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Emmanuele V, Ganesh J, Vladutiu G, Haas R, Kerr D, Saneto RP, Cohen BH, Van Hove JLK, Scaglia F, Hoppel C, Rosales XQ, Barca E, Buchsbaum R, Thompson JL, DiMauro S, Hirano M. Time to harmonize mitochondrial syndrome nomenclature and classification: A consensus from the North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC). Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:125-131. [PMID: 35606253 PMCID: PMC9341219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To harmonize terminology in mitochondrial medicine, we propose revised clinical criteria for primary mitochondrial syndromes. METHODS The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC) established a Diagnostic Criteria Committee comprised of members with diverse expertise. It included clinicians, researchers, diagnostic laboratory directors, statisticians, and data managers. The Committee conducted a comprehensive literature review, an evaluation of current clinical practices and diagnostic modalities, surveys, and teleconferences to reach consensus on syndrome definitions for mitochondrial diseases. The criteria were refined after manual application to patients enrolled in the NAMDC Registry. RESULTS By building upon published diagnostic criteria and integrating recent advances, NAMDC has generated updated consensus criteria for the clinical definition of classical mitochondrial syndromes. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial diseases are clinically, biochemically, and genetically heterogeneous and therefore challenging to classify and diagnose. To harmonize terminology, we propose revised criteria for the clinical definition of mitochondrial disorders. These criteria are expected to standardize the diagnosis and categorization of mitochondrial diseases, which will facilitate future natural history studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaya Ganesh
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgirene Vladutiu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard Haas
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Kerr
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Russell P Saneto
- Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruce H Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron and Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiomara Q Rosales
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Buchsbaum
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John L Thompson
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Salvatore DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Kumar A, Welch N, Mishra S, Bellar A, Silva RN, Li L, Singh SS, Sharkoff M, Kerr A, Chelluboyina AK, Sekar J, Attaway AH, Hoppel C, Willard B, Davuluri G, Dasarathy S. Metabolic reprogramming during hyperammonemia targets mitochondrial function and postmitotic senescence. JCI Insight 2021; 6:154089. [PMID: 34935641 PMCID: PMC8783680 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is a cytotoxic metabolite with pleiotropic molecular and metabolic effects, including senescence induction. During dysregulated ammonia metabolism, which occurs in chronic diseases, skeletal muscle becomes a major organ for nonhepatocyte ammonia uptake. Muscle ammonia disposal occurs in mitochondria via cataplerosis of critical intermediary metabolite α-ketoglutarate, a senescence-ameliorating molecule. Untargeted and mitochondrially targeted data were analyzed by multiomics approaches. These analyses were validated experimentally to dissect the specific mitochondrial oxidative defects and functional consequences, including senescence. Responses to ammonia lowering in myotubes and in hyperammonemic portacaval anastomosis rat muscle were studied. Whole-cell transcriptomics integrated with whole-cell, mitochondrial, and tissue proteomics showed distinct temporal clusters of responses with enrichment of oxidative dysfunction and senescence-related pathways/proteins during hyperammonemia and after ammonia withdrawal. Functional and metabolic studies showed defects in electron transport chain complexes I, III, and IV; loss of supercomplex assembly; decreased ATP synthesis; increased free radical generation with oxidative modification of proteins/lipids; and senescence-associated molecular phenotype–increased β-galactosidase activity and expression of p16INK, p21, and p53. These perturbations were partially reversed by ammonia lowering. Dysregulated ammonia metabolism caused reversible mitochondrial dysfunction by transcriptional and translational perturbations in multiple pathways with a distinct skeletal muscle senescence-associated molecular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ling Li
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gangarao Davuluri
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity and.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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3
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Hsiao CP, Daly B, Chen MK, Veigl M, Dorth J, Ponsky LE, Hoppel C. Possible Bioenergetic Biomarker for Chronic Cancer-Related Fatigue. Nurs Res 2021; 70:475-480. [PMID: 34380980 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue is a highly prevalent, debilitating, and persistent symptom experienced by patients receiving cancer treatments. Up to 71% of men with prostate cancer receiving radiation therapy experience acute and persistent CRF. There is neither an effective therapy nor a diagnostic biomarker for cancer-related fatigue. This pilot study aimed to discover potential biomarkers associated with chronic cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer receiving radiation therapy. METHODS We used a longitudinal repeated-measures research design. Twenty men with prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy completed all study visits. Cancer-related fatigue was evaluated by a well-established and validated questionnaire, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Fatigue (PROMIS-F) Short Form. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were harvested to quantify ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene expression of mitochondria-related genes. Data were collected before, during, on completion, and 24 months postradiation therapy and analyzed using paired t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS The mean of the PROMIS-F T-score was significantly increased over time in patients with prostate cancer, remaining elevated at 24 months post-radiation therapy compared to baseline. A significant downregulated BC1 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase synthesis-like (BCS1L) was observed over time during radiation therapy and at 24 months postradiation therapy. An increased PROMIS-F score was trended with downregulated BCS1L in patients 24 months after completing radiation therapy. DISCUSSION This is the first evidence to describe altered messenger RNA for BCS1L in chronic cancer-related fatigue using the PROMIS-F measure with men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PBMC messenger RNA for BCS1L is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for radiation therapy-induced chronic cancer-related fatigue in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH The University of Arizona Department of Psychology, Tucson, AZ Case Western Reserve University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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4
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Mercer KE, Maurer A, Pack LM, Ono-Moore K, Spray BJ, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett D, Souza E, Casazza G, Keim N, Newman J, Hunter G, Fernadez J, Garvey WT, Harper ME, Hoppel C, Adams SH, Thyfault J. Exercise training and diet-induced weight loss increase markers of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis and reduce serum total BA concentrations in obese women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E864-E873. [PMID: 33645254 PMCID: PMC8238126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00644.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise has profound metabolic influence on the liver, but effects on bile acid (BA) metabolism are less well known. BAs are synthesized exclusively in the liver from cholesterol via the rate-limiting enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). BAs contribute to the solubilization and absorption of lipids and serve as important signaling molecules, capable of systemic endocrine function. Circulating BAs increase with obesity and insulin resistance, but effects following exercise and diet-induced weight loss are unknown. To test if improvements in fitness and weight loss as a result of exercise training enhance BA metabolism, we measured serum concentrations of total BAs (conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary BAs) in sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women (N = 11) before (PRE) and after (POST) a ∼14-wk exercise and diet-induced weight loss intervention. BAs were measured in serum collected after an overnight fast and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19; a regulator of BA synthesis) and 7-alpha-hydroxy-cholesten-3-one (C4, a marker of CYP7A1 enzymatic activity) also were measured. Using linear mixed-model analyses and the change in V̇O2peak (mL/min/kg) as a covariate, we observed that exercise and weight loss intervention decreased total fasting serum BA by ∼30% (P = 0.001) and increased fasting serum C4 concentrations by 55% (P = 0.004). C4 was significantly correlated with serum total BAs only in the POST condition, whereas serum FGF19 was unchanged. These data indicate that a fitness and weight loss intervention modifies BA metabolism in obese women and suggest that improved metabolic health associates with higher postabsorptive (fasting) BA synthesis. Furthermore, pre- vs. postintervention patterns of serum C4 following an OGTT support the hypothesis that responsiveness of BA synthesis to postprandial inhibition is improved after exercise and weight loss.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise and weight loss in previously sedentary, insulin-resistant women facilitates a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and fitness that may be linked to changes in bile acid metabolism. Diet-induced weight loss plus exercise-induced increases in fitness promote greater postabsorptive bile acid synthesis while also sensitizing the bile acid metabolic system to feedback inhibition during a glucose challenge when glucose and insulin are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lindsay M Pack
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Beverly J Spray
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Carol J Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Dustin Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Elaine Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Gretchen Casazza
- Sports Medicine Program, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Nancy Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - John Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Gary Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose Fernadez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - John Thyfault
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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5
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Hsiao CP, Chen MK, Veigl ML, Ellis R, Cooney M, Daly B, Hoppel C. Relationships between expression of BCS1L, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and fatigue among patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6703-6717. [PMID: 31410061 PMCID: PMC6645361 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s203317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most debilitating symptom with the greatest adverse side effect on quality of life. The etiology of this symptom is still not understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain complex activity, and fatigue in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (XRT), compared to patients on active surveillance (AS). Methods: The study used a matched case–control and repeated-measures research design. Fatigue was measured using the revised Piper Fatigue Scale from 52 patients with prostate cancer. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, electron-transport chain enzymatic activity, and BCS1L gene expression were determined using patients’ peripheral mononuclear cells. Data were collected at three time points and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The fatigue score was significantly different over time between patients undergoing XRT and AS (P<0.05). Patients undergoing XRT experienced significantly increased fatigue at day 21 and day 42 of XRT (P<0.01). Downregulated mitochondrial gene (BC1, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, synthesis-like, BCS1L, P<0.05) expression, decreased OXPHOS-complex III oxidation (P<0.05), and reduced activity of complex III were observed over time in patients with XRT. Moreover, increased fatigue was significantly associated with downregulated BCS1L and decreased complex III oxidation in patients undergoing XRT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that BCS1L and complex III in mitochondrial mononuclear cells are potential biomarkers and feasible therapeutic targets for acute XRT-induced fatigue in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- The Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Martina L Veigl
- Gene Expression & Genotyping Facility, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rodney Ellis
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Cooney
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Daly
- The Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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6
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Lai N, Kummitha C, Drumm M, Hoppel C. Alterations of skeletal muscle bioenergetics in a mouse with F508del mutation leading to a cystic fibrosis-like condition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E327-E336. [PMID: 31211618 PMCID: PMC6732463 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00064.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High energy expenditure is reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) animal models and patients. Alterations in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, fuel utilization, and the creatine kinase-phosphocreatine system suggest mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies were performed on congenic C57BL/6J and F508del (Cftrtm1kth) mice. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure gas exchange to evaluate aerobic capacity during treadmill exercise. The bioenergetic function of skeletal muscle subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) was evaluated using an integrated approach combining measurement of the rate of oxidative phosphorylation by polarography and of electron transport chain activities by spectrophotometry. CF mice have reduced maximal aerobic capacity. In SSM of these mice, oxidative phosphorylation was impaired in the presence of complex I, II, III, and IV substrates except when glutamate was used as substrate. This impairment appeared to be caused by a defect in complex V activity, whereas the oxidative system of the electron transport chain was unchanged. In IFM, oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain activities were preserved, whereas complex V activity was reduced, in CF. Furthermore, creatine kinase activity was reduced in both SSM and IFM of CF skeletal muscle. The decreased complex V activity in SSM resulted in reduced oxidative phosphorylation, which could explain the reduced skeletal muscle response to exercise in CF mice. The decrease in mitochondrial creatine kinase activity also contributed to this poor exercise response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chinna Kummitha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mitchell Drumm
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Zhao Y, Sun X, Hu D, Prosdocimo DA, Hoppel C, Jain MK, Ramachandran R, Qi X. ATAD3A oligomerization causes neurodegeneration by coupling mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetics defects. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1371. [PMID: 30914652 PMCID: PMC6435701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetic failure manifest in Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. The factors that couple mitochondrial fusion/fission with bioenergetics and their impacts on neurodegeneration however remain poorly understood. Our proteomic analysis identifies mitochondrial protein ATAD3A as an interactor of mitochondrial fission GTPase, Drp1, in HD. Here we show that, in HD, ATAD3A dimerization due to deacetylation at K135 residue is required for Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Disturbance of ATAD3A steady state impairs mtDNA maintenance by disrupting TFAM/mtDNA binding. Blocking Drp1/ATAD3A interaction with a peptide, DA1, abolishes ATAD3A oligomerization, suppresses mitochondrial fragmentation and mtDNA lesion, and reduces bioenergetic deficits and cell death in HD mouse- and patient-derived cells. DA1 treatment reduces behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes in HD transgenic mice. Our findings demonstrate that ATAD3A plays a key role in neurodegeneration by linking Drp1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation to defective mtDNA maintenance, suggesting that DA1 might be useful for developing HD therapeutics. Huntington’s disease leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetic failure, although how the two events are connected is poorly understood. Here, Zhao et al. identify ATAD3A as a molecular linker and show that a peptide inhibitor of ATAD3A oligomerization suppresses HD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Domenick A Prosdocimo
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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8
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Hsiao CP, Chen MK, Daly B, Hoppel C. Integrated mitochondrial function and cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6367-6377. [PMID: 30568498 PMCID: PMC6267769 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue experienced by cancer patients is one of the most common symptoms with the greatest adverse effect on quality of life, but arguably the least understood. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in integrated mitochondrial function and fatigue in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving localized radiation therapy (XRT). Materials and methods We proposed a mitochondrial bioenergetics mechanism of radiation-induced fatigue linking impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through complex III and decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production as consequences of XRT. Integrated mitochondrial function was measured as mitochondrial OXPHOS from patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Fatigue was measured using the revised Piper Fatigue Scale. Data were collected before (day 0) and at day 21 of XRT. Results At day 21 of XRT, fatigue symptom intensified in 15 prostate cancer patients (P<0.05). Mitochondrial OXPHOS complex III-linked and uncoupled complex III rates were significantly decreased in mononuclear cells at day 21 during XRT compared to that before XRT (P<0.05). Additionally, increased fatigue appeared to be associated with decreased OXPHOS complex III-linked respiration in patients undergoing XRT. Conclusion Fatigue was associated with OXPHOS complex III-linked oxidation and a defect in oxidation starting at complex III in mononuclear cell mitochondria was revealed at day 21 of XRT in 15 prostate cancer patients. Complex III is a potential target for pharmacological and, in particular, nutraceutical interventions, eg, Q10, for design of interventions for CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Barbara Daly
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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Wang L, Gao J, Liu J, Siedlak SL, Torres S, Fujioka H, Huntley ML, Jiang Y, Ji H, Yan T, Harland M, Termsarasab P, Zeng S, Jiang Z, Liang J, Perry G, Hoppel C, Zhang C, Li H, Wang X. Mitofusin 2 Regulates Axonal Transport of Calpastatin to Prevent Neuromuscular Synaptic Elimination in Skeletal Muscles. Cell Metab 2018; 28:400-414.e8. [PMID: 30017354 PMCID: PMC6125186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles undergo atrophy in response to diseases and aging. Here we report that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) acts as a dominant suppressor of neuromuscular synaptic loss to preserve skeletal muscles. Mfn2 is reduced in spinal cords of transgenic SOD1G93A and aged mice. Through preserving neuromuscular synapses, increasing neuronal Mfn2 prevents skeletal muscle wasting in both SOD1G93A and aged mice, whereas deletion of neuronal Mfn2 produces neuromuscular synaptic dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy. Neuromuscular synaptic loss after sciatic nerve transection can also be alleviated by Mfn2. Mfn2 coexists with calpastatin largely in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) to regulate its axonal transport. Genetic inactivation of calpastatin abolishes Mfn2-mediated protection of neuromuscular synapses. Our results suggest that, as a potential key component of a novel and heretofore unrecognized mechanism of cytoplasmic protein transport, Mfn2 may play a general role in preserving neuromuscular synapses and serve as a common therapeutic target for skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandra L Siedlak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandy Torres
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mikayla L Huntley
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yinfei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Haiyan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tingxiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Micah Harland
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pichet Termsarasab
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sophia Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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10
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Hsiao CP, Hoppel C. Analyzing mitochondrial function in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:12-20. [PMID: 29505781 PMCID: PMC5938136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is responsible for producing most of the adenosine triphosphate required by eukaryotic cells. Lymphocytes make up the majority of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are readily obtainable, providing an ideal sample to monitor systemic changes and understand molecular signaling mechanisms in disease processes. Mitochondrial energy metabolism of lymphocyte has been used to screen for OXPHOS disorders. While there are increasing studies of lymphocyte OXPHOS, few studies examined activity of electron transport chain of lymphocyte mitochondria. We present an optimal protocol to harvest fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human whole blood, determine integrated mitochondrial function, and analyze electron transport chain complex activity. Analyzing integrated mitochondrial function using OXPHOS provides data to uncover defects in the transport of substrates into the mitochondria, generation of reducing equivalents, the electron transport chain, and coupling to the production of adenosine triphosphate. The optimal conditions to harvest peripheral blood mononuclear cells were using blood anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, processed utilizing Lymphoprep™, and washed in phosphate buffered saline, all at room temperature. Using isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, integrated mitochondrial function and the activities of electron transport chain were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, USA
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11
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Bloom K, Mohsen AW, Karunanidhi A, El Demellawy D, Reyes-Múgica M, Wang Y, Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Otsubo C, Tobita K, Muzumdar R, Gong Z, Tas E, Basu S, Chen J, Bennett M, Hoppel C, Vockley J. Investigating the link of ACAD10 deficiency to type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:49-57. [PMID: 28120165 PMCID: PMC5524623 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Native American Pima population has the highest incidence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of any reported population, but the pathophysiologic mechanism is unknown. Genetic studies in Pima Indians have linked acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 10 (ACAD10) gene polymorphisms, among others, to this predisposition. The gene codes for a protein with a C-terminus region that is structurally similar to members of a family of flavoenzymes-the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs)-that catalyze α,β-dehydrogenation reactions, including the first step in mitochondrial FAO (FAO), and intermediary reactions in amino acids catabolism. Dysregulation of FAO and an increase in plasma acylcarnitines are recognized as important in the pathophysiology of IR and T2DM. To investigate the deficiency of ACAD10 as a monogenic risk factor for T2DM in human, an Acad-deficient mouse was generated and characterized. The deficient mice exhibit an abnormal glucose tolerance test and elevated insulin levels. Blood acylcarnitine analysis shows an increase in long-chain species in the older mice. Nonspecific variable pattern of elevated short-terminal branch-chain acylcarnitines in a variety of tissues was also observed. Acad10 mice accumulate excess abdominal adipose tissue, develop an early inflammatory liver process, exhibit fasting rhabdomyolysis, and have abnormal skeletal muscle mitochondria. Our results identify Acad10 as a genetic determinant of T2DM in mice and provide a model to further investigate genetic determinants for insulin resistance in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Fat/enzymology
- Abdominal Fat/physiopathology
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/enzymology
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/physiopathology
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/pathology
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/enzymology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Obesity, Abdominal/enzymology
- Obesity, Abdominal/genetics
- Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Phenotype
- Rhabdomyolysis/enzymology
- Rhabdomyolysis/genetics
- Rhabdomyolysis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bloom
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Dina El Demellawy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Lina Ghaloul-Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Chikara Otsubo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Kimi Tobita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Emir Tas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Shrabani Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Bennett
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Lai N, Kummitha C, Hoppel C. Defects in skeletal muscle subsarcolemmal mitochondria in a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183978. [PMID: 28850625 PMCID: PMC5574550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle resistance to insulin is related to accumulation of lipid-derived products, but it is not clear whether this accumulation is caused by skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes and obesity are reported to have a selective effect on the function of subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. The current study investigated the role of the subpopulations of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity. A non-obese spontaneous rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, (Goto-Kakizaki), was used to evaluate function and biochemical properties in both populations of skeletal muscle mitochondria. In subsarcolemmal mitochondria, minor defects are observed whereas in interfibrillar mitochondria function is preserved. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria defects characterized by a mild decline of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency are related to ATP synthase and structural alterations of inner mitochondria membrane but are considered unimportant because of the absence of defects upstream as shown with polarographic and spectrophometric assays. Fatty acid transport and oxidation is preserved in both population of mitochondria, whereas palmitoyl-CoA increased 25% in interfibrillar mitochondria of diabetic rats. Contrary to popular belief, these data provide compelling evidence that mitochondrial function is unaffected in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle from T2DM non-obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - China Kummitha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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13
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Calabuig-Navarro V, Haghiac M, Minium J, Glazebrook P, Ranasinghe GC, Hoppel C, Hauguel de-Mouzon S, Catalano P, O’Tierney-Ginn P. Effect of Maternal Obesity on Placental Lipid Metabolism. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2543-2555. [PMID: 28541534 PMCID: PMC5551552 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obese women, on average, give birth to babies with high fat mass. Placental lipid metabolism alters fetal lipid delivery, potentially moderating neonatal adiposity, yet how it is affected by maternal obesity is poorly understood. We hypothesized that fatty acid (FA) accumulation (esterification) is higher and FA β-oxidation (FAO) is lower in placentas from obese, compared with lean women. We assessed acylcarnitine profiles (lipid oxidation intermediates) in mother-baby-placenta triads, in addition to lipid content, and messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein expression of key regulators of FA metabolism pathways in placentas of lean and obese women with normal glucose tolerance recruited at scheduled term Cesarean delivery. In isolated trophoblasts, we measured [3H]-palmitate metabolism. Placentas of obese women had 17.5% (95% confidence interval: 6.1, 28.7%) more lipid than placentas of lean women, and higher mRNA and protein expression of FA esterification regulators (e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, steroyl-CoA desaturase 1, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1). [3H]-palmitate esterification rates were increased in trophoblasts from obese compared with lean women. Placentas of obese women had fewer mitochondria and a lower concentration of acylcarnitines, suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial FAO capacity. Conversely, peroxisomal FAO was greater in placentas of obese women. Altogether, these changes in placental lipid metabolism may serve to limit the amount of maternal lipid transferred to the fetus, restraining excess fetal adiposity in this population of glucose-tolerant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virtu Calabuig-Navarro
- Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Maricela Haghiac
- Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
| | - Judi Minium
- Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
| | - Patricia Glazebrook
- Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
| | | | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | | | - Patrick Catalano
- Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Perrie O’Tierney-Ginn
- Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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14
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Zhou L, Wang W, Hoppel C, Liu J, Zhu X. Parkinson's disease-associated pathogenic VPS35 mutation causes complex I deficits. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2791-2795. [PMID: 28765075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defect in the complex I of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain is a characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) which is thought to play a critical role in the disease pathogenesis. Mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) cause autosomal dominant PD and we recently demonstrated that pathogenic VPS35 mutations cause mitochondrial damage through enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether pathogenic VPS35 mutation impacts the activity of complex I and its underlying mechanism. Indeed, VPS35 D620N mutation led to decreased enzymatic activity and respiratory defects in complex I and II in patient fibroblasts. While no changes in the expression of the complex I and II subunits were noted, the level of assembled complex I and II as well as the supercomplex was significantly reduced in D620N fibroblasts. Importantly, inhibition of mitochondrial fission rescued the contents of assembled complexes as well as the functional defects in complex I and II. Overall, these results suggest that VPS35 D620N mutation-induced excessive mitochondrial fission leads to the defects in the assembled complex I and supercomplex and causes bioenergetics deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wenzhang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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15
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Davuluri G, Allawy A, Thapaliya S, Rennison JH, Singh D, Kumar A, Sandlers Y, Van Wagoner DR, Flask CA, Hoppel C, Kasumov T, Dasarathy S. Hyperammonaemia-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction results in cataplerosis and oxidative stress. J Physiol 2016; 594:7341-7360. [PMID: 27558544 DOI: 10.1113/jp272796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Hyperammonaemia occurs in hepatic, cardiac and pulmonary diseases with increased muscle concentration of ammonia. We found that ammonia results in reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, electron transport chain complex I dysfunction, as well as lower NAD+ /NADH ratio and ATP content. During hyperammonaemia, leak of electrons from complex III results in oxidative modification of proteins and lipids. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates are decreased during hyperammonaemia, and providing a cell-permeable ester of αKG reversed the lower TCA cycle intermediate concentrations and increased ATP content. Our observations have high clinical relevance given the potential for novel approaches to reverse skeletal muscle ammonia toxicity by targeting the TCA cycle intermediates and mitochondrial ROS. ABSTRACT Ammonia is a cytotoxic metabolite that is removed primarily by hepatic ureagenesis in humans. Hyperammonaemia occurs in advanced hepatic, cardiac and pulmonary disease, and in urea cycle enzyme deficiencies. Increased skeletal muscle ammonia uptake and metabolism are the major mechanism of non-hepatic ammonia disposal. Non-hepatic ammonia disposal occurs in the mitochondria via glutamate synthesis from α-ketoglutarate resulting in cataplerosis. We show skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction during hyperammonaemia in a comprehensive array of human, rodent and cellular models. ATP synthesis, oxygen consumption, generation of reactive oxygen species with oxidative stress, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were quantified. ATP content was lower in the skeletal muscle from cirrhotic patients, hyperammonaemic portacaval anastomosis rat, and C2C12 myotubes compared to appropriate controls. Hyperammonaemia in C2C12 myotubes resulted in impaired intact cell respiration, reduced complex I/NADH oxidase activity and electron leak occurring at complex III of the electron transport chain. Consistently, lower NAD+ /NADH ratio was observed during hyperammonaemia with reduced TCA cycle intermediates compared to controls. Generation of reactive oxygen species resulted in increased content of skeletal muscle carbonylated proteins and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances during hyperammonaemia. A cell-permeable ester of α-ketoglutarate reversed the low TCA cycle intermediates and ATP content in myotubes during hyperammonaemia. However, the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTEMPO did not reverse the lower ATP content during hyperammonaemia. We provide for the first time evidence that skeletal muscle hyperammonaemia results in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Use of anaplerotic substrates to reverse ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangarao Davuluri
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Allawy Allawy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Samjhana Thapaliya
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Julie H Rennison
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dharmvir Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yana Sandlers
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, SR 364, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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16
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Calabuig-Navarro V, Minium J, Shekhawat P, Hoppel C, O’Tierney-Ginn PF. 237: Markers of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation are lower in placentas of obese mothers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Kerner J, Minkler P, Lesnefsky E, Hoppel C. Fatty acid chain elongation in palmitate‐perfused working rat heart: mitochondrial acetyl‐CoA is the source of two‐carbon units for chain elongation (758.2). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.758.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Kerner
- Pharmacology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUnited States
| | - Paul Minkler
- Pharmacology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUnited States
| | | | - Charles Hoppel
- Pharmacology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUnited States
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18
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Ruiz R, Jideonwo V, Ahn M, Surendran S, Tagliabracci VS, Hou Y, Gamble A, Kerner J, Irimia-Dominguez JM, Puchowicz MA, DePaoli-Roach A, Hoppel C, Roach P, Morral N. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) is required to regulate glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenic gene expression in mouse liver. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:5510-7. [PMID: 24398675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.541110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) is a key transcription factor that regulates genes in the de novo lipogenesis and glycolysis pathways. The levels of SREBP-1 are significantly elevated in obese patients and in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and a vast number of studies have implicated this transcription factor as a contributor to hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. However, its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism is poorly understood. Here we have addressed whether SREBP-1 is needed for regulating glucose homeostasis. Using RNAi and a new generation of adenoviral vector, we have silenced hepatic SREBP-1 in normal and obese mice. In normal animals, SREBP-1 deficiency increased Pck1 and reduced glycogen deposition during fed conditions, providing evidence that SREBP-1 is necessary to regulate carbohydrate metabolism during the fed state. Knocking SREBP-1 down in db/db mice resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride accumulation, as anticipated. However, mice remained hyperglycemic, which was associated with up-regulation of gluconeogenesis gene expression as well as decreased glycolysis and glycogen synthesis gene expression. Furthermore, glycogen synthase activity and glycogen accumulation were significantly reduced. In conclusion, silencing both isoforms of SREBP-1 leads to significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism and does not improve insulin resistance despite reducing steatosis in an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Ruiz
- From the Departments of Medical and Molecular Genetics and
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19
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Stacpoole PW, deGrauw TJ, Feigenbaum AS, Hoppel C, Kerr DS, McCandless SE, Miles MV, Robinson BH, Tang PH. Design and implementation of the first randomized controlled trial of coenzyme CoQ₁₀ in children with primary mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:623-9. [PMID: 23022402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the design and implementation of the first phase 3 trial of CoenzymeQ₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) in children with genetic mitochondrial diseases. A novel, rigorous set of eligibility criteria was established. The trial, which remains open to recruitment, continues to address multiple challenges to the recruitment of patients, including widely condoned empiric use of CoQ₁₀ by individuals with proven or suspected mitochondrial disease and skepticism among professional and lay mitochondrial disease communities about participating in placebo-controlled trials. These attitudes represent significant barriers to the ethical and scientific evaluation--and ultimate approval--of nutritional and pharmacological therapies for patients with life-threatening inborn errors of energy metabolism.
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20
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Miles M, Miles L, Mangano F, Horn P, Greiner H, Leach J, Lee KH, DeGrauw T, Hoppel C. Diffuse Cortical Gliosis Is Associated with Decreased Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complex IV Activity in Epileptogenic Brain Resected from Children with Intractable Epilepsy (PD3.003). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd3.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Kerner J, Virmani A, Koverech A, Hoppel C. Effect of propionylcarnitine on mitochondrial energy metabolism in elderly rat heart. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.785.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Kerner
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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22
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Lee K, Kerner J, Hoppel C. Isolation and mass spectrometric analysis of native protein complexes in rat liver mitochondrial contact sites. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.988.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwon Lee
- Center for Mitochondrial DiseaseCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Janos Kerner
- Center for Mitochondrial DiseaseCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial DiseaseCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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23
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Murphy WJA, Steiber A, Connery GC, Carder J, Spry L, Hoppel C. Altered carnitine metabolism in dialysis patients with reduced physical function may be due to dysfunctional fatty acid oxidation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:304-10. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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24
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Chen X, Thorburn DR, Wong LJ, Vladutiu GD, Haas R, Le T, Hoppel C, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Hahn⁎ S. Proficiency testing for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme assays using C. elegans. Mitochondrion 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wolfe LA, He M, Vockley J, Payne N, Rhead W, Hoppel C, Spector E, Gernert K, Gibson KM. Novel ETF dehydrogenase mutations in a patient with mild glutaric aciduria type II and complex II-III deficiency in liver and muscle. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33 Suppl 3:S481-7. [PMID: 21088898 PMCID: PMC3970109 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 22-year-old male who developed severe hypoglycemia and lethargy during an acute illness at 4 months of age and subsequently grew and developed normally. At age 4 years he developed recurrent vomiting with mild hyperammonemia and dehydration requiring frequent hospitalizations. Glutaric aciduria Type II was suspected based upon biochemical findings and managed with cornstarch, carnitine and riboflavin supplements. He did not experience metabolic crises between ages 4-12 years. He experienced recurrent vomiting, mild hyperammonemia, and generalized weakness associated with acute illnesses and growth spurts. At age 18 years, he developed exercise intolerance and proximal muscle weakness leading to the identification of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and complex II/III deficiencies in both skeletal muscle and liver. Subsequent molecular characterization of the ETFDH gene revealed novel heterozygous mutations, p.G274X:c.820 G > T (exon 7) and p.P534L: c.1601 C > T (exon 12), the latter within the iron sulfur-cluster and predicted to affect ubiquinone reductase activity of ETFDH and the docking of ETF to ETFDH. Our case supports the concept of a structural interaction between ETFDH and other enzyme partners, and suggests that the conformational change upon ETF binding to ETFDH may play a key role in linking ETFDH to II/III super-complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A Wolfe
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Kerner J, Yohannes E, Virmani A, Koverech A, Chance M, Hoppel C. Acetylcarnitine treatment increases mitochondrial protein‐lysine acetylation and protein expression. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.660.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Yohannes
- Center for Proteomics and BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | | | | | - Marc Chance
- Center for Proteomics and BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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27
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Kerner J, Minkler P, Stoll M, Hoppel C. Fatty acid beta oxidation is the source of malonyl‐CoA for fatty acid chain elongation in rat heart. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.793.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Charles Hoppel
- Pharmacology and MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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Rosca MG, Stanley W, Sabbah H, Hoppel C. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Microembolism‐induced Heart Failure. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.600.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hani Sabbah
- MedicineHenry Ford Vascular InstituteDetroitMI
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Medicine and PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
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Overmoyer B, Fu P, Hoppel C, Radivoyevitch T, Shenk R, Persons M, Silverman P, Robertson K, Ziats NP, Wasman JK, Abdul-Karim FW, Jesberger JA, Duerk J, Hartman P, Hanks S, Lewin J, Dowlati A, McCrae K, Ivy P, Remick SC. Inflammatory Breast Cancer as a Model Disease to Study Tumor Angiogenesis: Results of a Phase IB Trial of Combination SU5416 and Doxorubicin. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5862-8. [PMID: 17908980 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We used inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) as a model disease to investigate biological changes associated with an antiangiogenesis agent, SU5416, combined with doxorubicin. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with stage IIIB or IV IBC were treated neoadjuvantly with the combination of SU5416 and doxorubicin for induction therapy. The dose of SU5416 (administered on days 1 and 4, every 3 weeks) and doxorubicin (administered on day 1 every 3 weeks) were escalated in cohorts of three patients starting at 110 and 60 mg/m2, respectively, for a total of five cycles leading up to mastectomy. Patients underwent serial assessment (pharmacokinetic sampling, biopsy of breast, tumor blood flow dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, plasma angiogenesis, and endothelial cell damage markers) prior to treatment, at the end of cycles no. 2 and no. 5, and after mastectomy. RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled; neutropenia was dose-limiting, and overall median survival was not reached (50 months of study follow-up). Four patients (22%) experienced congestive heart failure, which resolved and were likely attributable to a smaller volume of distribution and higher Cmax of doxorubicin in combination with SU5416. We did observe a significant decline in tumor blood flow using Kep calculated by Brix (pretreatment versus post-cycle no. 5; P = 0.033), trend for a decline in tumor microvessel density after treatment, and low baseline levels of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule were associated with improved event-free survival. CONCLUSIONS This study showed evidence of an unfavorable cardiac interaction between SU5416 and doxorubicin, which prohibits further investigation of this combination. However, this study supports the importance of using IBC as a model for investigating angiogenesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Overmoyer
- Connecticut Oncology & Hematology Associates/US Oncology, Torrington, Connecticut 06790, USA.
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30
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Yang S, Minkler P, Hoppel C. cis-3,4-Methylene-heptanoylcarnitine: characterization and verification of the C8:1 acylcarnitine in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 857:251-8. [PMID: 17692580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acylcarnitine profiles have been used to diagnose specific inherited metabolic diseases. For some acylcarnitines, however, the detailed structure of their acyl group remains a question. One such incompletely characterized acylcarnitine is cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine. To investigate this problem, we isolated the "C8:1" acylcarnitine from human urine, transesterified it to form its acyl picolinyl ester, and characterized it by GC/EI-MS. These results were compared to GC/EI-MS results from authentic standards we synthesized (cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine, trans-2-octenoylcarnitine, 3-octenoylcarnitine, cis-4-octenoylcarnitine, and trans-4-octenoylcarnitine). Only cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine matched the urinary "C8:1" acylcarnitine. The standards were then spiked in human urine, converted to pentafluorophenacyl esters, and detected by HPLC/MS. cis-3,4-Methylene-heptanoylcarnitine exactly matched the "C8:1" acylcarnitine in urine, whereas none of the other C8:1 acylcarnitine standards matched. Based on the data from GC/EI-MS and HPLC/MS, the "C8:1" acylcarnitine in human urine is shown to be cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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31
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Kerner J, Minkler P, Parland W, Lesnefsky E, Hoppel C. Effect Of Age, Anesthesia, And Ischemia/Reperfusion With Palmitate On Myocardial Acylcarnitines. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a716-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Minkler
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve University2109 Adalbert Road, Room W517, Wood Bldg.ClevelandOH44106
| | - William Parland
- MedicineCase Western Reserve University2109 Adalbert Road, Room W161, Wood Bldg.ClevelandOH44106
| | - Edward Lesnefsky
- Medical Research ServiceLouis Stokes VA Medical Center10701 East BoulevardClevelandOH44106
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Pharmacology and MedicineCase Western Reserve University2109 Adalbert Road, Room W165, Wood Bldg.ClevelandOH44106
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Steiber AL, Carder J, Buss ML, Spry L, Hoppel C. Elevated acylcarnitine (AC) concentrations are associated with lower physical composite scores (PCS) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb43-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Leah Steiber
- NutritionCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of MedicineWG‐48, 10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH44106‐4954
| | | | | | - Leslie Spry
- MedicineDialysis Center of Lincoln7910 “O” StreetLincolnNE68510
| | - Charles Hoppel
- PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of Medicine10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH44106
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Yang S, Minkler P, Hoppel C, Tserng KY. Picolinyl ester fragmentation mechanism studies with application to the identification of acylcarnitine acyl groups following transesterification. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2006; 17:1620-8. [PMID: 16904336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl picolinyl esters provide excellent data to identify the structures of acyl groups. However, the mechanisms for the formation of fragment ions from picolinyl esters are unsettled. Proposed structures for fragment ions have focused on long-chain groups and may not accommodate results from medium- and short-chain acyl groups. Using deuterium-labeled organic acids, we have investigated the mechanisms for the formation of fragment ions. Based on these studies, we propose a new mechanism that is consistent with the experimental data. We then tested the mechanisms by analyzing selected acylcarnitines. Transesterification of acylcarnitines was performed by reaction with 3-pyridylcarbinol and potassium tert-butoxide in dichloromethane to produce acyl picolinyl esters. The picolinyl esters were separated and detected by gas chromatography/electron ionization-mass spectrometry. Each mass spectrum contained a series of peaks with m/z differences of 12, 13, or 14 u depending on the acyl group's chemical structure. The position of an unsaturated bond or branched methyl in the acyl group of acylcarnitine can be readily determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Yang
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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34
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Savvides P, Agarwala SS, Greskovich J, Argiris A, Bokar J, Cooney M, Hoppel C, Stepnick DW, Lavertu P, Remick S. Phase I study of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in combination with docetaxel and radiation in locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5545 Background: EGFR is highly expressed in SCCHN, representing a promising therapeutic target. Erlotinib (E) is an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor that may potentiate the efficacy of concurrent radiation (RT) and docetaxel (D). We sought to establish the MTD, toxicities and preliminary efficacy of the combination of RT, D and E in patients (pts) with SCCHN. Methods: Patients with previously untreated stage III-IVB SCCHN were enrolled in a phase I dose-escalating study with standard once-daily RT (70.2 Gy, 1.8 Gy/day), weekly D for the duration of RT and daily E for two weeks prior, during and up to two years following RT. 4 dose levels (DL) were evaluated [D (mg/m2)/E (mg): 15/50, 15/100, 20/100, 20/150]. A 3+3 escalation design was followed. Pharmacokinetic studies (PK) were performed. Results: A total of 23 patients were enrolled (6 pts at each DL 1–3, 5 pts at DL4). Primary site: oral cavity (n = 1), pharynx (n = 15) and larynx (n = 7). 20 patients (87%) had stage IV disease. Three dose-limiting toxicities were observed, 1 at each DL (1–3), including a death within 30 days from last treatment (DL1), grade 3 mucositis resulting in holding RT (>5 days) (DL2) and grade 4 mucositis (DL3). No DLT to date on DL4 with 3/5 pts evaluable. In patients enrolled at DL 1–3 (n = 18), post concurrent chemoRT, best response was CR (n = 15), not evaluable (n = 2), death on study (n = 1). 3/3 pts who underwent planned neck dissection had a pathologic CR. 9 patients are currently receiving adjuvant E and 1 has completed the 2-year course. 3 patients have relapsed. Interpatient variability of E peak plasma concentrations measured after the first dose was observed at all dose levels: 458 ± 173 ng/mL (DL1), 686 ± 364 (DL2), 1017 ± 241 (DL3), 833 ± 222 (DL4) (mean ± s.d., n = 6, 6, 6, 2 at DL1–4 respectively). Adjuvant erlotinib plasma concentration data will be presented separately. No significant PK interaction of erlotinib with docetaxel was noted. Conclusions: The combination of daily erlotinib with weekly docetaxel and RT for pts with stage III-IVB SCCHN is feasible and active. A phase II trial is planned. Supported in part by NIH grants nos. CA62502 and M01 RR-000080. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Savvides
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. S. Agarwala
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J. Greskovich
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A. Argiris
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J. Bokar
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M. Cooney
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C. Hoppel
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D. W. Stepnick
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - P. Lavertu
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Remick
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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35
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Kerner J, Minkler P, Hoppel C. Is there a single malonyl‐CoA pool in the heart for regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐I and fatty acid chain elongation. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a139-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Kerner
- NutritionCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOhio44106
| | - Paul Minkler
- Medical Research 151WVA Medical Center10701 East BoulevardClevelandOhio44106
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Pharmacology and MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityVA Medical Center10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOhio44106
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36
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Yang S, Minkler P, Tserng K, Hoppel C. Identification of cis‐3,4‐cyclopropane‐heptanoylcarnitine in human urine and its synthesis. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Minkler
- Louis Stokes VAMC10701 East Blvd.ClevelandOhio44106
| | | | - Charles Hoppel
- Medicine and PharmacologyCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AvenueClevelandOhio44106
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37
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Savvides P, Egorin MJ, Gerson S, Ramanathan RK, Berger NA, Ramalingam S, Hoppel C, Belani CP, Remick S, Chatta GS. Analysis of elderly (≥ 65 yrs) patients’ participation on early phase I clinical trials at two NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Savvides
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M. J. Egorin
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Gerson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. K. Ramanathan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - N. A. Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Ramalingam
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C. Hoppel
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C. P. Belani
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Remick
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - G. S. Chatta
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Ctr (C) at UHC, Cleveland, OH; Univ of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (P), Pittsburgh, PA
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Abstract
To determine whether there are structural differences in two topologically separated, biochemically defined mitochondrial populations in rat heart myocytes, the interior of these organelles was examined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of a count of 159 in situ subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM, i.e., those that directly abut the sarcolemma), these organelles possess mainly lamelliform cristae (77%), whereas the cristae in in situ interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM, i.e., those situated between the myofibrils, n = 300) are mainly tubular (55%) or a mixture of tubular and lamelliform (24%). Isolated SSM (n = 374), similar to their in situ counterparts, have predominantly lamelliform cristae (75%). The proportions of crista types in isolated IFM (n = 337) have been altered, with only 20% of these organelles retaining exclusively tubular cristae, whereas 58% are mixed; of the latter, lamelliform cristae predominate. This finding suggests that, in contrast to SSM, the cristae in IFM are structurally plastic, changing during isolation. These observations on >1,000 organelles provide the first quantitative morphological evidence for definitive differences between the two populations of cardiac mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Riva
- Department of Cytomorphology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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39
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Cooney MM, Li X, McPeak RJ, Ingalls S, Krishnamurthi S, Brell J, Dowlati A, Overmoyer B, Hoppel C, Remick SC. Phase I pharmacokinetic trial of docetaxel and thalidomide: A regimen based on anti-angiogenic therapeutic principles. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - X. Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - S. Ingalls
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - J. Brell
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - A. Dowlati
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - C. Hoppel
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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Abstract
Carnitine is a low-molecular-weight compound obtained from the diet that also is biosynthesized from the essential amino acids lysine and methionine. Carnitine has been identified in a variety of mammalian tissues and has an obligate role in the mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids through the action of specialized acyltransferases. Other roles for carnitine include buffering of the acyl coenzyme A (CoA)-CoA ratio, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, removal of excess acyl groups, and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. The growing body of evidence about carnitine function has led to increased understanding and identification of disorders associated with altered carnitine metabolism. Disorders of fatty acid oxidation and metabolism typically are associated with primary and secondary forms of carnitine deficiency. These disorders, which include increased lipolysis, increased lipid peroxidation, accumulation of acylcarnitines, and altered membrane permeability, have significant consequences for patients with myocardial diseases and kidney failure. Therapeutic administration of carnitine shows promise in treating selected groups of patients who have altered carnitine homeostasis, resulting in improved cardiac function, increased exercise capacity, reduced muscle cramps, and reduced intradialytic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Hoppel
- Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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41
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Kerner J, Vazquez E, Chandler M, Sabbah H, Stanley W, Hoppel C. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2828(02)90856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hoppel C, Kerner J, Turkaly P, Minkler P, Tandler B. Isolation of hepatic mitochondrial contact sites: previously unrecognized inner membrane components. Anal Biochem 2002; 302:60-9. [PMID: 11846376 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An improved, fast, and relatively simple procedure for isolation of hepatic mitochondrial contact sites is described. These contact sites include conventional outer membrane, but the inner membrane component (which we term fusion patches) has a unique biochemical composition characterized by a clustering of three specific inner membrane proteins of 54, 52, and 31 kDa identified by proteomics, respectively, as the alpha and beta subunits of ATP synthase and the liver isoform of adenine nucleotide transferase. The contact site fraction was prepared using a discontinuous sucrose gradient from crude outer membranes derived from swollen/shrunk rat liver mitochondria. The resultant contact sites were analyzed using a continuous sucrose density gradient, revealing an apparent heterogeneity due to varying amounts of retained fusion patches in relation to the unvarying outer membrane component. By electron microscopy, contact sites consist of small vacuoles that contain one or several tiny vesicles, many of which are composed of multiple, closely packed lamellae. The contact site subfraction morphology is consistent with the biochemical variation. Thus, contact sites are not haphazard fusions of outer and inner membrane, but consist in part of regions of inner membrane of novel composition (fusion patches) and of conventional outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Hoppel
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
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Abstract
In hepatic mitochondria, the outer membrane enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I), appears to colocalize with contact sites. We have prepared contact sites that are essentially devoid of noncontact site membranes. The contact site fraction has a high specific activity for CPT-I and contains a protein at 88 kDa that is recognized by antibodies directed at two different peptide epitopes on CPT-I. Similarly long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LCAS) specific activity is high in this fraction; a protein at 79 kDa is recognized by an antibody against LCAS. Although activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II (CPT-II) is present, it is not enriched in the contact site fraction, and a protein of 68 kDa weakly reacted with anti-CPT-II antibody. Likewise, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) protein is present, but at a somewhat reduced level. Using an analytical continuous sucrose gradient, we demonstrate that the activities of CPT-I and LCAS and their associated immunoreactive proteins are present in a constant amount throughout the contact site subfractions. The enzymatic activity of CPT-II and its associated immunoreactive protein, as well as immunoreactive CACT, is absent in the lighter density gradient subfractions and is present in the higher density subfractions only in trace amounts. This heterogeneity of the contact site fraction is due to unvarying amounts of outer membrane and increasing amounts of attached inner membrane with increasing density of the subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoppel
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Abstract
The mitochondrial carnitine system plays an obligatory role in beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids by catalyzing their transport into the mitochondrial matrix. This transport system consists of the malonyl-CoA sensitive carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, the carnitine:acylcarnitine translocase, an integral inner membrane protein, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II localized on the matrix side of the inner membrane. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I is subject to regulation at the transcriptional level and to acute control by malonyl-CoA. The N-terminal domain of CPT-I is essential for malonyl-CoA inhibition. In liver CPT-I activity is also regulated by changes in the enzyme's sensitivity to malonyl-CoA. As fluctuations in tissue malonyl-CoA content are parallel with changes in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, which in turn is under the control of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, the CPT-I/malonyl-CoA system is part of a fuel sensing gauge, turning off and on fatty acid oxidation depending on the tissue's energy demand. Additional mechanism(s) of short-term control of CPT-I activity are emerging. One proposed mechanism involves phosphorylation/dephosphorylation dependent direct interaction of cytoskeletal components with the mitochondrial outer membrane or CPT-I. We have proposed that contact sites between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes form a microenvironment which facilitates the carnitine transport system. In addition, this system includes the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase and porin as components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kerner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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45
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Abstract
The transport of activated fatty acids across the mitochondrial outer membrane has not been fully addressed. A polyanion (M(n)=22 kDa) inhibited the ADP-stimulated carnitine-dependent oxidation of both palmitoyl-CoA and palmitate plus CoA as well as mitochondrial hexokinase binding. In contrast, the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine plus malate, as well as glutamate oxidation, was essentially unaffected. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 was not inhibited by the polyanion. The data suggest an additional component in carnitine-dependent mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, possibly porin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Turkaly
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Departments of Nutrition, Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical Research Service (151W), 10701 East Blvd., Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
Carnitine functions as a substrate for a family of enzymes, carnitine acyltransferases, involved in acyl-coenzyme A metabolism and as a carrier for long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Carnitine biosynthesis and/or dietary carnitine fulfill the body's requirement for carnitine. To date, a genetic disorder of carnitine biosynthesis has not been described. A genetic defect in the high-affinity plasma membrane carnitine-carrier(in) leads to renal carnitine wasting and primary carnitine deficiency. Myopathic carnitine deficiency could be due to an increase in efflux moderated by the carnitine-carrier(out). Defects in the carnitine transport system for fatty acids in mitochondria have been described and are being examined at the molecular and pathophysiological levels. the nutritional management of these disorders includes a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet and avoidance of those events that promote fatty acid oxidation, such as fasting, prolonged exercise, and cold. Large-dose carnitine treatment is effective in systemic carnitine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kerner
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Department of Nutrition, Cleveland, USA
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Steinberg L, Hassan M, Olmsted L, Sharan V, Stepnick D, Hoppel C, Mugharbil A, Subramanyan S, McGloin B, Mackay W, Strauss M. A phase I trial of radiotherapy and simultaneous 24-hour paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 1997; 24:S19-51-S19-56. [PMID: 9427267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that tumor cells exposed to paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) for protracted periods (ie, 24 hours) and then irradiated undergo enhanced radiation-induced cell kill. Importantly, paclitaxel-induced tumor cell mitotic arrest at the time of radiation was associated with the enhanced cell kill. At the Case Western Reserve Cancer Center, we have conducted a phase I trial in 24 patients with either locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate the clinical and pharmacologic effects of a 24-hour paclitaxel infusion combined with radiotherapy. The maximum tolerated dose was < or =75 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity was febrile granulocytopenia. Mucositis was significant and necessitated the use of enteral feeding tubes in the majority of patients. All patients with locally advanced disease demonstrated either a complete response or major partial response. At a median follow-up of 13.4 months, disease has relapsed in only two of 22 patients with locally advanced disease. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that a dose of > or =75 mg/m2 achieved near steady-state mean paclitaxel plasma concentrations greatly exceeding the threshold concentrations shown to alter microtubule function and induce tumor cell mitotic arrest in vitro. Pharmacodynamic studies performed at 21 to 26 hours after initiation of infusion demonstrated that a dose of > or =75 mg/m2 uniformly induced tumor cell mitotic arrest and oral epithelial mitotic arrest. The pharmacologic data and outcome results provide a strong rationale for the continued use of a 24-hour paclitaxel infusion and concurrent radiation for the treatment of newly diagnosed, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Steinberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cancer Center, OH 44106, USA
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Forman WB, Cook CE, Zacharski LR, Moritz TE, Henderson WG, Hoppel C, Rickles FR. Influence of age, performance status, body weight, and tumor type in individuals with cancer on the disposition of warfarin and its enantiomers: Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study number 75. J Lab Clin Med 1992; 119:280-4. [PMID: 1541877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma warfarin and its R,S enantiomer concentrations, one-stage prothrombin times, and mean daily warfarin doses were analyzed in 196 patients given warfarin. These individuals were part of a controlled clinical trial that examined the effect of warfarin as an adjuvant to "standard" treatment in a variety of malignancies. Neither the plasma warfarin concentration nor the daily warfarin dose required to produce a given degree of prothrombin-time prolongation was influenced by age or body weight in these subjects. When the data were analyzed by performance status, we noted several variations of interest. Individuals with different tumor types demonstrated disparities in warfarin disposition. Patients with colorectal cancer, for example, required lower mean daily warfarin doses to achieve a given degree of one-stage prothrombin time prolongation. Analysis of warfarin enantiomers (R,S) in a selected group of patients demonstrated a lower-than-normal ratio (2:1) for the colorectal cancer group (1.42:1) because of an apparent decrease in the plasma R component. In contrast, patients with head and neck cancer demonstrated a ratio of 2.85:1, and the R component was elevated. Warfarin disposition and the effect of warfarin on vitamin K-dependent clotting factor production were altered in the patients with cancer reported in this study. The mechanisms for these alterations are complex and not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Forman
- University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque 87131
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Abstract
Furosemide, 20 mg, was given intravenously as a bolus to seven patients with cirrhotic ascites and a 10-mg intravenous bolus dose was given to three normal subjects. Furosemide concentrations were measured by a specific high-performance liquid chromatographic analytic method. The median plasma elimination half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution at a steady state (VdSS), and VDarea of furosemide were 0.70 hr, 91 ml/kg, and 119 ml/kg in normal subjects. In the cirrhotic patients elimination t1/2 and Vd at steady state doubled and the Vdarea of furosemide was almost double that of the normal. There were no differences in plasma clearance or renal and nonrenal clearance between patients and controls, but five of the seven patients had lower renal clearances than controls. The water and sodium response to furosemide was directly related to the urinary furosemide excretion rate. We identified a subset of cirrhotic patients who responded poorly (125 ml/hr urinary output in the first 4 hr after furosemide compared to 300 ml/hr in the other patients and 400 ml/hr in the controls) to furosemide. These "poor responders" had the lowest renal clearance of furosemide and the lowest urinary furosemide excretion rates. Our data indicate that furosemide kinetics are altered in patients with cirrhotic ascites and lack of response in a subset of these patients is due to lack of delivery of furosemide to the renal site of its action.
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Ionasescu V, Hug G, Hoppel C. Combined partial deficiency of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and carnitine with autosomal dominant inheritance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980; 43:679-82. [PMID: 7431028 PMCID: PMC490638 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.43.8.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The authors studied a 53 year old woman and her 22 year old son with episodes of paroxysmal muscle cramps and dark urines lasting several hours related to high fat diet and strenuous physical exercise beginning on both at age 14 years. The father, paternal uncle, paternal grandfather and another son of the mother also had paroxysmal muscle cramps. The two studied cases showed normal findings for physical evaluation, blood lactate after ischemic exercise, and muscle histology (light and electron microscopy). The serum creatine kinase was elevated in the son and normal in the mother. However, 72 hour fasting significantly raised the serum creatine kinase level in both cases. Plasma concentration of ketone bodies and acid soluble acyl-carnitine increased normally with prolonged fasting. The biochemical evaluation of the muscle tissue revealed intact anaerobic glycolysis and normal glycogen content but combined partial deficiency of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and carnitine in both cases.
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