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Lievens C, Pucker AD, Rayborn E, Kannarr S, Bickle K, Hogan C, Franklin QX, Christensen M. Refitting contact lens dropouts into a modern daily disposable contact lens. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:686-692. [PMID: 38433496 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the number of previous contact lens (CL) wearers who could be comfortably refitted into delefilcon A (DAILIES TOTAL1®) CLs. METHODS This was a 6-month, three-visit study that recruited subjects who discontinued CLs within the past 2 years because of discomfort or dryness symptoms. Subjects were required to have Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire scores ≤3 and to be able to wear spherical study CLs. Subjects were asked to complete a ±50 comfort visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1 month and a Likert questionnaire after 1 and 6 months of CL wear to understand the subjects' CL experience. RESULTS All 60 subjects who were fitted with the study CLs were still wearing them after 1 month, while one subject had dropped out by 6 months. Subjects had a median (interquartile range) age of 24.0 (7.0) years (71.7% female). They reported a median VAS score of 44.0 (8.0) units at the 1-month visit, with all reporting a comfortable score. At the 1-month/6-month visits, 98.3%/93.2%, 86.5%/78.0% and 93.2%/91.5% of subjects responded that they were very satisfied or satisfied with their vision, their end-of-day CL comfort and overall CL comfort, respectively. The same subjects responded that they were very likely or likely to continue to wear the study CLs at 1 (89.6%) and 6 months (80.7%) and to recommend the study CLs to a friend at 1 (98.3%) and 6 months (93.2%). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that when encountering a CL dropout, a practitioner could educate a patient about trying an alternative CL and consider delefilcon A lenses as an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Lievens
- Southern College of Optometry, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew D Pucker
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elyse Rayborn
- Southern College of Optometry, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Quentin X Franklin
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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2
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Williams JS, Higgins AT, Stott KJ, Thomas C, Farrell L, Bonnet CS, Peneva S, Derrick AV, Hay T, Wang T, Morgan C, Dwyer S, D'Ambrogio J, Hogan C, Smalley MJ, Parry L, Dyson P. Enhanced bacterial cancer therapy delivering therapeutic RNA interference of c-Myc. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:38. [PMID: 38521952 PMCID: PMC10961001 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial cancer therapy was first trialled in patients at the end of the nineteenth century. More recently, tumour-targeting bacteria have been harnessed to deliver plasmid-expressed therapeutic interfering RNA to a range of solid tumours. A major limitation to clinical translation of this is the short-term nature of RNA interference in vivo due to plasmid instability. To overcome this, we sought to develop tumour-targeting attenuated bacteria that stably express shRNA by virtue of integration of an expression cassette within the bacterial chromosome and demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The attenuated tumour targeting Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 strain was modified to carry chromosomally integrated shRNA expression cassettes at the xylA locus. The colorectal cancer cell lines SW480, HCT116 and breast cancer cell line MCF7 were used to demonstrate the ability of these modified strains to perform intracellular infection and deliver effective RNA and protein knockdown of the target gene c-Myc. In vivo therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated using the Lgr5creERT2Apcflx/flx and BlgCreBrca2flx/flp53flx/flx orthotopic immunocompetent mouse models of colorectal and breast cancer, respectively. In vitro co-cultures of breast and colorectal cancer cell lines with modified SL7207 demonstrated a significant 50-95% (P < 0.01) reduction in RNA and protein expression with SL7207/c-Myc targeted strains. In vivo, following establishment of tumour tissue, a single intra-peritoneal administration of 1 × 106 CFU of SL7207/c-Myc was sufficient to permit tumour colonisation and significantly extend survival with no overt toxicity in control animals. CONCLUSIONS In summary we have demonstrated that tumour tropic bacteria can be modified to safely deliver therapeutic levels of gene knockdown. This technology has the potential to specifically target primary and secondary solid tumours with personalised therapeutic payloads, providing new multi-cancer detection and treatment options with minimal off-target effects. Further understanding of the tropism mechanisms and impact on host immunity and microbiome is required to progress to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Williams
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Adam T Higgins
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Katie J Stott
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Carly Thomas
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lydia Farrell
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Cleo S Bonnet
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Severina Peneva
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Anna V Derrick
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Trevor Hay
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Tianqi Wang
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Claire Morgan
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sarah Dwyer
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Joshua D'Ambrogio
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lee Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Paul Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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McCarthy SE, Hogan C, Jenkins L, Schwanberg L, Williams DJ, Mellon L, Walsh A, Keane T, Rafter N. Videos of simulated after action reviews: a training resource to support social and inclusive learning from patient safety events. BMJ Open Qual 2023; 12:e002270. [PMID: 37553274 PMCID: PMC10414102 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovation in the education and training of healthcare staff is required to support complementary approaches to learning from patient safety and everyday events in healthcare. Debriefing is a commonly used learning tool in healthcare education but not in clinical practice. Little is known about how to implement debriefing as an approach to safety learning across a health system. After action review (AAR) is a debriefing approach designed to help groups come to a shared mental model about what happened, why it happened and to identify learning and improvement. This paper describes a digital-based implementation strategy adapted to the Irish healthcare system to promote AAR uptake. The digital strategy aims to assist implementation of national level incident management policies and was collaboratively developed by the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and the National Quality and Patient Safety Directorate of the Health Service Executive. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a well-established in-person AAR training programme was disrupted and this led to the development of a series of open access videos on AAR facilitation skills (which accompany the online version of this paper). These provide: (1) an introduction to the AAR facilitation process; (2) a simulation of a facilitated formal AAR; (3) techniques for handling challenging situations that may arise in an AAR and a (4) reflection on the benefits of the AAR process. These have the potential to be used widely to support learning from patient safety and everyday events including excellent care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán E McCarthy
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Hogan
- National Quality and Patient Safety Directorate, Office of the Chief Clinical Officer, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Loretta Jenkins
- National Quality and Patient Safety Directorate, Office of the Chief Clinical Officer, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Schwanberg
- National Quality and Patient Safety Directorate, Office of the Chief Clinical Officer, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Williams
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Mellon
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Theresa Keane
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natasha Rafter
- Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Logan A, Pucker AD, Franklin Q, McGwin G, Hogan C, Kelley LR, Christensen M, Brafford R, Lievens C. Determining initial ocular comfort differences between 0.7% olopatadine and 0.035% ketotifen fumarate. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2023; 46:101769. [PMID: 36195538 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2022.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the ocular comfort at application of topical, over-the-counter, 0.7% olopatadine and 0.035% ketotifen fumarate anti-allergy eye drops. METHODS This study recruited participants who were minimally symptomatic based upon Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire scores (≤3 units) and who had minimal between-eye inter-ocular comfort differences as judged by visual analog scale scores (VAS; ≤7 units). Baseline comfort was evaluated by eye with a VAS. One drop of 0.7% olopatadine or 0.035% ketotifen fumarate was then applied to the right eye with the alternative drop being immediately applied to the left eye. Participants were next evaluated with the same comfort VAS by eye at drop application, and then at 30 s, 1 min, and 2 min post-application. LogMAR visual acuities and bulbar conjunctival redness were evaluated pre- and post-drop application to judge initial changes. RESULTS This study enrolled 159 participants who had a mean ± SD age of 26.3 ± 7.7 years, and 78.6% of the participants were female. The VAS found that the 0.7% olopatadine drop was more comfortable than the 0.035% ketotifen fumarate drop at all time-points. There were no between-eye differences in LogMAR visual acuities, yet bulbar redness was significantly less in 0.7% olopatadine treated eyes compared 0.035% ketotifen fumarate treated eyes. CONCLUSION This study found that topically applied 0.7% olopatadine drops were initially more comfortable than 0.035% ketotifen fumarate drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Logan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew D Pucker
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Quentin Franklin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gerald McGwin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | | | - Randy Brafford
- Southern College of Optometry, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chris Lievens
- Southern College of Optometry, Memphis, TN, United States
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5
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Lievens C, Pucker AD, McGwin G, Logan A, Franklin Q, Brafford R, Hogan C, Kelley LR, Christensen M. Understanding ocular comfort differences between 0.7% olopatadine and 0.3% pheniramine maleate/0.025% naphazoline hydrochloride eye drops. Clin Exp Optom 2022:1-5. [DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2090231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D. Pucker
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy Logan
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Quentin Franklin
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Woolley TE, Hill W, Hogan C. Accounting for dimensional differences in stochastic domain invasion with applications to precancerous cell removal. J Theor Biol 2022; 541:111024. [PMID: 35108550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We consider a specific form of domain invasion that is an abstraction of pancreatic tissue eliminating precancerous mutant cells through juxtacrine signalling. The model is explored discretely, continuously, stochastically and deterministically, highlighting unforeseen nonlinear dependencies on the dimension of the solution domain. Specifically, stochastically simulated populations invade with a dimension dependent wave speed that can be over twice as fast as their deterministic analogues. Although the wave speed can be analytically derived in the cases of small domains, the probabilistic state space grows exponentially and, thus, we use numeric simulation and curve fitting to predict limiting dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Woolley
- Cardiff School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK.
| | - William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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Hogan C, Kinsella J, O'Brien B, Gorman M, Beecher M. An examination of labor time-use on spring-calving dairy farms in Ireland. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5836-5848. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Hogan C, Kinsella J, O'Brien B, Markey A, Beecher M. Estimating the effect of different work practices and technologies on labor efficiency within pasture-based dairy systems. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5109-5123. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Aging tissues accumulate somatic mutations, yet cancer occurrence is relatively rare. A new study provides compelling evidence for why this may be the case and reveals that competition between mutant clones in oesophageal tissues protects against early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D'Ambrogio
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Liam Hill
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Altamirano J, Govindarajan P, Blomkalns A, Leary S, Robinson I, Chun L, Shaikh N, Tam G, Lopez M, Robinson M, Carrington YJ, De Araujo M, Walter K, Andrews J, Hogan C, Pinksy BA, Maldonado YA. 401. Natural History of Shedding and Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Using Intensive High-Resolution Sampling. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021. [PMCID: PMC8644576 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab466.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic, public health officials have recommended self-isolation, self-quarantine of exposed household contacts (HHC), and mask use to limit viral spread within households and communities. While household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is common, risk factors for HHC transmission are poorly understood. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 37 households with at least one reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 index case from March 2020 - March 2021, in order to calculate secondary attack rates (SAR) and define risk factors for secondary infections. Participants were tested daily for SARS-CoV-2 via RT-PCR, using self-collected lower nasal samples. Households were followed until all members tested negative for seven consecutive days. We collected demographics, medical conditions, relationship to index case, and socioeconomic indicators. Subgroup data analysis was conducted and stratified by positivity status. Results Of 99 enrolled participants, 37 were index cases and 62 were household contacts (HHC), of whom 25 HHC were infected (40.3%). Secondary attack rate (SAR) was highest among adults caring for a parent (n=4/4, 100%) and parents of index cases (5/10, 50%). Households whose income came from service work had greater risk of transmission compared to households whose primary income was technology (n=5/7; 71.4% vs 3/8; 37.5% respectively). Pediatric contacts were at lower risk of infection when compared to adult contacts (n=5/18, 27.8% vs n=20/44, 45.5% respectively). Conclusion This study suggests that household transmission represents a key source of community-based infection of SARS-CoV-2. Allocating resources for education/training regarding prevention among infected individuals and their close contacts will be critical for control of future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean Leary
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Abbott S, Castiglioni M, Cobley S, Halaki M, Hogan C, Mitchell L, Romann M, Salter J, Yamauchi G. Removing maturational influences from female youth swimming: the application of corrective adjustment procedures. J Sci Med Sport 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Hogan C, Castiglioni M, Abbott S, Cobley S. Talent identification in swimming: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Hill W, Zaragkoulias A, Salvador-Barbero B, Parfitt GJ, Alatsatianos M, Padilha A, Porazinski S, Woolley TE, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Hogan C. EPHA2-dependent outcompetition of KRASG12D mutant cells by wild-type neighbors in the adult pancreas. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2550-2560.e5. [PMID: 33891893 PMCID: PMC8231095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As we age, our tissues are repeatedly challenged by mutational insult, yet cancer occurrence is a relatively rare event. Cells carrying cancer-causing genetic mutations compete with normal neighbors for space and survival in tissues. However, the mechanisms underlying mutant-normal competition in adult tissues and the relevance of this process to cancer remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how the adult pancreas maintains tissue health in vivo following sporadic expression of oncogenic Kras (KrasG12D), the key driver mutation in human pancreatic cancer. We find that when present in tissues in low numbers, KrasG12D mutant cells are outcompeted and cleared from exocrine and endocrine compartments in vivo. Using quantitative 3D tissue imaging, we show that before being cleared, KrasG12D cells lose cell volume, pack into round clusters, and E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions decrease at boundaries with normal neighbors. We identify EphA2 receptor as an essential signal in the clearance of KrasG12D cells from exocrine and endocrine tissues in vivo. In the absence of functional EphA2, KrasG12D cells do not alter cell volume or shape, E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions increase and KrasG12D cells are retained in tissues. The retention of KRasG12D cells leads to the early appearance of premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) in tissues. Our data show that adult pancreas tissues remodel to clear KrasG12D cells and maintain tissue health. This study provides evidence to support a conserved functional role of EphA2 in Ras-driven cell competition in epithelial tissues and suggests that EphA2 is a novel tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Andreas Zaragkoulias
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Beatriz Salvador-Barbero
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Geraint J Parfitt
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Markella Alatsatianos
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ana Padilha
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sean Porazinski
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas E Woolley
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Holtgrewe K, Mahatha SK, Sheverdyaeva PM, Moras P, Flammini R, Colonna S, Ronci F, Papagno M, Barla A, Petaccia L, Aliev ZS, Babanly MB, Chulkov EV, Sanna S, Hogan C, Carbone C. Topologization of β-antimonene on Bi 2Se 3 via proximity effects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14619. [PMID: 32884112 PMCID: PMC7471962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological surface states usually emerge at the boundary between a topological and a conventional insulator. Their precise physical character and spatial localization depend on the complex interplay between the chemical, structural and electronic properties of the two insulators in contact. Using a lattice-matched heterointerface of single and double bilayers of β-antimonene and bismuth selenide, we perform a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the chiral surface states by means of microscopy and spectroscopic measurements complemented by first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that, although β-antimonene is a trivial insulator in its free-standing form, it inherits the unique symmetry-protected spin texture from the substrate via a proximity effect that induces outward migration of the topological state. This "topologization" of β-antimonene is found to be driven by the hybridization of the bands from either side of the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holtgrewe
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - S K Mahatha
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - P M Sheverdyaeva
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Moras
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Flammini
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - S Colonna
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - F Ronci
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - M Papagno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CS, Università Della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - A Barla
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Petaccia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Z S Aliev
- Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, AZ1010, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - M B Babanly
- Institute Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, AZ1143, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - E V Chulkov
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, UPV/EHU, 20080, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. de Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S Sanna
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - C Hogan
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - C Carbone
- Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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15
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Hogan C, Le AT, Mak J, Kumar. Sahoo M, Cowan T, Pinksy BA. 1791. Novel Metabolomics Approach for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses Directly from Nasopharyngeal Specimens. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6809267 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Respiratory virus infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality among pediatric and adult patients. These viruses infect respiratory epithelial cells, where they may induce specific metabolite alterations. As a proof-of-concept, we investigate the novel use of liquid chromatography (LC) combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) for the study of host cell metabolite alterations to diagnose and differentiate respiratory viruses.
Methods
We studied nasopharyngeal swab samples positive for respiratory viruses by the eSensor Respiratory Viral Panel (GenMark Diagnostics, Carlsbad, CA). Banked, frozen samples (−80°C) stored in viral transport media were retrieved and thawed. Aliquots of 100 μL were centrifuged at 13.3 × g for 15 minutes, and the filtrate was analyzed by Agilent 6545 Quadrupole LC/Q-TOF (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Compounds were separated using a novel column arrangement based on hydrophobicity and charge using a quaternary solvent manager, followed by accurate mass analysis by LC/Q-TOF. Agilent Mass Profiler 3D principal component analysis was performed, and compound identification was completed using the METLIN metabolite database.
Results
A total of 235 specimens were tested by LC/Q-TOF, including 195 positive specimens [including adenovirus, coronavirus, influenza A H1N1 and H3N2, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus] as well as 40 negative clinical specimens. LC/Q-TOF primary component analysis (PCA) allowed preliminary identification of key metabolites that distinguished all virus-positive specimens compared with the negative group, and differentiated respiratory viruses from one another including between influenza A 2009 H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes (Figure 1).
Conclusion
Preliminary data from our LC/Q-TOF analysis show that respiratory viruses exhibit different host cell metabolomic profiles that allow viral differentiation to the species level, and for influenza A virus, the subtype level. This metabolomic approach has substantial potential for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases directly from patient samples, and may be eventually adapted for point-of-care testing.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hogan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Anthony T Le
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Justin Mak
- Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Tina Cowan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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16
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Greenaway C, Pareek M, Abou Chakra CN, Walji M, Makarenko I, Alabdulkarim B, Hogan C, McConnell T, Scarfo B, Christensen R, Tran A, Rowbotham N, Noori T, van der Werf MJ, Pottie K, Matteelli A, Zenner D, Morton RL. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for active tuberculosis among migrants in the EU/EEA: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 29637888 PMCID: PMC5894252 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.14.17-00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
: The foreign-born population make up an increasing and large proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) low-incidence countries and challenge TB elimination efforts. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine effectiveness (yield and performance of chest radiography (CXR) to detect active TB, treatment outcomes and acceptance of screening) and a second systematic review on cost-effectiveness of screening for active TB among migrants living in the EU/EEA. Results: We identified six systematic reviews, one report and three individual studies that addressed our aims. CXR was highly sensitive (98%) but only moderately specific (75%). The yield of detecting active TB with CXR screening among migrants was 350 per 100,000 population overall but ranged widely by host country (110–2,340), migrant type (170–1,192), TB incidence in source country (19–336) and screening setting (220–1,720). The CXR yield was lower (19.6 vs 336/100,000) and the numbers needed to screen were higher (5,076 vs 298) among migrants from source countries with lower TB incidence (≤ 50 compared with ≥ 350/100,000). Cost-effectiveness was highest among migrants originating from high (> 120/100,000) TB incidence countries. The foreign-born had similar or better TB treatment outcomes than those born in the EU/EEA. Acceptance of CXR screening was high (85%) among migrants. Discussion: Screening programmes for active TB are most efficient when targeting migrants from higher TB incidence countries. The limited number of studies identified and the heterogeneous evidence highlight the need for further data to inform screening programmes for migrants in the EU/EEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Greenaway
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire-Nour Abou Chakra
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Moneeza Walji
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Iuliia Makarenko
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Balqis Alabdulkarim
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Hogan
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ted McConnell
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brittany Scarfo
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anh Tran
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nick Rowbotham
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Teymur Noori
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kevin Pottie
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Matteelli
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Brescia Spedali Civili General Hospital, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for TB/HIV and TB Elimination, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dominik Zenner
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Respiratory Diseases Department, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control (CIDSC), Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael L Morton
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Greenaway C, Pareek M, Abou Chakra CN, Walji M, Makarenko I, Alabdulkarim B, Hogan C, McConnell T, Scarfo B, Christensen R, Tran A, Rowbotham N, van der Werf MJ, Noori T, Pottie K, Matteelli A, Zenner D, Morton RL. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for latent tuberculosis among migrants in the EU/EEA: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 29637889 PMCID: PMC5894253 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.14.17-00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Migrants account for a large and growing proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence countries in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) which are primarily due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Addressing LTBI among migrants will be critical to achieve TB elimination. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine effectiveness (performance of diagnostic tests, efficacy of treatment, uptake and completion of screening and treatment) and a second systematic review on cost-effectiveness of LTBI screening programmes for migrants living in the EU/EEA. Results: We identified seven systematic reviews and 16 individual studies that addressed our aims. Tuberculin skin tests and interferon gamma release assays had high sensitivity (79%) but when positive, both tests poorly predicted the development of active TB (incidence rate ratio: 2.07 and 2.40, respectively). Different LTBI treatment regimens had low to moderate efficacy but were equivalent in preventing active TB. Rifampicin-based regimens may be preferred because of lower hepatotoxicity (risk ratio = 0.15) and higher completion rates (82% vs 69%) compared with isoniazid. Only 14.3% of migrants eligible for screening completed treatment because of losses along all steps of the LTBI care cascade. Limited economic analyses suggest that the most cost-effective approach may be targeting young migrants from high TB incidence countries. Discussion: The effectiveness of LTBI programmes is limited by the large pool of migrants with LTBI, poorly predictive tests, long treatments and a weak care cascade. Targeted LTBI programmes that ensure high screening uptake and treatment completion will have greatest individual and public health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Greenaway
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Moneeza Walji
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Iuliia Makarenko
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Balqis Alabdulkarim
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Hogan
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ted McConnell
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brittany Scarfo
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robin Christensen
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anh Tran
- National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nick Rowbotham
- National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Teymur Noori
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Matteelli
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Brescia Spedali Civili General Hospital, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for TB/HIV and TB Elimination, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dominik Zenner
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Respiratory Diseases Department, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control (CIDSC), Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael L Morton
- National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Sangalli D, Ferretti A, Miranda H, Attaccalite C, Marri I, Cannuccia E, Melo P, Marsili M, Paleari F, Marrazzo A, Prandini G, Bonfà P, Atambo MO, Affinito F, Palummo M, Molina-Sánchez A, Hogan C, Grüning M, Varsano D, Marini A. Many-body perturbation theory calculations using the yambo code. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:325902. [PMID: 30943462 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab15d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
yambo is an open source project aimed at studying excited state properties of condensed matter systems from first principles using many-body methods. As input, yambo requires ground state electronic structure data as computed by density functional theory codes such as Quantum ESPRESSO and Abinit. yambo's capabilities include the calculation of linear response quantities (both independent-particle and including electron-hole interactions), quasi-particle corrections based on the GW formalism, optical absorption, and other spectroscopic quantities. Here we describe recent developments ranging from the inclusion of important but oft-neglected physical effects such as electron-phonon interactions to the implementation of a real-time propagation scheme for simulating linear and non-linear optical properties. Improvements to numerical algorithms and the user interface are outlined. Particular emphasis is given to the new and efficient parallel structure that makes it possible to exploit modern high performance computing architectures. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility to automate workflows by interfacing with the yambopy and AiiDA software tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sangalli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISM), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Via Salaria Km 29.5, CP 10, I-00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy. European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF
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19
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Davis C, Mgomella GS, da Silva Filipe A, Frost EH, Giroux G, Hughes J, Hogan C, Kaleebu P, Asiki G, McLauchlan J, Niebel M, Ocama P, Pomila C, Pybus OG, Pépin J, Simmonds P, Singer JB, Sreenu VB, Wekesa C, Young EH, Murphy DG, Sandhu M, Thomson EC. Highly Diverse Hepatitis C Strains Detected in Sub-Saharan Africa Have Unknown Susceptibility to Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatments. Hepatology 2019; 69:1426-1441. [PMID: 30387174 PMCID: PMC6492010 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global plan to eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) led by the World Health Organization outlines the use of highly effective direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) to achieve elimination by 2030. Identifying individuals with active disease and investigation of the breadth of diversity of the virus in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is essential as genotypes in this region (where very few clinical trials have been carried out) are distinct from those found in other parts of the world. We undertook a population-based, nested case-control study in Uganda and obtained additional samples from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to estimate the prevalence of HCV, assess strategies for disease detection using serological and molecular techniques, and characterize genetic diversity of the virus. Using next-generation and Sanger sequencing, we aimed to identify strains circulating in East and Central Africa. A total of 7,751 Ugandan patients were initially screened for HCV, and 20 PCR-positive samples were obtained for sequencing. Serological assays were found to vary significantly in specificity for HCV. HCV strains detected in Uganda included genotype (g) 4k, g4p, g4q, and g4s and a newly identified unassigned g7 HCV strain. Two additional unassigned g7 strains were identified in patients originating from DRC (one partial and one full open reading frame sequence). These g4 and g7 strains contain nonstructural (ns) protein 3 and 5A polymorphisms associated with resistance to DAAs in other genotypes. Clinical studies are therefore indicated to investigate treatment response in infected patients. Conclusion: Although HCV prevalence and genotypes have been well characterized in patients in well-resourced countries, clinical trials are urgently required in SSA, where highly diverse g4 and g7 strains circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Davis
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - George S. Mgomella
- Department of Medicine ‐ University of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana da Silva Filipe
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Joseph Hughes
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research UnitEntebbeUganda
- Uganda Virus Research InstituteEntebbeUganda
| | | | - John McLauchlan
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Marc Niebel
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of MedicineMakerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda
| | - Cristina Pomila
- Department of Medicine ‐ University of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Simmonds
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Joshua B. Singer
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Vattipally B. Sreenu
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth H. Young
- Department of Medicine ‐ University of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Donald G. Murphy
- National Institute of Public Health of Quebec, Laboratory of Public Health of QuebecSainte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQuebecCanada
| | - Manj Sandhu
- Department of Medicine ‐ University of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Thomson
- Medical Research Council ‐ University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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20
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Hogan C, Budvytiene I, Watz N, Banaei N. 2067. Novel Methodology for Same-Day Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing on VITEK®2 for Gram-Negative Rod Bacteremia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018. [PMCID: PMC6253633 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections with Gram-negative rods are potentially fatal and require tailored antimicrobial treatment. Optimizing therapy is currently limited by the 1–2 days turnaround time required for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Novel same-day technologies have been developed but are expensive. Here, we describe and investigate the accuracy of a repurposed existing technology (VITEK®2, bioMérieux) for same-day susceptibility testing directly from positive blood cultures. Methods Starting in August 2017, patients with blood cultures positive for Gram-negative rods were prospectively included. In addition, aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles were spiked with a standardized inoculum of enteric Gram-negative rods from a repository of frozen samples. Positive blood cultures were processed using a newly developed protocol based on red blood cell lysis and differential centrifugation of bacteria, followed by VITEK®2 card set-up. VITEK®2 results from the direct method were compared with a reference method (VITEK®2 results using a 24-hour colony). Results In the prospective study, a total of 109 nonduplicate samples were collected, with E. coli (n = 54) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 51) the main pathogens detected. In addition, a total of 52 blood culture bottles were spiked with resistant Gram-negative rods. Overall weighted essential agreement was 98.8%, and categorical agreement was 97.9% between the direct and reference methods. Accurate results were produced for the main antibiotics used to treat enteric Gram-negative bacteremia, including ceftriaxone, piperacillin–tazobactam and meropenem. Mean turnaround time to susceptibility results for Enterobacteriaceae in the prospective study was 9.0 (±1.3) hours. Conclusion Preliminary data from direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing by VITEK®2 for enteric Gram-negative rod bacteremia suggest this technique is accurate, practical, easily integrated in the laboratory workflow, and substantially cheaper than its competitor technology. The next phase of this study will assess the impact of faster antimicrobial susceptibility turnaround time on patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship targets. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hogan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Indre Budvytiene
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nancy Watz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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21
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Sheverdyaeva PM, Hogan C, Sgarlata A, Fazi L, Fanfoni M, Persichetti L, Moras P, Balzarotti A. Electronic structure of the Ge/Si(1 0 5) hetero-interface: an ARPES and DFT study. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:465502. [PMID: 30359332 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae66f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a joint experimental and theoretical study of the electronic properties of the rebonded-step reconstructed Ge/Si(1 0 5) surface which is the main strained face found on Ge/Si(0 0 1) quantum dots and is considered a prototypical model system for surface strain relaxation in heteroepitaxial growth. Using a vicinal surface as a model system for obtaining a stable single-domain film structure with large terraces and rebonded-step surface termination, we realized an extended and ordered Ge/Si planar hetero-junction suitable for direct study with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. At the coverage of four Ge monolayers photoemission spectroscopy reveals the presence of 2D surface and film bands displaying energy-momentum dispersion compatible with the 5 × 4 periodicity of the system. The good agreement between experiment and first-principles electronic structure calculations confirms the validity of the rebonded-step structural model. The direct observation of surface features within 1 eV below the valence band maximum corroborates previously reported analysis of the electronic and optical behavior of the Ge/Si hetero-interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Sheverdyaeva
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
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22
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Ramsay J, Hogan C, Courser R, Edwards D, Janevic M, Connell C. COMPARING COMMUNITY-BASED AND EMR RECRUITMENT FOR ENGAGING OLDER MINORITY ADULTS: RESULTS FROM TAKE HEART. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsay
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - C Hogan
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - R Courser
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - D Edwards
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - M Janevic
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - C Connell
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
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23
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Hogan C, Speiser E, Chandola S, Suchkova S, Aulbach J, Schäfer J, Meyer S, Claessen R, Esser N. Controlling the Local Electronic Properties of Si(553)-Au through Hydrogen Doping. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:166801. [PMID: 29756924 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.166801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantitative and reversible method for tuning the charge localization of Au-stabilized stepped Si surfaces by site-specific hydrogenation. This is demonstrated for Si(553)-Au as a model system by combining density functional theory simulations and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy experiments. We find that controlled H passivation is a two-step process: step-edge adsorption drives excess charge into the conducting metal chain "reservoir" and renders it insulating, while surplus H recovers metallic behavior. Our approach illustrates a route towards microscopic manipulation of the local surface charge distribution and establishes a reversible switch of site-specific chemical reactivity and magnetic properties on vicinal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hogan
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E Speiser
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Chandola
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Suchkova
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Aulbach
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Meyer
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Claessen
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Esser
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Flammini R, Colonna S, Hogan C, Mahatha SK, Papagno M, Barla A, Sheverdyaeva PM, Moras P, Aliev ZS, Babanly MB, Chulkov EV, Carbone C, Ronci F. Evidence of β-antimonene at the Sb/Bi 2Se 3 interface. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:065704. [PMID: 29320369 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa2c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of the interface between antimony and the prototypical topological insulator Bi2Se3. Scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements show the presence of ordered domains displaying a perfect lattice match with bismuth selenide. Density functional theory calculations of the most stable atomic configurations demonstrate that the ordered domains can be attributed to stacks of β-antimonene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Flammini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
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Abstract
Epithelial cells expressing oncogenic Ras (RasV12) are detected by normal neighbors and are often extruded from tissues. We recently demonstrated that differential EphA2 signaling drives the segregation of mutant cells from normal monolayers via cell repulsion and increased RasV12 cell contractility. EphA2 signaling on RasV12 cells is triggered by ephrin-A ligands presented by normal cells. Here, we show that normal epithelial cells trigger the repulsion and enhanced contractility of Ras-transformed epithelial cells at the single cell level. We also reveal that ephrin-A ligands expressed on RasV12 cells are not required to drive RasV12 cell segregation following interaction with normal cells. Thus, normal-RasV12 cell-cell interaction triggers EphA2 forward signaling in RasV12 cells to drive repulsion and segregation of the transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- a European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- a European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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Christensen J, Garst J, Wahidi M, Hogan C, Crittenden H, Bruce S, D'Amico T, Tong B. P1.03-048 A Structured Lung Cancer Screening Program Facilitates Patient and Provider Compliance. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hogan C, Puri L, Gore G, Pai M. Impact of Fluoroquinolone Treatment on the Delay of Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hogan
- Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lekha Puri
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Madhukar Pai
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Porazinski S, de Navascués J, Yako Y, Hill W, Jones MR, Maddison R, Fujita Y, Hogan C. EphA2 Drives the Segregation of Ras-Transformed Epithelial Cells from Normal Neighbors. Curr Biol 2016; 26:3220-3229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Hogan C, Nguekam J, Saha S. Efficient finances for efficient trainees: A survey of trainee understanding of their tax responsibilities. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Della Manna A, Nye JV, Carney C, Hammons JS, Mann M, Al Shamali F, Vallone PM, Romsos EL, Marne BA, Tan E, Turingan RS, Hogan C, Selden RF, French JL. Developmental validation of the DNAscan™ Rapid DNA Analysis™ instrument and expert system for reference sample processing. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 25:145-156. [PMID: 27606570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the implementation of forensic DNA typing in labs more than 20 years ago, the analysis procedures and data interpretation have always been conducted in a laboratory by highly trained and qualified scientific personnel. Rapid DNA technology has the potential to expand testing capabilities within forensic laboratories and to allow forensic STR analysis to be performed outside the physical boundaries of the traditional laboratory. The developmental validation of the DNAscan/ANDE Rapid DNA Analysis System was completed using a BioChipSet™ Cassette consumable designed for high DNA content samples, such as single source buccal swabs. A total of eight laboratories participated in the testing which totaled over 2300 swabs, and included nearly 1400 unique individuals. The goal of this extensive study was to obtain, document, analyze, and assess DNAscan and its internal Expert System to reliably genotype reference samples in a manner compliant with the FBI's Quality Assurance Standards (QAS) and the NDIS Operational Procedures. The DNAscan System provided high quality, concordant results for reference buccal swabs, including automated data analysis with an integrated Expert System. Seven external laboratories and NetBio, the developer of the technology, participated in the validation testing demonstrating the reproducibility and reliability of the system and its successful use in a variety of settings by numerous operators. The DNAscan System demonstrated limited cross reactivity with other species, was resilient in the presence of numerous inhibitors, and provided reproducible results for both buccal and purified DNA samples with sensitivity at a level appropriate for buccal swabs. The precision and resolution of the system met industry standards for detection of micro-variants and displayed single base resolution. PCR-based studies provided confidence that the system was robust and that the amplification reaction had been optimized to provide high quality results. The DNAscan integrated Expert System was examined as part of the Developmental Validation and successfully interpreted the over 2000 samples tested with over 99.998% concordant alleles. The system appropriately flagged samples for human review and failed both mixed samples and samples with insufficient genetic information. These results demonstrated the integrated Expert System makes correct allele calls without human intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Della Manna
- Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences, 2026 Valleydale Road, Hoover, AL 35244, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Nye
- Michigan State Police, 7320 North Canal Road, Lansing, MI 48913, USA
| | - Christopher Carney
- Florida Department of Law Enforcement DNA Investigative Support Database, 2331 Phillips Road, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Jennifer S Hammons
- Defense Forensic Science Center, Office of Chief Scientist, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA 30297, USA
| | - Michael Mann
- Defense Forensic Science Center, Office of Chief Scientist, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA 30297, USA
| | - Farida Al Shamali
- Dubai Police GHQ, Gen. Dept. Forensic Sciences & Criminology, P.O. Box 1493, Dubai, UAE
| | - Peter M Vallone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8314, USA
| | - Erica L Romsos
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8314, USA
| | - Beth Ann Marne
- Pennsylvania State Police, Forensic DNA Division, 80N. Westmoreland Avenue, Greensburg, PA 15601, USA
| | - Eugene Tan
- NetBio, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, USA(1)
| | | | | | | | - Julie L French
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, 100 Results Way, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA.
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Turingan RS, Vasantgadkar S, Palombo L, Hogan C, Jiang H, Tan E, Selden RF. Rapid DNA analysis for automated processing and interpretation of low DNA content samples. Investig Genet 2016; 7:2. [PMID: 26998214 PMCID: PMC4797129 DOI: 10.1186/s13323-016-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis of casework samples with low DNA content include those resulting from the transfer of epithelial cells from the skin to an object (e.g., cells on a water bottle, or brim of a cap), blood spatter stains, and small bone and tissue fragments. Low DNA content (LDC) samples are important in a wide range of settings, including disaster response teams to assist in victim identification and family reunification, military operations to identify friend or foe, criminal forensics to identify suspects and exonerate the innocent, and medical examiner and coroner offices to identify missing persons. Processing LDC samples requires experienced laboratory personnel, isolated workstations, and sophisticated equipment, requires transport time, and involves complex procedures. We present a rapid DNA analysis system designed specifically to generate STR profiles from LDC samples in field-forward settings by non-technical operators. By performing STR in the field, close to the site of collection, rapid DNA analysis has the potential to increase throughput and to provide actionable information in real time. Results A Low DNA Content BioChipSet (LDC BCS) was developed and manufactured by injection molding. It was designed to function in the fully integrated Accelerated Nuclear DNA Equipment (ANDE) instrument previously designed for analysis of buccal swab and other high DNA content samples (Investigative Genet. 4(1):1–15, 2013). The LDC BCS performs efficient DNA purification followed by microfluidic ultrafiltration of the purified DNA, maximizing the quantity of DNA available for subsequent amplification and electrophoretic separation and detection of amplified fragments. The system demonstrates accuracy, precision, resolution, signal strength, and peak height ratios appropriate for casework analysis. Conclusions The LDC rapid DNA analysis system is effective for the generation of STR profiles from a wide range of sample types. The technology broadens the range of sample types that can be processed and minimizes the time between sample collection, sample processing and analysis, and generation of actionable intelligence. The fully integrated Expert System is capable of interpreting a wide range or sample types and input DNA quantities, allowing samples to be processed and interpreted without a technical operator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke Palombo
- NetBio, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | | | - Hua Jiang
- NetBio, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Eugene Tan
- NetBio, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
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Flower R, Schoeman E, Liew YW, Condon J, Powley T, Lopez G, Hogan C, Hyland C. Massively parallel sequencing in complex blood group investigations: Resolving the previously unresolvable. Pathology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bielby L, Akers C, Francis S, Darby S, Campbell L, Hollis L, Quested B, Hogan C. The role of the transfusion safety coordinator in Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Bielby
- Blood Matters Program; Department of Health & Human Services; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - C. Akers
- Blood Matters Program; Department of Health & Human Services; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - S. Francis
- Clinical Excellence Commission; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - S. Darby
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Nedlands WA Australia
| | - L. Campbell
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Nedlands WA Australia
| | - L. Hollis
- Sunshine Coast Hospital & Health Service; Nambour Qld Australia
| | - B. Quested
- BloodSafe; South Australian Department of Health; Adelaide SA Australia
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - C. Hogan
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Tye-Din JA, Cameron DJS, Daveson AJ, Day AS, Dellsperger P, Hogan C, Newnham ED, Shepherd SJ, Steele RH, Wienholt L, Varney MD. Appropriate clinical use of human leukocyte antigen typing for coeliac disease: an Australasian perspective. Intern Med J 2016; 45:441-50. [PMID: 25827511 PMCID: PMC4405087 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing emerge as a remarkably popular test for the diagnostic work-up of coeliac disease with high patient acceptance. Although limited in its positive predictive value for coeliac disease, the strong disease association with specific HLA genes imparts exceptional negative predictive value to HLA typing, enabling a negative result to exclude coeliac disease confidently. In response to mounting evidence that the clinical use and interpretation of HLA typing often deviates from best practice, this article outlines an evidence-based approach to guide clinically appropriate use of HLA typing, and establishes a reporting template for pathology providers to improve communication of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Departments of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Medical Advisory Committee, Coeliac Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Hogan C, Wilmer A, Badawi M, Hoang L, Chapman M, Press N, Antonation K, Corbett C, Romney M, Murray M. Melioidosis in Trinidad and Tobago. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:902-4. [PMID: 25897877 PMCID: PMC4412226 DOI: 10.3201/eid2105.141610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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36
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Cohney S, Masterson R, Hogan C, Hughes P, Haeusler M. ABOi with conventional immunosuppression alone-antiblood group antibody isn't the only contributor to antibody-mediated rejection and/or thrombotic microangiopathy. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1730-2. [PMID: 25912527 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cohney
- Nephrology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Masterson
- Nephrology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Hogan
- Hematology Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Hughes
- Nephrology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Haeusler
- Hematology Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Masterson R, Hughes P, Walker RG, Hogan C, Haeusler M, Robertson AR, Millar R, Suh N, Cohney SJ. ABO incompatible renal transplantation without antibody removal using conventional immunosuppression alone. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2807-13. [PMID: 25389083 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ABO incompatible living donor renal transplantation (ABOi) can achieve outcomes comparable to ABO compatible transplantation (ABOc). However, with the exception of blood group A2 kidneys transplanted into recipients with low titer anti-A antibody, regimens generally include antibody removal, intensified immunosuppression and splenectomy or rituximab. We now report a series of 20 successful renal transplants across a range of blood group incompatibilities using conventional immunosuppression alone in recipients with low baseline anti-blood group antibody (ABGAb) titers. Incompatibilities were A1 to O (3), A1 to B (2), A2 to O (2), AB to A (2), AB to B (1), B to A1 (9), B to O (1); titers 1:1 to 1:16 by Ortho. At 36 months, patient and graft survival are 100%. Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) occurred in one patient with thrombophilia and low level donor-specific anti-HLA antibody. Four patients experienced cellular rejection (two subclinical), which responded to oral prednisolone. This series demonstrates that selected patients with low titer ABGAb can undergo ABOi with standard immunosuppression alone, suggesting baseline titer as a reliable predictor of AbMR. This reduces morbidity and cost of ABOi for patients with low titer ABGAb and increases the possibility of ABOi from deceased donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Masterson
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Da Pieve F, Hogan C, Lamoen D, Verbeeck J, Vanmeert F, Radepont M, Cotte M, Janssens K, Gonze X, Van Tendeloo G. Casting light on the darkening of colors in historical paintings. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:208302. [PMID: 24289712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.208302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of colors in historical paintings affects our cultural heritage in both museums and archeological sites. Despite intensive experimental studies, the origin of darkening of one of the most ancient pigments known to humankind, vermilion (α-HgS), remains unexplained. Here, by combining many-body theoretical spectroscopy and high-resolution microscopic x-ray diffraction, we clarify the composition of the damaged paint work and demonstrate possible physicochemical processes, induced by illumination and exposure to humidity and air, that cause photoactivation of the original pigment and the degradation of the secondary minerals. The results suggest a new path for the darkening process which was never considered by previous studies and prompt a critical examination of their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Da Pieve
- ALGC, Research Group General Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium and EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Tan E, Turingan RS, Hogan C, Vasantgadkar S, Palombo L, Schumm JW, Selden RF. Fully integrated, fully automated generation of short tandem repeat profiles. Investig Genet 2013; 4:16. [PMID: 23915594 PMCID: PMC3751157 DOI: 10.1186/2041-2223-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The generation of short tandem repeat profiles, also referred to as ‘DNA typing,’ is not currently performed outside the laboratory because the process requires highly skilled technical operators and a controlled laboratory environment and infrastructure with several specialized instruments. The goal of this work was to develop a fully integrated system for the automated generation of short tandem repeat profiles from buccal swab samples, to improve forensic laboratory process flow as well as to enable short tandem repeat profile generation to be performed in police stations and in field-forward military, intelligence, and homeland security settings. Results An integrated system was developed consisting of an injection-molded microfluidic BioChipSet cassette, a ruggedized instrument, and expert system software. For each of five buccal swabs, the system purifies DNA using guanidinium-based lysis and silica binding, amplifies 15 short tandem repeat loci and the amelogenin locus, electrophoretically separates the resulting amplicons, and generates a profile. No operator processing of the samples is required, and the time from swab insertion to profile generation is 84 minutes. All required reagents are contained within the BioChipSet cassette; these consist of a lyophilized polymerase chain reaction mix and liquids for purification and electrophoretic separation. Profiles obtained from fully automated runs demonstrate that the integrated system generates concordant short tandem repeat profiles. The system exhibits single-base resolution from 100 to greater than 500 bases, with inter-run precision with a standard deviation of ±0.05 - 0.10 bases for most alleles. The reagents are stable for at least 6 months at 22°C, and the instrument has been designed and tested to Military Standard 810F for shock and vibration ruggedization. A nontechnical user can operate the system within or outside the laboratory. Conclusions The integrated system represents the first generation of a turnkey approach to short tandem repeat profiling and has the potential for use in both the field (for example, police booking stations, the battlefield, borders and ports) and the forensic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Tan
- NetBio, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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40
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Sherring C, Bushell T, Rea M, Beca J, Hogan C, Tai J, Moore M. Paediatric nasal high flow therapy—Just a lot of hot air? Aust Crit Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2013.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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41
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Bhalla V, Bolduc A, Lewis F, Hogan C, Park M, Laserna C, Edmunds J, Hentges T, Holsten S. “Resident Bedside-Procedure Competency and Efficiency Identification by Intensive Care Nursing Staff”. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Bhalla V, Hogan C, Holsten A, Bolduc A, Medeiros R, NeSmith E, Looney S, O'Malley K, Hawkins M, Holsten S. “Identification and Referral of Patients at High Risk of Developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at a Level 1 Trauma Center”. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Nangiamakker P, Thompson E, Hogan C, Ochieng J, Raz A. Induction of tumorigenicity by galectin-3 in a nontumorigenic human breast-carcinoma cell-line. Int J Oncol 2012; 7:1079-87. [PMID: 21552935 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.7.5.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human galectin-3 is a galactoside-binding protein of 31 kDa which functions as a receptor for glycoproteins containing poly N-acetyllactosamine side chains and as a substrate for matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9. We studied its expression by flow cytoflourimetry, Western, Northern and Southern analyses, in five cultured human breast carcinoma cell lines previously characterized as nontumorigenic, poorly metastatic or metastatic in nude mice. The expression of galectin-3 correlated with the reported tumorigenicity of the cells. The introduction of recombinant galectin-3 into the null expressing non-tumorigenic BT-549 cells resulted in the acquisition of anchorage-independent growth properties in all and tumorigenicity in 3/4 sense transfected cell clones. The data indicate a relationship between galectin-3 expression and malignancy of human breast carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nangiamakker
- WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,KARMANOS CANC INST,DETROIT,MI 48201. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,LOMBARDI CANC RES CTR,DEPT CELL BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20001. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,LOMBARDI CANC RES CTR,DEPT ORTHOPED SURG,WASHINGTON,DC 20001. MEHARRY MED COLL,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,NASHVILLE,TN 37208
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Watt SA, Pourreyron C, Purdie K, Hogan C, Cole CL, Foster N, Pratt N, Bourdon JC, Appleyard V, Murray K, Thompson AM, Mao X, Mein C, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Evans A, McGrath JA, Proby CM, Foerster J, Leigh IM, South AP. Integrative mRNA profiling comparing cultured primary cells with clinical samples reveals PLK1 and C20orf20 as therapeutic targets in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2011; 30:4666-77. [PMID: 21602893 PMCID: PMC3219832 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying therapeutic targets for cancer treatment relies on consistent changes within particular types or sub-types of malignancy. The ability to define either consistent changes or sub-types of malignancy is often masked by tumor heterogeneity. To elucidate therapeutic targets in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), the most frequent skin neoplasm with malignant potential, we have developed an integrated approach to gene expression profiling beginning with primary keratinocytes in culture. Candidate drivers of cSCC development were derived by first defining a set of in vitro cancer genes and then comparing their expression in a range of clinical data sets containing normal skin, cSCC and the benign hyper-proliferative condition psoriasis. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen of the resulting 21 upregulated genes has yielded targets capable of reducing xenograft tumor volume in vivo. Small-molecule inhibitors for one target, Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1), are already in clinical trials for other malignancies, and our data show efficacy in cSCC. Another target, C20orf20, is identified as being overexpressed in cSCC, and siRNA-mediated knockdown induces apoptosis in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo. Thus, our approach has shown established and uncharacterized drivers of tumorigenesis with potent efficacy as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Watt
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - C Pourreyron
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - K Purdie
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - C Hogan
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - C L Cole
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - N Foster
- Department of Human Genetics, Ninewells Hospital Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - N Pratt
- Department of Human Genetics, Ninewells Hospital Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J-C Bourdon
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - V Appleyard
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - K Murray
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A M Thompson
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - X Mao
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - C Mein
- Genome Centre, Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - L Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg and Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences LifeNet, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Evans
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J A McGrath
- Genetic Skin Disease Group, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - C M Proby
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Foerster
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - I M Leigh
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A P South
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Nowak R, Peacock F, DiSomma S, Neath S, Mueller C, Hartman O, Hogan C, Morgenthaler N, Anker S, Maisel A. 1 Biomarker Prediction of 14-Day Mortality in Emergency Department Patients Presenting With the Symptom of Acute Shortness of Breath. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hogan C. Impact of interactions between normal and transformed epithelial cells and the relevance to cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 69:203-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Edmonston TB, Gibori H, Kushnir M, Lithwick Yanai G, Benjamin H, Bibbo M, Thurm C, Horowitz L, Huang Y, Feinmesser M, Barshack I, Hou SJ, Gilad S, Benjamin S, Ashkenazi K, Ezagouri M, Goren Y, Hogan C, Chajut A. New microRNA-based diagnostic test for lung cancer classification. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Flint SM, Walker RG, Hogan C, Haeusler MN, Robertson A, Francis DMA, Millar R, Finlay M, Landgren A, Cohney SJ. Successful ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation with antibody removal and standard immunosuppression. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1016-24. [PMID: 21449947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation is an established therapy, though its implementation to date has been in part limited by the requirement for additional immunosuppression. Here, we describe the outcomes of 37 patients undergoing ABOi kidney transplantation utilizing perioperative antibody depletion and receiving an identical tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen to contemporaneous ABO-compatible (ABOc) recipients, with the exception that mycophenolate was commenced earlier (7-14 days pretransplant). Antibody depletion was scheduled according to baseline anti-ABO antibody titer (tube IAT method: median 1:128, range 1:8 to 1:4096). Patient and graft survival for the 37 ABOi recipients was 100% after a median 26 months (interquartile range [IQR] 18-32). Eight rejection episodes (two antibody-mediated and six cellular) in ABOi recipients were successfully treated with biopsy-proven resolution. Latest median eGFR is 50 mL/min × 1.73 m² (IQR 40-64) for ABOi patients and 54 mL/min × 1.73 m² (IQR 44-66) in the ABOc patients (p = 0.25). We conclude that ABOi transplantation can be performed successfully with perioperative antibody removal and conventional immunosuppression. This suggests that access to ABOi transplantation can include a broader range of end-stage kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Flint
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia Department of Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
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Hogan C, Kajita M, Lawrenson K, Fujita Y. Interactions between normal and transformed epithelial cells: Their contributions to tumourigenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:496-503. [PMID: 21187160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During the initial stages of carcinogenesis, neoplastic transformation occurs in single epithelial cells and the transformed cells proliferate while being surrounded by normal epithelia. In Drosophila, normal and transformed epithelial cells compete with each other for survival, a process called cell competition. However, it was not known whether comparable phenomena also occur in mammals. Recently, several reports have shown that the interaction between normal and transformed epithelial cells causes various phenomena in mammals. For example, with elaborate cell culture systems that express oncoproteins or knockdown tumour suppressor proteins in an inducible manner, certain types of transformed cells have been shown to be apically eliminated from normal epithelial layers in an apoptosis-dependent or -independent manner. During the process of apical extrusion, various signalling pathways are modulated in transformed cells located within the normal epithelium, indicating that the presence of surrounding normal epithelial cells affects the behaviour and fate of transformed cells. Recent studies in mice have also shown that normal and transformed cells can compete with each other for survival during several processes such as liver regeneration. In this review, we will introduce these recent publications on interactions between normal and transformed mammalian epithelial cells. Furthermore, we will discuss how these studies can potentially lead to identification of biomarkers for precancerous cells and to invention of novel types of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hogan
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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