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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bienstman L, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Chanel E, Chen J, Chiu PJ, Clément B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Dechenaux B, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Flaux P, Goupillière D, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Meier M, Menu J, Mullins DA, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Ross KU, Rozpedzik D, Saenz W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Stapf T, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Touati S, Thorne J, Virot R, Voigt J, Wursten E, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The design of the n2EDM experiment: nEDM Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:512. [PMID: 34720721 PMCID: PMC8550164 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of a next-generation experiment, n2EDM, currently under construction at the ultracold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) with the aim of carrying out a high-precision search for an electric dipole moment of the neutron. The project builds on experience gained with the previous apparatus operated at PSI until 2017, and is expected to deliver an order of magnitude better sensitivity with provision for further substantial improvements. An overview is of the experimental method and setup is given, the sensitivity requirements for the apparatus are derived, and its technical design is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - L. Bienstman
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - E. Chanel
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Chen
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Clément
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Dechenaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Flaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Goupillière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. A. Koss
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y. Lemière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A. Leredde
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Meier
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Menu
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. A. Mullins
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Quéméner
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Rebreyend
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Roccia
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - K. U. Ross
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W. Saenz
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Severijns
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B. Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Stapf
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Svirina
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Touati
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Thorne
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Virot
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Wursten
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Abel C, Afach S, Ayres NJ, Baker CA, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Burghoff M, Chanel E, Chowdhuri Z, Chiu PJ, Clement B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Flaux P, Franke B, Fratangelo A, Geltenbort P, Green K, Griffith WC, van der Grinten M, Grujić ZD, Harris PG, Hayen L, Heil W, Henneck R, Hélaine V, Hild N, Hodge Z, Horras M, Iaydjiev P, Ivanov SN, Kasprzak M, Kermaidic Y, Kirch K, Knecht A, Knowles P, Koch HC, Koss PA, Komposch S, Kozela A, Kraft A, Krempel J, Kuźniak M, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Mtchedlishvili A, Musgrave M, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pierre E, Pignol G, Plonka-Spehr C, Prashanth PN, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rogel G, Rozpedzik D, Schnabel A, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Severijns N, Shiers D, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne JA, Virot R, Voigt J, Weis A, Wursten E, Wyszynski G, Zejma J, Zenner J, Zsigmond G. Measurement of the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:081803. [PMID: 32167372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the result of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute using Ramsey's method of separated oscillating magnetic fields with ultracold neutrons. Our measurement stands in the long history of EDM experiments probing physics violating time-reversal invariance. The salient features of this experiment were the use of a ^{199}Hg comagnetometer and an array of optically pumped cesium vapor magnetometers to cancel and correct for magnetic-field changes. The statistical analysis was performed on blinded datasets by two separate groups, while the estimation of systematic effects profited from an unprecedented knowledge of the magnetic field. The measured value of the neutron EDM is d_{n}=(0.0±1.1_{stat}±0.2_{sys})×10^{-26} e.cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Afach
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N J Ayres
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C A Baker
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - G Ban
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Burghoff
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z Chowdhuri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Clement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C B Crawford
- University of Kentucky, 40506 Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Ferraris-Bouchez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - M Fertl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Flaux
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - B Franke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Geltenbort
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Green
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M van der Grinten
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - L Hayen
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Heil
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Henneck
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Hélaine
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - N Hild
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Hodge
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Horras
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Iaydjiev
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S N Ivanov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Kasprzak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Kermaidic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - K Kirch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Knecht
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Knowles
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H-C Koch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P A Koss
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Komposch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Kozela
- Henryk Niedwodniczanski Institute for Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Kraft
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kuźniak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y Lemière
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A Leredde
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Mohanmurthy
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Musgrave
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Pierre
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C Plonka-Spehr
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P N Prashanth
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Quéméner
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CSNSM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - G Rogel
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Shiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Thorne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Virot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Wyszynski
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zenner
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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3
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Frisch A, Mark M, Aikawa K, Baier S, Grimm R, Petrov A, Kotochigova S, Quéméner G, Lepers M, Dulieu O, Ferlaino F. Ultracold Dipolar Molecules Composed of Strongly Magnetic Atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:203201. [PMID: 26613437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a combined experimental and theoretical effort, we demonstrate a novel type of dipolar system made of ultracold bosonic dipolar molecules with large magnetic dipole moments. Our dipolar molecules are formed in weakly bound Feshbach molecular states from a sample of strongly magnetic bosonic erbium atoms. We show that the ultracold magnetic molecules can carry very large dipole moments and we demonstrate how to create and characterize them, and how to change their orientation. Finally, we confirm that the relaxation rates of molecules in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry can be reduced by using the anisotropy of the dipole-dipole interaction and that this reduction follows a universal dipolar behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frisch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Aikawa
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Baier
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Petrov
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Kotochigova
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - G Quéméner
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Lepers
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - O Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Afach S, Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Chowdhuri Z, Daum M, Fertl M, Franke B, Griffith WC, Grujić ZD, Harris PG, Heil W, Hélaine V, Kasprzak M, Kermaidic Y, Kirch K, Knowles P, Koch HC, Komposch S, Kozela A, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Mtchedlishvili A, Musgrave M, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pendlebury JM, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Plonka-Spehr C, Prashanth PN, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Severijns N, Thorne JA, Weis A, Wursten E, Wyszynski G, Zejma J, Zenner J, Zsigmond G. Observation of Gravitationally Induced Vertical Striation of Polarized Ultracold Neutrons by Spin-Echo Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:162502. [PMID: 26550870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.162502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a spin-echo method for ultracold neutrons (UCNs) confined in a precession chamber and exposed to a |B0|=1 μT magnetic field. We have demonstrated that the analysis of UCN spin-echo resonance signals in combination with knowledge of the ambient magnetic field provides an excellent method by which to reconstruct the energy spectrum of a confined ensemble of neutrons. The method takes advantage of the relative dephasing of spins arising from a gravitationally induced striation of stored UCNs of different energies, and also permits an improved determination of the vertical magnetic-field gradient with an exceptional accuracy of 1.1 pT/cm. This novel combination of a well-known nuclear resonance method and gravitationally induced vertical striation is unique in the realm of nuclear and particle physics and should prove to be invaluable for the assessment of systematic effects in precision experiments such as searches for an electric dipole moment of the neutron or the measurement of the neutron lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Afach
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - N J Ayres
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - G Ban
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Z Chowdhuri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Franke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - W Heil
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Hélaine
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - M Kasprzak
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Kermaidic
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - K Kirch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Knowles
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H-C Koch
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Komposch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Kozela
- Henryk Niedwodniczanski Institute for Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Y Lemière
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | | | - M Musgrave
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - J M Pendlebury
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - F M Piegsa
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - C Plonka-Spehr
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P N Prashanth
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Quéméner
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - M Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Rebreyend
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - D Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Roccia
- CSNSM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Thorne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Wyszynski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zenner
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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5
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Afach S, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Chowdhuri Z, Grujić ZD, Hayen L, Hélaine V, Kasprzak M, Kirch K, Knowles P, Koch HC, Komposch S, Kozela A, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Mtchedlishvili A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Piegsa FM, Prashanth PN, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Severjins N, Weis A, Wursten E, Wyszynski G, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Highly stable atomic vector magnetometer based on free spin precession. Opt Express 2015; 23:22108-22115. [PMID: 26368184 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.022108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a magnetometer based on optically pumped Cs atoms that measures the magnitude and direction of a 1 μT magnetic field. Multiple circularly polarized laser beams were used to probe the free spin precession of the Cs atoms. The design was optimized for long-time stability and achieves a scalar resolution better than 300 fT for integration times ranging from 80 ms to 1000 s. The best scalar resolution of less than 80 fT was reached with integration times of 1.6 to 6 s. We were able to measure the magnetic field direction with a resolution better than 10 μrad for integration times from 10 s up to 2000 s.
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6
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Fabian X, Ban G, Boussaïd R, Breitenfeldt M, Couratin C, Delahaye P, Durand D, Finlay P, Fléchard X, Guillon B, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Liénard E, Méry A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pierre E, Porobic T, Quéméner G, Rodríguez D, Severijns N, Thomas J, Van Gorp S. Precise measurement of the angular correlation parameter aβνin the βdecay of 35Ar with LPCTrap. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146608002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Boeglin WU, Coman L, Ambrozewicz P, Aniol K, Arrington J, Batigne G, Bosted P, Camsonne A, Chang G, Chen JP, Choi S, Deur A, Epstein M, Finn JM, Frullani S, Furget C, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilman R, Hansen O, Hayes D, Higinbotham DW, Hinton W, Hyde C, Ibrahim H, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Kaufman LJ, Klein A, Kox S, Kramer L, Kumbartzki G, Laget JM, LeRose J, Lindgren R, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, McCormick K, Meziani Z, Michaels R, Milbrath B, Mitchell J, Monaghan P, Moteabbed M, Moussiegt P, Nasseripour R, Paschke K, Perdrisat C, Piasetzky E, Punjabi V, Qattan IA, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Raue B, Réal JS, Reinhold J, Reitz B, Roché R, Roedelbronn M, Saha A, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Sulkosky V, Ulmer PE, Voutier E, Weinstein LB, Wojtsekhowski B, Zeier M. Probing the high momentum component of the deuteron at high Q2. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:262501. [PMID: 22243152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.262501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The (2)H(e,e'p)n cross section at a momentum transfer of 3.5 (GeV/c)(2) was measured over a kinematical range that made it possible to study this reaction for a set of fixed missing momenta as a function of the neutron recoil angle θ(nq) and to extract missing momentum distributions for fixed values of θ(nq) up to 0.55 GeV/c. In the region of 35°≤θ(nq)≤45° recent calculations, which predict that final-state interactions are small, agree reasonably well with the experimental data. Therefore, these experimental reduced cross sections provide direct access to the high momentum component of the deuteron momentum distribution in exclusive deuteron electrodisintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W U Boeglin
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
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8
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Santos SFD, Balakrishnan N, Lepp S, Quéméner G, Forrey RC, Hinde RJ, Stancil PC. Quantum dynamics of rovibrational transitions in H2-H2 collisions: Internal energy and rotational angular momentum conservation effects. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:214303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3595134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- N Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
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10
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Ni KK, Ospelkaus S, Wang D, Quéméner G, Neyenhuis B, de Miranda MHG, Bohn JL, Ye J, Jin DS. Dipolar collisions of polar molecules in the quantum regime. Nature 2010; 464:1324-8. [PMID: 20428166 DOI: 10.1038/nature08953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ultracold polar molecules offer the possibility of exploring quantum gases with interparticle interactions that are strong, long-range and spatially anisotropic. This is in stark contrast to the much studied dilute gases of ultracold atoms, which have isotropic and extremely short-range (or 'contact') interactions. Furthermore, the large electric dipole moment of polar molecules can be tuned using an external electric field; this has a range of applications such as the control of ultracold chemical reactions, the design of a platform for quantum information processing and the realization of novel quantum many-body systems. Despite intense experimental efforts aimed at observing the influence of dipoles on ultracold molecules, only recently have sufficiently high densities been achieved. Here we report the experimental observation of dipolar collisions in an ultracold molecular gas prepared close to quantum degeneracy. For modest values of an applied electric field, we observe a pronounced increase in the loss rate of fermionic potassium-rubidium molecules due to ultracold chemical reactions. We find that the loss rate has a steep power-law dependence on the induced electric dipole moment, and we show that this dependence can be understood in a relatively simple model based on quantum threshold laws for the scattering of fermionic polar molecules. In addition, we directly observe the spatial anisotropy of the dipolar interaction through measurements of the thermodynamics of the dipolar gas. These results demonstrate how the long-range dipolar interaction can be used for electric-field control of chemical reaction rates in an ultracold gas of polar molecules. Furthermore, the large loss rates in an applied electric field suggest that creating a long-lived ensemble of ultracold polar molecules may require confinement in a two-dimensional trap geometry to suppress the influence of the attractive, 'head-to-tail', dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-K Ni
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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11
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Ospelkaus S, Ni KK, Wang D, de Miranda MHG, Neyenhuis B, Quéméner G, Julienne PS, Bohn JL, Jin DS, Ye J. Quantum-state controlled chemical reactions of ultracold potassium-rubidium molecules. Science 2010; 327:853-7. [PMID: 20150499 DOI: 10.1126/science.1184121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
How does a chemical reaction proceed at ultralow temperatures? Can simple quantum mechanical rules such as quantum statistics, single partial-wave scattering, and quantum threshold laws provide a clear understanding of the molecular reactivity under a vanishing collision energy? Starting with an optically trapped near-quantum-degenerate gas of polar 40K87Rb molecules prepared in their absolute ground state, we report experimental evidence for exothermic atom-exchange chemical reactions. When these fermionic molecules were prepared in a single quantum state at a temperature of a few hundred nanokelvin, we observed p-wave-dominated quantum threshold collisions arising from tunneling through an angular momentum barrier followed by a short-range chemical reaction with a probability near unity. When these molecules were prepared in two different internal states or when molecules and atoms were brought together, the reaction rates were enhanced by a factor of 10 to 100 as a result of s-wave scattering, which does not have a centrifugal barrier. The measured rates agree with predicted universal loss rates related to the two-body van der Waals length.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ospelkaus
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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12
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Ospelkaus S, Ni KK, Quéméner G, Neyenhuis B, Wang D, de Miranda MHG, Bohn JL, Ye J, Jin DS. Controlling the hyperfine state of rovibronic ground-state polar molecules. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:030402. [PMID: 20366634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation of a rovibronic ground-state molecular quantum gas in a single hyperfine state and, in particular, the absolute lowest quantum state. This addresses the last internal degree of freedom remaining after the recent production of a near quantum degenerate gas of molecules in their rovibronic ground state, and provides a crucial step towards full control over molecular quantum gases. We demonstrate a scheme that is general for bialkali polar molecules and allows the preparation of molecules in a single hyperfine state or in an arbitrary coherent superposition of hyperfine states. The scheme relies on electric-dipole, two-photon microwave transitions through rotationally excited states and makes use of electric nuclear quadrupole interactions to transfer molecular population between different hyperfine states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ospelkaus
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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13
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Altarev I, Baker CA, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Daum M, Fierlinger P, Geltenbort P, Green K, van der Grinten MGD, Gutsmiedl E, Harris PG, Heil W, Henneck R, Horras M, Iaydjiev P, Ivanov SN, Khomutov N, Kirch K, Kistryn S, Knecht A, Knowles P, Kozela A, Kuchler F, Kuźniak M, Lauer T, Lauss B, Lefort T, Mtchedlishvili A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pazgalev A, Pendlebury JM, Petzoldt G, Pierre E, Pignol G, Quéméner G, Rebetez M, Rebreyend D, Roccia S, Rogel G, Severijns N, Shiers D, Sobolev Y, Weis A, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Test of Lorentz invariance with spin precession of ultracold neutrons. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:081602. [PMID: 19792714 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.081602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A clock comparison experiment, analyzing the ratio of spin precession frequencies of stored ultracold neutrons and 199Hg atoms, is reported. No daily variation of this ratio could be found, from which is set an upper limit on the Lorentz invariance violating cosmic anisotropy field b perpendicular < 2 x 10(-20) eV (95% C.L.). This is the first limit for the free neutron. This result is also interpreted as a direct limit on the gravitational dipole moment of the neutron |gn| < 0.3 eV/c2 m from a spin-dependent interaction with the Sun. Analyzing the gravitational interaction with the Earth, based on previous data, yields a more stringent limit |gn| < 3 x 10(-4) eV/c2 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Altarev
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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14
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Ban G, Bodek K, Daum M, Henneck R, Heule S, Kasprzak M, Khomutov N, Kirch K, Kistryn S, Knecht A, Knowles P, Kuźniak M, Lefort T, Mtchedlishvili A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Plonka C, Quéméner G, Rebetez M, Rebreyend D, Roccia S, Rogel G, Tur M, Weis A, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Direct experimental limit on neutron-mirror-neutron oscillations. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:161603. [PMID: 17995237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.161603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In case a mirror world with a copy of our ordinary particle spectrum would exist, the neutron n and its degenerate partner, the mirror neutron n', could potentially mix and undergo nn' oscillations. The interaction of an ordinary magnetic field with the ordinary neutron would lift the degeneracy between the mirror partners, diminish the n' amplitude in the n wave function and, thus, suppress its observability. We report an experimental comparison of ultracold neutron storage in a trap with and without superimposed magnetic field. No influence of the magnetic field is found and, assuming negligible mirror magnetic fields, a limit on the oscillation time taunn' > 103 s (95% C.L.) is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ban
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France
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15
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Allen AH, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Neveling R, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, Van de Wiele J, van Oers WTH, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Transverse beam spin asymmetries in forward-angle elastic electron-proton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:092301. [PMID: 17930999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q2=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)2. The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. A(n) provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2gamma exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Hawthorne Allen A, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, MacLachlan GA, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Nakos M, Neveling R, Niccolai S, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, van de Wiele J, van Oers W, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Strange-quark contributions to parity-violating asymmetries in the forward g0 electron-proton scattering experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:092001. [PMID: 16197209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12 < or =Q2 < or =1.0 GeV2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange-quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at Jefferson Laboratory using a toroidal spectrometer to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate nonzero, Q2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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17
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Rvachev MM, Benmokhtar F, Penel-Nottaris E, Aniol KA, Bertozzi W, Boeglin WU, Butaru F, Calarco JR, Chai Z, Chang CC, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Cochran A, Cornejo J, Dieterich S, Djawotho P, Duran W, Epstein MB, Finn JM, Fissum KG, Frahi-Amroun A, Frullani S, Furget C, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Hansen JO, Higinbotham DW, Hotta A, Hu B, Iodice M, Iomni R, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Kelly JJ, Kox S, Kuss M, Laget JM, De Leo R, Lerose JJ, Liatard E, Lindgren R, Liyanage N, Lourie RW, Malov S, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Merchez F, Michaels R, Mitchell J, Mougey J, Perdrisat CF, Punjabi VA, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Réal JS, Roché R, Sabatié F, Saha A, Simon D, Strauch S, Suleiman R, Tamae T, Templon JA, Tieulent R, Ueno H, Ulmer PE, Urciuoli GM, Voutier E, Wijesooriya K, Wojtsekhowski B. Quasielastic 3He(e,e'p)2H reaction at Q2 = 1.5 GeV2 for recoil momenta up to 1 GeV/c. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:192302. [PMID: 16090165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.192302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the quasielastic 3He(e,e(')p)2H reaction in perpendicular coplanar kinematics, with the energy and the momentum transferred by the electron fixed at 840 MeV and 1502 MeV/c, respectively. The 3He(e,e(')p)2H cross section was measured for missing momenta up to 1000 MeV/c, while the A(TL) asymmetry was extracted for missing momenta up to 660 MeV/c. For missing momenta up to 150 MeV/c, the cross section is described by variational calculations using modern 3He wave functions. For missing momenta from 150 to 750 MeV/c, strong final-state interaction effects are observed. Near 1000 MeV/c, the experimental cross section is more than an order of magnitude larger than predicted by available theories. The A(TL) asymmetry displays characteristic features of broken factorization with a structure that is similar to that generated by available models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rvachev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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18
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Benmokhtar F, Rvachev MM, Penel-Nottaris E, Aniol KA, Bertozzi W, Boeglin WU, Butaru F, Calarco JR, Chai Z, Chang CC, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Cochran A, Cornejo J, Dieterich S, Djawotho P, Duran W, Epstein MB, Finn JM, Fissum KG, Frahi-Amroun A, Frullani S, Furget C, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Hansen JO, Higinbotham DW, Hotta A, Hu B, Iodice M, Iomni R, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Kelly JJ, Kox S, Kuss M, Laget JM, De Leo R, Lerose JJ, Liatard E, Lindgren R, Liyanage N, Lourie RW, Malov S, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Merchez F, Michaels R, Mitchell J, Mougey J, Perdrisat CF, Punjabi VA, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Réal JS, Roché R, Sabatié F, Saha A, Simon D, Strauch S, Suleiman R, Tamae T, Templon JA, Tieulent R, Ueno H, Ulmer PE, Urciuoli GM, Voutier E, Wijesooriya K, Wojtsekhowski B. Measurement of the 3He(e,e'p)pn reaction at high missing energies and momenta. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:082305. [PMID: 15783882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.082305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Results of the Jefferson Lab Hall A quasielastic 3He(e,e'p)pn measurements are presented. These measurements were performed at fixed transferred momentum and energy, q=1502 MeV/c and omega=840 MeV, respectively, for missing momenta p(m) up to 1 GeV/c and missing energies in the continuum region, up to pion threshold; this kinematic coverage is much more extensive than that of any previous experiment. The cross section data are presented along with the effective momentum density distribution and compared to theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Benmokhtar
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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19
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Ito TM, Averett T, Barkhuff D, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Blake A, Breuer H, Carr R, Clasie B, Covrig S, Danagoulian A, Dodson G, Dow K, Dutta D, Farkhondeh M, Filippone BW, Franklin W, Furget C, Gao H, Gao J, Gustafsson K, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Hawthorne-Allen AM, Herda MC, Jones CE, King P, Korsch W, Kowalski S, Kox S, Kramer K, Lee P, Liu J, Martin JW, McKeown RD, Mueller B, Pitt ML, Plaster B, Quéméner G, Réal JS, Ritter J, Roche J, Savu V, Schiavilla R, Seely J, Spayde D, Suleiman R, Taylor S, Tieulent R, Tipton B, Tsentalovich E, Wells SP, Yang B, Yuan J, Yun J, Zwart T. Parity-violating electron deuteron scattering and the proton's neutral weak axial vector form factor. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:102003. [PMID: 15089200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering from the deuteron at backward angles at Q2=0.038 (GeV/c)2. This quantity provides a determination of the neutral weak axial vector form factor of the nucleon, which can potentially receive large electroweak corrections. The measured asymmetry A=-3.51+/-0.57 (stat)+/-0.58 (syst) ppm is consistent with theoretical predictions. We also report on updated results of the previous experiment at Q2=0.091 (GeV/c)2, which are also consistent with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ito
- W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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20
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Gayou O, Aniol KA, Averett T, Benmokhtar F, Bertozzi W, Bimbot L, Brash EJ, Calarco JR, Cavata C, Chai Z, Chang CC, Chang T, Chen JP, Chudakov E, De Leo R, Dieterich S, Endres R, Epstein MB, Escoffier S, Fissum KG, Fonvieille H, Frullani S, Gao J, Garibaldi F, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Glashausser C, Gomez J, Gorbenko V, Hansen JO, Higinbotham DW, Huber GM, Iodice M, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Kelly JJ, Khandaker M, Kozlov A, Kramer KM, Kumbartzki G, LeRose JJ, Lhuillier D, Lindgren RA, Liyanage N, Lolos GJ, Margaziotis DJ, Marie F, Markowitz P, McCormick K, Michaels R, Milbrath BD, Nanda SK, Neyret D, Papandreou Z, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piskunov NM, Punjabi V, Pussieux T, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Raue BA, Roché R, Rvachev M, Saha A, Salgado C, Sirca S, Sitnik I, Strauch S, Todor L, Tomasi-Gustafsson E, Urciuoli GM, Voskanyan H, Wijesooriya K, Wojtsekhowski BB, Zheng X, Zhu L. Measurement of G(E(p))/G(M(p)) in e(-->)p---> e(-->)p to Q(2) = 5.6 GeV(2). Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:092301. [PMID: 11863996 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton G(E(p))/G(M(p)), which is an image of its charge and magnetization distributions, was measured at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) using the recoil polarization technique. The ratio of the form factors is directly proportional to the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal components of the polarization of the recoil proton in the elastic e(-->)p---> e(-->)p reaction. The new data presented span the range 3.5< Q(2)< 5.6 GeV(2) and are well described by a linear Q(2) fit. Also, the ratio sqrt[Q(2)] F(2(p))/F(1(p)) reaches a constant value above Q(2) = 2 GeV(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gayou
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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21
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Liyanage N, Anderson BD, Aniol KA, Auerbach L, Baker FT, Berthot J, Bertozzi W, Bertin PY, Bimbot L, Boeglin WU, Brash EJ, Breton V, Breuer H, Burtin E, Calarco JR, Cardman L, Cates GD, Cavata C, Chang CC, Chen JP, Cisbani E, Dale DS, De Leo R, Deur A, Diederich B, Djawotho P, Domingo J, Doyle B, Ducret JE, Epstein MB, Ewell LA, Finn JM, Fissum KG, Fonvieille H, Frois B, Frullani S, Gao J, Garibaldi F, Gasparian A, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Glashausser C, Gomez J, Gorbenko V, Gorringe T, Hersman FW, Holmes R, Holtrop M, d'Hose N, Howell C, Huber GM, Hyde-Wright CE, Iodice M, de Jager CW, Jaminion S, Jones MK, Joo K, Jutier C, Kahl W, Kato S, Kelly JJ, Kerhoas S, Khandaker M, Khayat M, Kino K, Korsch W, Kramer L, Kumar KS, Kumbartzki G, Laveissière G, Leone A, LeRose JJ, Levchuk L, Liang M, Lindgren RA, Lolos GJ, Lourie RW, Madey R, Maeda K, Malov S, Manley DM, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Martino J, McCarthy JS, McCormick K, McIntyre J, van der Meer RL, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Mougey J, Nanda S, Neyret D, Offermann EA, Papandreou Z, Perdrisat CF, Perrino R, Petratos GG, Platchkov S, Pomatsalyuk R, Prout DL, Punjabi VA, Pussieux T, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Ravel O, Roblin Y, Roche R, Rowntree D, Rutledge GA, Rutt PM, Saha A, Saito T, Sarty AJ, Serdarevic-Offermann A, Smith TP, Soldi A, Sorokin P, Souder P, Suleiman R, Templon JA, Terasawa T, Todor L, Tsubota H, Ueno H, Ulmer PE, Urciuoli GM, Vernin P, van Verst S, Vlahovic B, Voskanyan H, Watson JW, Weinstein LB, Wijesooriya K, Wilson R, Wojtsekhowski B, Zainea DG, Zeps V, Zhao J, Zhou ZL. Dynamics of the 16O(e, e'p) reaction at high missing energies. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:5670-5674. [PMID: 11415329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We measured the cross section and response functions for the quasielastic 16O(e,e'p) reaction for missing energies 25< or =E(m)< or =120 MeV at missing momenta P(m)< or =340 MeV/c. For 25<E(m)<50 MeV and P(m) approximately 60 MeV/c, the reaction is dominated by a single 1s(1/2) proton knockout. At larger P(m), the single-particle aspects are increasingly masked by more complicated processes. Calculations which include pion exchange currents, isobar currents, and short-range correlations account for the shape and the transversity, but for only half of the magnitude of the measured cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liyanage
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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