1
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Chen X, Yang W, Roberts CWM, Zhang J. Author Correction: Developmental origins shape the paediatric cancer genome. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00710-w. [PMID: 38773327 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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2
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Chen X, Yang W, Roberts CWM, Zhang J. Developmental origins shape the paediatric cancer genome. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00684-9. [PMID: 38698126 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, technological advances have brought unprecedented insights into the paediatric cancer genome revealing characteristics distinct from those of adult cancer. Originating from developing tissues, paediatric cancers generally have low mutation burden and are driven by variants that disrupt the transcriptional activity, chromatin state, non-coding cis-regulatory regions and other biological functions. Within each tumour, there are multiple populations of cells with varying states, and the lineages of some can be tracked to their fetal origins. Genome-wide genetic screening has identified vulnerabilities associated with both the cell of origin and transcription deregulation in paediatric cancer, which have become a valuable resource for designing new therapeutic approaches including those for small molecules, immunotherapy and targeted protein degradation. In this Review, we present recent findings on these facets of paediatric cancer from a pan-cancer perspective and provide an outlook on future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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3
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Radko-Juettner S, Yue H, Myers JA, Carter RD, Robertson AN, Mittal P, Zhu Z, Hansen BS, Donovan KA, Hunkeler M, Rosikiewicz W, Wu Z, McReynolds MG, Roy Burman SS, Schmoker AM, Mageed N, Brown SA, Mobley RJ, Partridge JF, Stewart EA, Pruett-Miller SM, Nabet B, Peng J, Gray NS, Fischer ES, Roberts CWM. Author Correction: Targeting DCAF5 suppresses SMARCB1-mutant cancer by stabilizing SWI/SNF. Nature 2024; 629:E12. [PMID: 38684813 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandi Radko-Juettner
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Myers
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raymond D Carter
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alexis N Robertson
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Priya Mittal
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhexin Zhu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Baranda S Hansen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moritz Hunkeler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meghan G McReynolds
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shourya S Roy Burman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Schmoker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nada Mageed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Mobley
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Janet F Partridge
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stewart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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4
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Radko-Juettner S, Yue H, Myers JA, Carter RD, Robertson AN, Mittal P, Zhu Z, Hansen BS, Donovan KA, Hunkeler M, Rosikiewicz W, Wu Z, McReynolds MG, Roy Burman SS, Schmoker AM, Mageed N, Brown SA, Mobley RJ, Partridge JF, Stewart EA, Pruett-Miller SM, Nabet B, Peng J, Gray NS, Fischer ES, Roberts CWM. Targeting DCAF5 suppresses SMARCB1-mutant cancer by stabilizing SWI/SNF. Nature 2024; 628:442-449. [PMID: 38538798 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Whereas oncogenes can potentially be inhibited with small molecules, the loss of tumour suppressors is more common and is problematic because the tumour-suppressor proteins are no longer present to be targeted. Notable examples include SMARCB1-mutant cancers, which are highly lethal malignancies driven by the inactivation of a subunit of SWI/SNF (also known as BAF) chromatin-remodelling complexes. Here, to generate mechanistic insights into the consequences of SMARCB1 mutation and to identify vulnerabilities, we contributed 14 SMARCB1-mutant cell lines to a near genome-wide CRISPR screen as part of the Cancer Dependency Map Project1-3. We report that the little-studied gene DDB1-CUL4-associated factor 5 (DCAF5) is required for the survival of SMARCB1-mutant cancers. We show that DCAF5 has a quality-control function for SWI/SNF complexes and promotes the degradation of incompletely assembled SWI/SNF complexes in the absence of SMARCB1. After depletion of DCAF5, SMARCB1-deficient SWI/SNF complexes reaccumulate, bind to target loci and restore SWI/SNF-mediated gene expression to levels that are sufficient to reverse the cancer state, including in vivo. Consequently, cancer results not from the loss of SMARCB1 function per se, but rather from DCAF5-mediated degradation of SWI/SNF complexes. These data indicate that therapeutic targeting of ubiquitin-mediated quality-control factors may effectively reverse the malignant state of some cancers driven by disruption of tumour suppressor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi Radko-Juettner
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Myers
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raymond D Carter
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alexis N Robertson
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Priya Mittal
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhexin Zhu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Baranda S Hansen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moritz Hunkeler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meghan G McReynolds
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shourya S Roy Burman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Schmoker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nada Mageed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Mobley
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Janet F Partridge
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stewart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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5
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Flores-Toro JA, Jagu S, Armstrong GT, Arons DF, Aune GJ, Chanock SJ, Hawkins DS, Heath A, Helman LJ, Janeway KA, Levine JE, Miller E, Penberthy L, Roberts CWM, Shalley ER, Shern JF, Smith MA, Staudt LM, Volchenboum SL, Zhang J, Zenklusen JC, Lowy DR, Sharpless NE, Guidry Auvil JM, Kerlavage AR, Widemann BC, Reaman GH, Kibbe WA, Doroshow JH. The Childhood Cancer Data Initiative: Using the Power of Data to Learn From and Improve Outcomes for Every Child and Young Adult With Pediatric Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4045-4053. [PMID: 37267580 PMCID: PMC10461939 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Data-driven basic, translational, and clinical research has resulted in improved outcomes for children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with pediatric cancers. However, challenges in sharing data between institutions, particularly in research, prevent addressing substantial unmet needs in children and AYA patients diagnosed with certain pediatric cancers. Systematically collecting and sharing data from every child and AYA can enable greater understanding of pediatric cancers, improve survivorship, and accelerate development of new and more effective therapies. To accomplish this goal, the Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI) was launched in 2019 at the National Cancer Institute. CCDI is a collaborative community endeavor supported by a 10-year, $50-million (in US dollars) annual federal investment. CCDI aims to learn from every patient diagnosed with a pediatric cancer by designing and building a data ecosystem that facilitates data collection, sharing, and analysis for researchers, clinicians, and patients across the cancer community. For example, CCDI's Molecular Characterization Initiative provides comprehensive clinical molecular characterization for children and AYAs with newly diagnosed cancers. Through these efforts, the CCDI strives to provide clinical benefit to patients and improvements in diagnosis and care through data-focused research support and to build expandable, sustainable data resources and workflows to advance research well past the planned 10 years of the initiative. Importantly, if CCDI demonstrates the success of this model for pediatric cancers, similar approaches can be applied to adults, transforming both clinical research and treatment to improve outcomes for all patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison Heath
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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6
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Zhu Z, Chen X, Guo A, Manzano T, Walsh PJ, Wills KM, Halliburton R, Radko-Juettner S, Carter RD, Partridge JF, Green DR, Zhang J, Roberts CWM. Mitotic bookmarking by SWI/SNF subunits. Nature 2023; 618:180-187. [PMID: 37225980 PMCID: PMC10303083 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For cells to initiate and sustain a differentiated state, it is necessary that a 'memory' of this state is transmitted through mitosis to the daughter cells1-3. Mammalian switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complexes (also known as Brg1/Brg-associated factors, or BAF) control cell identity by modulating chromatin architecture to regulate gene expression4-7, but whether they participate in cell fate memory is unclear. Here we provide evidence that subunits of SWI/SNF act as mitotic bookmarks to safeguard cell identity during cell division. The SWI/SNF core subunits SMARCE1 and SMARCB1 are displaced from enhancers but are bound to promoters during mitosis, and we show that this binding is required for appropriate reactivation of bound genes after mitotic exit. Ablation of SMARCE1 during a single mitosis in mouse embryonic stem cells is sufficient to disrupt gene expression, impair the occupancy of several established bookmarks at a subset of their targets and cause aberrant neural differentiation. Thus, SWI/SNF subunit SMARCE1 has a mitotic bookmarking role and is essential for heritable epigenetic fidelity during transcriptional reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexin Zhu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ao Guo
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Trishabelle Manzano
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kendall M Wills
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Halliburton
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sandi Radko-Juettner
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raymond D Carter
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Janet F Partridge
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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7
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Guo A, Huang H, Zhu Z, Chen MJ, Shi H, Yuan S, Sharma P, Connelly JP, Liedmann S, Dhungana Y, Li Z, Haydar D, Yang M, Beere H, Yustein JT, DeRenzo C, Pruett-Miller SM, Crawford JC, Krenciute G, Roberts CWM, Chi H, Green DR. cBAF complex components and MYC cooperate early in CD8 + T cell fate. Nature 2022; 607:135-141. [PMID: 35732731 PMCID: PMC9623036 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The identification of mechanisms to promote memory T (Tmem) cells has important implications for vaccination and anti-cancer immunotherapy1-4. Using a CRISPR-based screen for negative regulators of Tmem cell generation in vivo5, here we identify multiple components of the mammalian canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (cBAF)6,7. Several components of the cBAF complex are essential for the differentiation of activated CD8+ T cells into T effector (Teff) cells, and their loss promotes Tmem cell formation in vivo. During the first division of activated CD8+ T cells, cBAF and MYC8 frequently co-assort asymmetrically to the two daughter cells. Daughter cells with high MYC and high cBAF display a cell fate trajectory towards Teff cells, whereas those with low MYC and low cBAF preferentially differentiate towards Tmem cells. The cBAF complex and MYC physically interact to establish the chromatin landscape in activated CD8+ T cells. Treatment of naive CD8+ T cells with a putative cBAF inhibitor during the first 48 h of activation, before the generation of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, markedly improves efficacy in a mouse solid tumour model. Our results establish cBAF as a negative determinant of Tmem cell fate and suggest that manipulation of cBAF early in T cell differentiation can improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhexin Zhu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark J Chen
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sujing Yuan
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Piyush Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jon P Connelly
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Swantje Liedmann
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhenrui Li
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dalia Haydar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mao Yang
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Helen Beere
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Baylor Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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8
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Dharia NV, Kugener G, Guenther LM, Malone CF, Durbin AD, Hong AL, Howard TP, Bandopadhayay P, Wechsler CS, Fung I, Warren AC, Dempster JM, Krill-Burger JM, Paolella BR, Moh P, Jha N, Tang A, Montgomery P, Boehm JS, Hahn WC, Roberts CWM, McFarland JM, Tsherniak A, Golub TR, Vazquez F, Stegmaier K. A first-generation pediatric cancer dependency map. Nat Genet 2021; 53:529-538. [PMID: 33753930 PMCID: PMC8049517 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exciting therapeutic targets are emerging from CRISPR-based screens of high mutational-burden adult cancers. A key question, however, is whether functional genomic approaches will yield new targets in pediatric cancers, known for remarkably few mutations, which often encode proteins considered challenging drug targets. To address this, we created a first-generation pediatric cancer dependency map representing 13 pediatric solid and brain tumor types. Eighty-two pediatric cancer cell lines were subjected to genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screening to identify genes required for cell survival. In contrast to the finding that pediatric cancers harbor fewer somatic mutations, we found a similar complexity of genetic dependencies in pediatric cancer cell lines compared to that in adult models. Findings from the pediatric cancer dependency map provide preclinical support for ongoing precision medicine clinical trials. The vulnerabilities observed in pediatric cancers were often distinct from those in adult cancer, indicating that repurposing adult oncology drugs will be insufficient to address childhood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillaume Kugener
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lillian M Guenther
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare F Malone
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas P Howard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline S Wechsler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Fung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Phoebe Moh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nishant Jha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Tang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Todd R Golub
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Oberlick EM, Rees MG, Seashore-Ludlow B, Vazquez F, Nelson GM, Dharia NV, Weir BA, Tsherniak A, Ghandi M, Krill-Burger JM, Meyers RM, Wang X, Montgomery P, Root DE, Bieber JM, Radko S, Cheah JH, Hon CSY, Shamji AF, Clemons PA, Park PJ, Dyer MA, Golub TR, Stegmaier K, Hahn WC, Stewart EA, Schreiber SL, Roberts CWM. Small-Molecule and CRISPR Screening Converge to Reveal Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Dependencies in Pediatric Rhabdoid Tumors. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2331-2344.e8. [PMID: 31461650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often seen as a disease of mutations and chromosomal abnormalities. However, some cancers, including pediatric rhabdoid tumors (RTs), lack recurrent alterations targetable by current drugs and need alternative, informed therapeutic options. To nominate potential targets, we performed a high-throughput small-molecule screen complemented by a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 gene-knockout screen in a large number of RT and control cell lines. These approaches converged to reveal several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as therapeutic targets, with RTK inhibition effective in suppressing RT cell growth in vitro and against a xenograft model in vivo. RT cell lines highly express and activate (phosphorylate) different RTKs, creating dependency without mutation or amplification. Downstream of RTK signaling, we identified PTPN11, encoding the pro-growth signaling protein SHP2, as a shared dependency across all RT cell lines. This study demonstrates that large-scale perturbational screening can uncover vulnerabilities in cancers with "quiet" genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Oberlick
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Geoffrey M Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandi Radko
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stewart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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10
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Howard TP, Oberlick EM, Rees MG, Arnoff TE, Pham MT, Brenan L, DoCarmo M, Hong AL, Kugener G, Chou HC, Drosos Y, Mathias KM, Ramos P, Seashore-Ludlow B, Giacomelli AO, Wang X, Freeman BB, Blankenship K, Hoffmann L, Tiv HL, Gokhale PC, Johannessen CM, Stewart EA, Schreiber SL, Hahn WC, Roberts CWM. Rhabdoid Tumors Are Sensitive to the Protein-Translation Inhibitor Homoharringtonine. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4995-5006. [PMID: 32631955 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhabdoid tumors are devastating pediatric cancers in need of improved therapies. We sought to identify small molecules that exhibit in vitro and in vivo efficacy against preclinical models of rhabdoid tumor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We screened eight rhabdoid tumor cell lines with 481 small molecules and compared their sensitivity with that of 879 other cancer cell lines. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation screens in rhabdoid tumors were analyzed to confirm target vulnerabilities. Gene expression and CRISPR-Cas9 data were queried across cell lines and primary rhabdoid tumors to discover biomarkers of small-molecule sensitivity. Molecular correlates were validated by manipulating gene expression. Subcutaneous rhabdoid tumor xenografts were treated with the most effective drug to confirm in vitro results. RESULTS Small-molecule screening identified the protein-translation inhibitor homoharringtonine (HHT), an FDA-approved treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), as the sole drug to which all rhabdoid tumor cell lines were selectively sensitive. Validation studies confirmed the sensitivity of rhabdoid tumor to HHT was comparable with that of CML cell lines. Low expression of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2L1, which encodes Bcl-XL, was the strongest predictor of HHT sensitivity, and HHT treatment consistently depleted Mcl-1, the synthetic-lethal antiapoptotic partner of Bcl-XL. Rhabdoid tumor cell lines and primary-tumor samples expressed low BCL2L1, and overexpression of BCL2L1 induced resistance to HHT in rhabdoid tumor cells. Furthermore, HHT treatment inhibited rhabdoid tumor cell line and patient-derived xenograft growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Rhabdoid tumor cell lines and xenografts are highly sensitive to HHT, at least partially due to their low expression of BCL2L1. HHT may have therapeutic potential against rhabdoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Howard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elaine M Oberlick
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor E Arnoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Minh-Tam Pham
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Brenan
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mariana DoCarmo
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Hsien-Chao Chou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yiannis Drosos
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kaeli M Mathias
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Andrew O Giacomelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Burgess B Freeman
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kaley Blankenship
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lauren Hoffmann
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hong L Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Elizabeth A Stewart
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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11
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Wang X, Wang S, Troisi EC, Howard TP, Haswell JR, Wolf BK, Hawk WH, Ramos P, Oberlick EM, Tzvetkov EP, Ross A, Vazquez F, Hahn WC, Park PJ, Roberts CWM. Author Correction: BRD9 defines a SWI/SNF sub-complex and constitutes a specific vulnerability in malignant rhabdoid tumors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4445. [PMID: 31558726 PMCID: PMC6763484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emma C Troisi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas P Howard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Haswell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bennett K Wolf
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | - William H Hawk
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Elaine M Oberlick
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Evgeni P Tzvetkov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aaron Ross
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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12
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Howard TP, Arnoff TE, Song MR, Giacomelli AO, Wang X, Hong AL, Dharia NV, Wang S, Vazquez F, Pham MT, Morgan AM, Wachter F, Bird GH, Kugener G, Oberlick EM, Rees MG, Tiv HL, Hwang JH, Walsh KH, Cook A, Krill-Burger JM, Tsherniak A, Gokhale PC, Park PJ, Stegmaier K, Walensky LD, Hahn WC, Roberts CWM. MDM2 and MDM4 Are Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2404-2414. [PMID: 30755442 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are highly aggressive pediatric cancers that respond poorly to current therapies. In this study, we screened several MRT cell lines with large-scale RNAi, CRISPR-Cas9, and small-molecule libraries to identify potential drug targets specific for these cancers. We discovered MDM2 and MDM4, the canonical negative regulators of p53, as significant vulnerabilities. Using two compounds currently in clinical development, idasanutlin (MDM2-specific) and ATSP-7041 (MDM2/4-dual), we show that MRT cells were more sensitive than other p53 wild-type cancer cell lines to inhibition of MDM2 alone as well as dual inhibition of MDM2/4. These compounds caused significant upregulation of the p53 pathway in MRT cells, and sensitivity was ablated by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of TP53. We show that loss of SMARCB1, a subunit of the SWI/SNF (BAF) complex mutated in nearly all MRTs, sensitized cells to MDM2 and MDM2/4 inhibition by enhancing p53-mediated apoptosis. Both MDM2 and MDM2/4 inhibition slowed MRT xenograft growth in vivo, with a 5-day idasanutlin pulse causing marked regression of all xenografts, including durable complete responses in 50% of mice. Together, these studies identify a genetic connection between mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex and the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and provide preclinical evidence to support the targeting of MDM2 and MDM4 in this often-fatal pediatric cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies two targets, MDM2 and MDM4, as vulnerabilities in a deadly pediatric cancer and provides preclinical evidence that compounds inhibiting these proteins have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Howard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor E Arnoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melinda R Song
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew O Giacomelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Minh-Tam Pham
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann M Morgan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Franziska Wachter
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory H Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Elaine M Oberlick
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hong L Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin H Hwang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine H Walsh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - April Cook
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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13
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Carugo A, Minelli R, Sapio L, Soeung M, Carbone F, Robinson FS, Tepper J, Chen Z, Lovisa S, Svelto M, Amin S, Srinivasan S, Del Poggetto E, Loponte S, Puca F, Dey P, Malouf GG, Su X, Li L, Lopez-Terrada D, Rakheja D, Lazar AJ, Netto GJ, Rao P, Sgambato A, Maitra A, Tripathi DN, Walker CL, Karam JA, Heffernan TP, Viale A, Roberts CWM, Msaouel P, Tannir NM, Draetta GF, Genovese G. p53 Is a Master Regulator of Proteostasis in SMARCB1-Deficient Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:204-220.e9. [PMID: 30753823 PMCID: PMC7876656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in chromatin remodeling genes have been increasingly implicated in human oncogenesis. Specifically, the biallelic inactivation of the SWI/SNF subunit SMARCB1 results in the emergence of extremely aggressive pediatric malignancies. Here, we developed embryonic mosaic mouse models of malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) that faithfully recapitulate the clinical-pathological features of the human disease. We demonstrated that SMARCB1-deficient malignancies exhibit dramatic activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress response via a genetically intact MYC-p19ARF-p53 axis. As a consequence, these tumors display an exquisite sensitivity to agents inducing proteotoxic stress and inhibition of the autophagic machinery. In conclusion, our findings provide a rationale for drug repositioning trials investigating combinations of agents targeting the UPR and autophagy in SMARCB1-deficient MRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carugo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Federica Carbone
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frederick S Robinson
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Tepper
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ziheng Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Svelto
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Samirkumar Amin
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edoardo Del Poggetto
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara Loponte
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Puca
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, 1 Place de L'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liren Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street/Carnegie 417, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Durga N Tripathi
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Erkek S, Johann PD, Finetti MA, Drosos Y, Chou HC, Zapatka M, Sturm D, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Rhyzova M, Wolf S, Mallm JP, Beck K, Witt O, Kulozik AE, Frühwald MC, Northcott PA, Korbel JO, Lichter P, Eils R, Gajjar A, Roberts CWM, Williamson D, Hasselblatt M, Chavez L, Pfister SM, Kool M. Comprehensive Analysis of Chromatin States in Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Identifies Diverging Roles for SWI/SNF and Polycomb in Gene Regulation. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:95-110.e8. [PMID: 30595504 PMCID: PMC6341227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1, encoding a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is the hallmark genetic aberration of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT). Here, we report how loss of SMARCB1 affects the epigenome in these tumors. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) on primary tumors for a series of active and repressive histone marks, we identified the chromatin states differentially represented in ATRTs compared with other brain tumors and non-neoplastic brain. Re-expression of SMARCB1 in ATRT cell lines enabled confirmation of our genome-wide findings for the chromatin states. Additional generation of ChIP-seq data for SWI/SNF and Polycomb group proteins and the transcriptional repressor protein REST determined differential dependencies of SWI/SNF and Polycomb complexes in regulation of diverse gene sets in ATRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Erkek
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pascal D Johann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina A Finetti
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, NE2 Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yiannis Drosos
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, USA
| | - Hsien-Chao Chou
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, USA
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Rhyzova
- Department of Neuropathology, Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stephan Wolf
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Genome Organization & Function Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Beck
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- University Children's Hospital Augsburg, Swabian Children's Cancer Center, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; EU-RHAB Registry Center, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Genome Organization & Function Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, USA
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, NE2 Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Vierbuchen T, Ling E, Cowley CJ, Couch CH, Wang X, Harmin DA, Roberts CWM, Greenberg ME. AP-1 Transcription Factors and the BAF Complex Mediate Signal-Dependent Enhancer Selection. Mol Cell 2018; 68:1067-1082.e12. [PMID: 29272704 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer elements are genomic regulatory sequences that direct the selective expression of genes so that genetically identical cells can differentiate and acquire the highly specialized forms and functions required to build a functioning animal. To differentiate, cells must select from among the ∼106 enhancers encoded in the genome the thousands of enhancers that drive the gene programs that impart their distinct features. We used a genetic approach to identify transcription factors (TFs) required for enhancer selection in fibroblasts. This revealed that the broadly expressed, growth-factor-inducible TFs FOS/JUN (AP-1) play a central role in enhancer selection. FOS/JUN selects enhancers together with cell-type-specific TFs by collaboratively binding to nucleosomal enhancers and recruiting the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex to establish accessible chromatin. These experiments demonstrate how environmental signals acting via FOS/JUN and BAF coordinate with cell-type-specific TFs to select enhancer repertoires that enable differentiation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vierbuchen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Emi Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher J Cowley
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cameron H Couch
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David A Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Roberts CWM. Abstract IA15: SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes are frequently mutated in cancer: Mechanisms and vulnerabilities. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca17-ia15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Data emerging over the last several years implicate SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes as a major tumor suppressor as frequent inactivating mutations in at least nine different SWI/SNF subunits, collectively identified in 20% of all cancers. These include recurrent mutations of ARID1A (BAF250a) in ovarian, endometrioid, bladder, stomach, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers and neuroblastoma; of the BRG1 (SMARCA4) subunit in medulloblastomas and non-small cell lung cancers; of the PBRM1 (BAF180) subunit in renal carcinomas; of the ARID2 subunit in hepatocellular, lung, and pancreas carcinomas as well as melanomas; and of the BRD7 subunit in breast cancers. The SWI/SNF complex includes both core and lineage-specific subunits and utilizes the energy of ATP to modulate chromatin structure and regulate transcription. My laboratory began studying the SWI/SNF complex when SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1/BAF47) became the first SWI/SNF subunit linked to tumor suppression over fifteen years ago when it was found to be biallelically inactivated in nearly all cases of a highly aggressive type of pediatric cancer called malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT). Despite the extremely aggressive and lethal nature of MRT, we have shown that these cancers are diploid and have remarkably simple genomes. We now study the complex using mouse models, cell lines, and primary human tumor samples. Insights into the normal function of SWI/SNF complexes, the mechanisms by which mutation of the complexes drive cancer formation, and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities created by mutation of the complex will be presented, including our recent efforts that identify a central role for SWI/SNF complexes in enhancer regulation.
Citation Format: Charles W. M. Roberts. SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes are frequently mutated in cancer: Mechanisms and vulnerabilities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
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17
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Giacomelli AO, Yang X, Lintner RE, McFarland JM, Duby M, Kim J, Howard TP, Takeda DY, Ly SH, Kim E, Gannon HS, Hurhula B, Sharpe T, Goodale A, Fritchman B, Steelman S, Vazquez F, Tsherniak A, Aguirre AJ, Doench JG, Piccioni F, Roberts CWM, Meyerson M, Getz G, Johannessen CM, Root DE, Hahn WC. Mutational processes shape the landscape of TP53 mutations in human cancer. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1381-1387. [PMID: 30224644 PMCID: PMC6168352 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unlike most tumor suppressor genes, the most common genetic alterations in TP53 are missense mutations1,2. Mutant p53 protein is often abundantly expressed in cancers, and specific allelic variants exhibit dominant-negative or gain-of-function activities in experimental models3–8. To gain a systematic view of p53 function, we interrogated loss-of-function screens conducted in hundreds of human cancer cell lines and performed TP53 saturation mutagenesis screens in an isogenic pair of TP53-wild-type and -null cell lines. We found that loss or dominant-negative inhibition of p53 function reliably enhanced cellular fitness. By integrating these data with the COSMIC mutational signatures database9,10, we developed a statistical model that describes the TP53 mutational spectrum as a function of the baseline probability of acquiring each mutation and the fitness advantage conferred by attenuation of p53 activity. Collectively, these observations show that widely-acting and tissue-specific mutational processes combine with phenotypic selection to dictate the frequencies of recurrent TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Giacomelli
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Duby
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaegil Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas P Howard
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Y Takeda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seav Huong Ly
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eejung Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hugh S Gannon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Hurhula
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ted Sharpe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Francisca Vazquez
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Charles W M Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Kuwahara Y, Kennedy LM, Karnezis AN, Mora-Blanco EL, Rogers AB, Fletcher CD, Huntsman DG, Roberts CWM, Rathmell WK, Weissman BE. High Frequency of Ovarian Cyst Development in Vhl 2B/+;Snf5 +/- Mice. Am J Pathol 2018; 188:1510-1516. [PMID: 29684361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The new paradigm of mutations in chromatin-modifying genes as driver events in the development of cancers has proved challenging to resolve the complex influences over disease phenotypes. In particular, impaired activities of members of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex have appeared in an increasing variety of tumors. Mutations in SNF5, a member of this ubiquitously expressed complex, arise in almost all cases of malignant rhabdoid tumor in the absence of additional genetic alterations. Therefore, we studied how activation of additional oncogenic pathways might shift the phenotype of disease driven by SNF5 loss. With the use of a genetically engineered mouse model, we examined the effects of a hypomorphic Vhl2B allele on disease phenotype, with a modest up-regulation of the hypoxia response pathway. Snf5+/-;Vhl2B/+ mice did not demonstrate a substantial difference in overall survival or a change in malignant rhabdoid tumor development. However, a high percentage of female mice showed complex hemorrhagic ovarian cysts, a phenotype rarely found in either parental mouse strain. These lesions also showed mosaic expression of SNF5 by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, our studies implicate that modest changes in angiogenic regulation interact with perturbations of SWI/SNF complex activity to modulate disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leslie M Kennedy
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Lorena Mora-Blanco
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arlin B Rogers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bernard E Weissman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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19
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Roberts CWM. Abstract IA01: SWI/SNF (BAF) complex mutations in cancer: Mechanisms and vulnerabilities. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.sarcomas17-ia01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Data emerging over the last several years implicate SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes as a major tumor suppressor as frequent inactivating mutations in at least nine different SWI/SNF subunits, collectively identified in 20% of all cancers. These include recurrent mutations of ARID1A (BAF250a) in ovarian, endometrioid, bladder, stomach, colorectal and pancreatic cancers and neuroblastoma; of the BRG1 (SMARCA4) subunit in medulloblastomas and non-small cell lung cancers; of the PBRM1 (BAF180) subunit in renal carcinomas; of the ARID2 subunit in hepatocellular, lung, and pancreas carcinomas as well as melanomas; and of the BRD7 subunit in breast cancers. The SWI/SNF complex includes both core and lineage-specific subunits and utilizes the energy of ATP to modulate chromatin structure and regulate transcription.
My laboratory began studying the SWI/SNF complex when SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1/BAF47) became the first SWI/SNF subunit linked to tumor suppression over fifteen years ago when it was found to be biallelically inactivated in nearly all cases of a highly aggressive type of pediatric cancer called malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT). Despite the extremely aggressive and lethal nature of MRT, we have shown that these cancers are diploid and have remarkably simple genomes. We now study the complex using mouse models, cell lines, and primary human tumor samples. Insights into the normal function of SWI/SNF complexes, the mechanisms by which mutation of the complexes drive cancer formation, and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities created by mutation of the complex will be presented, including our recent efforts that identify a central role for SWI/SNF complexes in enhancer regulation.
Citation Format: Charles W. M. Roberts. SWI/SNF (BAF) complex mutations in cancer: Mechanisms and vulnerabilities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
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20
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Henssen AG, Koche R, Zhuang J, Jiang E, Reed C, Eisenberg A, Still E, MacArthur IC, Rodríguez-Fos E, Gonzalez S, Puiggròs M, Blackford AN, Mason CE, de Stanchina E, Gönen M, Emde AK, Shah M, Arora K, Reeves C, Socci ND, Perlman E, Antonescu CR, Roberts CWM, Steen H, Mullen E, Jackson SP, Torrents D, Weng Z, Armstrong SA, Kentsis A. PGBD5 promotes site-specific oncogenic mutations in human tumors. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1005-1014. [PMID: 28504702 PMCID: PMC5489359 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements are a hallmark of human cancers. Here, we identify the piggyBac transposable element derived 5 (PGBD5) gene as encoding an active DNA transposase expressed in the majority of childhood solid tumors, including lethal rhabdoid tumors. Using assembly-based whole-genome DNA sequencing, we found previously undefined genomic rearrangements in human rhabdoid tumors. These rearrangements involved PGBD5-specific signal (PSS) sequences at their breakpoints and recurrently inactivated tumor-suppressor genes. PGBD5 was physically associated with genomic PSS sequences that were also sufficient to mediate PGBD5-induced DNA rearrangements in rhabdoid tumor cells. Ectopic expression of PGBD5 in primary immortalized human cells was sufficient to promote cell transformation in vivo. This activity required specific catalytic residues in the PGBD5 transposase domain as well as end-joining DNA repair and induced structural rearrangements with PSS breakpoints. These results define PGBD5 as an oncogenic mutator and provide a plausible mechanism for site-specific DNA rearrangements in childhood and adult solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiali Zhuang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Eisenberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian C. MacArthur
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elias Rodríguez-Fos
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Gonzalez
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggròs
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew N. Blackford
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas D. Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Perlman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mullen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Torrents
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Scott A. Armstrong
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Henssen AG, Koche R, Zhuang J, Jiang E, Reed C, Eisenberg A, Still E, MacArthur IC, Rodríguez-Fos E, Gonzalez S, Puiggròs M, Blackford AN, Mason CE, de Stanchina E, Gönen M, Emde AK, Shah M, Arora K, Reeves C, Socci ND, Perlman E, Antonescu CR, Roberts CWM, Steen H, Mullen E, Jackson SP, Torrents D, Weng Z, Armstrong SA, Kentsis A. PGBD5 promotes site-specific oncogenic mutations in human tumors. Nat Genet 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3866 [doi]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Genovese G, Carugo A, Tepper J, Robinson FS, Li L, Svelto M, Nezi L, Corti D, Minelli R, Pettazzoni P, Gutschner T, Wu CC, Seth S, Akdemir KC, Leo E, Amin S, Molin MD, Ying H, Kwong LN, Colla S, Takahashi K, Ghosh P, Giuliani V, Muller F, Dey P, Jiang S, Garvey J, Liu CG, Zhang J, Heffernan TP, Toniatti C, Fleming JB, Goggins MG, Wood LD, Sgambato A, Agaimy A, Maitra A, Roberts CWM, Wang H, Viale A, DePinho RA, Draetta GF, Chin L. Synthetic vulnerabilities of mesenchymal subpopulations in pancreatic cancer. Nature 2017; 542:362-366. [PMID: 28178232 DOI: 10.1038/nature21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms evolve in response to changes in oncogenic signalling. Cancer cell plasticity in response to evolutionary pressures is fundamental to tumour progression and the development of therapeutic resistance. Here we determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cancer cell plasticity in a conditional oncogenic Kras mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a malignancy that displays considerable phenotypic diversity and morphological heterogeneity. In this model, stochastic extinction of oncogenic Kras signalling and emergence of Kras-independent escaper populations (cells that acquire oncogenic properties) are associated with de-differentiation and aggressive biological behaviour. Transcriptomic and functional analyses of Kras-independent escapers reveal the presence of Smarcb1-Myc-network-driven mesenchymal reprogramming and independence from MAPK signalling. A somatic mosaic model of PDAC, which allows time-restricted perturbation of cell fate, shows that depletion of Smarcb1 activates the Myc network, driving an anabolic switch that increases protein metabolism and adaptive activation of endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-induced survival pathways. Increased protein turnover renders mesenchymal sub-populations highly susceptible to pharmacological and genetic perturbation of the cellular proteostatic machinery and the IRE1-α-MKK4 arm of the endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-response pathway. Specifically, combination regimens that impair the unfolded protein responses block the emergence of aggressive mesenchymal subpopulations in mouse and patient-derived PDAC models. These molecular and biological insights inform a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting aggressive mesenchymal features of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20141, Italy
| | - James Tepper
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Frederick Scott Robinson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Liren Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Denise Corti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Pettazzoni
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kadir Caner Akdemir
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elisabetta Leo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Samirkumar Amin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Marco Dal Molin
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Papia Ghosh
- Office of Technology Commercialization, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Florian Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jill Garvey
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Carlo Toniatti
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 77027, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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23
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Mathur R, Alver BH, San Roman AK, Wilson BG, Wang X, Agoston AT, Park PJ, Shivdasani RA, Roberts CWM. ARID1A loss impairs enhancer-mediated gene regulation and drives colon cancer in mice. Nat Genet 2017; 49:296-302. [PMID: 27941798 PMCID: PMC5285448 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding subunits of SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin-remodeling complexes are collectively mutated in ∼20% of all human cancers. Although ARID1A is the most frequent target of mutations, the mechanism by which its inactivation promotes tumorigenesis is unclear. Here we demonstrate that Arid1a functions as a tumor suppressor in the mouse colon, but not the small intestine, and that invasive ARID1A-deficient adenocarcinomas resemble human colorectal cancer (CRC). These tumors lack deregulation of APC/β-catenin signaling components, which are crucial gatekeepers in common forms of intestinal cancer. We find that ARID1A normally targets SWI/SNF complexes to enhancers, where they function in coordination with transcription factors to facilitate gene activation. ARID1B preserves SWI/SNF function in ARID1A-deficient cells, but defects in SWI/SNF targeting and control of enhancer activity cause extensive dysregulation of gene expression. These findings represent an advance in colon cancer modeling and implicate enhancer-mediated gene regulation as a principal tumor-suppressor function of ARID1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mathur
- Program in Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Burak Han Alver
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrianna K. San Roman
- Program in Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Boris G. Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Agoston T. Agoston
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter J. Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramesh A. Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles W. M. Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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24
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Fahiminiya S, Witkowski L, Nadaf J, Carrot-Zhang J, Goudie C, Hasselblatt M, Johann P, Kool M, Lee RS, Gayden T, Roberts CWM, Biegel JA, Jabado N, Majewski J, Foulkes WD. Molecular analyses reveal close similarities between small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1732-40. [PMID: 26646792 PMCID: PMC4811493 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is the most common undifferentiated ovarian malignancy diagnosed in women under age 40. We and others recently determined that germline and/or somatic deleterious mutations in SMARCA4 characterize SCCOHT. Alterations in this gene, or the related SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling gene SMARCB1, have been previously reported in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) and malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs). To further describe the somatic landscape of SCCOHT, we performed whole exome sequencing on 14 tumors and their matched normal tissues and compared their genomic alterations with those in ATRT and ovarian high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). We confirmed that SMARCA4 is the only recurrently mutated gene in SCCOHT, and show that recurrent allelic imbalance is observed exclusively on chromosome 19p, where SMARCA4 resides. By comparing genomic alterations between SCCOHT, ATRT and HGSC, we demonstrate that SCCOHTs, like ATRTs, have a remarkably simple genome and harbor significantly fewer somatic protein-coding mutations and chromosomal alterations than HGSC. Furthermore, a comparison of global DNA methylation profiles of 45 SCCOHTs, 65 ATRTs, and 92 HGSCs demonstrates a strong epigenetic correlation between SCCOHT and ATRT. Our results further confirm that the genomic and epigenomic signatures of SCCOHT are more similar to those of ATRT than HGSC, supporting our previous hypothesis that SCCOHT is a rhabdoid tumor and should be renamed MRT of the ovary. Furthermore, we conclude that SMARCA4 inactivation is the main cause of SCCOHT, and that new distinct therapeutic approaches should be developed to specifically target this devastating tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Fahiminiya
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leora Witkowski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Goudie
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pascal Johann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryan S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tenzin Gayden
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Current affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Wang X, Lee RS, Alver BH, Haswell JR, Wang S, Mieczkowski J, Drier Y, Gillespie SM, Archer TC, Wu JN, Tzvetkov EP, Troisi EC, Pomeroy SL, Biegel JA, Tolstorukov MY, Bernstein BE, Park PJ, Roberts CWM. SMARCB1-mediated SWI/SNF complex function is essential for enhancer regulation. Nat Genet 2016; 49:289-295. [PMID: 27941797 PMCID: PMC5285474 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SMARCB1 (also known as SNF5, INI1, and BAF47), a core subunit of the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin-remodeling complex, is inactivated in nearly all pediatric rhabdoid tumors. These aggressive cancers are among the most genomically stable, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism by which SMARCB1 loss drives transformation. Here we show that, despite having indistinguishable mutational landscapes, human rhabdoid tumors exhibit distinct enhancer H3K27ac signatures, which identify remnants of differentiation programs. We show that SMARCB1 is required for the integrity of SWI/SNF complexes and that its loss alters enhancer targeting-markedly impairing SWI/SNF binding to typical enhancers, particularly those required for differentiation, while maintaining SWI/SNF binding at super-enhancers. We show that these retained super-enhancers are essential for rhabdoid tumor survival, including some that are shared by all subtypes, such as SPRY1, and other lineage-specific super-enhancers, such as SOX2 in brain-derived rhabdoid tumors. Taken together, our findings identify a new chromatin-based epigenetic mechanism underlying the tumor-suppressive activity of SMARCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Burak H Alver
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Haswell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yotam Drier
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tenley C Archer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer N Wu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evgeni P Tzvetkov
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma C Troisi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Y Tolstorukov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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26
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Hong AL, Tseng YY, Cowley GS, Jonas O, Cheah JH, Kynnap BD, Doshi MB, Oh C, Meyer SC, Church AJ, Gill S, Bielski CM, Keskula P, Imamovic A, Howell S, Kryukov GV, Clemons PA, Tsherniak A, Vazquez F, Crompton BD, Shamji AF, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Janeway KA, Roberts CWM, Stegmaier K, van Hummelen P, Cima MJ, Langer RS, Garraway LA, Schreiber SL, Root DE, Hahn WC, Boehm JS. Integrated genetic and pharmacologic interrogation of rare cancers. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11987. [PMID: 27329820 PMCID: PMC4917959 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying therapeutic targets in rare cancers remains challenging due to the paucity of established models to perform preclinical studies. As a proof-of-concept, we developed a patient-derived cancer cell line, CLF-PED-015-T, from a paediatric patient with a rare undifferentiated sarcoma. Here, we confirm that this cell line recapitulates the histology and harbours the majority of the somatic genetic alterations found in a metastatic lesion isolated at first relapse. We then perform pooled CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi loss-of-function screens and a small-molecule screen focused on druggable cancer targets. Integrating these three complementary and orthogonal methods, we identify CDK4 and XPO1 as potential therapeutic targets in this cancer, which has no known alterations in these genes. These observations establish an approach that integrates new patient-derived models, functional genomics and chemical screens to facilitate the discovery of targets in rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Hong
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Yuen-Yi Tseng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Glenn S. Cowley
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Oliver Jonas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jaime H. Cheah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Bryan D. Kynnap
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mihir B. Doshi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Coyin Oh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Meyer
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alanna J. Church
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shubhroz Gill
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Craig M. Bielski
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Paula Keskula
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Alma Imamovic
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Sara Howell
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Gregory V. Kryukov
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Paul A. Clemons
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brian D. Crompton
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alykhan F. Shamji
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Katherine A. Janeway
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Charles W. M. Roberts
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Paul van Hummelen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Michael J. Cima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert S. Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - David E. Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - William C. Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jesse S. Boehm
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Harris MH, DuBois SG, Glade Bender JL, Kim A, Crompton BD, Parker E, Dumont IP, Hong AL, Guo D, Church A, Stegmaier K, Roberts CWM, Shusterman S, London WB, MacConaill LE, Lindeman NI, Diller L, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Janeway KA. Multicenter Feasibility Study of Tumor Molecular Profiling to Inform Therapeutic Decisions in Advanced Pediatric Solid Tumors: The Individualized Cancer Therapy (iCat) Study. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2:608-615. [PMID: 26822149 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Pediatric cancers represent a unique case with respect to cancer genomics and precision medicine, as the mutation frequency is low, and targeted therapies are less available. Consequently, it is unknown whether clinical sequencing can be of benefit. Objective To assess the feasibility of identifying actionable alterations and making individualized cancer therapy (iCat) recommendations in pediatric patients with extracranial solid tumors. Design, Setting, and Participants Clinical sequencing study at 4 academic medical centers enrolling patients between September 5, 2012, and November 19, 2013, with 1 year of clinical follow-up. Participants were 30 years or younger with high-risk, recurrent, or refractory extracranial solid tumors. The data analysis was performed October 28, 2014. Interventions Tumor profiling performed on archived clinically acquired specimens consisted of mutation detection by a Sequenom assay or targeted next-generation sequencing and copy number assessment by array comparative genomic hybridization. Results were reviewed by a multidisciplinary expert panel, and iCat recommendations were made if an actionable alteration was present, and an appropriate drug was available. Main Outcomes and Measures Feasibility was assessed using a 2-stage design based on the proportion of patients with recommendations. Results Of 100 participants (60 male; median [range] age, 13.4 [0.8-29.8] years), profiling was technically successful in 89 (89% [95% CI, 83%-95%]). Median (range) follow-up was 6.8 (2.0-23.6) months. Overall, 31 (31% [95% CI, 23%-41%]) patients received an iCat recommendation and 3 received matched therapy. The most common actionable alterations leading to an iCat recommendation were cancer-associated signaling pathway gene mutations (n = 10) and copy number alterations in MYC/MYCN (n = 6) and cell cycle genes (n = 11). Additional alterations with implications for clinical care but not resulting in iCat recommendations were identified, including mutations indicating the possible presence of a cancer predisposition syndrome and translocations suggesting a change in diagnosis. In total, 43 (43% [95% CI, 33%-53%]) participants had results with potential clinical significance. Conclusions and Relevance A multi-institution clinical genomics study in pediatric oncology is feasible and a substantial proportion of relapsed or refractory pediatric solid tumors have actionable alterations. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01853345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian H Harris
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of California-San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital
| | - Julia L Glade Bender
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York
| | - AeRang Kim
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Brian D Crompton
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Parker
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian P Dumont
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongjing Guo
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alanna Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts6Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts6Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Shusterman
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts6Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy B London
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts6Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E MacConaill
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts8Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neal I Lindeman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts8Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Diller
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts6Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts6Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts6Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Roberts CWM. Abstract IA16: SWI/SNF (BAF) complex mutations in cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.devbiolca15-ia16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Data emerging over the last several years implicate the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex as a major tumor suppressor as frequent inactivating mutations in at least eight SWI/SNF subunits have been identified in a variety of cancers. These include inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the ARID1A (BAF250a) subunit in ovarian, endometrioid, bladder, stomach, colorectal and pancreatic cancers; of the PBRM1 (BAF180) subunit in renal carcinomas; of the ARID2 subunit in hepatocellular, lung, and pancreas carcinomas as well as melanomas; of the BRD7 subunit in breast cancers; and of the BRG1 (SMARCA4) subunit in non-small cell lung cancers, medulloblastomas and ovarian small cell carcinomas. The SWI/SNF complex includes both core and lineage-specific subunits and utilizes the energy of ATP to modulate chromatin structure and regulate transcription.
My laboratory began studying the SWI/SNF complex when the SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1/BAF47) subunit was first identified as a tumor suppressor over a decade ago when it was found to be recurrently and specifically inactivated in a highly aggressive type of pediatric cancer called malignant rhabdoid tumor. We now study the complex using mouse models, cell lines and primary human tumor samples. Our goals are to elucidate the normal function of the complex, identify the mechanisms by which subunit mutations drive cancer formation, and utilize this insight to identify and develop novel therapeutic approaches. Insights into the normal function of SWI/SNF complexes, the mechanisms by which mutation of the complexes drive cancer formation, and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities created by mutation of the complex will be presented.
Citation Format: Charles W. M. Roberts. SWI/SNF (BAF) complex mutations in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Developmental Biology and Cancer; Nov 30-Dec 3, 2015; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(4_Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
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Abstract
Abstract
Data emerging over the last several years implicate the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex as a major tumor suppressor as frequent inactivating mutations in at least eight SWI/SNF subunits have been identified in a variety of cancers. These include inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the ARID1A (BAF250a) subunit in ovarian, endometrioid, bladder, stomach, colorectal and pancreatic cancers; of the PBRM1 (BAF180) subunit in renal carcinomas; of the ARID2 subunit in hepatocellular, lung, and pancreas carcinomas as well as melanomas; of the BRD7 subunit in breast cancers; and of the BRG1 (SMARCA4) subunit in non-small cell lung cancers, medulloblastomas and ovarian small cell carcinomas. The SWI/SNF complex includes both core and lineage-specific subunits and utilizes the energy of ATP to modulate chromatin structure and regulate transcription.
My laboratory began studying the SWI/SNF complex when the SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1/BAF47) subunit was first identified as a tumor suppressor over a decade ago when it was found to be recurrently and specifically inactivated in a highly aggressive type of pediatric cancer called malignant rhabdoid tumor. We now study the complex using mouse models, cell lines and primary human tumor samples. Our goals are to elucidate the normal function of the complex, identify the mechanisms by which subunit mutations drive cancer formation, and utilize this insight to identify and develop novel therapeutic approaches. Insights into the normal function of SWI/SNF complexes, the mechanisms by which mutation of the complexes drive cancer formation, and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities created by mutation of the complex will be presented.
Citation Format: Charles W. M. Roberts. SWI/SNF (BAF) complex mutations in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
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Abstract
Recent genomic studies have resulted in an emerging understanding of the role of chromatin regulators in the development of cancer. EZH2, a histone methyl transferase subunit of a Polycomb repressor complex, is recurrently mutated in several forms of cancer and is highly expressed in numerous others. Notably, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations occur in cancers but are associated with distinct cancer types. Here we review the spectrum of EZH2-associated mutations, discuss the mechanisms underlying EZH2 function, and synthesize a unifying perspective that the promotion of cancer arises from disruption of the role of EZH2 as a master regulator of transcription. We further discuss EZH2 inhibitors that are now showing early signs of promise in clinical trials and also additional strategies to combat roles of EZH2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H. Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles W. M. Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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Frühwald MC, Biegel JA, Bourdeaut F, Roberts CWM, Chi SN. Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors-current concepts, advances in biology, and potential future therapies. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:764-78. [PMID: 26755072 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is the most common malignant CNS tumor of children below 6 months of age. The majority of AT/RTs demonstrate genomic alterations in SMARCB1 (INI1, SNF5, BAF47) or, to a lesser extent, SMARCA4 (BRG1) of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin remodeling complex. Recent transcription and methylation profiling studies suggest the existence of molecular subgroups. Thus, at the root of these seemingly enigmatic tumors lies a network of factors related to epigenetic regulation, which is not yet completely understood. While conventional-type chemotherapy may have significant survival benefit for certain patients, it remains to be determined which patients will eventually prove resistant to chemotherapy and thus need novel therapeutic strategies. Elucidation of the molecular consequences of a disturbed epigenome has led to the identification of a series of transduction cascades, which may be targeted for therapy. Among these are the pathways of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, Hedgehog/GLI1, Wnt/ß-catenin, enhancer of zeste homolog 2, and aurora kinase A, among others. Compounds specifically targeting these pathways or agents that alter the epigenetic state of the cell are currently being evaluated in preclinical settings and in experimental clinical trials for AT/RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Frühwald
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
| | - Susan N Chi
- Children's Hospital and Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany (M.C.F.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.A.B.); INSERM U830, Laboratory of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France (F.B.); Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (C.W.M.R.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.N.C.)
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Wu JN, Pinello L, Yissachar E, Wischhusen JW, Yuan GC, Roberts CWM. Functionally distinct patterns of nucleosome remodeling at enhancers in glucocorticoid-treated acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenetics Chromatin 2015; 8:53. [PMID: 26633995 PMCID: PMC4667523 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-015-0046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Precise nucleosome positioning is an increasingly recognized feature of promoters and enhancers, reflecting complex contributions of DNA sequence, nucleosome positioning, histone modification and transcription factor binding to enhancer activity and regulation of gene expression. Changes in nucleosome position and occupancy, histone variants and modifications, and chromatin remodeling are also critical elements of dynamic transcriptional regulation, but poorly understood at enhancers. We investigated glucocorticoid receptor-associated (GR) nucleosome dynamics at enhancers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Results For the first time, we demonstrate functionally distinct modes of nucleosome remodeling upon chromatin binding by GR, which we term central, non-central, phased, and minimal. Central and non-central remodeling reflect nucleosome eviction by GR and cofactors, respectively. Phased remodeling involves nucleosome repositioning and is associated with rapidly activated enhancers and induction of gene expression. Minimal remodeling sites initially have low levels of enhancer-associated histone modification, but the majority of these regions gain H3K4me2 or H3K27Ac to become de novo enhancers. Minimal remodeling regions are associated with gene ontologies specific to decreased B cell number and mTOR inhibition and may make unique contributions to glucocorticoid-induced leukemia cell death. Conclusions Our findings form a novel framework for understanding the dynamic interplay between transcription factor binding, nucleosome remodeling, enhancer function, and gene expression in the leukemia response to glucocorticoids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-015-0046-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Wu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA USA
| | | | | | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 281, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
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Wei D, Charboneau A, Chung HY, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Davies B, Simpson DA, Kuwahara Y, Kaufmann WK, Roberts CWM, Weissman BE. Abstract 4787: Cyclin G2, a novel target of the SNF5/BAF47 tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor (MRT) is a rare and aggressive pediatric cancer that most frequently appears in the kidney (RTK) and brain (AT/RT). They are generally characterized by the lack of SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1) expression, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Previous studies have shown that reintroducing SNF5 into MRT cell lines reconstitutes the SWI/SNF complex and results in an inhibition of growth through induction of p21WAF1/CIP1, p16INK4A and p57KIP2 expression. However, the mechanisms behind this growth arrest remain incompletely characterized. In this current report, we used a RT-PCR Cell Cycle SuperArray to identify six candidate genes that showed increased expression after SNF5 reexpression but not after expression of a constitutively active RB gene. One of these genes, Cyclin G2 (CCNG2), a member of the non-canonical Cyclin G family, is thought to act as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Using a panel of RTK and AT/RT cell lines, we confirmed that SNF5 reexpression leads to induction of CCGN2 in additional MRT cell lines. To determine if CCNG2 is a direct target of SNF5, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses (ChIP) to verify that SNF5 binds to the CCNG2 promoter with peak binding at the transcription start site (TSS) after its reexpression in a MRT cell line. Importantly, primary MRT samples display reduced CCNG2 expression when compared to normal brain tissue or other types of pediatric brain cancers. Therefore, CCNG2 represents a new SNF5 target gene whose downregulation may play a role during MRT development.
Citation Format: Darmood Wei, Aubri Charboneau, Ho-yoon Chung, Donastas Sakellariou-Thompson, Brian Davies, Dennis A. Simpson, Yasumichi Kuwahara, William K. Kaufmann, Charles W. M. Roberts, Bernard E. Weissman. Cyclin G2, a novel target of the SNF5/BAF47 tumor suppressor gene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4787. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4787
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Alizadeh AA, Aranda V, Bardelli A, Blanpain C, Bock C, Borowski C, Caldas C, Califano A, Doherty M, Elsner M, Esteller M, Fitzgerald R, Korbel JO, Lichter P, Mason CE, Navin N, Pe'er D, Polyak K, Roberts CWM, Siu L, Snyder A, Stower H, Swanton C, Verhaak RGW, Zenklusen JC, Zuber J, Zucman-Rossi J. Toward understanding and exploiting tumor heterogeneity. Nat Med 2015; 21:846-53. [PMID: 26248267 PMCID: PMC4785013 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extent of tumor heterogeneity is an emerging theme that researchers are only beginning to understand. How genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity affects tumor evolution and clinical progression is unknown. The precise nature of the environmental factors that influence this heterogeneity is also yet to be characterized. Nature Medicine, Nature Biotechnology and the Volkswagen Foundation organized a meeting focused on identifying the obstacles that need to be overcome to advance translational research in and tumor heterogeneity. Once these key questions were established, the attendees devised potential solutions. Their ideas are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ash A Alizadeh
- 1] Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [3] Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Alberto Bardelli
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy. [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- 1] CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Califano
- 1] Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [3] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rebecca Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan O Korbel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicholas Navin
- 1] Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- 1] Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillian Siu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Charles Swanton
- 1] University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK. [2] University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. [3] The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Roel G W Verhaak
- 1] Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean C Zenklusen
- The Cancer Genome Atlas, Center for Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Paris, France
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Pugh TJ, Yu W, Yang J, Field AL, Ambrogio L, Carter SL, Cibulskis K, Giannikopoulos P, Kiezun A, Kim J, McKenna A, Nickerson E, Getz G, Hoffher S, Messinger YH, Dehner LP, Roberts CWM, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Williams GM, Rossi CT, Meyerson M, Hill DA. Exome sequencing of pleuropulmonary blastoma reveals frequent biallelic loss of TP53 and two hits in DICER1 resulting in retention of 5p-derived miRNA hairpin loop sequences. Oncogene 2014; 33:5295-302. [PMID: 24909177 PMCID: PMC4224628 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare childhood malignancy of lung mesenchymal cells that can remain dormant as epithelial cysts or progress to high-grade sarcoma. Predisposing germline loss-of-function DICER1 variants have been described. We sought to uncover additional contributors through whole exome sequencing of 15 tumor/normal pairs, followed by targeted resequencing, miRNA analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of additional tumors. In addition to frequent biallelic loss of TP53 and mutations of NRAS or BRAF in some cases, each case had compound disruption of DICER1: a germline (12 cases) or somatic (3 cases) loss-of-function variant plus a somatic missense mutation in the RNase IIIb domain. 5p-Derived microRNA (miRNA) transcripts retained abnormal precursor miRNA loop sequences normally removed by DICER1. This work both defines a genetic interaction landscape with DICER1 mutation and provides evidence for alteration in miRNA transcripts as a consequence of DICER1 disruption in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Pugh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Yu
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A L Field
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Ambrogio
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S L Carter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Cibulskis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - A Kiezun
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A McKenna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Nickerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Hoffher
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Y H Messinger
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L P Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - C W M Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Children's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Rodriguez-Galindo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Children's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G M Williams
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C T Rossi
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D A Hill
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Roberts CWM. Abstract IA13: SWI/SNF complexes are frequently mutated in cancer: Epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedcan-ia13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
My laboratory began studying the SWI/SNF complex when the SNF5 subunit was first identified as a tumor suppressor over a decade ago when it was found to be recurrently and specifically inactivated in the highly aggressive pediatric cancers AT/RT and rhabdoid tumors. Data emerging over the last two years implicate the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex as a major tumor suppressor as frequent inactivating mutations in at least eight SWI/SNF subunits have been identified in a broad variety of cancers and overall in 20% of all human cancers. These include inactivating mutations of SWI/SNF subunits in some cases of pediatric neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma as well as in adult ovarian, endometrioid, bladder, breast, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic, renal, hepatocellular, and lung cancers, and melanomas. The SWI/SNF complex includes both core and lineage-specific subunits and utilizes the energy of ATP to modulate chromatin structure and regulate transcription.
We study the complex using mouse models, cell lines and primary human tumor samples. Our goals are to elucidate the normal function of the complex, identify the mechanisms by which subunit mutations drive cancer formation, and utilize this insight to identify and develop novel therapeutic approaches. Using mouse models, we have shown that biallelic inactivation of murine Snf5 leads to the rapid onset of cancer formation in 100% of mice with a median latency of only 11 weeks. Heterozygous mice develop rhabdoid tumors that are histologically indistinguishable from their human counterpart and Mx-Cre-mediated conditional inactivation results in 85% of mice developing aggressive mature T cell lymphomas and 15% developing rhabdoid tumors. Intriguingly, the rapid cancer onset arises neither due to defective DNA repair nor due to genome instability, as we have found that the genomes of both the murine and human SNF5-deficient cancers are diploid and indistinguishable from normal cells via high-density SNP arrays. Most recently, by sequencing the exomes of 35 human pediatric rhabdoid tumors we have shown that these cancer genomes contain an extremely low rate of mutations, with loss of SNF5 being essentially the sole recurrent event. Indeed, in two of the cancers there were no other identified mutations. Our results suggest that high mutation rates are dispensable for the genesis of cancers driven by mutation of this chromatin remodeling complex and further that epigenetic dysfunction caused by mutation of the SWI/SNF complex may underlie the broad spectrum of cancers caused by mutation of this complex. Insights into the normal function of SWI/SNF complexes, the mechanisms by which mutation of the complexes drive cancer formation, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention will be presented.
Citation Format: Charles W. M. Roberts. SWI/SNF complexes are frequently mutated in cancer: Epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
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Abstract
Cancer genome sequencing efforts have revealed the novel theme that chromatin modifiers are frequently mutated across a wide spectrum of cancers. Mutations in genes encoding subunits of SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes are particularly prevalent, occurring in 20% of all human cancers. As these are typically loss-of-function mutations and not directly therapeutically targetable, central goals have been to elucidate mechanism and identify vulnerabilities created by these mutations. Here, we discuss emerging data that these mutations lead to the formation of aberrant residual SWI/SNF complexes that constitute a specific vulnerability and discuss the potential for exploiting these dependencies in SWI/SNF mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Helming
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Helming KC, Wang X, Wilson BG, Vazquez F, Haswell JR, Manchester HE, Kim Y, Kryukov GV, Ghandi M, Aguirre AJ, Jagani Z, Wang Z, Garraway LA, Hahn WC, Roberts CWM. ARID1B is a specific vulnerability in ARID1A-mutant cancers. Nat Med 2014; 20:251-4. [PMID: 24562383 PMCID: PMC3954704 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that ARID1A is frequently mutated across a wide variety of human cancers and also has bona fide tumor suppressor properties. Consequently, identification of vulnerabilities conferred by ARID1A mutation would have major relevance for human cancer. Here, using a broad screening approach, we identify ARID1B, a related but mutually exclusive homolog of ARID1A in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, as the number one gene preferentially required for the survival of ARID1A-mutant cancer cell lines. We show that loss of ARID1B in ARID1A-deficient backgrounds destabilizes SWI/SNF and impairs proliferation. Intriguingly, we also find that ARID1A and ARID1B are frequently co-mutated in cancer, but that ARID1A-deficient cancers retain at least one ARID1B allele. These results suggest that loss of ARID1A and ARID1B alleles cooperatively promotes cancer formation but also results in a unique functional dependence. The results further identify ARID1B as a potential therapeutic target for ARID1A-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Helming
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [5]
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4]
| | - Boris G Wilson
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Haswell
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley E Manchester
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youngha Kim
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Ghandi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zainab Jagani
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Levi A Garraway
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [5] Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Feng et al. (2013) report that the gene mutated in human CHARGE syndrome, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor CHD7, contributes to the control of neurogenesis. The authors also report that exercise ameliorates these defects and suggest it as an intervention worthy of study in CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Wang and colleagues report that CARM1, a protein arginine methyltransferase, specifically methylates BAF155/SMARCC1, a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling/tumor suppressor complex. This modification facilitates the targeting of BAF155 to genes of the c-Myc pathway and enhances breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex constitute, collectively, one of the most frequently mutated targets in cancer. Although mutations in SWI/SNF genes are uncommon in prostate cancer, a new study shows that SChLAP1, a long noncoding RNA frequently expressed in aggressive prostate tumors, drives cancer by directly disrupting SNF5, a core subunit of the SWI/SNF complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wöhrle S, Weiss A, Ito M, Kauffmann A, Murakami M, Jagani Z, Thuery A, Bauer-Probst B, Reimann F, Stamm C, Pornon A, Romanet V, Guagnano V, Brümmendorf T, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Roberts CWM, Graus Porta D. Fibroblast growth factor receptors as novel therapeutic targets in SNF5-deleted malignant rhabdoid tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77652. [PMID: 24204904 PMCID: PMC3813701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are aggressive pediatric cancers arising in brain, kidney and soft tissues, which are characterized by loss of the tumor suppressor SNF5/SMARCB1. MRTs are poorly responsive to chemotherapy and thus a high unmet clinical need exists for novel therapies for MRT patients. SNF5 is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex which affects gene expression by nucleosome remodeling. Here, we report that loss of SNF5 function correlates with increased expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) in MRT cell lines and primary tumors and that re-expression of SNF5 in MRT cells causes a marked repression of FGFR expression. Conversely, siRNA-mediated impairment of SWI/SNF function leads to elevated levels of FGFR2 in human fibroblasts. In vivo, treatment with NVP-BGJ398, a selective FGFR inhibitor, blocks progression of a murine MRT model. Hence, we identify FGFR signaling as an aberrantly activated oncogenic pathway in MRTs and propose pharmacological inhibition of FGFRs as a potential novel clinical therapy for MRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wöhrle
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moriko Ito
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Masato Murakami
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zainab Jagani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne Thuery
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Flavia Reimann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Astrid Pornon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Romanet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vito Guagnano
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - William R. Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Charles W. M. Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diana Graus Porta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Haswell JR, Roberts CWM. Molecular pathways: SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes are frequently mutated in cancer--mechanisms and potential therapeutic insights. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:21-7. [PMID: 24122795 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are pleomorphic multisubunit cellular machines that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to modulate chromatin structure. The complexes interact with transcription factors at promoters and enhancers to modulate gene expression and contribute to lineage specification, differentiation, and development. Initial clues to a role in tumor suppression for SWI/SNF complexes came over a decade ago when the gene encoding the SMARCB1/SNF5 core subunit was found specifically inactivated in nearly all pediatric rhabdoid tumors. In the last three years, cancer-genome sequencing efforts have revealed an unexpectedly high mutation rate of SWI/SNF subunit genes, which are collectively mutated in 20% of all human cancers and approach the frequency of p53 mutations. Here, we provide a background on these newly recognized tumor suppressor complexes, discuss mechanisms implicated in the tumor suppressor activity, and highlight findings that may lead to potential therapeutic targets for SWI/SNF-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Nucleosomes, octamers of histones wrapped in 147 bp of DNA, are the basic unit of chromatin. In eukaryotic cells, the placement of nucleosomes along the genome is highly organized, and modulation of this ordered arrangement contributes to regulation of gene expression. The SWI/SNF complex utilizes the energy of ATP hydrolysis to mobilize nucleosomes and remodel chromatin structure. Recently, the complex has also been implicated in oncogenesis as genes encoding multiple SWI/SNF subunits have been found mutated at high frequency across a wide spectrum of cancers. Given that epigenetic aberrations are now characterized as a hallmark of human cancer, hypotheses have been put forth that the SWI/SNF complex inhibits tumor formation by regulating key chromatin functions. To understand how the SWI/SNF complex contributes to nucleosome organization in vivo we performed a genome-wide study in mammalian cells. We found that inactivation of SWI/SNF subunits leads to disruptions of specific nucleosome patterning and a loss of nucleosome occupancy at a large number of promoters. These findings define a direct relationship between the SWI/SNF complex, chromatin structure, and transcriptional regulation. In this extra view, we discuss our findings, their relevance to gene regulation, and possible links to the tumor suppression activities of the SWI/SNF complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston, MA USA; Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
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Lee RS, Roberts CWM. Rhabdoid tumors: an initial clue to the role of chromatin remodeling in cancer. Brain Pathol 2013; 23:200-5. [PMID: 23432645 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of biallelic, inactivating SMARCB1 mutations in rhabdoid tumors (RTs) over a decade ago represented the first recognized link between chromatin remodeling and tumor suppression. SMARCB1 is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and the recent emergence of frequent mutations in genes that encode subunits of this complex across a wide variety of cancers suggests that perturbation of this chromatin remodeling complex constitutes a key driver of cancer formation. Despite the highly aggressive nature of RTs, they are genetically simple cancers that appear to lack chromosomal instability and contain very few mutations. Indeed, the mutation rate in RTs is among the lowest of all cancers sequenced, with loss of SMARCB1 as essentially the sole recurrent event. Given the genetic simplicity of this disease, understanding the chromatin dysregulation caused by SMARCB1 loss may provide more general insight into how epigenetic alterations can contribute to oncogenic transformation and may reveal opportunities for targeted therapy not only of RT but also the variety of other SWI/SNF mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Polak P, Kryukov GV, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Carter SL, Stewart C, Mermel CH, Roberts SA, Kiezun A, Hammerman PS, McKenna A, Drier Y, Zou L, Ramos AH, Pugh TJ, Stransky N, Helman E, Kim J, Sougnez C, Ambrogio L, Nickerson E, Shefler E, Cortés ML, Auclair D, Saksena G, Voet D, Noble M, DiCara D, Lin P, Lichtenstein L, Heiman DI, Fennell T, Imielinski M, Hernandez B, Hodis E, Baca S, Dulak AM, Lohr J, Landau DA, Wu CJ, Melendez-Zajgla J, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Koren A, McCarroll SA, Mora J, Crompton B, Onofrio R, Parkin M, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Gabriel SB, Roberts CWM, Biegel JA, Stegmaier K, Bass AJ, Garraway LA, Meyerson M, Golub TR, Gordenin DA, Sunyaev S, Lander ES, Getz G. Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes. Nature 2013. [PMID: 23770567 DOI: 10.1038/nature12213.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major international projects are underway that are aimed at creating a comprehensive catalogue of all the genes responsible for the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies involve the sequencing of matched tumour-normal samples followed by mathematical analysis to identify those genes in which mutations occur more frequently than expected by random chance. Here we describe a fundamental problem with cancer genome studies: as the sample size increases, the list of putatively significant genes produced by current analytical methods burgeons into the hundreds. The list includes many implausible genes (such as those encoding olfactory receptors and the muscle protein titin), suggesting extensive false-positive findings that overshadow true driver events. We show that this problem stems largely from mutational heterogeneity and provide a novel analytical methodology, MutSigCV, for resolving the problem. We apply MutSigCV to exome sequences from 3,083 tumour-normal pairs and discover extraordinary variation in mutation frequency and spectrum within cancer types, which sheds light on mutational processes and disease aetiology, and in mutation frequency across the genome, which is strongly correlated with DNA replication timing and also with transcriptional activity. By incorporating mutational heterogeneity into the analyses, MutSigCV is able to eliminate most of the apparent artefactual findings and enable the identification of genes truly associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petar Stojanov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gregory V Kryukov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Scott L Carter
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Craig H Mermel
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven A Roberts
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adam Kiezun
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yotam Drier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.,Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lihua Zou
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Alex H Ramos
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicolas Stransky
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Elena Helman
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jaegil Kim
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Carrie Sougnez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Lauren Ambrogio
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | | | - Erica Shefler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Maria L Cortés
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Daniel Auclair
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Gordon Saksena
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Douglas Voet
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Michael Noble
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Daniel DiCara
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Lee Lichtenstein
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - David I Heiman
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Timothy Fennell
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bryan Hernandez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Eran Hodis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sylvan Baca
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Austin M Dulak
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jens Lohr
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dan-Avi Landau
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, New Haven, CT
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Amnon Koren
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaume Mora
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian Crompton
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Onofrio
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Melissa Parkin
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Wendy Winckler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Kristin Ardlie
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Stacey B Gabriel
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Levi A Garraway
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Dmitry A Gordenin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shamil Sunyaev
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Roberts CWM. Abstract IA12: SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes in tumor suppression. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.cec13-ia12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Data emerging over the last two years implicate the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex as a major tumor suppressor as frequent inactivating mutations in at least seven SWI/SNF subunits have been identified in a variety of cancers. These include inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the ARID1A (BAF250a) subunit in ovarian, endometrioid, bladder, stomach, colorectal and pancreatic cancers; of the PBRM1 (BAF180) subunit in renal carcinomas; of the ARID2 subunit in hepatocellular, lung, and pancreas carcinomas as well as melanomas; of the BRD7 subunit in breast cancers; and of the BRG1 (SMARCA4) subunit in non-small cell lung cancers and medulloblastomas. The SWI/SNF complex includes both core and lineage-specific subunits and utilizes the energy of ATP to modulate chromatin structure and regulate transcription.
My laboratory began studying the SWI/SNF complex when the SNF5 subunit was first identified as a tumor suppressor over a decade ago when it was found to be recurrently and specifically inactivated in a highly aggressive type of pediatric cancer called malignant rhabdoid tumor. We now study the complex using mouse models, cell lines and primary human tumor samples. Our goals are to elucidate the normal function of the complex, identify the mechanisms by which subunit mutations drive cancer formation, and utilize this insight to identify and develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Using mouse models, we have shown that biallelic inactivation of murine Snf5 leads to the rapid onset of cancer formation in 100% of mice with a median latency of only 11 weeks. Heterozygous mice develop rhabdoid tumors that are histologically indistinguishable from their human counterpart and Mx-Cre-mediated conditional inactivation results in 85% of mice developing aggressive mature T cell lymphomas and 15% developing rhabdoid tumors. Intriguingly, the rapid cancer onset arises neither due to defective DNA repair nor due to genome instability, as we have found that the genomes of both the murine and human SNF5-deficient cancers are diploid and indistinguishable from normal cells via high-density SNP arrays. Most recently, by sequencing the exomes of 35 human pediatric rhabdoid tumors we have shown that these cancer genomes contain an extremely low rate of mutations, with loss of SNF5 being essentially the sole recurrent event. Indeed, in two of the cancers there were no other identified mutations. Our results suggest that high mutation rates are dispensable for the genesis of cancers driven by mutation of this chromatin remodeling complex and further that epigenetic dysfunction caused by mutation of the SWI/SNF complex may underlie the broad spectrum of cancers caused by mutation of this complex. Insights into the normal function of SWI/SNF complexes, the mechanisms by which mutation of the complexes drive cancer formation, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention will be presented.
Citation Format: Charles W. M. Roberts. SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes in tumor suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
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Roberts CWM. Abstract SY07-01: The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is frequently mutated in cancer: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic insights. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-sy07-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Data emerging over the last two years implicate the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex as a major tumor suppressor as frequent inactivating mutations in at least six SWI/SNF subunits have been identified in a variety of cancers. These include inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the ARID1A (BAF250a) subunit in ovarian, endometrioid, bladder, stomach, colorectal and pancreatic cancers; of the PBRM1 (BAF180) subunit in renal carcinomas; of the ARID2 subunit in hepatocellular, lung, and pancreas carcinomas as well as melanomas; of the BRD7 subunit in breast cancers; and of the BRG1 (SMARCA4) subunit in non-small cell lung cancers and medulloblastomas. The SWI/SNF complex includes both core and lineage-specific subunits and utilizes the energy of ATP to modulate chromatin structure and regulate transcription.
My laboratory began studying the SWI/SNF complex when the SNF5 subunit was first identified as a tumor suppressor over a decade ago when it was found to be recurrently and specifically inactivated in a highly aggressive type of pediatric cancer called malignant rhabdoid tumor. We now study the complex using mouse models, cell lines and primary human tumor samples. Our goals are to elucidate the normal function of the complex, identify the mechanisms by which subunit mutations drive cancer formation, and utilize this insight to identify and develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Using mouse models, we have shown that biallelic inactivation of murine Snf5 leads to the rapid onset of cancer formation in 100% of mice with a median latency of only 11 weeks. Heterozygous mice develop rhabdoid tumors that are histologically indistinguishable from their human counterpart and Mx-Cre-mediated conditional inactivation results in 85% of mice developing aggressive mature T cell lymphomas and 15% developing rhabdoid tumors. Intriguingly, the rapid cancer onset arises neither due to defective DNA repair nor due to genome instability, as we have found that the genomes of both the murine and human SNF5-deficient cancers are diploid and indistinguishable from normal cells via high-density SNP arrays. Most recently, by sequencing the exomes of 35 human pediatric rhabdoid tumors we have shown that these cancer genomes contain an extremely low rate of mutations, with loss of SNF5 being essentially the sole recurrent event. Indeed, in two of the cancers there were no other identified mutations. Our results suggest that high mutation rates are dispensable for the genesis of cancers driven by mutation of this chromatin remodeling complex and further that epigenetic dysfunction caused by mutation of the SWI/SNF complex may underlie the broad spectrum of cancers caused by mutation of this complex. Insights into the normal function of SWI/SNF complexes, the mechanisms by which mutation of the complexes drive cancer formation, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention will be presented.
Citation Format: Charles W. M. Roberts. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is frequently mutated in cancer: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic insights. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY07-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY07-01
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Mora-Blanco EL, Mishina Y, Tillman EJ, Cho YJ, Thom CS, Pomeroy SL, Shao W, Roberts CWM. Activation of β-catenin/TCF targets following loss of the tumor suppressor SNF5. Oncogene 2013; 33:933-8. [PMID: 23435428 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is a master regulator of developmental cell-fate decisions, although the key target pathways are poorly characterized. Here, we interrogated the contribution of the SWI/SNF subunit and tumor suppressor SNF5 to the regulation of developmental pathways using conditional mouse and cell culture models. We find that loss of SNF5 phenocopies β-catenin hyperactivation and that SNF5 is essential for regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway target expression. These data provide insight into chromatin-based mechanisms that underlie developmental regulation and elucidate the emerging theme that mutation of this tumor suppressor complex can activate developmental pathways by uncoupling them from upstream control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Mora-Blanco
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Mishina
- Novartis Institute For Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E J Tillman
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y-J Cho
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C S Thom
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Shao
- Novartis Institute For Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C W M Roberts
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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