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Sexton C, Toll T, McConkey B, Harmon G. A Cable Condition Monitoring Strategy for Safe and Reliable Plant Operation. NUCL TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2022.2072651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Sexton
- Analysis and Measurement Services Corporation, Cable Services Group, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - T. Toll
- Analysis and Measurement Services Corporation, Cable Services Group, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - B. McConkey
- Analysis and Measurement Services Corporation, Cable Services Group, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - G. Harmon
- Analysis and Measurement Services Corporation, Cable Services Group, Knoxville, Tennessee
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2
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McGowan K, Phillips T, Gielis E, Dover T, Mitchell G, Mutch A, Sexton C, Sowa PM, Ivanovski S. Developing a prototype for integrated dental and diabetes care: understanding needs and priorities. Aust Dent J 2020; 66:41-48. [PMID: 33159320 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal treatment may be a useful adjunct to medical management of diabetes; however, oral health has not been integrated into multidisciplinary diabetes care in Australia. This study aimed to understand the needs of patients and staff at a diabetes clinic to inform a prototype of integrated dental and diabetes care. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from patients and staff at West Moreton Diabetes Clinic (WMDC) between September-October 2019. Clinical information, survey responses and dental screening results were analysed for 41 patients. Semi-structured interviews were held with six patients and a focus group with seven staff. RESULTS Most patients (83%) had not seen a dentist in the previous year. Of the 37 patients with remaining natural teeth, 84% required periodontal assessment and 46% had multiple carious lesions. Unmet treatment needs and rates of access were similar for private and public dental patients. Staff and patients reported high levels of support for incorporation of dental care at WMDC. CONCLUSIONS Integrating oral health into diabetes management is well-supported by patients and staff to address significant unmet dental needs for both public and private dental patients. Incorporating dental screening/services within diabetes clinics may increase uptake and improve awareness of its importance in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McGowan
- Oral Health Service, West Moreton Health, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Phillips
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Gielis
- Oral Health Service, West Moreton Health, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Dover
- Department of Medicine, Ipswich Hospital, West Moreton Health, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Mutch
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Sexton
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - P M Sowa
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Weerakoon A, Meyers I, Roy S, Cooper C, Cox T, Condon N, Sexton C, Thomson D, Ford P, Symons A. Dentin changes associated with patient age and cavity site. Dent Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Selim DG, Sexton C, Monsour P. Dentomaxillofacial radiology in Australia and dentist satisfaction with radiology reports. Aust Dent J 2018; 63:402-413. [PMID: 29963705 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (DMFR) is comprised of the smallest cohort of specialists in Australia. A survey was undertaken to assess awareness of DMFR, radiology reporting and referring protocols as well as dental practitioners' satisfaction with their radiology reporting arrangements. METHODS An original online survey created using Checkbox† was sent to dental practitioners. The survey was promoted on Australian-based dental Facebook forums and emailed to targeted members via Australian professional dental associations. RESULTS A total of 399 responses were received, with over 80% of respondents aware of DMFR as a specialty. Approximately 40% of practitioners were self-reporting their imaging. There was correlation between increased satisfaction with external reporting and utilization of DMFR services and decreased satisfaction with medical radiology services. More than 90% of general dentists and greater than 85% of dental specialists prefer DMFR reports to medical radiology reports. Approximately 80% of practitioners believed that their satisfaction would change positively if they had access to a DMFR report. CONCLUSION The research indicates a high degree of self-reporting or non-reporting by dental practitioners. There is low satisfaction with external reporting performed by Medical Radiologists primarily due to a lack of dental knowledge or detail and a preference for DMF Radiology reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Selim
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Sexton
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Monsour
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Topiwala A, Allan C, Valkanova V, Zsoldos E, Filippini N, Sexton C, Mahmood A, Fooks P, Singh-Manoux A, Mackay C, Kivimiki M, Ebmeier K. S22-3MODERATE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION MAY BE A RISK FACTOR FOR ADVERSE BRAIN OUTCOMES AND COGNITIVE DECLINE. Alcohol Alcohol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx075.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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6
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Kyle SD, Sexton C, Feige B, Rutter M, Spiegelhalder K. 0323 SLEEP AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE: CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS FROM THE UK BIOBANK (N=477,966). Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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7
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Sexton C. A descriptive case study of grieving beliefs in a hospital setting: implications for advance care planning and end of life. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000250.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Hirte HW, McGuire WP, Edwards RP, Husain A, Hoskins P, Michels JE, Matulonis U, Sexton C, Fox JA, Michelson G. Final results of a phase II study of voreloxin in women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Hirte HW, McGuire W, Edwards R, Husain A, Hoskins P, Michels J, Matulonis U, Sexton C, Michelson G. A phase II trial of voreloxin in women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5559 Background: Voreloxin is a naphthyridine analog that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, inducing apoptosis. Clinical activity has been observed in ovarian cancer and AML. Results are reported from a fully enrolled phase II study of 3 dose levels of single agent voreloxin in patients (pts) with 1° or 2° platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian cancer. Methods: Pts may have received ≤ 3 prior platinum regimens plus one additional non-platinum regimen. PS of 0–1 was required. Voreloxin regimens: Cohort A 48 mg/m2q3weeks (wk) (N = 65), Cohort B 60 mg/m2q4wk (N = 35), and Cohort C 75 mg/m2q4wk (N = 35) by short IV infusion. BRCA status is reported by pt consent. Results: Cohort A: 2CRs, 5PRs; ORR 11%; median PFS 82 days (52–98 days 95%CI); Cohort B: 1CR, 3PRs; ORR 11%, median PFS too early to evaluate (TETE); Cohort C - TETE. Cohort A: Febrile neutropenia (FN) incidence was low (8%). Other common G3 or G4 AEs reported (≥ 5%) were fatigue (14%) and nausea (5%). Dose delays or reductions (40%) occurred typically at Cycle 1, largely due to neutropenia. Cohort B: Dose was increased to 60 mg/m2 and dosing interval was lengthened to 4 wk, maintaining dose intensity (DI) and allowing adequate time for marrow recovery. ANC dosing criterion was changed from ANC ≥ 1,500 to ≥ 1,000. There was a marked decrease in dose delays and reductions (14%) with only 3% incidence of FN. Common G3 or 4 AEs reported (≥ 5%) were fatigue (11%) and nausea (5%). The safety profile supported further dose escalation to 75 mg/m2q4wk (Cohort C- DI increased by 25%). Data are TETE. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest Cohorts A and B have similar safety and efficacy profiles as anticipated based on comparable DI. Fewer dose reductions and delays occurred in Cohort B, due to revised dosing criteria and increased cycle length to 4 wk. Accrual to Cohort C is complete. Efficacy and safety data for all cohorts will be reported. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- H. W. Hirte
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - W. McGuire
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - R. Edwards
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - A. Husain
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - P. Hoskins
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - J. Michels
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - U. Matulonis
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - C. Sexton
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - G. Michelson
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Weinberg Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals Inc, South San Francisco, CA
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Revicki D, Willian M, Saurat JH, Papp K, Ortonne JP, Sexton C, Camez A. Impact of adalimumab treatment on health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes: results from a 16-week randomized controlled trial in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:549-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Morley SM, D'Alessandro M, Sexton C, Rugg EL, Navsaria H, Shemanko CS, Huber M, Hohl D, Heagerty AI, Leigh IM, Lane EB. Generation and characterization of epidermolysis bullosa simplex cell lines: scratch assays show faster migration with disruptive keratin mutations. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:46-58. [PMID: 12890194 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an inherited skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in keratin intermediate filament proteins. While discoveries of these mutations have increased understanding of the role of keratins and other intermediate filaments in epithelial tissues, progress towards the development of therapy for these disorders is much slower. OBJECTIVES Cell culture model systems that display these structural defects are needed for analysis of the cellular consequences of the mutations and to enable possible therapeutic strategies to be developed. Our aim was to generate immortalized cell lines as such model systems for the study of EBS. METHODS We generated a series of stable cell lines expressing EBS-associated keratin mutations, by immortalizing keratinocytes from EBS-affected skin biopsies with either simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen or human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E6/E7, and assessed their keratin expression (by immunofluorescence), proliferation rates and migratory behaviour (in outgrowth and scratch wound assays). RESULTS Clonal immortalized keratinocyte cell lines KEB-1, KEB-2, KEB-3 (using SV40 T antigen) and KEB-4, KEB-7 and NEB-1 (using HPV16 E6/E7) were established. These include two lines from a single individual with Weber-Cockayne EBS (i.e. KEB-3 and KEB-4, mutation K14 V270M), and three cell lines from a second family, two from siblings carrying the same mutation (KEB-1, KEB-2 lines from Dowling-Meara EBS, mutation K5 E475G) and one from an unaffected relative (NEB-1). The sixth cell line (KEB-7), with a previously unreported severe mutation (K14 R125P), was the only one to show keratin aggregates in resting conditions. Despite variations in the immortalization procedure, there was no significant difference between cell lines in keratin expression, outgrowth capabilities or response to transient heat shock. However, cell migration, as measured by speed of scratch wound closure, was significantly faster in cells with severe EBS mutations. CONCLUSIONS These cell lines provide useful culture systems in which to assess aspects of EBS-induced cell changes. The faster migration after scratch wounding of the EBS keratinocytes may be a consequence of the known upregulation of stress-activated kinase pathways in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Morley
- Cancer Research UK Cell Structure Research Group, Dundee University School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB Complex, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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12
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Byun D, Mohan S, Yoo M, Sexton C, Baylink DJ, Qin X. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A accounts for the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) proteolytic activity in human pregnancy serum and enhances the mitogenic activity of IGF by degrading IGFBP-4 in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:847-54. [PMID: 11158056 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.2.7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been identified as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent IGF-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) protease produced by human fibroblasts. Recently, we found that serum proteases induced during human pregnancy cleaved IGFBP-4 in both an IGF-II-dependent and an IGF-II-independent fashion. This study sought to determine whether PAPP-A is the predominant IGFBP-4 protease in human pregnancy serum (PS) and to assess the in vitro role of serum PAPP-A. Immunoprecipitation with PAPP-A antibody effectively depleted PAPP-A from the PS and completely abolished both IGF-II-dependent and IGF-II-independent IGFBP-4 proteolytic activity in PS. Direct addition of PAPP-A antibody to PS completely blocked IGFBP-4 proteolysis and partially blocked IGFBP-5 proteolysis, but had no effect on IGFBP-3 proteolysis. To evaluate the role of serum PAPP-A, we tested whether PAPP-A in PS modulated the inhibitory activity of IGFBP-4 on IGF-II-induced cell proliferation in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. The wild-type IGFBP-4 (WTBP-4; 200 ng/mL) failed to inhibit proliferation of the cells treated with PS (0.1% or 0.3%) alone or in combination with IGF-II (40 ng/mL), whereas the inhibitory effect of WTBP-4 was observed in the cells treated with nonpregnancy serum alone or in combination with IGF-II (P < 0.05). In contrast to WTBP-4, a protease-resistant IGFBP-4 was able to inhibit proliferation of the cells treated with PS alone or in combination with IGF-II (P < 0.05). In the presence of PAPP-A neutralizing antibody, the inhibitory effect of WTBP-4 on proliferation of the cells treated with IGF-II and PS was restored. In summary, these data demonstrate 1) that PAPP-A represents the predominant IGFBP-4 protease in PS; 2) that PAPP-A may in part contribute to IGFBP-5, but not IGFBP-3, proteolytic activity in PS; and 3) that PAPP-A enhances the bioactivity of IGFs in vitro by degrading IGFBP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Byun
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, J. L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92357, USA
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13
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Norman JG, Fink GW, Denham W, Yang J, Carter G, Sexton C, Falkner J, Gower WR, Franz MG. Tissue-specific cytokine production during experimental acute pancreatitis. A probable mechanism for distant organ dysfunction. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42:1783-8. [PMID: 9286248 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018886120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our purpose was to determine if cytokines are produced systemically during acute pancreatitis. Proinflammatory cytokines are elevated during acute pancreatitis and have been implicated in the progression of pancreatitis-associated multiple organ dysfunction. Whether these mediators are produced within all tissues or very few specific organs is not known. Edematous pancreatitis was induced in adult male mice by IP injection of cerulein. Necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in young female mice by feeding a choline-deficient, ethionine supplemented diet. Animals were sacrificed as pancreatitis worsened, with multiple organs prepared for tissue mRNA and protein analysis by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Pancreatitis severity was established by histologic grading and serum amylase and lipase. There was no cytokine mRNA or protein detectable prior to the induction of pancreatitis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA and protein were detected within the pancreas early in the course of pancreatitis in both models, coinciding with the development of hyperamylasemia (both P < 0.001). Interleukin-6 was produced in the pancreas after pancreatitis was more fully developed (P < 0.001). IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were subsequently produced in large amounts in lung, liver, and spleen but never within kidney, cardiac muscle, or skeletal muscle. A significant delay between pancreatic and distant organ cytokine production was always observed. It is concluded that proinflammatory cytokines are produced within the pancreas and within organs known to develop dysfunction during severe pancreatitis. Cytokine production is tissue specific, correlates with disease severity, and occurs within the pancreas first and subsequently within distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Norman
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA
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14
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Norman JG, Fink GW, Denham W, Yang J, Carter G, Sexton C, Falkner J, Gower WR, Franz MG. Tissue-specific cytokine production during experimental acute pancreatitis. A probable mechanism for distant organ dysfunction. Dig Dis Sci 1997. [PMID: 9286248 DOI: 10.1023/a: 1018886120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose was to determine if cytokines are produced systemically during acute pancreatitis. Proinflammatory cytokines are elevated during acute pancreatitis and have been implicated in the progression of pancreatitis-associated multiple organ dysfunction. Whether these mediators are produced within all tissues or very few specific organs is not known. Edematous pancreatitis was induced in adult male mice by IP injection of cerulein. Necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in young female mice by feeding a choline-deficient, ethionine supplemented diet. Animals were sacrificed as pancreatitis worsened, with multiple organs prepared for tissue mRNA and protein analysis by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Pancreatitis severity was established by histologic grading and serum amylase and lipase. There was no cytokine mRNA or protein detectable prior to the induction of pancreatitis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA and protein were detected within the pancreas early in the course of pancreatitis in both models, coinciding with the development of hyperamylasemia (both P < 0.001). Interleukin-6 was produced in the pancreas after pancreatitis was more fully developed (P < 0.001). IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were subsequently produced in large amounts in lung, liver, and spleen but never within kidney, cardiac muscle, or skeletal muscle. A significant delay between pancreatic and distant organ cytokine production was always observed. It is concluded that proinflammatory cytokines are produced within the pancreas and within organs known to develop dysfunction during severe pancreatitis. Cytokine production is tissue specific, correlates with disease severity, and occurs within the pancreas first and subsequently within distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Norman
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA
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15
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Sexton C, Buss D, Powell B, O'Connor M, Rainer R, Woodruff R, Cruz J, Pettenati M, Rao PN, Case LD. Usefulness and limitations of serum and urine lysozyme levels in the classification of acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of 208 cases. Leuk Res 1996; 20:467-72. [PMID: 8709618 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(96)00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The revised French-American-British (FAB) classification system for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) recommends the determination of serum lysozyme (SL) or urine lysozyme (UL) levels as an aid in distinguishing acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB M2) from acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4). We reviewed retrospectively 208 cases of adult leukemia in which SL and/or UL were obtained. Elevated lysozyme levels were not found in any of the M0, M3, or M7 cases, but were increased (false positive) in three (14%) M1 cases, 18 (19%) M2 cases and one (20%) M6 case. Although a UL value in excess of 3x normal was found in most cases of AML M4 and M5, only five (11%) M4 cases and three (20%) M5 cases had SL elevations of this magnitude. Lysozyme levels need to be interpreted in conjunction with other parameters for FAB classification.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/classification
- Leukemia, Myeloid/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muramidase/blood
- Muramidase/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sexton
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1072, USA
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Norman JG, Fink GW, Sexton C, Carter G. Transgenic animals demonstrate a role for the IL-1 receptor in regulating IL-1beta gene expression at steady-state and during the systemic stress induced by acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 1996; 63:231-6. [PMID: 8661203 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1996.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene expression is selectively induced in tissues involved in multisystem organ failure during acute pancreatitis, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of distant organ dysfunction. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of pancreatitis-induced end organ cytokine production and to better understand the processes by which IL-1 production is regulated. Seventy adult male transgenic mice in which the type 1 IL-1 receptor had been deleted by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells were utilized (homozygous -/- IL-1R knockout). Acute pancreatitis was induced by one of two methods: (A) IP injections of caerulein (50 microgram/kg/hr x 4) with animals sacrificed at 0, .5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr; (B) 48-hr exposure to a choline deficient ethionine supplemented (CDE) diet with animals sacrificed at 0 and 72 hr. Knockout animals were compared to strain-specific control mice expressing the normal wild-type IL-1 receptor gene in which pancreatitis was similarly induced. The severity of pancreatitis was stratified by serum amylase, lipase, and blind histologic grading. IL-1 mRNA production was determined within the pancreas, lungs, liver, and spleen by quantitative differential RT-PCR. Deletion of the IL-1R1 attenuated the severity of pancreatitis, reaching statistical significance in the less severe edematous model. There was little or no constitutive expression of IL-1 mRNA within any of the tissues examined from wild-type animals; however, knockout animals showed elevated steady-state levels in each tissue. IL-1 mRNA became detectable in all tissues of wild-type animals shortly after either form of pancreatitis became apparent and increased significantly with worsening pancreatitis. Despite the attenuated pancreatitis, knockout animals produced significantly greater levels of IL-1 mRNA in each tissue, typically demonstrating a 30-50% increase over time matched IL-1 mRNA production in wild-type animals which was not pancreatitis model dependent. We conclude that genetic deletion of IL-1 receptors results in the overproduction of IL-1 mRNA in organs known to produce cytokines during pancreatitis even when the severity of pancreatitis is lessened. This suggests that a negative feedback loop exists between the IL-1 receptor and IL-1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Norman
- Department of Surgery and the Pancreas Study Group, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA
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Norman JG, Fink G, Franz M, Guffey J, Carter G, Davison B, Sexton C, Glaccum M. Active interleukin-1 receptor required for maximal progression of acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1996; 223:163-9. [PMID: 8597510 PMCID: PMC1235092 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199602000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors' aim was to determine the requirement for an active interleukin (IL)-1 receptor during the development and progression of acute pancreatitis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Interleukin-1 is a pro- inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to be produced during acute pancreatitis. Earlier animal studies of moderate and severe pancreatitis have shown that blockade of this powerful mediator is associated with attenuated pancreatic destruction and dramatic increases in survival. The exact role played by IL-1 and the requirement for activation of its receptor in the initiation and progression of pancreatitis is unknown. METHODS Conventional and IL-1 receptor "knockout" animals were used in parallel experiments of acute pancreatitis induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulean (50 microg/kg every 1 hour X 4). The conventional mouse strain had the IL-1 receptor blocked prophylactically by means of a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally every 2 hours). The second mouse strain was genetically engineered by means of gene targeting in murine embryonic stem cells to be devoid of type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1 receptor knockout). Animals were killed at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours, with the severity of pancreatitis determined by serum amylase, lipase, and IL-6 levels and blind histologic grading. Strain-specific controls were used for comparison. RESULTS The genetic absence of the IL-1 receptor or its pharmacologic blockade resulted in significantly attenuated pancreatic vacuolization, edema, necrosis, inflammation, and enzyme release. Serum IL-6, a marker of inflammation severity, was dramatically decreased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the IL-1 receptor is not required for the development of pancreatitis but apparently is necessary for the maximal propagation of pancreatic injury and its associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Norman
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Abstract
A cell line derived from the urothelium lining the ureter of a 12-year-old girl was immortalised using a temperature-sensitive SV40 large T-antigen gene construct, and designated UROtsa. Following immortalisation, UROtsa cells expressed SV40 large T-antigen, but did not acquire characteristics of neoplastic transformation, including growth in soft agar or the development of tumours in nude mice. Metaphase spreads had a normal chromosomal appearance and number. UROtsa cells remained permissive for cell growth at 39 degrees C, indicating that they did not retain temperature sensitivity. UROtsa provides an in vitro model of "normal" urothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Petzoldt
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London, UK
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Sinclair AL, Nouri AM, Oliver RT, Sexton C, Dalgleish AG. Bladder and prostate cancer screening for human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction: conflicting results using different annealing temperatures. Br J Biomed Sci 1993; 50:350-4. [PMID: 8130696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of L1 ORF degenerative primers, GP5/6 and MYO9/11, have been used to screen for human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences in bladder tumours, cell lines and controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). None of the 14 bladder and prostate tumours or nine bladder cell lines contained HPV sequences when tested with L1 ORF primer pair GP5/6 at 40 degrees C annealing temperature. In contrast, use of the L1 ORF primer pair MY09/11 at this low annealing temperature consistently gave a 450 bp band, suggesting the presence of HPV. This occurred in all samples including the negative DNA controls. An increase in stringency to an annealing temperature of 55 degrees C resulted in an elimination of this band in the test and negative control samples. This finding may explain why there are contradictory reports in the literature, and further studies are in progress to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Sinclair
- Department of Virology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, England, UK
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Regressing atypical histiocytosis is a recently described disease characterized by recurrent nodules or ulcers. The cutaneous lesions appear abruptly and then regress only to return in a manner reminiscent of lymphomatoid papulosis. Immunophenotypic analysis has revealed that most cases are a form of anaplastic large-cell Ki-1-positive (CD30+) lymphoma. OBJECTIVE We describe two patients with Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma that had clinical and pathologic features of regressing atypical histiocytosis and mimicked benign dermatoses (pyoderma gangrenosum and morphea), causing a delay in confirming the true diagnosis. A third case that was readily recognized as a lymphoma is also presented. METHODS The clinical and histopathologic findings were recorded. In addition, T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and immunophenotyping were determined in the index case. RESULTS The index patient and second patient were diagnosed as having Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma by immunophenotyping and underwent cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone, and vincristine (CHOP) chemotherapy with complete remission. The patient detected by chart review died of her disease without receiving antineoplastic therapy; disseminated lymphoma was diagnosed at autopsy. Studies on paraffin-embedded tissue were consistent with Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION Regressing atypical histiocytosis may clinically resemble some benign dermatoses. Recent evaluation of these cases has shown that many represent a form of Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Multiple skin biopsy specimens with immunophenotyping and gene rearrangement studies are required to arrive at the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Camisa
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
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Abstract
Fifty subjects with head louse infestation were recruited into a controlled trial to compare a phenothrin liquid shampoo with a carbaryl lotion. Twenty-seven subjects were treated with phenothrin and 23 with carbaryl, each formulation being applied only on a single occasion. Subjects were inspected for evidence of live lice and eggs at 24 hours and 3 to 4 weeks after application of treatment. The results showed that both the phenothrin liquid shampoo and the carbaryl lotion were effective in killing adult lice and viable eggs. No statistically significant difference in treatment efficacy was observed between the two groups. Fewer side-effects, however, were observed with the phenothrin liquid shampoo than with the carbaryl lotion. These results indicate that, when applied as a single treatment, a phenothrin liquid shampoo was as effective as a carbaryl lotion in eradicating head lice and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sexton
- Norwich Health Authority, Community Unit Headquarters, Aylsham, Norfolk, England
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Abstract
A patient with progressive psoriatic arthritis refractory to methotrexate therapy was treated empirically with intravenous nitrogen mustard, or HN2. His response to therapy was compared with the responses of five rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with the same regimen. At 14 days after therapy was begun the patient with psoriatic arthritis showed significant improvement, at least comparable to that observed in the rheumatoid arthritis group. Intravenous HN2 therapy may be an alternative to methotrexate for progressive psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Wilke
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195
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Camisa C, Sexton C, Friedman C. Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with combination hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and adrenal suppression. A case report. J Reprod Med 1989; 34:543-6. [PMID: 2509694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 33-year-old woman with severe familial hidradenitis suppurativa of the vulva and perineum was treated with a combination of dexamethasone and a new synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist, leuprolide acetate. The clinical improvement paralleled the adrenal and ovarian suppression, as demonstrated by falling blood levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Camisa
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44106
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