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Abel C, Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Chanel E, Chen J, Chen W, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris P, Kirch K, Kletzl V, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Mullan P, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Segarra EP, Severijns N, Shelton T, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne J, Virot R, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Ziehl N, Zsigmond G. A large 'Active Magnetic Shield' for a high-precision experiment: nEDM collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:1061. [PMID: 38021215 PMCID: PMC10661781 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel Active Magnetic Shield (AMS), designed and implemented for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The experiment will perform a high-sensitivity search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron. Magnetic-field stability and control is of key importance for n2EDM. A large, cubic, 5 m side length, magnetically shielded room (MSR) provides a passive, quasi-static shielding-factor of about 10 5 for its inner sensitive volume. The AMS consists of a system of eight complex, feedback-controlled compensation coils constructed on an irregular grid spanned on a volume of less than 1000 m3 around the MSR. The AMS is designed to provide a stable and uniform magnetic-field environment around the MSR, while being reasonably compact. The system can compensate static and variable magnetic fields up to ± 50 μ T (homogeneous components) and ± 5 μ T/m (first-order gradients), suppressing them to a few μ T in the sub-Hertz frequency range. The presented design concept and implementation of the AMS fulfills the requirements of the n2EDM experiment and can be useful for other applications, where magnetically silent environments are important and spatial constraints inhibit simpler geometrical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Abel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - N. J. Ayres
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - E. Chanel
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Chen
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - W. Chen
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. -J. Chiu
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Present Address: University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Hochschule Luzern, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V. Kletzl
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. A. Koss
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P. Mullan
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Roccia
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W. Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. P. Segarra
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - N. Severijns
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - K. Svirina
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Thorne
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Virot
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - N. Ziehl
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Clement B, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fratangelo A, Fertl M, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rauscher G, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Staab M, Svirina K, Dinani RT, Thorne J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Publisher's Note: "The very large n2EDM magnetically shielded room with an exceptional performance for fundamental physics measurements" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 095105 (2022)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:119902. [PMID: 36461461 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N J Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Ban
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Bouillaud
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Clement
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Doorenbos
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - G Rauscher
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Gruner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - D Rebreyend
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Staab
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Gruner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - K Svirina
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Clement B, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fratangelo A, Fertl M, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rauscher G, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Staab M, Svirina K, Dinani RT, Thorne J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The very large n2EDM magnetically shielded room with an exceptional performance for fundamental physics measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:095105. [PMID: 36182526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the magnetically shielded room (MSR) for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute, which features an interior cubic volume with each side of length 2.92 m, thus providing an accessible space of 25 m3. The MSR has 87 openings of diameter up to 220 mm for operating the experimental apparatus inside and an intermediate space between the layers for housing sensitive signal processing electronics. The characterization measurements show a remanent magnetic field in the central 1 m3 below 100 pT and a field below 600 pT in the entire inner volume, up to 4 cm to the walls. The quasi-static shielding factor at 0.01 Hz measured with a sinusoidal 2 μT peak-to-peak signal is about 100 000 in all three spatial directions and increases rapidly with frequency to reach 108 above 1 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Bouillaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Clement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Doorenbos
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - G Rauscher
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Grüner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - D Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Staab
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Grüner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - K Svirina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Crawford CB. The physical meaning of the magnetic scalar potential and its use in the design of hermetic electromagnetic coils. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:124703. [PMID: 34972424 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic scalar potential U(r⃗) has an intuitive physical interpretation, representing the electric current I = ΔU, which must be directed between any pair of isocontours along the boundary of a region, differing in potential by ΔU, in order to generate the corresponding magnetic intensity H⃗=-∇⃗U inside the region with no tangential component outside the boundary. This physical significance is exploited to invert the design process of hermetic (fringeless) electromagnetic coils from standard iterative techniques (calculating the magnetic field of refined current distributions) to a procedure for calculating the exact surface currents required to generate a given field configuration. A practical construction algorithm is given to produce the prescribed field in a "Target" region (constrained only by Maxwell's equations) while confining the fringe field to a specified hermetic "Return" region. Example coils are analyzed along with a discussion of the limits of precision of the constructed field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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5
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bienstman L, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Chanel E, Chen J, Chiu PJ, Clément B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Dechenaux B, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Flaux P, Goupillière D, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Meier M, Menu J, Mullins DA, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Ross KU, Rozpedzik D, Saenz W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Stapf T, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Touati S, Thorne J, Virot R, Voigt J, Wursten E, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The design of the n2EDM experiment: nEDM Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:512. [PMID: 34720721 PMCID: PMC8550164 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of a next-generation experiment, n2EDM, currently under construction at the ultracold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) with the aim of carrying out a high-precision search for an electric dipole moment of the neutron. The project builds on experience gained with the previous apparatus operated at PSI until 2017, and is expected to deliver an order of magnitude better sensitivity with provision for further substantial improvements. An overview is of the experimental method and setup is given, the sensitivity requirements for the apparatus are derived, and its technical design is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - L. Bienstman
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - E. Chanel
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Chen
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Clément
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Dechenaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Flaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Goupillière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. A. Koss
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y. Lemière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A. Leredde
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Meier
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Menu
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. A. Mullins
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Quéméner
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Rebreyend
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Roccia
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - K. U. Ross
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W. Saenz
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Severijns
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B. Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Stapf
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Svirina
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Touati
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Thorne
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Virot
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Wursten
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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6
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Flaux P, Grujić Z, Harris PG, Hild N, Hommet J, Kasprzak M, Kermaïdic Y, Kirch K, Komposch S, Kozela A, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemiere Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Mtchedlishvili A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Virot R, Weis A, Wursten E, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Data blinding for the nEDM experiment at PSI. Eur Phys J A Hadron Nucl 2021; 57:152. [PMID: 34776778 PMCID: PMC8550649 DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychological bias towards, or away from, prior measurements or theory predictions is an intrinsic threat to any data analysis. While various methods can be used to try to avoid such a bias, e.g. actively avoiding looking at the result, only data blinding is a traceable and trustworthy method that can circumvent the bias and convince a public audience that there is not even an accidental psychological bias. Data blinding is nowadays a standard practice in particle physics, but it is particularly difficult for experiments searching for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM), as several cross measurements, in particular of the magnetic field, create a self-consistent network into which it is hard to inject a false signal. We present an algorithm that modifies the data without influencing the experiment. Results of an automated analysis of the data are used to change the recorded spin state of a few neutrons within each measurement cycle. The flexible algorithm may be applied twice (or more) to the data, thus providing the option of sequentially applying various blinding offsets for separate analysis steps with independent teams. The subtle manner in which the data are modified allows one subsequently to adjust the algorithm and to produce a re-blinded data set without revealing the initial blinding offset. The method was designed for the 2015/2016 measurement campaign of the nEDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. However, it can be re-used with minor modification for the follow-up experiment n2EDM, and may be suitable for comparable projects elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton UK
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Chanel
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - P. Flaux
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - Z. Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institute of Physics Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton UK
| | - N. Hild
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Hommet
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - M. Kasprzak
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y. Kermaïdic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Komposch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. Kozela
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - Y. Lemiere
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - A. Leredde
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Mohanmurthy
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D. Rebreyend
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Roccia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Virot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A. Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E. Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Zejma
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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7
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Gericke MT, Baeßler S, Barrón-Palos L, Birge N, Bowman JD, Calarco J, Cianciolo V, Coppola CE, Crawford CB, Fomin N, Garishvili I, Greene GL, Hale GM, Hamblen J, Hayes C, Iverson E, Kabir ML, McCrea M, Plemons E, Ramírez-Morales A, Mueller PE, Novikov I, Penttila S, Scott EM, Watts J, Wickersham C. First Precision Measurement of the Parity Violating Asymmetry in Cold Neutron Capture on ^{3}He. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:131803. [PMID: 33034491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.131803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the direction of proton momentum with respect to the neutron spin, in the reaction ^{3}He(n,p)^{3}H, using the capture of polarized cold neutrons in an unpolarized active ^{3}He target. The asymmetry is a result of the weak interaction between nucleons, which remains one of the least well-understood aspects of electroweak theory. The measurement provides an important benchmark for modern effective field theory and potential model calculations. Measurements like this are necessary to determine the spin-isospin structure of the hadronic weak interaction. Our asymmetry result is A_{PV}=[1.55±0.97(stat)±0.24(sys)]×10^{-8}, which has the smallest uncertainty of any hadronic parity-violating asymmetry measurement so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - S Baeßler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - L Barrón-Palos
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico
| | - N Birge
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J D Bowman
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - J Calarco
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - V Cianciolo
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C E Coppola
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C B Crawford
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40526, USA
| | - N Fomin
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - I Garishvili
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - G L Greene
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - G M Hale
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Hamblen
- University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, USA
| | - C Hayes
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - E Iverson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - M L Kabir
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40526, USA
| | - M McCrea
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - E Plemons
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | | | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - I Novikov
- Western Kentucky University, Lexington, Kentucky 40526, USA
| | - S Penttila
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - E M Scott
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J Watts
- University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, USA
| | - C Wickersham
- University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, USA
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8
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Abel C, Afach S, Ayres NJ, Baker CA, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Burghoff M, Chanel E, Chowdhuri Z, Chiu PJ, Clement B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Flaux P, Franke B, Fratangelo A, Geltenbort P, Green K, Griffith WC, van der Grinten M, Grujić ZD, Harris PG, Hayen L, Heil W, Henneck R, Hélaine V, Hild N, Hodge Z, Horras M, Iaydjiev P, Ivanov SN, Kasprzak M, Kermaidic Y, Kirch K, Knecht A, Knowles P, Koch HC, Koss PA, Komposch S, Kozela A, Kraft A, Krempel J, Kuźniak M, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Mtchedlishvili A, Musgrave M, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pierre E, Pignol G, Plonka-Spehr C, Prashanth PN, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rogel G, Rozpedzik D, Schnabel A, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Severijns N, Shiers D, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne JA, Virot R, Voigt J, Weis A, Wursten E, Wyszynski G, Zejma J, Zenner J, Zsigmond G. Measurement of the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:081803. [PMID: 32167372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the result of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute using Ramsey's method of separated oscillating magnetic fields with ultracold neutrons. Our measurement stands in the long history of EDM experiments probing physics violating time-reversal invariance. The salient features of this experiment were the use of a ^{199}Hg comagnetometer and an array of optically pumped cesium vapor magnetometers to cancel and correct for magnetic-field changes. The statistical analysis was performed on blinded datasets by two separate groups, while the estimation of systematic effects profited from an unprecedented knowledge of the magnetic field. The measured value of the neutron EDM is d_{n}=(0.0±1.1_{stat}±0.2_{sys})×10^{-26} e.cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Afach
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N J Ayres
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C A Baker
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - G Ban
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Burghoff
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z Chowdhuri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Clement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C B Crawford
- University of Kentucky, 40506 Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Ferraris-Bouchez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - M Fertl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Flaux
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - B Franke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Geltenbort
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Green
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M van der Grinten
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - L Hayen
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Heil
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Henneck
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Hélaine
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - N Hild
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Hodge
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Horras
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Iaydjiev
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S N Ivanov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Kasprzak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Kermaidic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - K Kirch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Knecht
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Knowles
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H-C Koch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P A Koss
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Komposch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Kozela
- Henryk Niedwodniczanski Institute for Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Kraft
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kuźniak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y Lemière
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A Leredde
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Mohanmurthy
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Musgrave
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Pierre
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C Plonka-Spehr
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P N Prashanth
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Quéméner
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CSNSM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - G Rogel
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Shiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Thorne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Virot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Wyszynski
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zenner
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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9
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Blyth D, Fry J, Fomin N, Alarcon R, Alonzi L, Askanazi E, Baeßler S, Balascuta S, Barrón-Palos L, Barzilov A, Bowman JD, Birge N, Calarco JR, Chupp TE, Cianciolo V, Coppola CE, Crawford CB, Craycraft K, Evans D, Fieseler C, Frlež E, Garishvili I, Gericke MTW, Gillis RC, Grammer KB, Greene GL, Hall J, Hamblen J, Hayes C, Iverson EB, Kabir ML, Kucuker S, Lauss B, Mahurin R, McCrea M, Maldonado-Velázquez M, Masuda Y, Mei J, Milburn R, Mueller PE, Musgrave M, Nann H, Novikov I, Parsons D, Penttilä SI, Počanić D, Ramirez-Morales A, Root M, Salas-Bacci A, Santra S, Schröder S, Scott E, Seo PN, Sharapov EI, Simmons F, Snow WM, Sprow A, Stewart J, Tang E, Tang Z, Tong X, Turkoglu DJ, Whitehead R, Wilburn WS. First Observation of P-odd γ Asymmetry in Polarized Neutron Capture on Hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:242002. [PMID: 30608729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.242002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry A_{γ}^{np} in neutron-proton capture using polarized cold neutrons incident on a liquid parahydrogen target at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A_{γ}^{np} isolates the ΔI=1, ^{3}S_{1}→^{3}P_{1} component of the weak nucleon-nucleon interaction, which is dominated by pion exchange and can be directly related to a single coupling constant in either the DDH meson exchange model or pionless effective field theory. We measured A_{γ}^{np}=[-3.0±1.4(stat)±0.2(syst)]×10^{-8}, which implies a DDH weak πNN coupling of h_{π}^{1}=[2.6±1.2(stat)±0.2(syst)]×10^{-7} and a pionless EFT constant of C^{^{3}S_{1}→^{3}P_{1}}/C_{0}=[-7.4±3.5(stat)±0.5(syst)]×10^{-11} MeV^{-1}. We describe the experiment, data analysis, systematic uncertainties, and implications of the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blyth
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Fry
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - N Fomin
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Alarcon
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - L Alonzi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Askanazi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Baeßler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Balascuta
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - L Barrón-Palos
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Mexico
| | - A Barzilov
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - J D Bowman
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N Birge
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J R Calarco
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - T E Chupp
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - V Cianciolo
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C E Coppola
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C B Crawford
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - K Craycraft
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - D Evans
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Fieseler
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - E Frlež
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - I Garishvili
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M T W Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - R C Gillis
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K B Grammer
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G L Greene
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Hall
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Hamblen
- University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403 USA
| | - C Hayes
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - E B Iverson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M L Kabir
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, USA
| | - S Kucuker
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R Mahurin
- Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - M McCrea
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - M Maldonado-Velázquez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Mexico
| | - Y Masuda
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tukuba-shi, 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Mei
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Milburn
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Musgrave
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Nann
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - I Novikov
- Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, USA
| | - D Parsons
- University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403 USA
| | - S I Penttilä
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Počanić
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Ramirez-Morales
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Mexico
| | - M Root
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Salas-Bacci
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Santra
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Schröder
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Saarland University, Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology, Kirrberger Str. 100, Bldg. 22, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - E Scott
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - P-N Seo
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Lab, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - F Simmons
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Sprow
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - J Stewart
- University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403 USA
| | - E Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Tong
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D J Turkoglu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - R Whitehead
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - W S Wilburn
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Abstract
Analysis of the 1992 Presidential debates showed significant differences between candidates across all debates. There was also a difference in the incidence of humor among the three debates. It was noted that the effects of a third party candidate and alternative debate formats need further research.
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Geis E, Kohl M, Ziskin V, Akdogan T, Arenhövel H, Alarcon R, Bertozzi W, Booth E, Botto T, Calarco J, Clasie B, Crawford CB, DeGrush A, Donnelly TW, Dow K, Farkhondeh M, Fatemi R, Filoti O, Franklin W, Gao H, Gilad S, Hasell D, Karpius P, Kolster H, Lee T, Maschinot A, Matthews J, McIlhany K, Meitanis N, Milner RG, Rapaport J, Redwine RP, Seely J, Shinozaki A, Sirca S, Sindile A, Six E, Smith T, Steadman M, Tonguc B, Tschalaer C, Tsentalovich E, Turchinetz W, Xiao Y, Xu W, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Zwart T. Charge form factor of the neutron at low momentum transfer from the 2H-->(e-->,e'n)1H reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:042501. [PMID: 18764321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report new measurements of the neutron charge form factor at low momentum transfer using quasielastic electrodisintegration of the deuteron. Longitudinally polarized electrons at an energy of 850 MeV were scattered from an isotopically pure, highly polarized deuterium gas target. The scattered electrons and coincident neutrons were measured by the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) detector. The neutron form factor ratio GEn/GMn was extracted from the beam-target vector asymmetry AedV at four-momentum transfers Q2=0.14, 0.20, 0.29, and 0.42 (GeV/c)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geis
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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14
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Crawford CB, Sindile A, Akdogan T, Alarcon R, Bertozzi W, Booth E, Botto T, Calarco J, Clasie B, Degrush A, Donnelly TW, Dow K, Dutta D, Farkhondeh M, Fatemi R, Filoti O, Franklin W, Gao H, Geis E, Gilad S, Haeberli W, Hasell D, Hersman W, Holtrop M, Karpius P, Kohl M, Kolster H, Lee T, Maschinot A, Matthews J, McIlhany K, Meitanis N, Milner RG, Redwine RP, Seely J, Shinozaki A, Sirca S, Six E, Smith T, Tonguc B, Tschalaer C, Tsentalovich E, Turchinetz W, van den Brand JFJ, van der Laan J, Wang F, Wise T, Xiao Y, Xu W, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Ziskin V, Zwart T. -Measurement of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor ratio from 1H(over -->)(e(over -->),e'p). Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:052301. [PMID: 17358849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the first precision measurement of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio from spin-dependent elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from a polarized hydrogen internal gas target. The measurement was performed at the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring over a range of four-momentum transfer squared Q2 from 0.15 to 0.65 (GeV/c)(2). Significantly improved results on the proton electric and magnetic form factors are obtained in combination with existing cross-section data on elastic electron-proton scattering in the same Q2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Crawford
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Bates Linear Accelerator Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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15
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Abstract
Touch and touch avoidance are important facets of interpersonal relations. Touch avoidance has been related to sex, but the relationship between touch and sex roles has not been widely substantiated. 259 undergraduate students participated in a procedure designed to test the relationship between sex, sex roles, and same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Significant differences were reported between men and women on same-sex touch avoidance but not on opposite-sex touch avoidance. Participants high on androgyny reported less same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance than did subjects low on androgyny. No interactive effect between sex and androgyny was found for either same-sex or opposite-sex touch avoidance. Regression procedures indicated predictive models for sex and androgyny in relation to same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Specific conclusions regarding the relationships among sex, androgyny, and touch avoidance were stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Crawford
- Department of Communication, Fort Hays State University, KS 67601-4099
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16
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Abstract
Touch is an important aspect of nonverbal behavior. Important aspects of the relationship of gender and sex roles with same-sex touch were highlighted. 259 subjects participated in the procedure, yielding a significant difference between men and women on same-sex touch. Further, androgyny was significantly correlated with ratings on the Same-sex Touching Scale. Specific conclusions regarding these findings were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Crawford
- Department of Communication, Fort Hays State University, KS 67601
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Wright SL, Crawford CB, Anderson JL. Allocation of reproductive effort in Mus domesticus: responses of offspring sex ratio and quality to social density and food availability. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00303709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Several researchers have recently attempted to apply factor analytic procedures to genetic data. These attempts, however, have been unsystematic. The application of component analysis to phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlation matrices is discussed in this paper. Formulas for computing phenotypic, genetic and environmental component scores are given. The interpretation of factors is discussed and a worked example is included.
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