1
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Yu YY, Song CJ, Sun WL, Wu JC, Lei LH. [Management of soft and hard tissue defects in aesthetic zone in severe periodontitis with periodontal-orthodontic treatment: a case report]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 58:1067-1072. [PMID: 37818542 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230815-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yu
- Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - C J Song
- Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - W L Sun
- Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - J C Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - L H Lei
- Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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2
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Khalil NN, Petersen AP, Song CJ, Chen Y, Takamoto K, Kellogg AC, Chen EZ, McMahon AP, McCain ML. User-friendly microfluidic system reveals native-like morphological and transcriptomic phenotypes induced by shear stress in proximal tubule epithelium. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036106. [PMID: 37584027 PMCID: PMC10424157 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a leading cause of drug attrition, partly due to the limited relevance of pre-clinical models of the proximal tubule. Culturing proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) under fluid flow to mimic physiological shear stress has been shown to improve select phenotypes, but existing flow systems are expensive and difficult to implement by non-experts in microfluidics. Here, we designed and fabricated an accessible and modular flow system for culturing PTECs under physiological shear stress, which induced native-like cuboidal morphology, downregulated pathways associated with hypoxia, stress, and injury, and upregulated xenobiotic metabolism pathways. We also compared the expression profiles of shear-dependent genes in our in vitro PTEC tissues to that of ex vivo proximal tubules and observed stronger clustering between ex vivo proximal tubules and PTECs under physiological shear stress relative to PTECs under negligible shear stress. Together, these data illustrate the utility of our user-friendly flow system and highlight the role of shear stress in promoting native-like morphological and transcriptomic phenotypes in PTECs in vitro, which is critical for developing more relevant pre-clinical models of the proximal tubule for drug screening or disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie N. Khalil
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Andrew P. Petersen
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Yibu Chen
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Service, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kaelyn Takamoto
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Austin C. Kellogg
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Elaine Zhelan Chen
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Megan L. McCain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 2138210791. URL:https://livingsystemsengineering.usc.edu
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Yashchenko A, Bland SJ, Song CJ, Ahmed UKB, Sharp R, Darby IG, Cordova AM, Smith ME, Lever JM, Li Z, Aloria EJ, Khan S, Maryam B, Liu S, Crowley MR, Jones KL, Zenewicz LA, George JF, Mrug M, Crossman DK, Hopp K, Stavrakis S, Humphrey MB, Ginhoux F, Zimmerman KA. Cx3cr1 controls kidney resident macrophage heterogeneity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1082078. [PMID: 37256130 PMCID: PMC10225589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney macrophages are comprised of both monocyte-derived and tissue resident populations; however, the heterogeneity of kidney macrophages and factors that regulate their heterogeneity are poorly understood. Herein, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), fate mapping, and parabiosis to define the cellular heterogeneity of kidney macrophages in healthy mice. Our data indicate that healthy mouse kidneys contain four major subsets of monocytes and two major subsets of kidney resident macrophages (KRM) including a population with enriched Ccr2 expression, suggesting monocyte origin. Surprisingly, fate mapping data using the newly developed Ms4a3Cre Rosa Stopf/f TdT model indicate that less than 50% of Ccr2+ KRM are derived from Ly6chi monocytes. Instead, we find that Ccr2 expression in KRM reflects their spatial distribution as this cell population is almost exclusively found in the kidney cortex. We also identified Cx3cr1 as a gene that governs cortex specific accumulation of Ccr2+ KRM and show that loss of Ccr2+ KRM reduces the severity of cystic kidney disease in a mouse model where cysts are mainly localized to the kidney cortex. Collectively, our data indicate that Cx3cr1 regulates KRM heterogeneity and niche-specific disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yashchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sarah J. Bland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Cheng J. Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ummey Khalecha Bintha Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rachel Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Isabella G. Darby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Audrey M. Cordova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Morgan E. Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jeremie M. Lever
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ernald J. Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shuja Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Bibi Maryam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lauren A. Zenewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - James F. George
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Polycystic Kidney Disease Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Mary B. Humphrey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kurt A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Li Z, Zimmerman KA, Cherakara S, Chumley PH, Collawn JF, Wang J, Haycraft CJ, Song CJ, Chacana T, Andersen RS, Croyle MJ, Aloria EJ, Hombal RP, Thomas IN, Chweih H, Simanyi KL, George JF, Parant JM, Mrug M, Yoder BK. A kidney resident macrophage subset is a candidate biomarker for renal cystic disease in preclinical models. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049810. [PMID: 36457161 PMCID: PMC9884121 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although renal macrophages have been shown to contribute to cyst development in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) animal models, it remains unclear whether there is a specific macrophage subpopulation involved. Here, we analyzed changes in macrophage populations during renal maturation in association with cystogenesis rates in conditional Pkd2 mutant mice. We observed that CD206+ resident macrophages were minimal in a normal adult kidney but accumulated in cystic areas in adult-induced Pkd2 mutants. Using Cx3cr1 null mice, we reduced macrophage number, including CD206+ macrophages, and showed that this significantly reduced cyst severity in adult-induced Pkd2 mutant kidneys. We also found that the number of CD206+ resident macrophage-like cells increased in kidneys and in the urine from autosomal-dominant PKD (ADPKD) patients relative to the rate of renal functional decline. These data indicate a direct correlation between CD206+ resident macrophages and cyst formation, and reveal that the CD206+ resident macrophages in urine could serve as a biomarker for renal cystic disease activity in preclinical models and ADPKD patients. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kurt A. Zimmerman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 732104, USA
| | - Sreelakshmi Cherakara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Phillip H. Chumley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Courtney J. Haycraft
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cheng J. Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Teresa Chacana
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Reagan S. Andersen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mandy J. Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ernald J. Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Raksha P. Hombal
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Isis N. Thomas
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hanan Chweih
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kristin L. Simanyi
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - James F. George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John M. Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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Song CJ, Bian MY, Lei LH, Chen LL. [Mendelian randomization and its application in periodontitis]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 57:1072-1078. [PMID: 36266083 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220228-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization is a causal inference method using genetic variations as instrumental variables, which skillfully takes advantages of the distributive randomness and timing priority of genetic variation, effectively avoiding confounding biases and reverse causalities in traditional observational researches. It has become a research hotspot in recent years. As a complex inflammatory disease, periodontitis is associated with many factors, but the cognitions about these associations are mostly based on traditional observational studies, lacking strong evidences to infer the causality. In order to bring up new research ideas in the periodontal field, this article mainly reviewed Mendelian randomization and its research progress in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Song
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - M Y Bian
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - L H Lei
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Song CJ, Li Z, Ahmed UKB, Bland SJ, Yashchenko A, Liu S, Aloria EJ, Lever JM, Gonzalez NM, Bickel MA, Giles CB, Georgescu C, Wren JD, Lang ML, Benveniste EN, Harrington LE, Tsiokas L, George JF, Jones KL, Crossman DK, Agarwal A, Mrug M, Yoder BK, Hopp K, Zimmerman KA. A Comprehensive Immune Cell Atlas of Cystic Kidney Disease Reveals the Involvement of Adaptive Immune Cells in Injury-Mediated Cyst Progression in Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:747-768. [PMID: 35110364 PMCID: PMC8970461 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducible disruption of cilia-related genes in adult mice results in slowly progressive cystic disease, which can be greatly accelerated by renal injury. METHODS To identify in an unbiased manner modifier cells that may be influencing the differential rate of cyst growth in injured versus non-injured cilia mutant kidneys at a time of similar cyst severity, we generated a single-cell atlas of cystic kidney disease. We conducted RNA-seq on 79,355 cells from control mice and adult-induced conditional Ift88 mice (hereafter referred to as cilia mutant mice) that were harvested approximately 7 months post-induction or 8 weeks post 30-minute unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury. RESULTS Analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data of CD45+ immune cells revealed that adaptive immune cells differed more in cluster composition, cell proportion, and gene expression than cells of myeloid origin when comparing cystic models with one another and with non-cystic controls. Surprisingly, genetic deletion of adaptive immune cells significantly reduced injury-accelerated cystic disease but had no effect on cyst growth in non-injured cilia mutant mice, independent of the rate of cyst growth or underlying genetic mutation. Using NicheNet, we identified a list of candidate cell types and ligands that were enriched in injured cilia mutant mice compared with aged cilia mutant mice and non-cystic controls that may be responsible for the observed dependence on adaptive immune cells during injury-accelerated cystic disease. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data highlight the diversity of immune cell involvement in cystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng J. Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ummey Khalecha Bintha Ahmed
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sarah J. Bland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Alex Yashchenko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ernald J. Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeremie M. Lever
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nancy M. Gonzalez
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marisa A. Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Cory B. Giles
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mark L. Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Etty N. Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Laurie E. Harrington
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Leo Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - James F. George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michal Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Program, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt A. Zimmerman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Zimmerman KA, Song CJ, Aloria EJG, Li Z, Zhou J, Bland SJ, Yashchenko A, Crossman DK, Mrug M, Yoder BK. Early infiltrating macrophage subtype correlates with late-stage phenotypic outcome in a mouse model of hepatorenal fibrocystic disease. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1382-1393. [PMID: 34158590 PMCID: PMC8773463 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatorenal fibrocystic disease (HRFCD) is a genetically inherited disorder related to primary cilia dysfunction in which patients display varying levels of fibrosis, bile duct expansion, and inflammation. In mouse models of HRFCD, the phenotype is greatly impacted by the genetic background in which the mutation is placed. Macrophages are a common factor associated with progression of HRFCD and are also strongly influenced by the genetic background. These data led us to hypothesize that macrophage subtypes that change in relation to the genetic background are responsible for the variable phenotypic outcomes in HRFCD. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a mouse model of HRFCD (Ift88Orpk mice) on the C57BL/6 and BALB/c inbred backgrounds that have well-documented differences in macrophage subtypes. Our analyses of infiltrating macrophage subtypes confirm that genetic strain influences the subtype of infiltrating macrophage present during normal postnatal liver development and in Ift88Orpk livers (Ly6clo in C57BL/6 vs Ly6chi in BALB/c). Each infiltrating macrophage subtype was similarly associated with a unique phenotypic outcome as analysis of liver tissue shows that C57BL/6 Ift88Orpk mice have increased bile duct expansion, but reduced levels of fibrosis compared to BALB/c Ift88Orpk livers. RNA sequencing data suggest that the ability to infiltrate macrophage subtypes to influence the phenotypic outcome may be due to unique ligand-receptor signaling between infiltrating macrophages and cilia dysfunctional biliary epithelium. To evaluate whether specific macrophage subtypes cause the observed phenotypic divergence, we analyzed the liver phenotype in BALB/c Ift88Orpk mice on a CCR2-/- background. Unexpectedly, the loss of Ly6chi macrophages, which were strongly enriched in BALB/c Ift88Orpk mice, did not significantly alter liver fibrosis. These data indicate that macrophage subtypes may correlate with HRFCD phenotypic outcome, but do not directly cause the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cheng J Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ernald J G Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Juling Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah J Bland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alex Yashchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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8
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Aloria EJG, Song CJ, Li Z, Croyle MJ, Mrug M, Zimmerman KA, Yoder BK. Ly6c hi Infiltrating Macrophages Promote Cyst Progression in Injured Conditional Ift88 Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:989-995. [PMID: 34396149 PMCID: PMC8359900 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000882021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernald Jules G Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Cheng J Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mandy J Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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9
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Zimmerman KA, Song CJ, Li Z, Lever JM, Crossman DK, Rains A, Aloria EJ, Gonzalez NM, Bassler JR, Zhou J, Crowley MR, Revell DZ, Yan Z, Shan D, Benveniste EN, George JF, Mrug M, Yoder BK. Tissue-Resident Macrophages Promote Renal Cystic Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1841-1856. [PMID: 31337691 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations affecting cilia proteins have an established role in renal cyst formation. In mice, the rate of cystogenesis is influenced by the age at which cilia dysfunction occurs and whether the kidney has been injured. Disruption of cilia function before postnatal day 12-14 results in rapid cyst formation; however, cyst formation is slower when cilia dysfunction is induced after postnatal day 14. Rapid cyst formation can also be induced in conditional adult cilia mutant mice by introducing renal injury. Previous studies indicate that macrophages are involved in cyst formation, however the specific role and type of macrophages responsible has not been clarified. METHODS We analyzed resident macrophage number and subtypes during postnatal renal maturation and after renal injury in control and conditional Ift88 cilia mutant mice. We also used a pharmacological inhibitor of resident macrophage proliferation and accumulation to determine the importance of these cells during rapid cyst formation. RESULTS Our data show that renal resident macrophages undergo a phenotypic switch from R2b (CD11clo) to R2a (CD11chi) during postnatal renal maturation. The timing of this switch correlates with the period in which cyst formation transitions from rapid to slow following induction of cilia dysfunction. Renal injury induces the reaccumulation of juvenile-like R2b resident macrophages in cilia mutant mice and restores rapid cystogenesis. Loss of primary cilia in injured conditional Ift88 mice results in enhanced epithelial production of membrane-bound CSF1, a cytokine that promotes resident macrophage proliferation. Inhibiting CSF1/CSF1-receptor signaling with a CSF1R kinase inhibitor reduces resident macrophage proliferation, R2b resident macrophage accumulation, and renal cyst formation in two mouse models of cystic disease. CONCLUSIONS These data uncover an important pathogenic role for resident macrophages during rapid cyst progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng J Song
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | - Zhang Li
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | - Addison Rains
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | - Dan Shan
- Divisions of Nephrology and.,Medicine
| | | | - James F George
- Biostatistics, and.,Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michal Mrug
- Divisions of Nephrology and.,Medicine.,Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology,
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Lee IH, Kim DM, Song CJ. Reply. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:E25. [PMID: 28082264 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I H Lee
- Department of Radiology Chungnam National University Hospital Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, South Korea
| | - D M Kim
- Department of Radiology Chungnam National University Hospital Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, South Korea
| | - C J Song
- Department of Radiology Chungnam National University Hospital Chungnam National University School of Medicine Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim DM, Lee IH, Song CJ. Uremic Encephalopathy: MR Imaging Findings and Clinical Correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1604-9. [PMID: 27127003 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Uremic encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder in patients with renal failure. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of uremic encephalopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed MR imaging findings in 10 patients with clinically proved uremic encephalopathy between May 2005 and December 2014. Parameters evaluated were lesion location and appearance; MR signal intensity of the lesions on T1WI, T2WI, and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images; the presence or absence of restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient maps; and the reversibility of documented signal-intensity abnormalities on follow-up MR imaging. RESULTS MR imaging abnormalities accompanying marked elevation of serum creatinine (range, 4.3-11.7 mg/dL) were evident in the 10 patients. Nine patients had a history of chronic renal failure with expansile bilateral basal ganglia lesions, and 1 patient with acute renal failure had reversible largely cortical lesions. Two of 6 patients with available arterial blood gas results had metabolic acidosis. All basal ganglia lesions showed expansile high signal intensity (lentiform fork sign) on T2WI. Varied levels of restricted diffusion and a range of signal intensities on DWI were evident and were not correlated with serum Cr levels. All cortical lesions demonstrated high signal intensity on T2WI. Four patients with follow-up MR imaging after hemodialysis showed complete resolution of all lesions. CONCLUSIONS The lentiform fork sign is reliable in the early diagnosis of uremic encephalopathy, regardless of the presence of metabolic acidosis. Cytotoxic edema and/or vasogenic edema on DWI/ADC maps may be associated with uremic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kim
- From the Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - I H Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - C J Song
- From the Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging features of HE have not been fully established. The purpose of this study was to determine the topographic distribution and DWI findings of HE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated HE MR imaging (n = 11). The topographic distribution of the lesions was evaluated on routine MR imaging, and DWI SI and ADC values were assessed. The ADC value of involved lesions was compared with the noninvolved subcortical WM area by use of the paired t test. RESULTS MR images demonstrated bilateral diffusion-restrictive lesions in the posterior limb of the IC (n = 6), cerebral cortex (n = 8), CR (n = 7), CS (n = 9), hippocampus (n = 4), and BG (n = 1). The mean ADC value of lesions was 448.82 +/- 92.34 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s compared with the mean ADC value of noninvolved lesions (837.72 +/- 62.14 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s); this difference was statistically significant (P < .000). The lesions showed complete resolution on follow-up DWI for 6 patients. Three patients with cortical involvement of > or = 2 lobes showed partial recovery or death, but most of the other patients with WM involvement or cortical involvement in only 1 lobe experienced complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS The topographic localization of the lesions was the posterior limb of the IC, cerebral cortex, CR, CS, hippocampus, and BG. Most HE lesions probably correspond to areas of reversible cytotoxic edema as seen on DWI, which can predict the prognosis of HE according to the degree of lesion extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Kang
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Chunbuk, Republic of Korea
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Lee YS, Choi ES, Song CJ. Symptomatic nerve root changes on contrast-enhanced MR imaging after surgery for lumbar disk herniation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1062-7. [PMID: 19213822 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The significance of postoperative nerve root changes (enhancement, thickening, and displacement) is still a topic of debate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between nerve root changes and residual or recurrent symptoms after lumbar surgery with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 patients with 140 postoperative lumbar disk lesions causing residual or recurrent pain underwent contrast-enhanced MR imaging. The levels at which diskectomies had been performed were retrospectively evaluated for nerve root enhancement (NRE), thickening, and displacement. Association between nerve root changes and corresponding clinical presentations were statistically assessed. Nerve root changes in recurrent disk herniation (RDH) and postoperative epidural fibrosis (PEF) were also evaluated with clinical symptoms. RESULTS Ninety-two (65.7%) of the 140 disks demonstrated NRE. Regarding the association with clinical symptoms, the sensitivity was 91.7%, the specificity was 73.2%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 83.7%, and the negative predictive value was 85.4% (P = .000). Nerve root thickening and displacement were significantly associated with the clinical symptoms, especially when NRE was combined (PPV, 87.7% and 87.2%, respectively). When RDH was combined with all 3 nerve root changes, the PPV was increased up to 94.1%. However, in PEF, the association between nerve root changes and clinical symptoms was not significant unless all 3 nerve root changes were combined. CONCLUSIONS In patients with residual or recurrent pain after surgery for lumbar disk herniation, nerve root changes on contrast-enhanced MR imaging were well associated with clinical symptoms, of which NRE was the most significant finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- Department of Radiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea.
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Chung SP, Chung HS, Ryu S, Rhu S, Kim SW, Yoo IS, Kim J, Song CJ. Emergency department experience of primary diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the patient with lacunar syndrome. Emerg Med J 2007; 23:675-8. [PMID: 16921077 PMCID: PMC2564205 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2006.035402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a particular magnetic resonance imaging technique known as primary diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for patients with lacunar syndrome in the emergency department (ED). METHODS Patients with one of five classic lacunar syndromes underwent DWI as primary imaging modality. The DWI findings were classified into groups: (a) having a lesion with high signal intensity, (b) having a lesion with mixed signal intensity, and (c) unremarkable. The final clinical diagnoses were extracted from the patients' medical records, and used as a reference standard. RESULTS Of 151 DWI images, 120 (79%) were interpreted as high signal lesions, 21 (14%) as mixed signal lesions, and 10 (7%) as unremarkable. All patients with high signal lesions or unremarkable findings were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke. The patients with mixed signal lesions were diagnosed with haemorrhagic stroke with an exception of one ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSION Primary DWI is a feasible and useful neuroimaging tool for patients with lacunar syndrome in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Song CJ, Nakagomi A, Chandar S, Cai H, Lim IGS, McNeil HP, Freedman SB, Geczy CL. C-reactive protein contributes to the hypercoagulable state in coronary artery disease. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:98-106. [PMID: 16409458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels predict coronary events, but it is unclear whether CRP plays a role in thrombosis associated with these events. We investigated tissue factor (TF) induction by CRP on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with coronary disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS PBMC from 35 patients with stable angina (SA) in study 1, 10 male patients with SA, 10 with unstable angina (UA) and 10 matched controls in study 2, and 25 patients with inflammatory disorders (ID) and 24 normal controls in study 3 were stimulated with CRP, interferon-gamma (IFN) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or their combination. PBMC from additional normal donors were also stimulated with CRP in adherent and non-adherent conditions, and TF activity, antigen and mRNA expression detected. RESULTS CRP (5-25 microg mL(-1)) dose dependently induced more TF on PBMC from SA patients than 42 contemporary controls (P = 0.001, study 1). Compared with controls, patients with SA or UA had higher basal, and much higher CRP- or CRP/LPS-induced monocyte TF activity although serum CRP levels were similar (study 2). IFN induced monocyte TF activity in patients with angina, but not in controls. Basal or CRP-induced TF levels did not differ between controls and ID, even though ID patients had much higher serum CRP levels (study 3). CRP-induced monocyte TF activity correlated with serum CRP levels in controls (P = 0.005) and ID (P = 0.007) in study 3, but not in patients with angina (P =0.84) in study 2. CRP induced more TF activity, protein and mRNA under adherent than non-adherent conditions implying that it may mainly target macrophages in lymphocyte-rich lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that monocytes from patients with angina are preactivated and express TF but CRP is unlikely to be a major priming factor in vivo. IFN and CRP further increase TF levels that may contribute to the hypercoagulable state in coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Song
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Kwon OY, Chung SP, Yoo IS, Song CJ, Kim IB, Kim SW. Delayed presentation of internal mammary artery rupture after blunt chest trauma: characteristic CT and plain x ray findings. Emerg Med J 2005; 22:664-5. [PMID: 16113196 PMCID: PMC1726917 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2003.013607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Y Kwon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea [corrected]
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Song CJ, Liu XS, Zhu Y, Chen LH, Jia W, Li YN, Cao YX, Xie X, Zhuang R, Zhu CS, Jin BQ. Expression of TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 in kidney and serum from patients receiving renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2005; 36:1340-3. [PMID: 15251327 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal transplantation is the best treatment of some end-stage renal diseases. Unfortunately, not every transplant is successful due to the rejection or dysfunction of the transplanted kidney. Many cytokines participate in rejection by inducing inflammation or apoptosis. In this study, the expressions of TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 in rejected renal tissue and of serum soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) in patients with kidney rejection were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The results showed that the expression of TRAIL, DR4 and DR5, and serum sTRAIL levels were markedly upregulated among renal transplant patients. Since both membrane and soluble forms of TRAIL can induce apoptosis of DR4/DR5-expressing cells via recruiting FADD and caspase 8, elevated TRAIL and its receptors may participate in renal graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Song
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. People's Republic of China
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Abstract
A cDNA encoding a pea nuclear apyrase was previously cloned. Overexpressions of a full-length and a truncated cDNA have been successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The resulting fusion proteins, apyrase and the C-terminus (residues 315-453) of apyrase, were used for calmodulin (CaM) binding and phosphorylation studies. Fusion protein apyrase but not the C-terminus of apyrase can be recognized by polyclonal antibody pc480. This suggested that the motif recognized by pc480 was located in the N-terminal region of apyrase. The recombinant apyrase protein also showed an activity 70 times higher than that of endogenous apyrase using ATP as a substrate. The recombinant apyrase has a preference for ATP more than other nucleoside triphosphate substrates. CaM can bind to recombinant apyrase, but not to the C-terminus of apyrase. This implies that the CaM-binding domain must be in the first 315 amino acids of the N-terminal region of apyrase. We found that one segment from residue 293 to 308 was a good candidate for the CaM-binding domain. This segment 293 FNKCKNTIRKALKLNY 308 has a basic amphiphilic-helical structure, which shows the predominance of basic residues on one side and hydrophobic residues on the other when displayed on a helical wheel plot. Using the gel mobility shift binding assay, this synthetic peptide was shown to bind to CaM, indicating that it is the CaM-binding domain. Both recombinant apyrase and the C-terminus of apyrase can be phosphorylated by a recombinant human protein kinase CKII. Phosphorylation does not affect CaM binding to recombinant apyrase. However, CaM does inhibit CKII phosphorylation of recombinant apyrase and this inhibition can be blocked by 5 mM EGTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Hsieh
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 78712-1187, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the computed tomographic (CT) findings of heterotopic pancreas in the stomach. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT findings in 12 patients with heterotopic pancreas in the stomach were reviewed. Surgical resection (n = 11) or endoscopic excision (n = 1) was performed in cases of symptomatic heterotopic pancreas (n = 4), suspected submucosal tumors (n = 7), and gastric carcinoma (n = 1). Seven patients underwent helical CT with water as an oral contrast agent; five underwent nonhelical CT with water-soluble contrast material. RESULTS Nine heterotopic pancreata were in the antrum and one each was in the body, fundus, and perigastric fat. Seven lesions were on the greater curvature aspect; five, on the lesser curvature aspect. Common CT findings were well-defined oval or round masses with smooth or serrated margins in the gastric antral wall. Four of the seven lesions in which helical CT was performed enhanced similarly to normal pancreas. Preoperatively, CT depicted 11 of the 12 lesions, but CT findings were interpreted correctly as heterotopic pancreas in only two; the remaining 10 were misinterpreted as other lesions. Atypical findings were cystic dilatation of heterotopic pancreatic duct in two, unusual location in the fundus or perigastric fat in two, and malignant transformation in one. CONCLUSION CT findings of heterotopic pancreas in the stomach appear to be nonspecific for diagnosis, except for location.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Cho
- Departments of Radiology, Surgery, and Pathology, Chungnam University Hospital Daesa-dong 640, Joong-Ku, Taejon 301-040, Korea.
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Song CJ, Kim JH, Kier EL, Bronen RA. MR imaging and histologic features of subinsular bright spots on T2-weighted MR images: Virchow-Robin spaces of the extreme capsule and insular cortex. Radiology 2000; 214:671-7. [PMID: 10715028 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.214.3.r00mr17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the cause and frequency of high-signal-intensity foci detected in the insular cortex and extreme capsule on thin-section, high-spatial-resolution, coronal, T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors assessed high-signal-intensity areas in the insular cortex and extreme capsule on coronal MR images obtained in 56 patients with seizure and five control subjects. Images were obtained with thin-section, high-spatial-resolution, T2-weighted, fast spin-echo; three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-recalled-echo; and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences. In two formalin-fixed brain specimens, MR imaging findings were correlated with gross anatomic and histologic findings. RESULTS Subinsular bright spots were found in 53 of the 56 (95%) patients (96 of 112 [86%] hemispheres) and all five control subjects. The spots were elliptical in 30 patients, round in 14 patients, linear in 22 patients, and dotlike in seven patients and often had a featherlike configuration. The spots were isointense to cerebrospinal fluid on T2-weighted, fast SE images and were located in the anterior extreme capsule white matter and insular cortex. MR imaging of brain specimens revealed bilateral elliptical areas of high signal intensity that corresponded to small multiple cavities at gross anatomic inspection. At microscopic examination, these cavities were perivascular spaces of mostly arteriolar origin. CONCLUSION High-signal-intensity subinsular foci at MR imaging are due to enlarged perivascular spaces. In most cases, these foci can be visualized on thin-section, high-spatial-resolution, coronal T2-weighted images; they should not be mistaken for pathologic conditions when they occur unilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Song
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8042, USA
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Cho JS, Kwag JG, Oh YR, Han SD, Song CJ. Detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of dynamic CT during the arterial dominant phase with uniphasic contrast medium injection. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1996; 20:128-34. [PMID: 8576463 DOI: 10.1097/00004728-199601000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to assess the effect of dynamic CT during the arterial dominant phase with uniphasic injection of intravenous contrast material (5 ml/s) in the detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-phase incremental dynamic CT was performed in 66 patients with 84 HCCs diagnosed by pathologic findings, characteristic angiographic findings, and clinical manifestations. One hundred fifty milliliters of nonionic contrast medium was administered intravenously by using a power injector at a flow rate of 5 ml/s for 30 s, and three-phase images were obtained at 20-45 s (arterial dominant phase), 55-80 s (portal venous phase), and 2-4 min (equilibrium phase) after the start of uniphasic intravenous injection. Three-phase images in 66 patients were compared and assessed for the detectability and enhancement pattern of the tumors. RESULTS The arterial dominant phase images of dynamic CT showed a moderate to marked hyperattenuation in 73 (87%) of the 84 HCCs, isoattenuation in 6 (7%), and hypoattenuation in 5 (6%). The portal venous phase images showed hyperattenuation in 6 (7%), isoattenuation in 45 (54%), and hypoattenuation in 33 (39%). In the equilibrium phase, CT findings showed hypoattenuation in 67 (80%) and isoattenuation in 17 (20%). The detectability of HCCs in the arterial dominant, portal venous, and equilibrium phase was 93, 46, and 80%, respectively. The detectability of HCCs in the arterial dominant phase was significantly (p < 0.0001) superior to that in both the portal venous phase and the equilibrium phase. CONCLUSION Dynamic CT during the arterial dominant phase with uniphasic injection of intravenous contrast medium (5 ml/s) is a useful method in the detection and characterization of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Cho
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chungnam University Hospital, Taejon, Korea
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Sun QF, Song CJ, Wang ZF. [Estimation of infarct size by serial determinations of serum CPK activity (report of 10 cases)]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1980; 8:36-8. [PMID: 7449614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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