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Schnell C, Ferrat T, Schwarzmueller A, Gao J, Fritsch C. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition improves alpelisib (ALP)-induced hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Pelosi C, Bertrand C, Bretagnolle V, Coeurdassier M, Delhomme O, Deschamps M, Gaba S, Millet M, Nélieu S, Fritsch C. Glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in soils and earthworms in a French arable landscape. Chemosphere 2022; 301:134672. [PMID: 35472617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although Glyphosate-based herbicides are often marketed as environmentally friendly and easily biodegradable, its bioavailability and risks to wildlife raise significant concerns. Among non-target organisms, earthworms which live in close contact with the soil can be directly exposed to pesticides and harmed. We investigated soil contamination and the exposure of earthworms to glyphosate, its metabolite AMPA, and glufosinate in an arable landscape in France, both in treated (i.e. temporary grasslands and cereal fields under conventional farming), and nontreated habitats (i.e. hedgerows, permanent grasslands and cereal fields under organic farming) (n = 120 sampling sites in total). Glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate were detected in 88%, 58% and 35% of the soil samples, and in 74%, 38% and 12% of the earthworm samples, respectively. For both glyphosate and AMPA, concentrations in soils were at least 10 times lower than predicted environmental concentrations. However, the maximum glyphosate soil concentration measured (i.e., 0.598 mg kg-1) was only 2 to 3 times lower than the concentrations revealed to affect earthworms (survival and avoidance) in the literature. These compounds were found both in conventional and organic farming fields, thus supporting a recent study, and for the first time they were detected in hedgerows and grasslands. However, glyphosate and AMPA were more frequently detected in soils from cereal fields and hedgerows than in grasslands, and median concentrations measured in soils from cereal fields were significantly higher than in the two other habitats. Bioaccumulation of glyphosate and AMPA in earthworms was higher than expected according to the properties of the molecules. Our findings raised issues about the high occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA in soils from cropped and more natural areas in arable landscapes. They also highlight the potential for transfer of these molecules in terrestrial food webs as earthworms are prey for numerous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, F-84000, Avignon, France.
| | - C Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - V Bretagnolle
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS & La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France; LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - M Coeurdassier
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté USC INRAE, 16 route de Gray 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - O Delhomme
- Université de Strasbourg, ICPEES - UMR 7515 CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France; Université de Lorraine, ICPEES - UMR 7515 CNRS, 57070, Metz, France
| | - M Deschamps
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - S Gaba
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France; USC 1339 Centre d'Etudes Biologiques De Chizé, INRAE, 76390, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - M Millet
- Université de Strasbourg, ICPEES - UMR 7515 CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - C Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté USC INRAE, 16 route de Gray 25030 Besançon cedex, France
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Fritsch C, Gout JF, Haroon S, Towheed A, Chung C, LaGosh J, McGann E, Zhang X, Song Y, Simpson S, Danthi PS, Benayoun BA, Wallace D, Thomas K, Lynch M, Vermulst M. Genome-wide surveillance of transcription errors in response to genotoxic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2004077118. [PMID: 33443141 PMCID: PMC7817157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004077118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutagenic compounds are a potent source of human disease. By inducing genetic instability, they can accelerate the evolution of human cancers or lead to the development of genetically inherited diseases. Here, we show that in addition to genetic mutations, mutagens are also a powerful source of transcription errors. These errors arise in dividing and nondividing cells alike, affect every class of transcripts inside cells, and, in certain cases, greatly exceed the number of mutations that arise in the genome. In addition, we reveal the kinetics of transcription errors in response to mutagen exposure and find that DNA repair is required to mitigate transcriptional mutagenesis after exposure. Together, these observations have far-reaching consequences for our understanding of mutagenesis in human aging and disease, and suggest that the impact of DNA damage on human physiology has been greatly underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fritsch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - J-F Gout
- School of Life Sciences, Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - S Haroon
- Department of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - A Towheed
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940
| | - C Chung
- School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - J LaGosh
- School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - E McGann
- School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - X Zhang
- Bioinforx, Inc., Madison, WI 53719
| | - Y Song
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - S Simpson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - P S Danthi
- School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - B A Benayoun
- School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - D Wallace
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - K Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - M Lynch
- School of Life Sciences, Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287;
| | - M Vermulst
- School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089;
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Cruza JF, Camacho J, Mateos R, Fritsch C. A new beamforming method and hardware architecture for real time two way dynamic depth focusing. Ultrasonics 2019; 99:105965. [PMID: 31362260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Total Focusing Method (TFM) yields a focused image in emission and in reception while Phased Array (PA) imaging provides Dynamic Depth Focusing (DDF) in reception only. Besides, most NDE applications have two propagation media, where refraction at the interface complicates time-of-flight (TOF) and focal law computations. This affects especially TFM, which must compute the TOFs from all elements to image pixels and use them to select the data for imaging. A new method with real-time Dynamic Depth Full Focusing (DDFF), in emission and reception, is proposed in this work. It is called Total Focusing Phased Array (TFPA) because it uses concepts of TFM and PA. Omnidirectional emissions are used to create a synthetic aperture as in TFM, while beamforming is carried out along scan lines as in PA, simplifying the delay calculation in the presence of interfaces and providing an efficient hardware implementation. Refraction at the interface between two media is eliminated by a Virtual Array (VA) that converts such scenario into a simple homogeneous medium. Propagation can be considered along scan lines from the virtual array at constant speed, as in homogeneous media. Strict dynamic focusing is performed in real-time, an important difference with other approaches that require iterative Fermat search to get the focal laws for every imaged point. With TFPA only 3 parameters per element and scan line are required to perform this task. Experiments are carried out to compare the three techniques, PA, TFM and TFPA. TFM and TFPA yield similar image quality, offering improved depth of field and resolution over PA. On the other hand, TFPA avoids most of the burden for computing TOFs and operates in real time with one or two media propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Cruza
- DASEL, Avda. del Cañal 44 Nave 3, 28500 Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Camacho
- Ultrasound Systems and Technology Group (GSTU), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/ Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Mateos
- Department of Electronics, University of Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Fritsch
- Ultrasound Systems and Technology Group (GSTU), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/ Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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McCamish M, DaSilva A, Ernst Mayer R, Fritsch C, Schiestl M. AB0321 A Totality-of-The-Evidence Approach To The Development of GP2015, A Proposed Etanercept Biosimilar. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Machado GC, Witzleb AJ, Fritsch C, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML. Patients with sciatica still experience pain and disability 5 years after surgery: A systematic review with meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1700-1709. [PMID: 27172245 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The clinical course of patients with sciatica is believed to be favourable, but there is conflicting evidence on the postoperative course of this condition. We aimed to investigate the clinical course of sciatica following surgery. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT An electronic search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL from inception to April 2015. We screened for prospective cohort studies investigating pain or disability outcomes for patients with sciatica treated surgically. Fractional polynomial regression analysis was used to generate pooled means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of pain and disability up to 5 years after surgery. Estimates of pain and disability (converted to a 0-100 scale) were plotted over time, from inception to last available follow-up time. RESULTS Forty records (39 cohort studies) were included with a total of 13,883 patients with sciatica. Before surgery, the pooled mean leg pain score was 75.2 (95% CI 68.1-82.4) which reduced to 15.3 (95% CI 8.5-22.1) at 3 months. Patients were never fully recovered in the long-term and pain increased to 21.0 (95% CI 12.5-29.5) at 5 years. The pooled mean disability score before surgery was 55.1 (95% CI 52.3-58.0) and this decreased to 15.5 (95% CI 13.3-17.6) at 3 months, and further reduced to 13.1 (95% CI 10.6-15.5) at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Although surgery is followed by a rapid decrease in pain and disability by 3 months, patients still experience mild to moderate pain and disability 5 years after surgery. WHAT DOES THIS REVIEW ADD?: This review provides a quantitative summary of the postoperative course of patients with sciatica. Patients with sciatica experienced a rapid reduction in pain and disability in the first 3 months, but still had mild to moderate symptoms 5 years after surgery. Although no significant differences were found, microdiscectomy showed larger improvements compared to other surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Machado
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - A J Witzleb
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Fritsch
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C G Maher
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P H Ferreira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M L Ferreira
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Espín S, García-Fernández AJ, Herzke D, Shore RF, van Hattum B, Martínez-López E, Coeurdassier M, Eulaers I, Fritsch C, Gómez-Ramírez P, Jaspers VLB, Krone O, Duke G, Helander B, Mateo R, Movalli P, Sonne C, van den Brink NW. Tracking pan-continental trends in environmental contamination using sentinel raptors-what types of samples should we use? Ecotoxicology 2016; 25:777-801. [PMID: 26944290 PMCID: PMC4823350 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring using birds of prey as sentinel species has been mooted as a way to evaluate the success of European Union directives that are designed to protect people and the environment across Europe from industrial contaminants and pesticides. No such pan-European evaluation currently exists. Coordination of such large scale monitoring would require harmonisation across multiple countries of the types of samples collected and analysed-matrices vary in the ease with which they can be collected and the information they provide. We report the first ever pan-European assessment of which raptor samples are collected across Europe and review their suitability for biomonitoring. Currently, some 182 monitoring programmes across 33 European countries collect a variety of raptor samples, and we discuss the relative merits of each for monitoring current priority and emerging compounds. Of the matrices collected, blood and liver are used most extensively for quantifying trends in recent and longer-term contaminant exposure, respectively. These matrices are potentially the most effective for pan-European biomonitoring but are not so widely and frequently collected as others. We found that failed eggs and feathers are the most widely collected samples. Because of this ubiquity, they may provide the best opportunities for widescale biomonitoring, although neither is suitable for all compounds. We advocate piloting pan-European monitoring of selected priority compounds using these matrices and developing read-across approaches to accommodate any effects that trophic pathway and species differences in accumulation may have on our ability to track environmental trends in contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Espín
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Herzke
- FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R F Shore
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - B van Hattum
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E Martínez-López
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Coeurdassier
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - I Eulaers
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre (ARC), Århus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - C Fritsch
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - P Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - V L B Jaspers
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, EU2-169, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Duke
- Centre for the Environment, Oxford University Environmental Change Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - B Helander
- Environmental Research & Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Movalli
- Department of Collections, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre (ARC), Århus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - N W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, NL-6700EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Gómez Álvarez-Arenas TE, Camacho J, Fritsch C. Passive focusing techniques for piezoelectric air-coupled ultrasonic transducers. Ultrasonics 2016; 67:85-93. [PMID: 26799129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel passive focusing system for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic (ACU) piezoelectric transducers which is inspired by the Newtonian-Cassegrain (NC) telescope concept. It consist of a primary spherical mirror with an output hole and a flat secondary mirror, normal to the propagation axis, that is the transducer surface itself. The device is modeled and acoustic field is calculated showing a collimated beam with a symmetrical focus. A prototype according to this design is built and tested with an ACU piezoelectric transducer with center frequency at 400 kHz, high-sensitivity, wideband and 25 mm diameter flat aperture. The acoustic field is measured and compared with calculations. The presented prototype exhibit a 1.5 mm focus width and a collimated beam up to 15 mm off the output hole. In addition, the performance of this novel design is compared, both theoretically and experimentally, with two techniques used before for electrostatic transducers: the Fresnel Zone Plate - FZP and the off-axis parabolic or spherical mirror. The proposed NC arrangement has a coaxial design, which eases the transducers positioning and use in many applications, and is less bulky than off-axis mirrors. Unlike in off-axis mirrors, it is now possible to use a spherical primary mirror with minimum aberrations. FZP provides a more compact solution and is easy to build, but presents some background noise due to interference of waves diffracted at out of focus regions. By contrast, off-axis parabolic mirrors provide a well defined focus and are free from background noise, although they are bulky and more difficult to build. Spherical mirrors are more easily built, but this yields a non symmetric beam and a poorly defined focus.
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Fritsch C, Vogel RF, Toelstede S. Fermentation performance of lactic acid bacteria in different lupin substrates-influence and degradation ability of antinutritives and secondary plant metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1075-88. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Fritsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising Germany
| | - R. F. Vogel
- Technische Universität München; Technische Mikrobiologie Weihenstephan; Freising Germany
| | - S. Toelstede
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising Germany
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Perez-Liva M, Herraiz J, Medina-Valdés L, Camacho J, Fritsch C, Ibáñez P, Udías J. PD-0137: Ultrasound Computed tomography for early breast cancer detection. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gómez-Ramírez P, Shore RF, van den Brink NW, van Hattum B, Bustnes JO, Duke G, Fritsch C, García-Fernández AJ, Helander BO, Jaspers V, Krone O, Martínez-López E, Mateo R, Movalli P, Sonne C. An overview of existing raptor contaminant monitoring activities in Europe. Environ Int 2014; 67:12-21. [PMID: 24632328 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring using raptors as sentinels can provide early warning of the potential impacts of contaminants on humans and the environment and also a means of tracking the success of associated mitigation measures. Examples include detection of heavy metal-induced immune system impairment, PCB-induced altered reproductive impacts, and toxicity associated with lead in shot game. Authorisation of such releases and implementation of mitigation is now increasingly delivered through EU-wide directives but there is little established pan-European monitoring to quantify outcomes. We investigated the potential for EU-wide coordinated contaminant monitoring using raptors as sentinels. We did this using a questionnaire to ascertain the current scale of national activity across 44 European countries. According to this survey, there have been 52 different contaminant monitoring schemes with raptors over the last 50years. There were active schemes in 15 (predominantly western European) countries and 23 schemes have been running for >20years; most monitoring was conducted for >5years. Legacy persistent organic compounds (specifically organochlorine insecticides and PCBs), and metals/metalloids were monitored in most of the 15 countries. Fungicides, flame retardants and anticoagulant rodenticides were also relatively frequently monitored (each in at least 6 countries). Common buzzard (Buteo buteo), common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), tawny owl (Strix aluco) and barn owl (Tyto alba) were most commonly monitored (each in 6-10 countries). Feathers and eggs were most widely analysed although many schemes also analysed body tissues. Our study reveals an existing capability across multiple European countries for contaminant monitoring using raptors. However, coordination between existing schemes and expansion of monitoring into Eastern Europe is needed. This would enable assessment of the appropriateness of the EU-regulation of substances that are hazardous to humans and the environment, the effectiveness of EU level mitigation policies, and identify pan-European spatial and temporal trends in current and emerging contaminants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - R F Shore
- NERC, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - N W van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Box 47, NL-6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B van Hattum
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J O Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM-High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - G Duke
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - C Fritsch
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté -, CNRS, Usc INRA, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - B O Helander
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Contaminant Environmental Research & Monitoring, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Jaspers
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; NTNU, Realfagbygget, DU2-169, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - O Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Martínez-López
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - R Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Movalli
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Sonne
- Arctic Environment, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Cruza JF, Camacho J, Serrano-Iribarnegaray L, Fritsch C. New method for real-time dynamic focusing through interfaces. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2013; 60:739-751. [PMID: 23549534 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In nondestructive evaluation (NDE) a coupling medium (wedge) is frequently inserted between the array probe and the object being evaluated. In this situation, focal law computing is complicated by the refraction effects at the interface. Furthermore, there are not known techniques to perform dynamic focusing by hardware in these conditions. This work addresses these problems by following a two-step procedure. First, a virtual array that operates in a single medium with nearly equivalent time-of-flight to the foci is obtained. Then, simple hardware is proposed to perform dynamic focusing in real-time. It operates with arrays of any geometry as required by the virtual array in presence of arbitrarily shaped interfaces. The paper describes the theory and evaluates the timing errors of the approximations made. These errors are low enough to allow use of the new technique in most NDE and some specific medical applications. The new technique is validated by simulation and experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Cruza
- UMEDIA group, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Abstract
Ultrasound detection and evaluation of flaws in materials showing structural noise (austenitic steels, titanium alloys, composites, etc.) is difficult because of the low flaw-to-grain noise ratio. Much research has been performed looking for methods to improve flaw detection in grained materials. Many approaches require a cumbersome tuning process to select the correct parameter values or to use iterative techniques. In this work, the technique of phase coherence imaging is proposed to improve the flaw-to-grain noise ratio. The technique weights the output of a conventional beamformer with a coherence factor obtained from the aperture data phase dispersion. It can be simply implemented in real-time and it operates automatically, without needing any parameter adjustment. This paper presents the theoretical basis of phase coherence imaging to reduce grain noise, as well as experimental results that confirm the expected performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Camacho
- Spanish National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Fritsch C, Camacho J, Parrilla M. New ultrasound imaging techniques with phase coherence processing. Ultrasonics 2010; 50:122-126. [PMID: 19879617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses three key subjects to the image quality with phased arrays: timing accuracy, beamforming strategy and post-processing for increased resolution and suppression of grating and side lobes. Timing accuracy is achieved by defining a modular and scalable architecture which guarantees low timing errors, whatever is the system size. The proposed beamforming methodology follows the progressive focusing correction technique, which keeps low focusing errors, provides a high information density and has a simple implementation for real-time imaging in modular architectures. Then, phase coherence imaging is defined to suppress grating and sidelobe indications, simultaneously increasing the lateral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fritsch
- Instituto de Automática Industrial, CSIC, La Poveda (Arganda), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Ibáñez A, Fritsch C, Parrilla M, Villazón J. Monochromatic transfer matrix method for acoustic field simulation thorough media boundaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Douay F, Pruvot C, Waterlot C, Fritsch C, Fourrier H, Loriette A, Bidar G, Grand C, de Vaufleury A, Scheifler R. Contamination of woody habitat soils around a former lead smelter in the North of France. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:5564-5577. [PMID: 19665168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the topsoil of 262 woody habitats around a former lead smelter in the North of France was assessed. In this urbanized and industrialized area, these kinds of habitats comprise of hedges, groves, small woods, anthropogenic creations and one large forest. Except for the latter, which is 3 km away, these woody habitat soils often present a high anthropization degree (a significant amount of pebbles and stones related to human activities) with a high metal contamination. In the studied woody habitat topsoils, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations largely exceeded those of agricultural topsoils located in the same environmental context. Therefore, atmospheric emissions from the smelter are not the only cause of the high contamination of the woody habitat soils. This last one is related to the nature and the contamination level of deposit in relation with human activities (rubbles, slag, soils, etc). With regard to the results obtained with chemical extractions, the mobility of Cd, Pb and Zn in these soils is also greater than in agricultural soils. In the forest, pollutant solubility is increased by soil acidic pH. The variability of the physico-chemical parameters and the high metal contamination of the topsoils are the main characteristics of the woody habitats located around the former smelter. Although never taken into account during risk assessment, the disturbance of these environmental components could have important biogeochemical impacts (nutrients and metal cycles). Moreover, any modification of the soils' use could potentially cause mobilization and transfer of the pollutants to the biosphere. Six years after the closure of the smelter, and as social and economic pressures considerably increase in this area, the study of these peculiar ecosystems is necessary to understand and predict the bioavailability, transfer, bioaccumulation and effects of pollutants in food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Douay
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Groupe ISA, 48 boulevard Vauban 59046 Lille cedex, France.
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17
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Braathen LR, Paredes BE, Saksela O, Fritsch C, Gardlo K, Morken T, Frølich KW, Warloe T, Solér AM, Ros AM. Short incubation with methyl aminolevulinate for photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:550-5. [PMID: 19415804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.03029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is an effective first-line treatment for actinic keratoses. A reduced incubation period may have practical advantages. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effect of incubation time (1 vs. 3 h), MAL concentration (160 mg/g vs. 80 mg/g) and lesion preparation in the setting of MAL-PDT for treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). DESIGN Open, randomized, parallel-group multicentre study. SETTING Outpatient dermatology clinics. SUBJECTS One hundred and twelve patients with 384 previously untreated AK. Most lesions (87%) were located on the face and scalp and were thin (55%) or moderately thick (34%). METHODS Lesions were debrided, and MAL cream (160 mg/g or 80 mg/g) was applied before illumination with red light (570-670 nm; light dose, 75 J/cm2). Patients were followed up at 2 and 3 months. Sixty patients (54%) were re-treated and assessed at 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME Complete lesion response rates 3 and 12 months after last treatment. RESULTS For lesions on the face/scalp, lesion complete response rates were 78% for thin AK and 74% for moderately thick AK lesions after 1 h vs. 96% and 87% after 3 h incubation with MAL 160 mg/g. Lesion recurrence rates at 12 months after two treatments were similar [19% (3 of 16) with 1 h vs. 17% (3 of 18) with 3 h 160 mg/kg MAL-PDT] and lower than for 80 mg/g MAL-PDT (44-45%). CONCLUSION MAL-PDT using a 1-h incubation may be sufficient for successful treatment of selected AK lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Braathen
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
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18
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Abstract
A new method for grating and side lobes suppression in ultrasound images is presented. It is based on an analysis of the phase diversity at the aperture data. Two coherence factors, namely the phase coherence factor (PCF) and the sign coherence factor (SCF), are proposed to weight the coherent sum output. Different from other approaches, phase rather than amplitude information is used to perform the correction action. Besides achieving the main goal, the method obtains improvements in lateral resolution and SNR. Implementation of the SCF technique is quite straightforward, operating in realtime, and can be added to any virtually existing beamformer to improve the resolution, contrast, SNR, and dynamic range of the images. A programmable parameter allows adjusting the sensitivity of the method to out-of-phase signals, from zero to a strict coherence criterion. The theoretical basis for the 2 methods are given and their performances evaluated by simulation. Then, experiments are conducted to provide results that are in good agreement with those expected from theory and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Camacho
- Instituto de Automática Industrial (CSIC), Departamento de Sistemas, La poveda, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Ealo JL, Camacho JJ, Fritsch C. Airborne ultrasonic phased arrays using ferroelectrets: a new fabrication approach. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2009; 56:848-858. [PMID: 19406714 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2009.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel procedure that considerably simplifies the fabrication process of ferroelectret-based multielement array transducers is proposed and evaluated. Also, the potential of ferroelectrets being used as active material for air-coupled ultrasonic transducer design is demonstrated. The new construction method of multi-element transducers introduces 2 distinctive improvements. First, active ferroelectret material is not discretized into elements, and second, the need of structuring upper and/or lower electrodes in advance of the permanent polarization of the film is removed. The aperture discretization and the mechanical connection are achieved in one step using a through-thickness conductive tape. To validate the procedure, 2 linear array prototypes of 32 elements, with a pitch of 3.43 mm and a wide usable frequency range from 30 to 300 kHz, were built and evaluated using a commercial phased-array system. A low crosstalk among elements, below -30 dB, was measured by interferometry. Likewise, a homogeneous response of the array elements, with a maximum deviation of +/-1.8 dB, was obtained. Acoustic beam steering measurements were accomplished at different deflection angles using a calibrated microphone. The ultrasonic beam parameters, namely, lateral resolution, side lobe level, grating lobes, and focus depth, were congruent with theory. Acoustic images of a single reflector were obtained using one of the array elements as the receiver. Resulting images are also in accordance with numerical simulation, demonstrating the feasibility of using these arrays in pulse-echo mode. The proposed procedure simplifies the manufacturing of multidimensional arrays with arbitrary shape elements and not uniformly distributed. Furthermore, this concept can be extended to nonflat arrays as long as the transducer substrate conforms to a developable surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao L Ealo
- Instituto de Automática Industrial - CSIC, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Imbert E, Chamaillard M, Kostrzewa E, Doutre MS, Milpied B, Beylot-Barry M, Le Coz CJ, Fritsch C, Chantecler ML, Vigan M. Allergie au fauteuil chinois : une nouvelle dermite de contact. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2008; 135:777-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Abstract
A simple input protection circuit for ultrasound pulse-echo applications is described. Its performance is analyzed with regard to other widely used arrangements. Besides the primary function of showing high impedance during the transducer excitation time and a low impedance path to the amplifier in reception, issues of harmonic distortion, insertion losses, bandwidth, power dissipation, transient response, and noise are addressed. It is shown that the proposed circuit has many advantages, operating without any control signals or bias voltages. It is small and can be considered a good general-purpose protection circuit alternative.
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22
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Fritsch C, Parrilla M, Ibáñez A, Giacchetta RC, Martínez O. The progressive focusing correction technique for ultrasound beamforming. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2006; 53:1820-31. [PMID: 17036790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel method for digital ultrasound beamforming based on programmable table look-ups, in which vectors containing coded focusing information are efficiently stored, achieving an information density of a fraction of bit per acquired sample. Timing errors at the foci are within half the period of a master clock of arbitrarily high frequency to improve imaging quality with low resource requirements. The technique is applicable with conventional as well as with deltasigma converters. The bit-width of the focusing code and the number of samples per focus can be defined to improve both memory size and F# with controlled timing errors. In the static mode, the number of samples per focus is fixed, and in the dynamic approach that figure grows progressively, taking advantage of the increasing depth of focus. Furthermore, the latter has the lowest memory requirements. The technique is well suited for research purposes as well as for real-world applications, offering a degree of freedom not available with other approaches. It allows, for example, modifying the sampling instants to phase aberration correction, beamforming in layered structures, etc. The described modular and scalable prototype has been built using low-cost field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Experimental measurements are in good agreement with the theoretically expected errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fritsch
- Instituto de Automática Industrial, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La Poveda (Arganda del Rey), Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Wimmershoff F, Gardlo K, Bolsen K, Ruzicka T, Fritsch C. Hochdosierte Vitamingabe zur Verhinderung einer Porphyria cutanea urämica? Hautarzt 2006; 57:228, 230-2, 234-6. [PMID: 16240153 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-005-1042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
50 Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis with or without porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)-like skin changes were investigated. The total porphyrin amount in erythrocytes, plasma and dialysate and the distribution of porphyrin metabolites in plasma and dialysate were measured. In plasma, the group of patients with skin changes (referred as PCU = porphyria cutanea uremica) showed significantly increased uroporphyrin levels as compared to the non-symptomatic group. In addition, significant differences concerning the ratio uro-/coproporphyrin in plasma were shown: non-symptomatic patients with 0.87, as opposed to the PCU group with 3.7. Considerable differences between the level of vitamin ingestion were identified between the groups. Patients with PCU took distinctly less vitamins C, E and B than patients without symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wimmershoff
- Hautklinik der Medizinischen Fakultät des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf
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24
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Fritsch C. Biochemische Grundlagen, Photosensibilisatoren und Lichtquellen. Akt Dermatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Fritsch C, Haslbeck M. [Significance of pedography in the diagnosis and treatment of the diabetic foot syndrome]. MMW Fortschr Med 2004; 146:51-4. [PMID: 15529693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pedographic systems are now in use in many research centers and hospitals throughout the world. The platform system permits rapid and accurate static and dynamic measurement of the local pressure loading on the plantar surface of the foot, and also permits a functional assessment of the roll-over process in the bare foot. The in-shoe system employing an insole measures the pressure distribution within an orthopedic shoe and enables an accurate comparison of the loading situation before and after fitting. As an additional diagnostic tool, pedography improves preventive measures and the quality of the orthopedic treatment of the diabetic foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fritsch
- Biomechaniklabor novel GmbH, München.
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26
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Abstract
Flaw detection near the interface surface is a common problem in many pulse-echo NDT applications due to interference with the interface echo, orders of magnitude above the flaw echoes. Several digital signal processing techniques like deconvolution, Hilbert transform and cepstrum analysis have been proposed to improve axial resolution. However, they require strict linearity, which takes a large portion of the system dynamic range just to fit the interface echo, thus reducing the dynamic range available for flaw detection. This work presents a new alternative based on the time-domain phase analysis of the received signals. Differently from conventional approaches, it works quite well with saturated signals resulting when a high gain is applied to detect small flaws. These can be detected in a range of a fraction of one wavelength from the interface surface, even using narrow-band transducers, as it has been experimentally verified. The method can be easily hardware implemented for real-time processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fritsch
- Instituto de Automática Industrial (CSIC), La Poveda (Arganda), 28500 Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Horn M, Wolf P, Wulf HC, Warloe T, Fritsch C, Rhodes LE, Kaufmann R, De Rie M, Legat FJ, Stender IM, Solér AM, Wennberg AM, Wong GAE, Larkö O. Topical methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy in patients with basal cell carcinoma prone to complications and poor cosmetic outcome with conventional treatment. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:1242-9. [PMID: 14674903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) causes morbidity and/or disfigurement in some patients because of the location (e.g. mid-face) and size of the lesion. OBJECTIVES Following reports that such difficult-to-treat BCC lesions have been treated successfully with topical methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT), a multicentre study was performed to determine the response of such BCC to MAL-PDT. METHODS An open, uncontrolled, prospective, multicentre study was conducted comprising patients with superficial and/or nodular BCC who were at risk of complications, poor cosmetic outcome, disfigurement and/or recurrence using conventional therapy. Patients were given one or two cycles within 3 months of topical MAL-PDT, each consisting of two treatments 1 week apart. Tumour response was assessed clinically at 3 months after the last PDT, with histological confirmation of all lesions in clinical remission. The cosmetic outcome was rated. Patients with a BCC in remission will be followed up for 5 years for recurrence, of which the 24-month follow-up is reported here. Ninety-four patients with 123 lesions were enrolled and treated with MAL-PDT at nine European primary care and referral university hospitals. An independent blinded study review board (SRB) retrospectively excluded nine patients and a total of 15 lesions from the efficacy analysis, for not having a difficult-to-treat BCC according to the protocol. RESULTS The lesion remission rate at 3 months was 92% (45 of 49) for superficial BCC, 87% (45 of 52) for nodular BCC, and 57% (four of seven) for mixed BCC, as assessed by clinical examination, and 85% (40 of 47), 75% (38 of 51), and 43% (three of seven), respectively, as assessed by histological examination and verified by the SRB. At 24 months after treatment, the overall lesion recurrence rate was 18% (12 of 66). The cosmetic outcome was graded as excellent or good by the investigators in 76% of the cases after 3 months follow-up, rising to 85% at 12 months follow-up, and 94% at 24 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Topical MAL-PDT is effective in treating BCC at risk of complications and poor cosmetic outcome using conventional therapy. MAL-PDT preserves the skin and shows favourable cosmetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Horn
- Departments of Photodermatology and Dermatology, Karl-Franzens-University, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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28
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Abstract
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the most frequent porphyria in humans. The familial type is in contrast to the sporadic type due to an inherited defect of the uroporphyrinogen-II-decarboxylase (URO-D) and both types need additional porphyrinogens to lead to the clinical manifestation of the disease. Various factors such as xenobiotics (i.e. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), alcohol, hormones and viral liver infections (hepatitis B and C) are known to induce porphyria. Cytochrome p450 enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of porphyrogens and therefore might have an important influence on the pathogenesis of hepatic porphyrias. Association of CYP1A2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to both types of PCT has already been described in Danish patients. We investigated 65 caucasian patients with PCT in comparison to a healthy control group concerning the tpe of PCT and the cytochrome p4501A1 polymorphisms (m1, m2 and m4) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a restriction fragment length polymorphism. We found an increased incidence of the m4 polymorphism in the familial type of PCT (odds ratio 5.5, P-value 0.01), whereas the m1 and m2 mutations, might be provoked by a higher susceptibility to porphyrogens via the cytochrome p4501A1 m4 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gardlo
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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29
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Fritsch C. Fluoreszenz Diagnostik und Photodynamische Therapie – Aktueller Stand. Akt Dermatol 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-822268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fritsch C, Parrilla M, Sánchez T, Martínez O. Beamforming with a reduced sampling rate. Ultrasonics 2002; 40:599-604. [PMID: 12160008 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The beamforming process requires a high delay resolution to avoid the deteriorating effects of the delay quantization lobes on the image dynamic range and signal to noise ratio. Wideband transducers require delay resolutions in the order of 1/16 the signal period. If oversampling is used to achieve this timing resolution, a huge data volume has to be acquired and processed in real time. This is usually avoided by sampling just above the Nyquist rate and interpolating to achieve the required delay resolution. However this increases the hardware complexity. Baseband sampling has been alternatively proposed with sampling rates as low as the transducer frequency or even lower. This approach uses two A/D converters and processing chains for every channel, thus doubling the hardware requirements. Quadrature sampling can be used instead with a single A/D converter, but the sampling rate must be a multiple of four times the transducer frequency, decreasing the application flexibility. Furthermore, it produces relatively high errors in the detected envelope if wideband transducers are used. This work presents a new approach, the selective sampling technique (SST), which keeps the lowest sampling rate required by the imaging process or the signal bandwidth (whatever is larger) and, at the same time, provides a high delay resolution to keep the highest image dynamic range. The SST is based on a second order sampling process which, differently from the mentioned approaches, does not pose any constraints in the time interval between samples and produce lower errors in the detected envelope. The hardware requirements are low (a single A/D converter and processing chain for every transducer element), working at the lowest data rate compatible with the Nyquist criterion, thus reducing the data bandwidth. Furthermore, the sampling points can be also freely chosen, so that the SST simplify the usually required scan conversion process to a simple linear interpolation easily carried out by software in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fritsch
- Instituto de Automática Industrial (CSIC), La Poveda, Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Lang K, Groeger M, Neumann NJ, Ruzicka T, Fritsch C. Supravenous hyperpigmentation, transverse leuconychia and transverse melanonychia after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002; 16:162-3. [PMID: 12046824 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2002.00424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentary abberations of the skin, mucosa and epidermal appendages are common side-effects after systemic treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. These pigment changes appear in different patterns and are partly quite typical for the applied chemotherapeutic drug. The pathogenesis of the different skin pigmentations are not well known. The most often discussed causes are the stimulation of melanocytes, involvement of the tyrosinase enzyme system and thrombophlebitis with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation by the aggressive substances. Nail discolorations are mainly due to direct toxic effects and stimulation of the matrix melanocytes. We report a rare event of supravenous hyperpigmentation, transverse leuconychia and melanonychia after chemotherapy of a patient suffering from Hodgkin's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lang
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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33
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Lang K, Bolsen K, Stahl W, Ruzicka T, Sies H, Lehmann P, Fritsch C. The 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrin biosynthesis in benign and malignant cells of the skin. J Photochem Photobiol B 2001; 65:29-34. [PMID: 11748002 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of neoplastic tissues 5-aminolevulinic acid is used to synthesize endogenous porphyrins as photosensitizers. The efficacy of neoplastic tissues to fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy is thought to be dependent on the total level of intralesional formed porphyrins. The available profiles of porphyrin metabolites in normal and in neoplastic cell lines after administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid vary considerably. Thus, this is the first in-vitro study which compares the porphyrin biosynthesis in normal skin cells (HaCaT, fibroblasts) with melanoma cells (Bro, SKMel-23, SKMel-28). After incubation with 1 mM 5-aminolevulinic acid, kinetics of porphyrin levels and metabolites were determined in the cells and the corresponding supernatants. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid induced porphyrin formation in all cells with maximum values after an incubation period of 16-36 h. Increase of porphyrin levels varied from 10- to 80-fold (SKMel-28>HaCaT>fibroblasts>SKMel-23>>Bro) with minimum 1.5 times higher levels of porphyrins in the supernatants than in the cells. In cells and supernatants protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin were the predominantly formed porphyrin metabolites. Metastatic melanoma cells (SKMel-23, SKMel-28) accumulated much higher porphyrin levels than primary melanoma cells (Bro). In conclusion, by optimizing the treatment modalities, especially the light source, topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) could become a treatment alternative of melanoma metastases in progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lang
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Landry M, Fritsch C. [Medical imaging of low back pain]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2001; 90:1869-1873. [PMID: 11712494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The indication for a radiological examination of a patient with low back pain by CT or MRI scans is based on age, medical history and clinical findings. The result of morphological (and possibly structural) tests should be consistent with the clinical findings. In fact, the scans often do not provide very powerful evidence. The elderly patient frequently has permanent deformations or primary or secondary malignant bone lesions and therefore requires special tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Landry
- Service de radiodiagnostic et radiologie interventionnelle, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, Lausanne
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35
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Lang K, Schulte KW, Ruzicka T, Fritsch C. Aminolevulinic acid (Levulan) in photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses. Skin Therapy Lett 2001; 6:1-2, 5. [PMID: 11685275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of in situ neoplasias and tumors of the skin is steadily increasing. Its principles of photodynamic action include an intratumoral enriched photosensitizer and light activation. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has demonstrated highest efficacy in topical PDT, and has become the most clinically useful. For actinic (solar) keratoses, topical ALA-PDT using Levulan Kerastick (20% topical solution, DUSA Pharmaceuticals) is already postulated to be the treatment of choice. In December 1999, the US FDA approved this topical product for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Levulan is well tolerated and leads to excellent cosmetic results with only minor side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lang
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Germany
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36
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Hauser B, Stiefel F, Fritsch C, Leyvraz PF, Guex P. [The health professional's approach to chronic lumbago: clinical experience at the Spinal Cord Unit at the orthopedic hospital]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 2001; 121:483-8. [PMID: 11490980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of back pain patients refers to the biopsychosocial model of care. This model includes illness in patient's personal and relational life. In this context, it is not only the physical symptom of the patient which is focused but also his psychological distress often hidden by algic complain. Clinical interviews conducted with back pain patients have highlighted psychosocial aspects able to influence the relationship between health care user and provider. Taking account of psychosocial aspects implies an interdisciplinary approach that identify and assesses patients' needs through adequate tools. As a result, the different health care providers implied with back pain patients have to collaborate in a structured network.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hauser
- Service de psychiatrie de liaison, CHUV, Lausanne
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37
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Abstract
The role of aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of in situ neoplasias and tumours of epithelial tumours is steadily increasing and it has been shown to be the drug with most clinical use in PDT. In dermatology, topical PDT with ALA is already postulated to be the treatment of choice for actinic keratoses and superficial basal cell carcinomas. In gastroenterology, pulmonology, uro- and nephrology, neurology and gynaecology ALA has an important role as a photosensitiser not only in the diagnosis of neoplastic tissue but as therapy; first experiences have been made with PDT in these organs. Besides the therapeutic efficacy of this technique, the fluorescence of ALA-induced porphyrins can be effectively used to detect and delineate epithelial and endothelial neoplasms. In dermatology, other indications for ALA-treatment are non-tumoural applications, especially psoriasis, viral-induced diseases, or acne vulgaris. ALA is an effective compound in the diagnosis or therapy of various epithelial and endothelial neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lang
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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38
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being used clinically for the treatment of skin cancers. One concept of delivering the employed photosensitizer directly to target cells is to stimulate cellular synthesis of sensitizers such as porphyrins. ALA (5-aminolevulinate) is applied as a precursor of porphyrins which then serve as endogenous photosensitizers. Upon irradiation, reactive oxygen species, predominantly singlet oxygen, are generated, leading to cell death. ALA-PDT using red light (550-750 nm) is known to lead to the activation of stress kinases, such as c-Jun-N-terminal kinase and p38. These kinases are also activated by UVA (320-400 nm), whose biological effects are mediated in part by singlet oxygen. In the present study, the efficiency of a combination of both treatment strategies, ALA-PDT and UVA, in cytotoxicity and activation of stress kinases was investigated taking human skin fibroblasts as a model. Compared with the commonly used ALA-PDT with red light (LD(50) = 13.5 J/cm(2)), UVA-ALA-PDT was 40-fold more potent in killing cultured human skin fibroblasts (LD(50) = 0.35 J/cm(2)) and still 10-fold more potent than ALA-PDT with green light (LD(50) = 4.5 J/cm(2)). Its toxicity relied on the formation of singlet oxygen, as was shown employing modulators of singlet oxygen lifetime. In line with these data, strong activation of the stress kinase p38 was obtained in ALA-pretreated cells irradiated with UVA at doses two orders of magnitude lower than necessary for a comparable activation of p38 by UVA in control cells. Taken together, these data suggest UVA-ALA-PDT as a potentially interesting new approach in the photodynamic treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Buchczyk
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Hillenkamp J, Reinhard T, Fritsch C, Kersten A, Böcking A, Sundmacher R. Ocular involvement in congenital erytropoietic porphyria (Günther's disease): cytopathological evaluation of conjunctival and corneal changes. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85:371. [PMID: 11277101 PMCID: PMC1723869 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.85.3.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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40
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Dunoyer P, Herzog E, Hemmer O, Ritzenthaler C, Fritsch C. Peanut clump virus RNA-1-encoded P15 regulates viral RNA accumulation but is not abundant at viral RNA replication sites. J Virol 2001; 75:1941-8. [PMID: 11160693 PMCID: PMC115140 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.4.1941-1948.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2000] [Accepted: 11/27/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-1 of peanut clump pecluvirus (PCV) encodes N-terminally overlapping proteins which contain helicase-like (P131) and polymerase-like (P191) domains and is able to replicate in the absence of RNA-2 in protoplasts of tobacco BY-2 cells. RNA-1 also encodes P15, which is expressed via a subgenomic RNA. To investigate the role of P15, we analyzed RNA accumulation in tobacco BY-2 protoplasts inoculated with RNA-1 containing mutations in P15. For all the mutants, the amount of progeny RNA-1 produced was significantly lower than that obtained for wild-type RNA-1. If RNA-2 was included in the inoculum, the accumulation of both progeny RNAs was diminished, but near-normal yields of both could be recovered if the inoculum was supplemented with a small, chimeric viral replicon expressing P15, demonstrating that P15 has an effect on viral RNA accumulation. To further analyze the role of P15, transcripts were produced expressing P15 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Following inoculation to protoplasts, epifluorescence microscopy revealed that P15 accumulated as spots around the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Intracellular sites of viral RNA synthesis were visualized by laser scanning confocal microscopy of infected protoplasts labeled with 5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate (BrUTP). BrUTP labeling also occurred in spots distributed within the cytoplasm and around the nucleus. However, the BrUTP-labeled RNA and EGFP/P15 very rarely colocalized, suggesting that P15 does not act primarily at sites of viral replication but intervenes indirectly to control viral accumulation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dunoyer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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41
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Rubin DC, Swietlicki EA, Iordanov H, Fritsch C, Levin MS. Novel goblet cell gene related to IgGFcgammaBP is regulated in adapting gut after small bowel resection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 279:G1003-10. [PMID: 11052998 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.5.g1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The loss of functional small bowel surface area leads to a well-described adaptive response in the remnant intestine. To elucidate its molecular regulation, a cohort of cDNAs were cloned using a rat gut resection model and subtractive/differential hybridization cloning techniques. This study reports a novel cDNA termed "ileal remnant repressed" (IRR)-219, which shares 80% nucleotide identity with the 3'end of a human intestinal IgG Fc binding protein (IgGFcgammaBP) and is homologous to human and rat mucins. IRR-219 mRNA is expressed in intestine and colon only. At 48 h after 70% intestinal resection, mRNA levels decreased two- to fivefold in the adaptive small bowel but increased two- to threefold in the colon. Expression of IRR-219 was suppressed in adaptive small bowel as late as 1 wk after resection. IRR-219 expression is also regulated during gut ontogeny. In situ hybridization revealed IRR-219 expression in small intestinal and colonic goblet cells only. Its unique patterns of expression during ontogeny and after small bowel resection suggest distinctive roles in small bowel and colonic adaptation.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Cloning, Molecular
- Colon/physiology
- DNA, Complementary
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Goblet Cells/chemistry
- Goblet Cells/physiology
- In Situ Hybridization
- Intestine, Small/cytology
- Intestine, Small/physiology
- Intestine, Small/surgery
- Male
- Membrane Proteins
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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42
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Matsuda D, Dunoyer P, Hemmer O, Fritsch C, Dreher TW. The valine anticodon and valylatability of Peanut clump virus RNAs are not essential but provide a modest competitive advantage in plants. J Virol 2000; 74:8720-5. [PMID: 10954573 PMCID: PMC116383 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.18.8720-8725.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2000] [Accepted: 06/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of valine aminoacylation of the two genomic RNAs of Peanut clump virus (PCV) was studied by comparing the amplification in vivo of RNAs with GAC, GDeltaC, or CCA anticodons in the tRNA-like structure (TLS) present at the 3' end of each viral RNA. The PCV RNA1 TLS of isolate PCV2 possesses a GAC anticodon and is capable of highly efficient valylation, whereas the RNA2 TLS has a GDeltaC anticodon that does not support valylation. The presence in RNA1 of GDeltaC or CCA anticodons that conferred nonvalylatability resulted in about 2- to 4-fold and a 14- to 24-fold reduction, respectively, in RNA accumulations in tobacco BY-2 protoplasts inoculated with the RNA1 variants together with wild-type RNA2(GDeltaC). No differences in RNA levels were observed among protoplasts inoculated with the three variant RNA2s in the presence of wild-type RNA1(GAC). All combinations of valylatable and nonvalylatable RNAs 1 and 2 were similarly infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, and viral RNAs accumulated to similar levels; all input TLS sequences were present unchanged in apical leaves. In direct competition experiments in N. benthamiana plants, however, both RNA1 and RNA2 with GAC valylatable anticodons outcompeted the nonvalylatable variants. We conclude that valylation provides a small but significant replicational advantage to both PCV RNAs. Sequence analysis of the TLS from RNA2 of a second PCV isolate, PO2A, revealed the presence of an intact GAC valine anticodon, suggesting that the differential valylation of the genomic RNAs of isolate PCV2 is not a general characteristic of PCV.
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MESH Headings
- Anticodon
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation
- Plants, Toxic
- Protoplasts/virology
- RNA Viruses/chemistry
- RNA Viruses/genetics
- RNA Viruses/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Val/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Val/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Val/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Nicotiana/virology
- Valine/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matsuda
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-3804, USA
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43
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Fritsch C, Neumann NJ, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P. [Photodiagnostic tests. 3: Fluorescence diagnosis with delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrins (FDAP) in dermatology]. Hautarzt 2000; 51:528-43; quizz 543-5. [PMID: 10969414 DOI: 10.1007/s001050051170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Fritsch
- Hautklinik der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lehmann
- Hautklinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
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45
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Hauser S, Stevens M, Mougel C, Smith HG, Fritsch C, Herrbach E, Lemaire O. Biological, serological, and molecular variability suggest three distinct polerovirus species infecting beet or rape. Phytopathology 2000; 90:460-466. [PMID: 18944550 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2000.90.5.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Yellowing diseases of sugar beet can be caused by a range of strains classified as Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) or Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), both belonging to the genus Polerovirus of the family Luteoviridae. Host range, genomic, and serological studies have shown that isolates of these viruses can be grouped into three distinct species. Within these species, the coat protein amino acid sequences are highly conserved (more than 90% homology), whereas the P0 sequences (open reading frame, ORF 0) are variable (about 30% homology). Based on these results, we propose a new classification of BMYV and BWYV into three distinct species. Two of these species are presented for the first time and are not yet recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The first species, BMYV, infects sugar beet and Capsella bursa-pastoris. The second species, Brassica yellowing virus, does not infect beet, but infects a large number of plants belonging to the genus Brassica within the family Brassicaceae. The third species, Beet chlorosis virus, infects beet and Chenopodium capitatum, but not Capsella bursa-pastoris.
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46
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Olsen J, Lefebvre O, Fritsch C, Troelsen JT, Orian-Rousseau V, Kedinger M, Simon-Assmann P. Involvement of activator protein 1 complexes in the epithelium-specific activation of the laminin gamma2-chain gene promoter by hepatocyte growth factor (scatter factor). Biochem J 2000; 347:407-17. [PMID: 10749670 PMCID: PMC1220973 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3470407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminin-5 is a trimer of laminin alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 chains that is found in the intestinal basement membrane. Deposition of the laminin gamma2 chain at the basement membrane is of great interest because it undergoes a developmental shift in its cellular expression. Here we study the regulatory elements that control basal and cytokine-activated transcriptional expression of the LAMC2 gene, which encodes the laminin gamma2 chain. By using transient transfection experiments we demonstrated the presence of constitutive and cytokine-responsive cis-elements. Comparison of the transcriptional activity of the LAMC2 promoter in the epithelial HT29mtx cells with that in small-intestinal fibroblastic cells (C20 cells) led us to conclude that two regions with constitutive epithelium-specific activity are present between positions -1.2 and -0.12 kb. This was further validated by transfections of primary foetal intestinal endoderm and mesenchyme. A 2.5 kb portion of the LAMC2 5' flanking region was equally responsive to PMA and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), whereas it was less responsive to transforming growth factor beta1. A minimal promoter limited to the initial 120 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site maintained inducibility by PMA and HGF. This short promoter fragment contains two activator protein 1 (AP-1) elements and the 5'-most of these is a composite AP-1/Sp1 element. The 5'AP-1 element is crucial to the HGF-mediated activity of the promoter; analysis of interacting nuclear proteins demonstrated that AP-1 proteins containing JunD mediate the response to HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Olsen
- INSERM U.381, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
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47
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Hehn A, Fritsch C, Richards KE, Guilley H, Jonard G. Evidence for in vitro and in vivo autocatalytic processing of the primary translation product of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA 1 by a papain-like proteinase. Arch Virol 2000; 142:1051-8. [PMID: 9191870 DOI: 10.1007/s007050050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA 1 contains a single long ORF corresponding to the theoretical translation product of 237 kDa which contains the information necessary for replication of the viral genome. This ORF contains a putative papain-like proteinase domain which has been localized, on the basis of sequence alignments, between the helicase and polymerase domains. Here we show that the RNA 1 primary translation product can be cleaved autocatalytically in vitro into two species of 150 kDa and 66 kDa, the latter of which probably contains the entire polymerase domain. A 66 kDa protein was detected immunologically in infected C. quinoa protoplasts using an antiserum specific for the C-terminal region of the RNA 1 primary translation product, confirming that processing also occurs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hehn
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Strasbourg, France
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48
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Abstract
B-mode ultrasonic imaging requires that the acquired polar coordinate ultrasound data be converted to the Cartesian format used by digital monitors. Image quality depends on the interpolation algorithm used to this purpose. In this work a selective sampling technique, based on acquiring data at specific points of the scanned area together with a straightforward linear interpolation step, is proposed. Hardware complexity is avoided, because the interpolation task can be carried out by software in real time, concurrently with data acquisition. The performances of the proposed approach are analysed with regard to those provided by other algorithms and some implementation issues are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fritsch
- Instituto de Automatica Industrial, Madrid, Spain.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Neumann
- Hautklinik der Heine-Heinrich-Universität Düsseldorf
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50
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Aminian K, Rezakhanlou K, De Andres E, Fritsch C, Leyvraz PF, Robert P. Temporal feature estimation during walking using miniature accelerometers: an analysis of gait improvement after hip arthroplasty. Med Biol Eng Comput 1999; 37:686-91. [PMID: 10723873 DOI: 10.1007/bf02513368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the detection of gait cycle phases using only two miniature accelerometers together with a light, portable digital recorder is proposed. Each subject is asked to walk on a walkway at his/her own preferred speed. Gait analysis was performed using an original method of computing the values of temporal parameters from accelerometer signals. First, to validate the accelerometric method, measurements are taken on a group of healthy subjects. No significant differences are observed between the results thus obtained and those from pressure sensors attached under the foot. Then, measurements using only accelerometers are performed on a group of 12 patients with unilateral hip osteo-arthritis. The gait analysis is carried out just before hip arthroplasty and again, three, six and nine months afterwards. A mean decrease of 88% of asymmetry of stance time and especially a mean decrease of 250% of asymmetry of double support time are observed, nine months after the operation. These results confirm the validity of the proposed method for healthy subjects and its efficiency for functional evaluation of gait improvement after arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aminian
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Metrology Laboratory, Switzerland.
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