the family of DREAM repressors in the regulation of rhythmically expressed genes engaged in circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang A Link
- Departamento Biologia Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Rivas M, Mellström B, Naranjo JR, Santisteban P. Transcriptional repressor DREAM interacts with thyroid transcription factor-1 and regulates thyroglobulin gene expression. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:33114-22. [PMID: 15181011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403526200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific gene expression depends on the interaction between tissue-specific and general transcription factors. DREAM is a Ca2+-dependent transcriptional repressor widely expressed in the brain where it participates in nociception through its control of prodynorphin gene expression. In the periphery, DREAM is highly expressed in the thyroid gland, the immune system, and the reproductive organs. Here, we show that DREAM interacts with thyroid-specific transcription factor TTF-1 and regulates the expression of the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene. The mechanism also involves binding of DREAM to the thyroglobulin promoter and blockage of TTF-1-mediated transactivation. The TSH/cAMP pathway and Ca2+ signaling regulate DREAM-mediated transcriptional repression of the thyroglobulin gene. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments in FRTL-5 cells confirmed that Tg is a bona fide target gene for DREAM transrepression in thyroid follicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rivas
- Dpto. Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC 28049 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Zamorano A, Mellström B, Vergara P, Naranjo JR, Segovia J. Glial-specific retrovirally mediated gas1 gene expression induces glioma cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 15:483-91. [PMID: 15056455 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Revised: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the targeted expression of growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) induces apoptosis in glioma cells. Because the vast majority of gliomas present genetic alterations that reduce their ability to undergo apoptosis, a gene therapy strategy aimed at reinstating apoptotic processes in glioma cells is an interesting approach for the treatment of these tumors. We used a retroviral gene transfer system to transduce C6 glioma cells with a transgene in which the expression of a full-length human gas1 cDNA is under the transcriptional control of a human promoter of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfa2). In vitro experiments showed that the retroviral transfer of gas1 significantly reduces the number of viable cells, and induces apoptosis in C6 cells, through the activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, retroviral-mediated transfer of gas1 to gliomas implanted in nude mice induces a significant inhibition of tumor growth, accompanied by increased caspase-3 activation. In the present experiments, we have taken advantage of the property of retrovirus to transfer transgenes exclusively to proliferating cells, together with the use of a glial specific promoter, to selectively target the expression of gas1, a pro-apoptotic gene, to glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absalom Zamorano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, 07300, D.F., Mexico
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28
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Abstract
The calcium-binding protein DREAM binds specifically to DRE sites in the DNA and represses transcription of target genes. Derepression at DRE sites following PKA activation depends on a specific interaction between alphaCREM and DREAM. Two leucine-charged residue-rich domains (LCD) located in the kinase-inducible domain (KID) and in the leucine zipper of alphaCREM and two LCDs in DREAM participate in a two-site interaction that results in the loss of DREAM binding to DRE sites and derepression. Since the LCD motif located within the KID in CREM is also present in CREB, and maps in a region critical for the recruitment of CBP, we investigated whether DREAM may affect CRE-dependent transcription. Here we show that in the absence of Ca2+ DREAM binds to the LCD in the KID of CREB. As a result, DREAM impairs recruitment of CBP by phospho CREB and blocks CBP-mediated transactivation at CRE sites in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Thus, Ca2+-dependent interactions between DREAM and CREB represent a novel point of cross-talk between cAMP and Ca2+ signalling pathways in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Ledo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain
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29
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Abstract
We have performed differential screening to identify genes participating in NMDA-induced neuronal death. The gas1 (growth arrest-specific gene 1) gene, whose product is known to inhibit cell cycle progression, was induced in cultured corticohippocampal neurons committed to die after a brief exposure to NMDA. Overexpression of Gas1 in cultured hippocampal neurons and in human neuroblastoma NB69 cells produced a marked reduction in the number of viable cells. Furthermore, gas1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide or antisense mRNA protected hippocampal neurons or NB69 cells from neuronal death. Importantly, Gas1-induced neuronal death was attenuated by coexpression of the human Bcl-2 protein or the baculoviral caspase inhibitor OpIAP2. While Gas1 does not directly interact with Bcl-2, OpIAP2 coimmunoprecipitates with Gas1. In addition, induction of gas1 also occurred in rat brain in two models of excitotoxicity: delayed neuronal death after intraperitoneal kainate injection and neuronal death in hippocampal slices after ischemia. These results indicate that Gas1 is induced by activation of glutamate receptors and is part of the gene expression program directing neuronal death after mild excitotoxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Mellström
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Abstract
Ca(2+) has a central role in coupling synaptic activity and transcriptional responses. Recent studies have focused on Ca(2+)-dependent nuclear mechanisms that bring to the nucleosomal level cascades of events initiated in the submembranous space at the synapse. In addition, a new Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between a calcium sensor and DNA has been shown to regulate transcription directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mellström
- Departmento Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB, CSIC Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Abstract
Control of gene expression by Ca2+ is a well known phenomenon acting through three major pathways: (i) changes in the transactivating properties of transcription factors after induction of Ca2+-dependent kinases and phosphatases (ii) Ca2+-dependent interaction between calmodulin and S-100 proteins with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that prevents binding to DNA and (iii) direct interaction between Ca2+-free DREAM and DNA that represses transcription. Because the first mechanism has been extensively reviewed, (Gallin, W. J., Greenberg, M. E. (1995). Calcium regulation of gene expression in neurons: the mode of entry matters. Curr Opin Neurobiol 5: 367-374; Santella, L., Carafoli, E. (1997). Calcium signaling in the cell nucleus. FASEB J, 11: 1091-1109) this commentary will focus on the other two with special emphasis on DREAM, the first EF-hand protein known to specifically bind DNA and regulate transcription in a Ca2+-dependent manner (Carrion, A. M.; Link, W. A., Ledo, F., Mellstrom, B., Naranjo, J. R. (1999). DREAM is a Ca2+-regulated transcriptional repressor, Nature. 398: 80-84).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mellström
- Dpto. Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C., Spain
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32
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Ledo F, Link WA, Carrión AM, Echeverria V, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. The DREAM-DRE interaction: key nucleotides and dominant negative mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1498:162-8. [PMID: 11108959 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(00)00092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional repressor DREAM, an EF-hand containing calcium-binding protein, blocks basal expression of target genes through specific interaction with DRE sites in the DNA. The sequence GTCA forms the central core of the DRE site, whereas flanking nucleotides contribute notably to the affinity for DREAM. Release of binding of DREAM from the DRE results in derepression, a process that is regulated by Ca(2+). Change of two amino acids within an EF-hand in DREAM blocks Ca(2+)-induced derepression and results in potent dominant negative mutants of endogenous DREAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ledo
- Departamento Biología Molecular y Celular, L115, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C., Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Ledo F, Carrión AM, Link WA, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. DREAM-alphaCREM interaction via leucine-charged domains derepresses downstream regulatory element-dependent transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:9120-6. [PMID: 11094064 PMCID: PMC102170 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.24.9120-9126.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2000] [Accepted: 09/25/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A-dependent derepression of the human prodynorphin gene is regulated by the differential occupancy of the Dyn downstream regulatory element (DRE) site. Here, we show that a direct protein-protein interaction between DREAM and the CREM repressor isoform, alphaCREM, prevents binding of DREAM to the DRE and suggests a mechanism for cyclic AMP-dependent derepression of the prodynorphin gene in human neuroblastoma cells. Phosphorylation in the kinase-inducible domain of alphaCREM is not required for the interaction, but phospho-alphaCREM shows higher affinity for DREAM. The interaction with alphaCREM is independent of the Ca(2+)-binding properties of DREAM and is governed by leucine-charged residue-rich domains located in both alphaCREM and DREAM. Thus, our results propose a new mechanism for DREAM-mediated derepression that can operate independently of changes in nuclear Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ledo
- Departamento Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Abstract
Using mRNA differential display, we found that the gene for NAD(+)-dependent glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH; EC 1.1.1.8) is induced in rat brain following seizure activity. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the differential display results; they also showed, in a separate model of neuronal activation, that after thermal noxious stimulation of the hind-paws, a similar increase in GPDH mRNA occurs in the areas of somatotopic projection in the lumbar spinal cord. Surprisingly, administration of analgesic doses of morphine or the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs aspirin, metamizol (dipyrone), and indomethacin also increased GPDH mRNA levels in rat spinal cord. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone completely blocked morphine induction of GPDH but had no effect on GPDH induction by noxious heat stimulation or metamizol treatment, implicating different mechanisms of GPDH induction. Nevertheless, in all cases, induction of the GPDH gene requires adrenal steroids and new protein synthesis, as the induction was blocked in adrenalectomized rats and by cycloheximide treatment, respectively. Our results suggest that the induction of the GPDH gene upon peripheral noxious stimulation is related to the endogenous response to pain as it is mimicked by exogenously applied analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Link
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Abstract
Fluxes in amounts of intracellular calcium ions are important determinants of gene expression. So far, Ca2+-regulated kinases and phosphatases have been implicated in changing the phosphorylation status of key transcription factors and thereby modulating their function. In addition, direct effectors of Ca2+-induced gene expression have been suggested to exist in the nucleus, although no such effectors have been identified yet. Expression of the human prodynorphin gene, which is involved in memory acquisition and pain, is regulated through its downstream regulatory element (DRE) sequence, which acts as a location-dependent gene silencer. Here we isolate a new transcriptional repressor, DRE-antagonist modulator (DREAM), which specifically binds to the DRE. DREAM contains four Ca2+-binding domains of the EF-hand type. Upon stimulation by Ca2+, DREAM's ability to bind to the DRE and its repressor function are prevented. Mutation of the EF-hands abolishes the response of DREAM to Ca2+. In addition to the prodynorphin promoter, DREAM represses transcription from the early response gene c-fos. Thus, DREAM represents the first known Ca2+-binding protein to function as a DNA-binding transcriptional regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Carrión
- Instituto de Neurobiología S. Ramón y Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Carrión AM, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Protein kinase A-dependent derepression of the human prodynorphin gene via differential binding to an intragenic silencer element. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:6921-9. [PMID: 9819380 PMCID: PMC109275 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.12.6921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of the prodynorphin gene has been implicated in medium and long-term adaptation during memory acquisition and pain. By 5' deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis of the human prodynorphin promoter, we demonstrate that both basal transcription and protein kinase A (PKA)-induced transcription in NB69 and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells are regulated by the GAGTCAAGG sequence centered at position +40 in the 5' untranslated region of the gene (named the DRE, for downstream regulatory element). The DRE repressed basal transcription in an orientation-independent and cell-specific manner when placed downstream from the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter. Southwestern blotting and UV cross-linking experiments with nuclear extracts from human neuroblastoma cells or human brain revealed a protein complex of approximately 110 kDa that specifically bound to the DRE. Forskolin treatment reduced binding to the DRE, and the time course paralleled that for an increase in prodynorphin gene expression. Our results suggest that under basal conditions, expression of the prodynorphin gene is repressed by occupancy of the DRE site. Upon PKA stimulation, binding to the DRE is reduced and transcription increases. We propose a model for human prodynorphin activation through PKA-dependent derepression at the DRE site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Carrión
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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37
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Taylor J, Mellström B, Fernaud I, Naranjo JR. Metamizol potentiates morphine effects on visceral pain and evoked c-Fos immunoreactivity in spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 351:39-47. [PMID: 9698203 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a model of visceral pain consisting of intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (writhing test), simultaneous administration of subanalgesic doses of metamizol (150 mg/kg) and morphine (0.2 mg/kg) resulted in a potent analgesia (19 +/- 1 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.8 writhes; P < 0.05). While the analgesic effect of morphine (2 mg/kg) was antagonized by naloxone (1 mg/kg), the opioid antagonist did not reverse the analgesia induced by the combination of metamizol and morphine. Potentiation by metamizol was also observed as a bilateral decrease in stimulus-evoked c-Fos induction in superficial laminas (I-II) of the dorsal spinal cord after drug combination compared to single administration (66.5 +/- 2.2 vs. 80.7 +/- 4.2; P < 0.05). Conversely, the number of nuclei immunostained with an antibody that recognizes all proteins of the Fos family was not modified by the same dose combination compared to single treatment (21.1 +/- 1.3 vs. 20.2 +/- 1.2). Furthermore, in a model of somatic pain consisting of peripheral thermal stimulation of the paws, simultaneous administration of metamizol (100-250 mg/kg) and morphine (0.5 mg/kg) failed to modify flexor reflex latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Taylor
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Abstract
Induction of the prodynorphin gene occurs in a tissue-specific manner following different physiological stimuli. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we studied the relative activity of the five major regulatory sites in the rat prodynorphin promoter. Prodynorphin cyclic AMP-responsive element 2 (DynCRE2), DynCRE3, and the noncanonical prodynorphin AP-1 (ncDynAP-1) regulatory sites control, in a coordinated manner, prodynorphin induction in the spinal cord after noxious stimulation, whereas prodynorphin up-regulation in supraoptic neurons is regulated predominantly by the ncDynAP-1. Conversely, prodynorphin transactivation in the ovaries upon gonadotropin stimulation is controlled by DynCRE1 and DynCRE3. Our results support the idea that stimulus-specific changes in nuclear proteins establish a functional hierarchy among regulatory sites in the prodynorphin promoter and provide further insight in the molecular mechanisms that govern prodynorphin gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Carrión
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Naranjo JR, Mellström B, Carrión AM, Lucas JJ, Foulkes NS, Sassone-Corsi P. Peripheral noxious stimulation induces CREM expression in dorsal horn: involvement of glutamate. Eur J Neurosci 1997; 9:2778-83. [PMID: 9517483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral noxious stimulation is known to trigger signalling cascades in neurons of the spinal cord. The response to pain and stress at the level of gene expression involves transcriptional activation of several cyclic AMP responsive genes. Here, we show induction of the CREM (cyclic-AMP responsive element modulator) gene in distinct subpopulations of spinal cord neurons upon thermal noxious stimulation. The addition of forskolin or glutamate to cultured spinal cord neurons results in the induction of the CREM isoform, ICER (Inducible cyclic-AMP Early Repressor), a powerful repressor of cAMP-induced transcription. Overexpression of ICER in cultured spinal cord neurons results in the repression of the c-fos and c-jun promoters induced by forskolin and glutamate. On this basis, we postulate that early activation of ICER in spinal cord participates in the attenuation of early gene induction following noxious stimulation.
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40
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Castellano A, Chiara MD, Mellström B, Molina A, Monje F, Naranjo JR, López-Barneo J. Identification and functional characterization of a K+ channel alpha-subunit with regulatory properties specific to brain. J Neurosci 1997; 17:4652-61. [PMID: 9169526 PMCID: PMC6573349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological diversity of K+ channels mainly depends on the expression of several genes encoding different alpha-subunits. We have cloned a new K+ channel alpha-subunit (Kv2.3r) that is unable to form functional channels on its own but that has a major regulatory function. Kv2.3r can coassemble selectively with other alpha-subunits to form functional heteromultimeric K+ channels with kinetic properties that differ from those of the parent channels. Kv2.3r is expressed exclusively in the brain, being concentrated particularly in neocortical neurons. The functional expression of this regulatory alpha-subunit represents a novel mechanism without precedents in voltage-gated channels, which might contribute to further increase the functional diversity of K+ channels necessary to specify the intrinsic electrical properties of individual neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castellano
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009, Sevilla, Spain
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41
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Nieto-Sampedro M, Bailón C, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Martín-Lomas M, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Experimental brain glioma: growth arrest and destruction by a blood-group-related tetrasaccharide. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1996; 55:169-77. [PMID: 8786375 DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199602000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic tetrasaccharide (TS4), structurally related to blood groups, inhibited the proliferation of the C6 glioma cells in culture and the growth of tumors formed after intracerebral transplantation of C6 cells. TS4-treated tumors were substantially smaller than controls, as expected from TS4 cytostatic action on C6 glioma cells in culture. However, in vivo treatment also caused extensive tumor destruction. This effect appeared to be caused by indirectly, either by activation of natural killer cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes, or by inhibition of tumor vascularization. Enhanced antigenicity of TS4-treated glioma may be related to the increased expression of connexin 43 observed in glioma cell cultures treated with the oligosaccharide. Because concentrations of up to 20 mg/ml of TS4 were not toxic for normal neuronal or glial cells, specific oligosaccharides such as TS4 offer the possibility of selective tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nieto-Sampedro
- Department of Neural Plasticity, Insituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
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42
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Abstract
1. To characterize from a molecular and functional point of view the endogenous NMDA receptors expressed by phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells, experiments involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, Western blotting and patch-clamp analysis of undifferentiated and nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells were performed. 2. Analysis of PC12 mRNA demonstrated the presence of NMDAR1 and NMDAR2C transcripts. The NMDAR1 subunits lack the amino terminal insert of twenty-one amino acid residues, where as transcripts with and without deletions I and II at the 3' end of the coding region were detected. Thus, NMDA receptors of the PC12 cells might include NMDAR1A, NMDAR1E, NMDAR1C and NMDAR1D subunits. 3. Differentiation by NGF treatment of PC12 cells did not alter mRNA expression for NMDA receptor subunits significantly but induced an increase in both the NMDAR1 protein and the total amount of functional receptors that correlated well with a parallel increase in membrane area. 4. NMDA receptors in differentiated PC12 cells had a high affinity for both glutamate and glycine. These were estimated kinetically as 0.59 microM and 74 nM, respectively. Responses to glutamate or NMDA were non-desensitizing in the presence of saturating glycine, but slowly desensitized with low concentrations of glycine. Currents were completely blocked by D-aminophosphonovalerate (APV), 7-Cl-kynurenate and phencyclidine, and showed a voltage-dependent magnesium blockade. Spermine did not potentiate but inhibited NMDA receptor-mediated responses in a voltage-independent manner. 5. With 0.5 mM Ca2+, single-channel analysis revealed very brief openings (mean open time (t(o)) = 0.42 ms), with at least two conductive states, 55 and 33 pS, both having markedly low open probability. At 2 mM Ca2+, conductances were reduced to 39 and 19 pS, without an effect in open probability or mean open time. 6. The functional properties of NMDA receptors in PC12 cells were very similar to those described for NMDAR1A-NMDAR2C heteromers recombinantly expressed. The PC12 cell line provides a simple and reproducible system to analyse some specific NMDA receptor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casado
- Department of Neural Plasticity, Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Maroto R, López MG, del Valle M, Naranjo JR, Mellström B, García AG. Expression of the bovine striatal D2 receptor, but not the D1 receptor, in bovine adrenal medulla. Mol Pharmacol 1995; 47:40-50. [PMID: 7838132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
At 37 degrees, the specific binding of [3H]SCH23390 to purified adrenal medullary plasma membranes accounted for only 20% of total binding. At 4 degrees, the binding did not saturate; therefore, equilibrium binding constants could not be estimated. Similar results were obtained with 125I-SCH23982, a ligand that exhibits 25-fold higher specific activity, compared with [3H]SCH23390. Of 11 dopamine receptor ligands used, only (+)-SCH23390 and (+/-)-SKF83566 inhibited the binding of [3H]SCH23390, but with very low affinities (IC50 values of 446 and 635 nM, respectively). In striatal membranes, binding of [3H]SCH23390 and of 125I-SCH23982 followed saturation isotherms. [3H]SCH23390 exhibited a Kd of 383 pM and a Bmax of 479 fmol/mg of protein, and 125I-SCH23982 exhibited a Kd of 664 pM and a Bmax of 453 fmol/mg of protein. The radioligand was displaced by the D1-selective compounds (+)-SCH23390 (IC50 of 3 nM), (+/-)-SKF83556 (IC50 of 5 nM), and (+)-SKF38393 (IC50 of 17 nM); spiperone and quinpirole were ineffective. [3H]Spiperone binding to bovine striatal and adrenal medullary plasma membranes exhibited similar characteristics, compatible with a typical D2 receptor. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of D1 receptor mRNA in poly(A)+ RNA preparations from bovine brain striatum. When Northern blots containing poly(A)+ from bovine adrenal medulla were probed, no specific hybridization band for D1 receptors was observed; in contrast, a band of the expected size for D2 receptors was obtained. Similar results were obtained with in situ hybridization techniques and with more sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods. The data support the idea that the peripheral D2 receptor present in bovine adrenal medulla is similar to striatal D2 receptors; in contrast, striatal D1 receptors do not seem to have a counterpart in bovine adrenal medullary tissues.
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Adrenal Medulla/chemistry
- Adrenal Medulla/ultrastructure
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Benzazepines/metabolism
- Catecholamines/metabolism
- Cattle
- Caudate Nucleus/physiology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Corpus Striatum/chemistry
- Corpus Striatum/ultrastructure
- Gene Expression
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Kinetics
- Microsomes/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/physiology
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spiperone/metabolism
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maroto
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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44
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Abstract
NGFI-A is an immediate early gene that is rapidly activated in quiescent cells by mitogens or in postmitotic neurons after depolarization. We have previously shown that the expression of NGFI-A in the developing rat brain is under the control of thyroid hormone. Now we report, by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry, the differential effect of thyroid hormone on NGFI-A expression in distinct brain regions depending on the developmental stage. NGFI-A messenger RNA (mRNA) content was analyzed in the piriform cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of control, hypothyroid, and T3-injected hypothyroid rats at birth and on postnatal days 5 and 15. In the newborn rats, experimental hypothyroidism is associated with reduced levels of NGFI-A mRNA in most of the brain regions studied. On postnatal day 15, the difference in NGFI-A expression between control and hypothyroid rats is less apparent in the striatum or no longer present in the piriform cortex and the hippocampus. In the cerebral cortex, hypothyroidism is associated with reduced levels of NGFI-A mRNA on postnatal day 15. The dentate gyrus is always insensitive to the thyroidal state. Administration of T3 accelerates the recovery of NGFI-A mRNA in 5- and 15-day-old rats. However, in newborn rats, the effect of the hormone is noticeable only in the piriform cortex. We also show that the reduced level of NGFI-A mRNA in hypothyroidism is accompanied by a reduction in the protein level. Convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole administration resulted in an increased expression of the NGFI-A gene, which is of similar magnitude in control and hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mellström
- Instituto Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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45
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Lerma J, Paternain AV, Naranjo JR, Mellström B. Functional kainate-selective glutamate receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:11688-92. [PMID: 7505445 PMCID: PMC48049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate mediates fast synaptic transmission at the majority of excitatory synapses throughout the central nervous system by interacting with different types of receptor channels. Cloning of glutamate receptors has provided evidence for the existence of several structurally related subunit families, each composed of several members. It has been proposed that KA1 and KA2 and GluR-5, GluR-6, and GluR-7 families represent subunit classes of high-affinity kainate receptors and that in vivo different kainate receptor subtypes might be constructed from these subunits in heteromeric assembly. However, despite some indications from autoradiographic studies and binding data in brain membranes, no functional pure kainate receptors have so far been detected in brain cells. We have found that early after culturing, a high percentage of rat hippocampal neurons express functional, kainate-selective glutamate receptors. These kainate receptors show pronounced desensitization with fast onset and very slow recovery and are also activated by quisqualate and domoate, but not by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate. Our results provide evidence for the existence of functional glutamate receptors of the kainate type in nerve cells, which are likely to be native homomeric GluR-6 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lerma
- Departamento de Plasticidad Neural, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we demonstrate VIP gene expression in cells of both thymus and spleen in the rat by in situ hybridization. In thymus sections, hybridization signal for VIP mRNA was found in cells in corticomedullary and medulla regions. In the spleen, cells were labeled at the outer area on the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath of the white pulp. Hybridization signal appeared to be in lymphoid cells. These findings suggest that lymphoid cells might produce VIP, which, if released, could exert a paracrine action on central and peripheral lymphoid organs. We suggest that VIP participates in the bidirectional communication between the nervous and the immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Gomariz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Lafarga M, Martinez-Guijarro FJ, Berciano MT, Blasco-Ibañez JM, Andres MA, Mellström B, Lopez-Garcia C, Naranjo JR. Nuclear Fos domains in transcriptionally activated supraoptic nucleus neurons. Neuroscience 1993; 57:353-64. [PMID: 8115044 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90068-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study has analysed by light and electron microscopy immunolocalization the nuclear pattern of distribution of Fos-related proteins in supraotic neurons. Two experimental models of transcriptional activation have been used: sustained, global transcriptional activation, at relatively near physiological conditions, by six days of chronic intermittent salt loading; and superinduction of c-fos gene by this salt loading regime plus cycloheximide treatment for 4 h. In the first condition, the ultrastructural analysis showed a distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity on the reticular network of dispersed chromatin that extends between the nucleolar surface and the nuclear envelope, whereas the Fos-negative adjacent interchromatin spaces appeared rich in interchromatin granules by using a cytochemical staining for ribonucleoproteins. The nucleolus associated heterochromatin, fibrillar centers of the nucleolus and coiled bodies were free of immunoreactivity. This immunoelectron pattern seems to indicate that active genes containing activator protein-1 and cyclic AMP response element recognition sites are extensively distributed in euchromatin regions and suggests that the Fos-positive nuclear domains correspond to the actively transcribing chromatin regions, at least in supraoptic neurons. It also suggests that these Fos-positive transcription domains are complementary to adjacent ribonucleoprotein-rich interchromatin spaces which are involved in the processing and splicing of pre-messenger RNA. Moreover, the absence of immunoreactivity on the fibrillar centers, the sites of pre-ribosomal RNA synthesis, suggests that the Fos protein complexes are not involved in regulating the expression of ribosomal RNA genes. Following superinduction of c-fos gene by osmotic stimulation plus cycloheximide treatment, a conspicuous Fos-like immunoreactivity was detected in dispersed chromatin regions, whereas the heterochromatin masses, nucleoli and coiled bodies showed no immunoreaction. Moreover, this treatment induced the formation of nuclear "dense bodies" of a fibrillar nature which were free of immunolabelling. Since Fos proteins are known to be short-lived, the expression of these nuclear constituents, under conditions of protein synthesis inhibition induced by the cycloheximide, suggests the stabilization of chromatin-bound Fos complexes or, alternatively, a preferential synthesis of Fos proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Delmas V, van der Hoorn F, Mellström B, Jégou B, Sassone-Corsi P. Induction of CREM activator proteins in spermatids: down-stream targets and implications for haploid germ cell differentiation. Mol Endocrinol 1993; 7:1502-14. [PMID: 8114765 DOI: 10.1210/mend.7.11.8114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) gene encodes a family of transcriptional regulators that bind to promoter sequences activated by increased intracellular cAMP levels. Both activators and repressors are generated by alternative splicing and alternative translational initiation. During the development of male germ cells, there is a switch in the transcripts generated by CREM. Specifically, from the prophase of meiosis, there is an increase in the CREM tau activator transcript. Here we present results showing that expression of the CREM activator protein is restricted to postmeiotic germ cells. We show that CREM tau is efficiently phosphorylated at a serine residue at position 117 by the protein kinase-A endogenous to germ cells, indicating that it constitutes a natural target of the adenylyl cyclase pathway during spermatogenesis. Phosphorylation of serine-117 turns CREM tau into a powerful activator. The rise in CREM tau protein coincides with the transcriptional activation of several genes. We show that CREM tau efficiently binds to CREs present in the promoters of these genes, suggesting that they could constitute down-stream targets of CREM. We have analyzed in more detail the regulation of one of these genes, the male germ cell-specific RT7. The RT7 promoter is cAMP inducible and activated by CREM tau in transfection assays. The RT7 promoter is efficiently transcribed in vitro with nuclear extracts from seminiferous tubules. CREM-specific antibodies block RT7 in vitro transcription, implicating a role for CREM tau in a cascade of transcriptional events during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Delmas
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, U-184 de l'INSERM, Faculté de Medecine, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Strasbourg, France
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Aguado F, Rodrigo J, Cacicedo L, Mellström B. Distribution of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor mRNA in rat brain. Regulation in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. J Mol Endocrinol 1993; 11:231-9. [PMID: 8297478 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and regulation of mRNA for the IGF-I receptor (IGF-I-R) in the adult rat brain were studied by in-situ hybridization with a 35S-labelled cRNA probe. The pituitary gland showed a strong hybridization signal in the pars tuberalis (the surface of the median eminence), pars distalis and pars intermedia. Within the brain, a strong hybridization signal was found in the circumventricular organs, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellum and hypothalamus. IGF-I-R mRNA was consistently found in cell bodies of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Six days of intermittent salt-loading resulted in an increase in IGF-I-R gene expression in the supraoptic nucleus. The increase in IGF-I-R mRNA was accompanied by a high expression of c-Fos immunoreactivity in the same cells. The presence and regulation of IGF-I-R mRNA in the hypothalamus suggest that IGF-I may affect the local plasticity or modulation of activated magnocellular neurones by an autocrine or paracrine action through specific receptors in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aguado
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Lucas JJ, Mellström B, Colado MI, Naranjo JR. Molecular mechanisms of pain: serotonin1A receptor agonists trigger transactivation by c-fos of the prodynorphin gene in spinal cord neurons. Neuron 1993; 10:599-611. [PMID: 8476611 DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90163-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
By using spinal cord neurons cultured in chemically defined medium, a double labeling procedure, and blockage with antisense oligonucleotides, we show that induction of c-fos and the subsequent transactivation of the prodynorphin gene are coupled events, triggered by serotonin1A receptor agonists. Addition of the specific 1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) to the culture, at concentrations similar to that needed for transactivation of the prodynorphin gene, also significantly increases cAMP levels. Furthermore, in rats depleted of serotonin by intrathecal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, the induction of prodynorphin after noxious stimulation is dramatically decreased compared with the induction in sham-operated rats. These results suggest that the expression of the prodynorphin gene in spinal cord is under the control of the raphe-spinal efferents containing serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lucas
- Instituto Cajal de Neurociencia, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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