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Moriceau L, Jomat L, Bressanelli S, Alcaide-Loridan C, Jupin I. Identification and Molecular Characterization of the Chloroplast Targeting Domain of Turnip yellow mosaic virus Replication Proteins. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2138. [PMID: 29312393 PMCID: PMC5742235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a positive-strand RNA virus infecting plants. The TYMV 140K replication protein is a key organizer of viral replication complex (VRC) assembly, being responsible for recruitment of the viral polymerase and for targeting the VRCs to the chloroplast envelope where viral replication takes place. However, the structural requirements determining the subcellular localization and membrane association of this essential viral protein have not yet been defined. In this study, we investigated determinants for the in vivo chloroplast targeting of the TYMV 140K replication protein. Subcellular localization studies of deletion mutants identified a 41-residue internal sequence as the chloroplast targeting domain (CTD) of TYMV 140K; this sequence is sufficient to target GFP to the chloroplast envelope. The CTD appears to be located in the C-terminal extension of the methyltransferase domain-a region shared by 140K and its mature cleavage product 98K, which behaves as an integral membrane protein during infection. We predicted the CTD to fold into two amphipathic α-helices-a folding that was confirmed in vitro by circular dichroism spectroscopy analyses of a synthetic peptide. The importance for subcellular localization of the integrity of these amphipathic helices, and the function of 140K/98K, was demonstrated by performing amino acid substitutions that affected chloroplast targeting, membrane association and viral replication. These results establish a short internal α-helical peptide as an unusual signal for targeting proteins to the chloroplast envelope membrane, and provide new insights into membrane targeting of viral replication proteins-a universal feature of positive-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Moriceau
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud – Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Lucile Jomat
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bressanelli
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud – Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Alcaide-Loridan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Jupin
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Isabelle Jupin,
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Ghislin S, Obino D, Middendorp S, Boggetto N, Alcaide-Loridan C, Deshayes F. LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression induced during melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture favors the transendothelial migration of melanoma cell lines in vitro. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:455. [PMID: 23039186 PMCID: PMC3495854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor median rate of survival. It is therefore necessary to increase our knowledge about melanoma cell dissemination which includes extravasation, where cancer cells cross the endothelial barrier. Extravasation is well understood during travelling of white blood cells, and involves integrins such as LFA-1 (composed of two chains, CD11a and CD18) expressed by T cells, while ICAM-1 is induced during inflammation by endothelial cells. Although melanoma cell lines cross endothelial cell barriers, they do not express LFA-1. We therefore hypothesized that melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture might induce the LFA-1/ICAM ligand/receptor couple during melanoma transmigration. Methods A transwell approach has been used as well as blocking antibodies against CD11a, CD18 and ICAM-1. Data were analyzed with an epifluorescence microscope. Fluorescence intensity was quantified with the ImageJ software. Results We show here that HUVEC-conditioned medium induce cell-surface expression of LFA-1 on melanoma cell lines. Similarly melanoma-conditioned medium activates ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Accordingly blocking antibodies of ICAM-1, CD11a or CD18 strongly decrease melanoma transmigration. We therefore demonstrate that melanoma cells can cross endothelial monolayers in vitro due to the induction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 occurring during the co-culture of melanoma and endothelial cells. Our data further suggest a role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in the formation of melanoma cell clumps enhancing tumor cell transmigration. Conclusion Melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture induces LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression, thereby favoring in vitro melanoma trans-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ghislin
- Team Regulation des Reponses Immunitaires, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75205, France
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Ghislin S, Deshayes F, Middendorp S, Boggetto N, Alcaide-Loridan C. PHF19 and Akt control the switch between proliferative and invasive states in melanoma. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1634-45. [PMID: 22487681 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma tumor cells shift between proliferative and invasive states based on their plasticity and microenvironmental conditions. Our team has shown that melanoma cells, grown as spheroids in a neural cell crest medium, polarize toward an invasive phenotype, characterized by a higher motility, a poor proliferation rate and a gain of pluripotency gene expression (Nanog and Oct4) when compared with cells grown in two dimensions in a serum-contaning medium. In agreement with the phenotypic switching hypothesis, most of these features are reversible. Microarray studies comparing two- vs. three-dimensional cultures revealed the downregulation of a polycomb-like protein, PHF19 (PHD finger protein 19), in the spheroids. As Polycomb proteins are involved in the epigenetic control of gene expression, we hypothesized that PHF19 might play a role in the switch between proliferative and invasive phenotypes. In this report, we show that PHF19 silencing reduces the cell proliferation rate and increases the transendothelial migration capacities of melanoma cell lines. However, PHF19 does not modulate the transcription level of Oct4 and Nanog. In the search of an upstream transcriptional regulator of the above genes, we identified the Akt signaling cascade as an inhibitor of Oct4 and Nanog expression and an activator for PHF19 expression. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation, we further provide evidence that phospho-Akt is part of the transcriptional complex associated to the promoters of all three genes. Our data therefore indicate the role of PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ghislin
- Team Regulation des Reponses Immunitaires, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Borrull A, Ghislin S, Deshayes F, Lauriol J, Alcaide-Loridan C, Middendorp S. Nanog and Oct4 overexpression increases motility and transmigration of melanoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1145-54. [PMID: 22406932 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma tumors are highly heterogeneous and can undergo phenotypic modifications depending on their plasticity and the microenvironment, with shifts between proliferative and invasive states. We have shown that melanoma cells, grown as spheroids in a neural crest cell medium, polarize toward an invasive and motile phenotype, in agreement with transcriptomic modulations, including the up-regulation of Nanog and Oct4. Overexpression of these genes was shown to be associated with poor prognosis and metastatic forms of some cancers. We thus investigated implication of Nanog and Oct4, two embryonic transcription factors, in melanoma motility. METHODS Our team used stable transfection of Nanog or Oct4 in A375 melanoma cell line to investigate motility in a wound healing assay and a transendothelial migration assay. Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, expression of two gene panels involved either in mesenchymal motility or in amoeboid migration was studied. RESULTS Strongly enhanced capacities of motility and extravasation were observed with cells overexpressing Oct4 and Nanog. The A375 cell line has been described as having a mesenchymal migration type. However, in the Oct4 and Nanog transfectants, several amoeboid migration markers are strongly induced. Accordingly, amoeboid migration inhibitors decrease significantly the transmigration of Oct4- and Nanog-expressing cells through endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose here that Nanog and Oct4 pluripotency marker expression in melanoma cells increases the transmigration capacity of these cells through the gain of amoeboid motility, leading to higher invasiveness and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Borrull
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Hasmim M, Noman MZ, Lauriol J, Benlalam H, Mallavialle A, Rosselli F, Mami-Chouaib F, Alcaide-Loridan C, Chouaib S. Hypoxia-dependent inhibition of tumor cell susceptibility to CTL-mediated lysis involves NANOG induction in target cells. J Immunol 2011; 187:4031-9. [PMID: 21911602 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major feature of the solid tumor microenvironment and is known to be associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome. Recently, we reported that hypoxia protects human non-small cell lung tumor cells from specific lysis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and inducing STAT3 phosphorylation. In this study, we show that NANOG, a transcription factor associated with stem cell self renewal, is a new mediator of hypoxia-induced resistance to specific lysis. Our data indicate that under hypoxic conditions, NANOG is induced at both transcriptional and translational levels. Knockdown of the NANOG gene in hypoxic tumor cells is able to significantly attenuate hypoxia-induced tumor resistance to CTL-dependent killing. Such knockdown correlates with an increase of target cell death and an inhibition of hypoxia-induced delay of DNA replication in these cells. Interestingly, NANOG depletion results in inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that hypoxia-induced NANOG plays a critical role in tumor cell response to hypoxia and promotes tumor cell resistance to Ag-specific lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Hasmim
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 753, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Ghislin S, Obino D, Middendorp S, Boggetto N, Alcaide-Loridan C, Deshayes F. Junctional adhesion molecules are required for melanoma cell lines transendothelial migration in vitro. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:504-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramgolam K, Lauriol J, Lalou C, Lauden L, Michel L, de la Grange P, Khatib AM, Aoudjit F, Charron D, Alcaide-Loridan C, Al-Daccak R. Melanoma spheroids grown under neural crest cell conditions are highly plastic migratory/invasive tumor cells endowed with immunomodulator function. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18784. [PMID: 21526207 PMCID: PMC3078142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aggressiveness of melanoma tumors is likely to rely on their well-recognized heterogeneity and plasticity. Melanoma comprises multi-subpopulations of cancer cells some of which may possess stem cell-like properties. Although useful, the sphere-formation assay to identify stem cell-like or tumor initiating cell subpopulations in melanoma has been challenged, and it is unclear if this model can predict a functional phenotype associated with aggressive tumor cells. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed the molecular and functional phenotypes of melanoma spheroids formed in neural crest cell medium. Whether from metastatic or advanced primary tumors, spheroid cells expressed melanoma-associated markers. They displayed higher capacity to differentiate along mesenchymal lineages and enhanced expression of SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and/or OCT4 transcription factors, but not enhanced self-renewal or tumorigenicity when compared to their adherent counterparts. Gene expression profiling attributed a neural crest cell signature to these spheroids and indicated that a migratory/invasive and immune-function modulating program could be associated with these cells. In vitro assays confirmed that spheroids display enhanced migratory/invasive capacities. In immune activation assays, spheroid cells elicited a poorer allogenic response from immune cells and inhibited mitogen-dependent T cells activation and proliferation more efficiently than their adherent counterparts. Our findings reveal a novel immune-modulator function of melanoma spheroids and suggest specific roles for spheroids in invasion and in evasion of antitumor immunity. Conclusion/Significance The association of a more plastic, invasive and evasive, thus a more aggressive tumor phenotype with melanoma spheroids reveals a previously unrecognized aspect of tumor cells expanded as spheroid cultures. While of limited efficiency for melanoma initiating cell identification, our melanoma spheroid model predicted aggressive phenotype and suggested that aggressiveness and heterogeneity of melanoma tumors can be supported by subpopulations other than cancer stem cells. Therefore, it could be constructive to investigate melanoma aggressiveness, relevant to patients and clinical transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Ramgolam
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Lauriol
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMRS 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Claude Lalou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laura Lauden
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Michel
- UMRS976, INSERM, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Pierre de la Grange
- GenoSplice Technology, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Charron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigations Biomédicales-Hématologie, Oncologie et Greffes (CIB-HOG), Hôpital St Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Alcaide-Loridan
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMRS 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Chetoui N, Sylla K, Gagnon-Houde JV, Alcaide-Loridan C, Charron D, Al-Daccak R, Aoudjit F. Down-regulation of mcl-1 by small interfering RNA sensitizes resistant melanoma cells to fas-mediated apoptosis. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:42-52. [PMID: 18234961 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of malignant melanoma cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis is among the mechanisms by which they escape immune surveillance. However, the mechanisms contributing to their resistance are not completely understood, and it is still unclear whether antiapoptotic Bcl-2-related family proteins play a role in this resistance. In this study, we report that treatment of Fas-resistant melanoma cell lines with cycloheximide, a general inhibitor of de novo protein synthesis, sensitizes them to anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (mAb)-induced apoptosis. The cycloheximide-induced sensitization to Fas-induced apoptosis is associated with a rapid down-regulation of Mcl-1 protein levels, but not that of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. Targeting Mcl-1 in these melanoma cell lines with specific small interfering RNA was sufficient to sensitize them to both anti-Fas mAb-induced apoptosis and activation of caspase-9. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Mcl-1 in a Fas-sensitive melanoma cell line rescues the cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Our results further show that the expression of Mcl-1 in melanoma cells is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and not by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway. Inhibition of ERK signaling with the mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase-1 inhibitor or by expressing a dominant negative form of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase-1 also sensitizes resistant melanoma cells to anti-Fas mAb-induced apoptosis. Thus, our study identifies mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK/Mcl-1 as an important survival signaling pathway in the resistance of melanoma cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis and suggests that its targeting may contribute to the elimination of melanoma tumors by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Chetoui
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, CHUQ Pavillon CHUL, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Doisne JM, Castaigne JG, Deruyffelaere C, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Chamot C, Alcaide-Loridan C, Charron D, Al-Daccak R. The context of HLA-DR/CD18 complex in the plasma membrane governs HLA-DR-derived signals in activated monocytes. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:709-18. [PMID: 17719638 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HLA-DR-derived signals in activated monocytes mediate both pro-inflammatory cytokine production and caspase-independent death, and have been postulated to play a role in inflammation and in its resolution, respectively. Herein, using the monocytic/macrophagic human cell line THP-1 primed with IFNgamma (IFNgamma-primed THP-1), we investigated how HLA-DR may integrate both signals. Our inhibition studies demonstrated that if cell death is dependent on PKCbeta activation, the induction of TNFalpha gene expression relies on PTK activation, in particular the Src family of kinases, but both cell responses implicate the beta2-integrin CD18. Accordingly, sequential immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that following engagement of HLA-DR on IFNgamma-primed THP-1 cells, the HLA-DR/CD18 complex physically associates with PKCbeta and with PTK. Pharmacological disruption of lipid rafts microdomains abolished the assembly of HLA-DR/CD18/PTK signaling complex, HLA-DR-mediated tyrosine activation, and the PTK-dependent TNFalpha expression in IFNgamma-primed THP-1 cells. In contrast, HLA-DR/CD18/PKCbeta complex was still formed and able to mediate cell death after cholesterol depletion of these cells. These results indicate that while the integrity of lipid rafts is necessary for the transduction of cytokine gene expression through the HLA-DR/CD18 complex, it is not necessary for the induction of the HLA-DR/CD18-dependent cell death. Thus, our study provides experimental evidence indicating the compartmentalization of HLA-DR/CD18 complex within or outside lipid rafts as a mechanism through which HLA-DR can integrate both PTK and PKCbeta signals leading to activation and death, respectively, of activated monocytes. This might provide new insights into how MHC class II signaling may regulate inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Doisne
- INSERM U662, Réponses Immunes: Régulation et Développement, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 Av Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
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Martins I, Deshayes F, Baton F, Forget A, Ciechomska I, Sylla K, Aoudjit F, Charron D, Al-Daccak R, Alcaide-Loridan C. Pathologic expression of MHC class II is driven by mitogen-activated protein kinases. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:788-97. [PMID: 17304627 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The class II transactivator (CIITA) is the master regulator of MHC class II molecules (MHC II). In melanoma, the MHC II are constitutively expressed due to an abnormal transcription of CIITA from its promoter III (pIII), and requires the presence of a 1-kb enhancer located upstream from this latter. Since mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been shown to be activated in most melanomas, we sought to analyze their possible involvement in CIITA expression. Using chemical inhibitors and dominant-negative constructs of MAPK-ERK kinase (Mek1) and MAPK-JNK, we evidenced the inhibition of MHC II and CIITA expression in melanoma cell lines displaying activated MAPK. Transcriptional regulation by MAPK is known to involve the AP-1 transcription factor family. Sequence analysis revealed an AP-1-responsive motif in the enhancer of CIITA pIII at -5954/-5947 from the site of transcription initiation. Its mutagenesis reduced CIITA expression four- to fivefold in melanoma cell lines and alleviated the effect of dominant-negative constructs of the MAPK pathway. Together, our findings demonstrate that MAPK-ERK and MAPK-JNK are regulators of CIITA transcription in melanoma, and pinpoint an AP-1-responsive site in the CIITA gene pIII. This should have considerable impact on our understanding of the physio-pathologic expression of MHC II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Martins
- INSERM U662, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, University Paris 7, Hopital St Louis, Paris, France
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Baton F, Deruyffelaere C, Chapin M, Prod'homme T, Charron D, Al-Daccak R, Alcaide-Loridan C. Class II transactivator (CIITA) isoform expression and activity in melanoma. Melanoma Res 2004; 14:453-61. [PMID: 15577315 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200412000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In contrast with melanocytes, melanomas display constitutive expression of HLA-DR (HLA-DR+). This abnormal expression has been associated with tumour progression and metastatic dissemination. We have previously reported that this deregulation of HLA-D genes is due to the abnormal constitutive expression of the lymphocyte-specific isoform of class II transactivator (B-CIITA), in addition to its fibroblast form (F-CIITA), which is usually expressed in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-negative interferon-gamma-induced cell types, such as melanocytes. In this study, we investigated the abnormal expression of B-CIITA in a panel of melanoma cell lines displaying differential HLA-DR expression profiles, and analysed whether such a molecular event can participate in tumour progression. Our results showed that the abnormal expression of B-CIITA did not have any particular effect, in comparison with F-CIITA, on the classical activity of CIITA HLA-D gene regulation. As CIITA has also been shown to regulate genes other than HLA-D, we evaluated the modulation of those encoding cyclin D1, YARS (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) and TRIP1 (transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor-interacting protein), proteins involved in cell cycle/apoptosis balance, angiogenesis and resistance to TGF-beta, respectively. In contrast with other cell types, neither B-CIITA nor F-CIITA was able to modulate these genes in melanoma cell lines. Thus, the activity of CIITA, whether lymphocyte-specific or fibroblast-specific, is restricted to HLA-D gene expression in these tumours. Accordingly, our data suggest that CIITA is not involved per se in tumour progression; rather, it is the MHC class II molecules themselves, through tumour antigen presentation and the induction of tumour antigen-specific CD4 lymphocyte anergy, that may participate in immune escape and melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Baton
- INSERM U396, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Aoudjit F, Guo W, Gagnon-Houde JV, Castaigne JG, Alcaide-Loridan C, Charron D, Al-Daccak R. HLA-DR signaling inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis in A375 melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2004; 299:79-90. [PMID: 15302575 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Revised: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although melanocytes are devoid of the human major histocompatibility complex class II (HLA II) molecules, melanomas often display constitutive expression of these molecules, particularly HLA-DR. This constitutive expression of HLA-DR molecules is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis but the molecular basis for this association remains poorly understood. Within the hypothesis of a role in immune escape, we analyzed the regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by HLA-DR signaling in the HLA-DR-positive malignant melanoma cell line A375. Our study demonstrates that engagement of HLA-DR molecules with anti-HLA-DR-specific monoclonal antibody L243 significantly reduces Fas-mediated apoptosis; DNA fragmentation and cell death were decreased by 50% and 40%, respectively. We found that while HLA-DR signaling does not affect Fas receptor expression, it significantly reduces Fas-induced activation of caspase-8 and Bid. Furthermore, inhibition studies and expression of dominant negative form of Mek-1 demonstrated that HLA-DR-mediated inhibition of caspase-8/Bid activation and apoptosis are dependent on the activation of the MAPK/Erk pathway. Together, our results provide evidence that HLA-DR signaling activates the MAPK/Erk pathway in A375 melanoma cells, which has a functional role in the resistance of these cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. These observations underline the potential importance that HLA-DR signaling might have in melanoma immune escape and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
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Prod'homme T, Drénou B, De Ruyffelaere C, Barbieri G, Wiszniewski W, Bastard C, Charron D, Alcaide-Loridan C. Defective class II transactivator expression in a B lymphoma cell line. Leukemia 2004; 18:832-40. [PMID: 14973505 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of MHC class II expression in B-cell lymphoma has been associated with a higher tumorigenicity resulting from lower titers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This report aims towards the identification of the molecular mechanism leading to defective MHC class II expression in a B-cell lymphoma cell line, Rec-1. We evidenced a coordinated alteration of HLA-D gene transcription, reminiscent of B lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with MHC class II deficiency. Genetic complementation performed between these cell lines and the lymphoma cells indicated that Rec-1 is altered in the MHC2TA gene. MHC2TA encodes the class II transactivator (CIITA), the master regulator of HLA-D gene expression. However, the coding sequence of the Rec-1 CIITA transcript did not reveal any mutation that could hamper the activity of the encoded protein. In agreement with the genetic complementation analysis, we evidenced a highly residual CIITA protein expression in the Rec-1 cell line resulting from a transcriptional defect affecting MHC2TA expression. Anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody treatment has proved efficient in the destruction of B lymphoma cells. Our data indicate that the appearance of variants losing CIITA, and thereby HLA-DR, expression will require a thorough monitoring during such immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prod'homme
- INSERM U396, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Prod'homme T, Dekel B, Barbieri G, Lisowska-Grospierre B, Katz R, Charron D, Alcaide-Loridan C, Pollack S. Splicing defect in RFXANK results in a moderate combined immunodeficiency and long-duration clinical course. Immunogenetics 2003; 55:530-9. [PMID: 14574520 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-003-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Revised: 08/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MHC class II deficiency provokes a severe immunodeficiency characterized by a lack of antigen-specific immune response. In the absence of bone marrow transplantation (the only curative treatment), patients affected by this genetic recessive disease die in early childhood. However, others and we have recently described cases of mild or asymptomatic immunodeficiencies with defects in either CIITA (class II transactivator) or RFX5, both proteins required for the transcription of HLA-D genes. We describe in this report the first case of moderate immunodeficiency resulting from a defect in RFXANK, another transcription factor essential for HLA-D expression. The patient did not display any detectable expression of MHC class II molecules on B lymphocytes, monocytes or activated T lymphocytes. Accordingly HLA-D transcription was altered in the corresponding B-lymphoblastoid cell line. The defect in RFXANK was observed both at the transcript and protein level. Indeed a homozygous IVS4+5G>A mutation was evidenced in RFXANK, and shown to hamper the splicing of intron 4. However, we had shown previously that a defect in intron 4 can lead to the skipping of exon 4, and that the resulting truncated protein retains the capacity to activate HLA-DR expression. Therefore, like the two cases of moderate immunodeficiencies described previously, we demonstrate that the RFXANK defect presented here is coherent with a residual activity of the mutant protein. We thus propose that the common feature displayed by mildly immunodeficient patients is the leakiness of the mutations, which might allow a local or temporal expression of MHC class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Prod'homme
- INSERM U396, Centre de Recherches Biomedicales des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France
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Wiszniewski W, Fondaneche MC, Le Deist F, Kanariou M, Selz F, Brousse N, Steimle V, Barbieri G, Alcaide-Loridan C, Charron D, Fischer A, Lisowska-Grospierre B. Mutation in the class II trans-activator leading to a mild immunodeficiency. J Immunol 2001; 167:1787-94. [PMID: 11466404 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The expression of MHC class II molecules is essential for all Ag-dependent immune functions and is regulated at the transcriptional level. Four trans-acting proteins control the coordinate expression of MHC class II molecules: class II trans-activator (CIITA), regulatory factor binding to the X box (RFX)-associated protein; RFX protein containing ankyrin repeats, and RFX5. In humans, defects in these genes result in MHC class II expression deficiency and cause combined immunodeficiency. Most patients with this deficiency suffer from severe recurrent infections that frequently lead to death during early childhood. We investigated three sisters, now ages 21, 22, and 24 years, in whom MHC-II deficiency was detected. Even though the eldest sibling was asymptomatic and the other two had only mild immunodeficiency, none of the three class II isotypes was expressed on T cell blasts, fibroblasts, EBV B cell lines, or epidermal dendritic cells. Residual HLA-II expression was detected in fresh PBMC. Somatic complementation identified the disease as CIITA deficiency. A homozygous T1524C (L469P) substitution was found in the coding region of the CIITA cDNA and was shown to be responsible for the defect in MHC-II expression. This missense mutation prevents the normal functioning of MHC-II but does not lead to the nuclear exclusion of the L469P CIITA. Transfection experiments demonstrated that the CIITA L469P mutant had residual MHC class II trans activation activity, which might explain the unusual clinical course of the patients studied. This study shows that an attenuated clinical phenotype or an asymptomatic clinical course can be observed in patients despite a profound defect in the expression of MHC class II genes. The frequency of the inherited MHC class II deficiency might thus be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wiszniewski
- Unité 429 and Department d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Necker, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Blouin JL, Aurias A, Créau-Goldberg N, Apiou F, Alcaide-Loridan C, Bruel A, Prieur M, Kraus J, Delabar JM, Sinet PM. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of a de novo tandem duplication of chromosome 21. Hum Genet 1991; 88:167-74. [PMID: 1684564 DOI: 10.1007/bf00206066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have characterised by cytogenetic and molecular analysis a de novo tandem duplication of chromosome 21. High resolution chromosome examination of lymphocytes revealed the following karyotype in 90% of the cells: 46,XY,dir dup (21)(pter----q22.300::q11.205----qter). Of these cells, 10% showed a normal karyotype. Gene dosage of chromosome 21 sequences by a slot blot method indicated that the duplication extends from D21S16 to D21S55. In situ hybridization with probes close to the borders of the duplicated segment confirmed the gene dosage data and gave results consistent with a true tandem duplication of chromosome 21. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the patient's DNA showed an abnormal restriction band common to D21S55 and D21S16, confirming that the junction point between the two homologous parts of the tandem chromosome brings these two sequences into proximity. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated that the abnormal chromosome was maternal in origin and that the rearrangement of chromosome 21 could not have occurred at a post-zygotic stage of development but resulted from a recombination event during maternal gametogenesis. The possible mechanisms of formation of the abnormal chromosome are discussed, as is the presence of cells with normal chromosomes 21, in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Blouin
- URA 1335 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Abstract
The human interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR1) gene has been localized by in situ hybridization to chromosome 6 at q23-q24. This chromosomal region is often deleted in lymphoid cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Le Coniat
- Unité INSERM U. 301 and SDI No. 15954 I CNRS, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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Bono MR, Benech P, Couillin P, Alcaide-Loridan C, Grisard MC, Jouin H, Fischer DG, Fellous M. Characterization of human IFN-gamma response using somatic cell hybrids of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin. Somat Cell Mol Genet 1989; 15:513-23. [PMID: 2556800 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A panel of 27 rodent-human somatic cell hybrids composed of cells of hematopoietic (nonadherent cells) and nonhematopoietic origin (adherent cells) was used to identify the chromosomes involved in the biological response to human IFN-gamma (Hu-IFN-gamma). We found that the stimulation of class-I histocompatibility antigen expression correlates with the presence of human chromosomes 6 and 21 in adherent cell hybrids, while human chromosome 6 alone is sufficient in nonadherent hybrids. Scatchard analysis of the binding of radiolabeled Hu-IFN-gamma to nonadherent cell hybrids gave a Kd value similar to that found on human cell lines. Induction of a reporter gene placed under the transcriptional control of the interferon responsive sequence (IRS) in adherent cell hybrids requires both chromosomes 6 and 21. The antiviral protection by Hu-IFN-gamma in adherent cell hybrids was reached at physiological doses (2 units/ml) when human chromosomes 6 and 21 were present, while higher doses of Hu-IFN-gamma (5000 units/ml) were required for hybrids lacking chromosome 21. Thus, we demonstrate that differences exit in the response to Hu-IFN-gamma depending on the origin of the cell type.
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