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Tan C, Chan CK, Ofner M, O'Brien J, Thomas NR, Callahan J, Pascual B, Palmer SJ, Serapion V, Fabro H, Kozak RA, Candon H, Chan AK, Powis JE, Leis JA. Implementation of point-of-care molecular testing for respiratory viruses in congregate living settings. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38659123 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2024.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To implement and evaluate a point-of-care (POC) molecular testing platform for respiratory viruses in congregate living settings (CLS). DESIGN Prospective quality improvement study. SETTING Seven CLS, including three nursing homes and four independent-living facilities. PARTICIPANTS Residents of CLS. METHODS A POC platform for COVID-19, influenza A and B, and respiratory syncytial virus was implemented at participating CLS from December 1, 2022 to April 15, 2023. Residents with respiratory symptoms underwent paired testing, with respiratory specimens tested first with the POC platform and then delivered to an off-site laboratory for multiplex respiratory virus panel (MRVP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as per standard protocol. Turn-around time and diagnostic accuracy of the POC platform were compared against MRVP PCR. In an exploratory analysis, time to outbreak declaration among participating CLS was compared against a convenience sample of 19 CLS that did not use the POC platform. RESULTS A total of 290 specimens that underwent paired testing were included. Turn-around time to result was significantly shorter with the POC platform compared to MRVP PCR, with median difference of 36.2 hours (interquartile range 21.8-46.4 hours). The POC platform had excellent diagnostic accuracy compared to MRVP PCR, with area under the curve statistic of .96. Time to outbreak declaration was shorter in CLS that used the POC platform compared to CLS that did not. CONCLUSION Rapid POC testing platforms for respiratory viruses can be implemented in CLS, with high diagnostic accuracy, expedited turn-around times, and shorter time to outbreak declaration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Tan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina K Chan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Ofner
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaclyn O'Brien
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neethu R Thomas
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Callahan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brigitte Pascual
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn J Palmer
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Serapion
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hannah Fabro
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Kozak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Candon
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne K Chan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff E Powis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerome A Leis
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Leis JA, Chan CK, Tan C, Callahan J, Serapion V, Pascual B, Lee W, O'Brien J, Thomas NR, Candon H, Crittenden M, Kiss A, Chan AK, Ofner M, Powis JE. Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in congregate living settings: a multicenter prospective study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38562085 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2024.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults residing in congregate living settings (CLS) such as nursing homes and independent living facilities remain at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019. We performed a prospective multicenter study of consecutive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures to identify predictors of transmission in this setting. METHODS Consecutive resident SARS-CoV-2 exposures across 17 CLS were prospectively characterized from 1 September 2022 to 1 March 2023, including factors related to environment, source, and exposed resident. Room size, humidity, and ventilation were measured in locations where exposures occurred. Predictors were incorporated in a generalized estimating equation model adjusting for the correlation within CLS. RESULTS Among 670 consecutive exposures to SARS-CoV-2 across 17 CLS, transmission occurred among 328 (49.0%). Increased risk was associated with nursing homes (odds ratio (OR) = 90.8; 95% CI, 7.8-1047.4), Jack and Jill rooms (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.6), from source who was pre-symptomatic (OR = 11.2; 95% CI, 4.1-30.9), symptomatic (OR = 6.5; 95% CI, 1.4-29.9), or rapid antigen test positive (OR = 35.6; 95% CI, 5.6-225.6), and in the presence of secondary exposure (OR = 6.3; 95% CI, 1.6-24.0). Exposure in dining room was associated with reduced risk (OR = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.005-0.08) as was medium room size (OR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6). Recent vaccination of exposed resident (OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0) and increased ventilation of room (OR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-1.0) were marginally associated with reduced risk. CONCLUSION Prospective assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposures in CLS suggests that source characteristics and location of exposure are most predictive of resident transmission. These findings can inform risk assessment and further opportunities to prevent transmission in CLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Leis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Charlie Tan
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Wayne Lee
- Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex Kiss
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne K Chan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jeff E Powis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chang MY, Chan CK, Brune JE, Manicone AM, Bomsztyk K, Frevert CW, Altemeier WA. Regulation of Versican Expression in Macrophages is Mediated by Canonical Type I Interferon Signaling via ISGF3. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.14.585097. [PMID: 38559011 PMCID: PMC10980001 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a role for versican as an important component of the inflammatory response, with both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the specific context of the system or disease under investigation. Our goal is to understand the regulation of macrophage-derived versican and the role it plays in innate immunity. In previous work, we showed that LPS triggers a signaling cascade involving TLR4, the Trif adaptor, type I interferons, and the type I interferon receptor, leading to increased versican expression by macrophages. In the present study, we used a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA, chemical inhibitors, and mouse model approaches to investigate the regulatory events downstream of the type I interferon receptor to better define the mechanism controlling versican expression. Results indicate that transcriptional regulation by canonical type I interferon signaling via the heterotrimeric transcription factor, ISGF3, controls versican expression in macrophages exposed to LPS. This pathway is not dependent on MAPK signaling, which has been shown to regulate versican expression in other cell types. The stability of versican mRNA may also contribute to prolonged versican expression in macrophages. These findings strongly support a role for macrophage-derived versican as a type I interferon-stimulated gene and further our understanding of versican's role in regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y. Chang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
| | - Christina K. Chan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
| | - Jourdan E. Brune
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
| | - Anne M. Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Karol Bomsztyk
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - William A. Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Tang F, Reeves SR, Brune JE, Chang MY, Chan CK, Waldron P, Drummond SP, Milner CM, Alonge KM, Garantziotis S, Day AJ, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) and hyaluronan modifications enhance the innate immune response to influenza virus in the lung. Matrix Biol 2024; 126:25-42. [PMID: 38232913 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) complex is composed of the bikunin core protein with a single chondroitin sulfate (CS) attached and one or two heavy chains (HCs) covalently linked to the CS chain. The HCs from IαI can be transferred to hyaluronan (HA) through a TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) dependent process to form an HC•HA matrix. Previous studies reported increased IαI, HA, and HC•HA complexes in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) post-influenza infection. However, the expression and incorporation of HCs into the HA matrix of the lungs during the clinical course of influenza A virus (IAV) infection and the biological significance of the HC•HA matrix are poorly understood. The present study aimed to better understand the composition of HC•HA matrices in mice infected with IAV and how these matrices regulate the host pulmonary immune response. In IAV infected mice bikunin, HC1-3, TSG-6, and HAS1-3 all show increased gene expression at various times during a 12-day clinical course. The increased accumulation of IαI and HA was confirmed in the lungs of infected mice using immunohistochemistry and quantitative digital pathology. Western blots confirmed increases in the IαI components in BALF and lung tissue at 6 days post-infection (dpi). Interestingly, HCs and bikunin recovered from BALF and plasma from mice 6 dpi with IAV, displayed differences in the HC composition by Western blot analysis and differences in bikunin's CS chain sulfation patterns by mass spectrometry analysis. This strongly suggests that the IαI components were synthesized in the lungs rather than translocated from the vascular compartment. HA was significantly increased in BALF at 6 dpi, and the HA recovered in BALF and lung tissues were modified with HCs indicating the presence of an HC•HA matrix. In vitro experiments using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) treated mouse lung fibroblasts (MLF) showed that modification of HA with HCs increased cell-associated HA, and that this increase was due to the retention of HA in the MLF glycocalyx. In vitro studies of leukocyte adhesion showed differential binding of lymphoid (Hut78), monocyte (U937), and neutrophil (dHL60) cell lines to HA and HC•HA matrices. Hut78 cells adhered to immobilized HA in a size and concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, the binding of dHL60 and U937 cells depended on generating a HC•HA matrix by MLF. Our in vivo findings, using multiple bronchoalveolar lavages, correlated with our in vitro findings in that lymphoid cells bound more tightly to the HA-glycocalyx in the lungs of influenza-infected mice than neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs). The neutrophils and MNPs were associated with a HC•HA matrix and were more readily lavaged from the lungs. In conclusion, this work shows increased IαI and HA accumulation and the formation of a HC•HA matrix in mouse lungs post-IAV infection. The formation of HA and HC•HA matrices could potentially create specific microenvironments in the lungs for immune cell recruitment and activation during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Waldron
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sheona P Drummond
- Welcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Day
- Welcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chan CK, Leis JA, Candon H, Thomas NR, O’Brien J, Callahan J, Pascual B, Ofner M, Fazalullasha F, Chan AK, Powis JE, Tan C. Influenza outbreak management tabletop exercise for congregate living settings. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol 2024; 4:e4. [PMID: 38234418 PMCID: PMC10789978 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We conducted a tabletop exercise on influenza outbreak preparedness that engaged a large group of congregate living settings (CLS), with improvements in self-reported knowledge and readiness. This proactive approach to responding to communicable disease threats has potential to build infection prevention and control capacity beyond COVID-19 in the CLS sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K. Chan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerome A. Leis
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Candon
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neethu R. Thomas
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaclyn O’Brien
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Callahan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brigitte Pascual
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Ofner
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Adrienne K. Chan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff E. Powis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Toronto East Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charlie Tan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chen WJ, Ko IS, Lin CA, Chen CJ, Wu JS, Chan CK. Detection of Anticipatory Dynamics between a Pair of Zebrafish. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 26:13. [PMID: 38275492 DOI: 10.3390/e26010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Anticipatory dynamics (AD) is unusual in that responses from an information receiver can appear ahead of triggers from the source, and direction of information flow (DIF) is needed to establish causality. Although it is believed that anticipatory dynamics is important for animals' survival, natural examples are rare. Time series (trajectories) from a pair of interacting zebrafish are used to look for the existence of AD in natural systems. In order to obtain the DIF between the two trajectories, we have made use of a special experimental design to designate information source. However, we have also used common statistical tools such as Granger causality and transfer entropy to detect DIF. In our experiments, we found that a majority of the fish pairs do not show any anticipatory behaviors and only a few pairs displayed possible AD. Interestingly, for fish in this latter group, they do not display AD all the time. Our findings suggest that the formation of schooling of fish might not need the help of AD, and new tools are needed in the detection of causality in AD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Shih Ko
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Shian Wu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - C K Chan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Yuen SKK, Bower W, Ng CF, Chiu PKF, Teoh JYC, Li CSY, Kwok HSW, Chan CK, Hou SSM. Cross-cultural translation into Chinese and psychometric evaluation of a screening tool for nocturia: the Targeting the individual's Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes (TANGO) questionnaire. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29:311-321. [PMID: 37532669 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We conducted translation and psychometric validation of a self-administered, 22-item dichotomous response-based questionnaire to identify nocturia aetiologies and co-morbidities in adult patients. METHODS The Targeting the individual's Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes (TANGO) questionnaire was forward- and backward-translated, then finalised using a standardised methodology. The resulting version, a Chinese version of the TANGO [TANGO (CV)], was evaluated for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, convergent validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity via responses from 65 participants (46 men and 19 women; mean age, 67 years, range, 50-88), in comparison with other validated questionnaires and a 4-day bladder/sleep diary. RESULTS Only 0.4% of responses were missing; 3% of participants required assistance with comprehension. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) coefficient for the whole tool was 0.711. Kappa values for individual domains and the whole tool varied from 0.871 to 0.866, indicating satisfactory test-retest reliability. There was strong agreement between the sum of positive responses to each domain and the whole tool (intra-class correlation coefficient=0.878-1.000). Modest correlations (ρ=0.4-0.6) were detected between the tool and bladder/sleep diary-based parameters for convergent validity. Criterion validity was confirmed for each domain and the whole tool [ρ=0.287-0.687]. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the tool could distinguish patients (≥2 nocturia episodes/night) from controls (≤1 nocturia episode/night) [Youden's J statistic=0.453, area under the curve=0.818, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.683-0.953] and patients with significant nocturia distress from patients with mild nocturia distress (Youden's J statistic=0.398, area under the curve=0.729, 95% CI=0.581-0.878). CONCLUSION The TANGO (CV) was formally crossculturally adapted and translated. Its psychometric properties (except sensitivity to change) were validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K K Yuen
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W Bower
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C F Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P K F Chiu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Y C Teoh
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C S Y Li
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - H S W Kwok
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C K Chan
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S S M Hou
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Poon DMC, Chan CK, Chan K, Chu WH, Kwong PWK, Lam W, Law KS, Lee EKC, Liu PL, Sze HCK, Wong JHM, Chan ESY. Recommendations for the management of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma: joint consensus statements from the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:475-481. [PMID: 35815480 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney cancer, primarily renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ranks among the top 10 most common malignancies in the male population of Hong Kong. In 2019, members of two medical societies in Hong Kong formed an expert panel to establish a set of consensus statements for the management of metastatic RCC. On 22 June 2021, the same panel met to review recent evidence and reassess their positions regarding the management of advanced and metastatic RCC, with the aim of providing recommendations for physicians in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS The panel included 12 experts (6 clinical oncologists and 6 urologists) who had extensive experience managing patients with RCC in Hong Kong. EVIDENCE The panel reviewed randomised controlled trials, observational studies, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and international clinical guidelines to address key clinical questions that were identified before the meeting. CONSENSUS PROCESS In total, 15 key clinical questions were identified before the meeting, covering the surgical and systemic treatment of advanced or metastatic clear cell, sarcomatoid, and non-clear cell RCCs. At the meeting, the panellists voted on these questions, then discussed relevant evidence and practical considerations. CONCLUSIONS The treatment landscape for advanced and metastatic RCC continues to evolve. More immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination regimens will be indicated for the treatment of metastatic clear cell RCC. There is increasing evidence concerning the benefit of adjuvant ICI treatment for resected advanced RCC. This article summarises recent evidence and expert insights regarding a series of key clinical questions about the management of advanced and metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M C Poon
- Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Hong Kong Urological Association, Hong Kong
| | - K Chan
- Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology, Hong Kong
| | - W H Chu
- Hong Kong Urological Association, Hong Kong
| | - P W K Kwong
- Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology, Hong Kong
| | - W Lam
- Hong Kong Urological Association, Hong Kong
| | - K S Law
- Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology, Hong Kong
| | - E K C Lee
- Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology, Hong Kong
| | - P L Liu
- Hong Kong Urological Association, Hong Kong
| | - H C K Sze
- Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology, Hong Kong
| | - J H M Wong
- Hong Kong Urological Association, Hong Kong
| | - E S Y Chan
- Hong Kong Urological Association, Hong Kong
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9
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Chan CK, Wong RSM, Chan JCM, Chong YK, Au Yeung J, Yung TH. Liver injury associated with the use of health supplement HemoHIM. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:413-414. [PMID: 38232970 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C K Chan
- Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - R S M Wong
- Prince of Wales Hospital Poison Treatment Centre, Hong Kong
| | - J C M Chan
- Prince of Wales Hospital Poison Treatment Centre, Hong Kong
| | - Y K Chong
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Hong Kong
| | - J Au Yeung
- Hospital Authority Chief Pharmacist's Office, Hong Kong
| | - T H Yung
- Hospital Authority Chief Pharmacist's Office, Hong Kong
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10
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Sun C, Lin KC, Yeung CY, Ching ESC, Huang YT, Lai PY, Chan CK. Revealing directed effective connectivity of cortical neuronal networks from measurements. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044406. [PMID: 35590680 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the study of biological networks, one of the major challenges is to understand the relationships between network structure and dynamics. In this paper, we model in vitro cortical neuronal cultures as stochastic dynamical systems and apply a method that reconstructs directed networks from dynamics [Ching and Tam, Phys. Rev. E 95, 010301(R) (2017)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.95.010301] to reveal directed effective connectivity, namely, the directed links and synaptic weights, of the neuronal cultures from voltage measurements recorded by a multielectrode array. The effective connectivity so obtained reproduces several features of cortical regions in rats and monkeys and has similar network properties as the synaptic network of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, whose entire nervous system has been mapped out. The distribution of the incoming degree is bimodal and the distributions of the average incoming and outgoing synaptic strength are non-Gaussian with long tails. The effective connectivity captures different information from the commonly studied functional connectivity, estimated using statistical correlation between spiking activities. The average synaptic strengths of excitatory incoming and outgoing links are found to increase with the spiking activity in the estimated effective connectivity but not in the functional connectivity estimated using the same sets of voltage measurements. These results thus demonstrate that the reconstructed effective connectivity can capture the general properties of synaptic connections and better reveal relationships between network structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumin Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - K C Lin
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Yeung
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Emily S C Ching
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 320, ROC
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Pik-Yin Lai
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 320, ROC
| | - C K Chan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
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11
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Kang I, Hundhausen C, Evanko SP, Malapati P, Workman G, Chan CK, Rims C, Firestein GS, Boyle DL, MacDonald KM, Buckner JH, Wight TN. Crosstalk between CD4 T cells and synovial fibroblasts from human arthritic joints promotes hyaluronan-dependent leukocyte adhesion and inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 14:100110. [PMID: 35573706 PMCID: PMC9097711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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12
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Bogdani M, Simeonovic C, Nagy N, Johnson PY, Chan CK, Wight TN. Detection of Glycosaminoglycans in Pancreatic Islets and Lymphoid Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:695-717. [PMID: 34626417 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the detection of the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan and heparan sulfate in pancreatic islets and lymphoid tissues. The identification of hyaluronan in tissues is achieved by utilizing a highly specific hyaluronan binding protein (HABP) probe that interacts with hyaluronan in tissue sections. The HABP probe is prepared by enzymatic digestion of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan aggrecan which is present in bovine nasal cartilage and is then biotinylated in the presence of bound hyaluronan and the link protein. Hyaluronan is then removed by gel filtration chromatography. The biotinylated HABP-link protein complex is applied to tissue sections, and binding of the complex to tissue hyaluronan is visualized by enzymatic precipitation of chromogenic substrates.To determine hyaluronan content in tissues, tissues are first proteolytically digested to release hyaluronan from the macromolecular complexes that this molecule forms with other extracellular matrix constituents. Digested tissue is then incubated with HABP . The hyaluronan-HABP complexes are extracted, and the hyaluronan concentration in the tissue is determined using an ELISA-like assay.Historically, heparan sulfate was identified in tissue sections using the cationic dye Alcian blue and histochemistry based on the critical electrolyte concentration principle of differential staining of glycosaminoglycans using salt solutions. For both human and mouse pancreas sections, the current optimal method for detecting heparan sulfate is by indirect immunohistochemistry using a specific anti-heparan sulfate monoclonal antibody. A peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody is then applied, and its binding to the anti-heparan sulfate antibody is visualized by oxidation and precipitation of a chromogenic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charmaine Simeonovic
- Diabetes/Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Y Johnson
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Chan TT, Leung WCY, Chan CK, Lo HKT, Tso WWY, Tsui SH, Chan TSY, Chang RSK. Clinical experience in diagnosis and management of acquired methaemoglobinaemia: a case report and retrospective review. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:366-369. [PMID: 34706989 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj209028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T T Chan
- Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W C Y Leung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Clinical Toxicology Department, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - H K T Lo
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W W Y Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S H Tsui
- Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T S Y Chan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - R S K Chang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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14
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Lin QR, Chou PY, Chan CK. Information synergy in the anticipatory dynamics of a retina. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034420. [PMID: 34654118 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anticipation is the phenomenon in which the response of a system is predictive of the stimulation. The encoding of stochastic light intensity (x) into spikes is investigated in an experiment with retinas from bullfrogs to understand the mechanism of anticipation of a retina. Partial information decomposition of the mutual information between the spike rates and the joint state {x,x[over ̇]} is found to be consistent with the encoding by the linear combination of x and x[over ̇] where x[over ̇] is the rate of change of x. This spike rate encoding form indicates that a retina is capable of anticipation based on the synergistic information generation between x and x[over ̇]. Our results suggest that illusions such as the anticipation studied here during retinal perception can originate from the recombination of information extracted in the retinal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Rong Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - C K Chan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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15
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Leung JSL, Poon VYK, Lam TYC, Chan CK, Chiu Y, Chu TY, Fung SKS, Ma WK. Ketamine-associated nephropathy treated with renal transplantation: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:219-221. [PMID: 34168089 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S L Leung
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - V Y K Poon
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T Y C Lam
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T Y Chu
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S K S Fung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W K Ma
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
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16
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Vernon RB, Gooden MD, Chan CK, Workman G, Obika M, Wight TN. Autocrine Hyaluronan Influences Sprouting and Lumen Formation During HUVEC Tubulogenesis In Vitro. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:415-428. [PMID: 34080894 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211022703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have focused on a role for hyaluronan (HA) of interstitial extracellular matrix (presumably produced by non-vascular "stromal" cells) in regulating vascular growth, we herein examine the influence of "autocrine HA" produced by vascular endothelial cells themselves on tubulogenesis, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in angiogenic and vasculogenic three-dimensional collagen gel cultures. Relative to unstimulated controls, tubulogenic HUVECs upregulated HAS2 mRNA and increased the synthesis of cell-associated HA (but not HA secreted into media). Confocal microscopy/immunofluorescence on cultures fixed with neutral-buffered 10% formalin (NBF) revealed cytoplasmic HAS2 in HUVEC cords and tubes. Cultures fixed with NBF (with cetylpyridinium chloride added to retain HA), stained for HA using "affinity fluorescence" (biotinylated HA-binding protein with streptavidin-fluor), and viewed by confocal microscopy showed HA throughout tube lumens, but little/no HA on the abluminal sides of the tubes or in the surrounding collagen gel. Lumen formation in angiogenic and vasculogenic cultures was strongly suppressed by metabolic inhibitors of HA synthesis (mannose and 4-methylumbelliferone). Hyaluronidase strongly inhibited lumen formation in angiogenic cultures, but not in vasculogenic cultures (where developing lumens are not open to culture medium). Collectively, our results point to a role for autocrine, luminal HA in microvascular sprouting and lumen development. (J Histochem Cytochem 69: 415-428, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Vernon
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michel D Gooden
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina K Chan
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gail Workman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Masanari Obika
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
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17
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Han CY, Kang I, Harten IA, Gebe JA, Chan CK, Omer M, Alonge KM, den Hartigh LJ, Gomes Kjerulf D, Goodspeed L, Subramanian S, Wang S, Kim F, Birk DE, Wight TN, Chait A. Adipocyte-Derived Versican and Macrophage-Derived Biglycan Control Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107818. [PMID: 32610121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue inflammation. Because proteoglycans regulate inflammation, here we investigate their role in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. We find that adipose tissue versican and biglycan increase in obesity. Versican is produced mainly by adipocytes and biglycan by adipose tissue macrophages. Both proteoglycans are also present in adipose tissue from obese human subjects undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Deletion of adipocyte-specific versican or macrophage-specific biglycan in mice reduces macrophage accumulation and chemokine and cytokine expression, although only adipocyte-specific versican deletion leads to sustained improvement in glucose tolerance. Macrophage-derived biglycan activates inflammatory genes in adipocytes. Versican expression increases in cultured adipocytes exposed to excess glucose, and adipocyte-conditioned medium stimulates inflammation in resident peritoneal macrophages, in part because of a versican breakdown product, versikine. These findings provide insights into the role of adipocyte- and macrophage-derived proteoglycans in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yeop Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingrid A Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A Gebe
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diego Gomes Kjerulf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Francis Kim
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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18
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Chou PY, Chien JF, Chen KS, Huang YT, Chen CC, Chan CK. Anticipation and negative group delay in a retina. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:L020401. [PMID: 33736006 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.l020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of negative group delay (NGD) is used to understand the anticipatory capability of a retina. Experiments with retinas from bullfrogs are performed to compare with the predictions of the NGD model. In particular, whole field stochastic stimulations with various autocorrelation times are used to probe anticipatory responses from the retina. We find that the NGD model can reproduce essential features of experimental observations characterized by the cross correlations between the stimulation and the retinal responses. Experiments with dark light pulse stimulations further support the NGD mechanism, with the retina producing time-advanced pulse responses. However, no time-advanced pulse responses are produced by bright pulses. Counterintuitively, the NGD model shows that it is the delay in the system which gives rise to anticipation because of the negative feedback adaptation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chou
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jo-Fan Chien
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kevin Sean Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chung Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C K Chan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
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19
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Evanko SP, Gooden MD, Kang I, Chan CK, Vernon RB, Wight TN. A Role for HAPLN1 During Phenotypic Modulation of Human Lung Fibroblasts In Vitro. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:797-811. [PMID: 33064036 PMCID: PMC7649966 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420966663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) stabilizes interactions between two important extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules, versican and hyaluronan, which facilitate proliferation of fibroblasts and their conversion to myofibroblasts. However, the role of HAPLN1 in these events has not been studied. Using immunocytochemistry, cellular and ECM locations of HAPLN1 were evaluated in cultured human lung fibroblasts during proliferation and conversion to myofibroblasts. HAPLN1 localized to pericellular matrices, associating with both versican and hyaluronan in the ECM and on the cell surface. Nuclear and total HAPLN1 immunostaining increased after myofibroblast induction. Confocal microscopy showed HAPLN1 predominant in the ECM under cells while versican predominated above cells. Versican and HAPLN1 were also juxtaposed in columnar inclusions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear HAPLN1 staining in interphase cells redistributed to the cytosol during mitosis. In the absence of TGF-β1, addition of exogenous bovine HAPLN1 (together with aggrecan G1) facilitated myofibroblast formation, as seen by significant upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) staining, while adding full-length bovine versican had no effect. Increased compaction of hyaluronan-rich ECM suggests that HAPLN1 plus G1 addition affects hyaluronan networks and myofibroblast formation. These observations demonstrate changes in both extracellular and intracellular localization of HAPLN1 during fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast conversion suggesting a possible role in fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Evanko
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michel D Gooden
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert B Vernon
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Alonge KM, Mirzadeh Z, Scarlett JM, Logsdon AF, Brown JM, Cabrales E, Chan CK, Kaiyala KJ, Bentsen MA, Banks WA, Guttman M, Wight TN, Morton GJ, Schwartz MW. Hypothalamic perineuronal net assembly is required for sustained diabetes remission induced by fibroblast growth factor 1 in rats. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1025-1033. [PMID: 32895577 PMCID: PMC7572652 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that perineuronal nets (PNNs) enmesh glucoregulatory neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH)1, but whether these PNNs play a role in either the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) or its treatment remains unclear. Here we show that PNN abundance within the Arc is markedly reduced in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model of T2D, compared with normoglycaemic rats, correlating with altered PNN-associated sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans in the MBH. Each of these PNN-associated changes is reversed following a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) at a dose that induces sustained diabetes remission in male ZDF rats. Combined with previous work localizing this FGF1 effect to the Arc area2-4, our finding that enzymatic digestion of Arc PNNs markedly shortens the duration of diabetes remission following icv FGF1 injection in these animals identifies these extracellular matrix structures as previously unrecognized participants in the mechanism underlying diabetes remission induced by the central action of FGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Alonge
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zaman Mirzadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- Department of Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny M Brown
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine Cabrales
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karl J Kaiyala
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie A Bentsen
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William A Banks
- Department of Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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21
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Teh KH, Ruben JK, Chan CK, Abbas AA. Femoral Neck Non-Union - A Biomechanical Solution with Valgus Sliding Subtrochanteric Osteotomy: A Case Report. Malays Orthop J 2020; 14:134-137. [PMID: 32983389 PMCID: PMC7513664 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2007.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avascular necrosis and non-union are two most dreaded complications of femoral neck fracture fixations. Hip replacement seems to be a simple solution for this complex problem. However, the long-term efficacy of prosthetic replacement in the young population with higher functional demand is still questionable. Femoral head preserving valgus subtrochanteric osteotomies in properly selected cases have strong support from literature. The conventional technique of valgus subtrochanteric osteotomy involves lateral based wedge resection. Alternatively, a simpler sliding oblique subtrochanteric osteotomy without any wedge removal can also be performed. We hereby describe a successful case of sliding subtrochanteric osteotomy with 135° dynamic hip screw (DHS) plate fixation in treating non-union neck of femur fracture in a young gentleman.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Teh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - J K Ruben
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Serdang, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - C K Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mahkota Medical Centre, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - A A Abbas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Harten IA, Kaber G, Agarwal KJ, Kang I, Ibarrientos SR, Workman G, Chan CK, Nivison MP, Nagy N, Braun KR, Kinsella MG, Merrilees MJ, Wight TN. The synthesis and secretion of versican isoform V3 by mammalian cells: A role for N-linked glycosylation. Matrix Biol 2020; 89:27-42. [PMID: 32001344 PMCID: PMC7282976 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Versican is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan found in most soft tissues, which is encoded by the VCAN gene. At least four major isoforms (V0, V1, V2, and V3) are generated via alternative splicing. The isoforms of versican are expressed and accumulate in various tissues during development and disease, where they contribute to ECM structure, cell growth and migration, and immune regulation, among their many functions. While several studies have identified the mRNA transcript for the V3 isoform in a number of tissues, little is known about the synthesis, secretion, and targeting of the V3 protein. In this study, we used lentiviral generation of doxycycline-inducible rat V3 with a C-terminal tag in stable NIH 3T3 cell lines and demonstrated that V3 is processed through the classical secretory pathway. We further show that N-linked glycosylation is required for efficient secretion and solubility of the protein. By site-directed mutagenesis, we identified amino acids 57 and 330 as the active N-linked glycosylation sites on V3 when expressed in this cell type. Furthermore, exon deletion constructs of V3 revealed that exons 11-13, which code for portions of the carboxy region of the protein (G3 domain), are essential for V3 processing and secretion. Once secreted, the V3 protein associates with hyaluronan along the cell surface and within the surrounding ECM. These results establish critical parameters for the processing, solubility, and targeting of the V3 isoform by mammalian cells and establishes a role for V3 in the organization of hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A. Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiran J. Agarwal
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gail Workman
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K. Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary P. Nivison
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen R. Braun
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mervyn J. Merrilees
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wang X, Balaji S, Steen EH, Blum AJ, Li H, Chan CK, Manson SR, Lu TC, Rae MM, Austin PF, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Cheng J, Keswani SG. High-molecular weight hyaluronan attenuates tubulointerstitial scarring in kidney injury. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136345. [PMID: 32396531 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis features exaggerated inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and peritubular capillary loss. We previously showed that IL-10 stimulates high-molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) expression by fibroblasts, and we hypothesize that HMW-HA attenuates renal fibrosis by reducing inflammation and ECM remodeling. We studied the effects of IL-10 overexpression on HA production and scarring in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) to investigate whether IL-10 antifibrotic effects are HA dependent. C57BL/6J mice were fed with the HA synthesis inhibitor, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), before UUO. We observed that in vivo injury increased intratubular spaces, ECM deposition, and HA expression at day 7 and onward. IL-10 overexpression reduced renal fibrosis in both models, promoted HMW-HA synthesis and stability in UUO, and regulated cell proliferation in I/R. 4-MU inhibited IL-10-driven antifibrotic effects, indicating that HMW-HA is necessary for cytokine-mediated reduction of fibrosis. We also found that IL-10 induces in vitro HMW-HA production by renal fibroblasts via STAT3-dependent upregulation of HA synthase 2. We propose that IL-10-induced HMW-HA synthesis plays cytoprotective and antifibrotic roles in kidney injury, thereby revealing an effective strategy to attenuate renal fibrosis in obstructive and ischemic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily H Steen
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander J Blum
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott R Manson
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas C Lu
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meredith M Rae
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul F Austin
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Chou PY, Chiang WY, Chan CK, Lai PY. Dynamics of beating cardiac tissue under slow periodic drives. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012201. [PMID: 32069621 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Effects of mechanical coupling on cardiac dynamics are studied by monitoring the beating dynamics of a cardiac tissue which is being pulled periodically at a pace slower than its intrinsic beating rate. The tissue is taken from the heart of a bullfrog that includes pacemaker cells. The cardiac tissue beats spontaneously with an almost constant interbeat interval (IBI) when there is no external forcing. On the other hand, the IBI is observed to vary significantly under an external periodic drive. Interestingly, when the period of the external drive is about two times the intrinsic IBI of the tissue without pulling, the IBI as a function of time exhibits a wave packet structure. Our experimental results can be understood theoretically by a phase-coupled model under external driving. In particular, the theoretical prediction of the wave-packet period as a function of the normalized driving period agrees excellently with the observations. Furthermore, the cardiac mechanical coupling constant can be extracted from the experimental data from our model and is found to be insensitive to the external driving period. Implications of our results on cardiac physiology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chou
- Department of Physics, and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli District, TaoYuan City 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yin Chiang
- Department of Physics, and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli District, TaoYuan City 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C K Chan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pik-Yin Lai
- Department of Physics, and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli District, TaoYuan City 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Reeves SR, Barrow KA, Rich LM, White MP, Shubin NJ, Chan CK, Kang I, Ziegler SF, Piliponsky AM, Wight TN, Debley JS. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of Human Lung Fibroblasts Induces a Hyaluronan-Enriched Extracellular Matrix That Binds Mast Cells and Enhances Expression of Mast Cell Proteases. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3159. [PMID: 32047499 PMCID: PMC6997473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) treated with the viral mimetic polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) form an extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched in hyaluronan (HA) that avidly binds monocytes and lymphocytes. Mast cells are important innate immune cells in both asthma and acute respiratory infections including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); however, the effect of RSV on HA dependent mast cell adhesion and/or function is unknown. To determine if RSV infection of HLFs leads to the formation of a HA-enriched ECM that binds and enhances mast cell activity primary HLFs were infected with RSV for 48 h prior to leukocyte binding studies using a fluorescently labeled human mast cell line (LUVA). Parallel HLFs were harvested for characterization of HA production by ELISA and size exclusion chromatography. In separate experiments, HLFs were infected as above for 48 h prior to adding LUVA cells to HLF wells. Co-cultures were incubated for 48 h at which point media and cell pellets were collected for analysis. The role of the hyaladherin tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) was also assessed using siRNA knockdown. RSV infection of primary HLFs for 48 h enhanced HA-dependent LUVA binding assessed by quantitative fluorescent microscopy. This coincided with increased HLF HA synthase (HAS) 2 and HAS3 expression and decreased hyaluronidase (HYAL) 2 expression leading to increased HA accumulation in the HLF cell layer and the presence of larger HA fragments. Separately, LUVAs co-cultured with RSV-infected HLFs for 48 h displayed enhanced production of the mast cell proteases, chymase, and tryptase. Pre-treatment with the HA inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and neutralizing antibodies to CD44 (HA receptor) decreased mast cell protease expression in co-cultured LUVAs implicating a direct role for HA. TSG-6 expression was increased over the 48-h infection. Inhibition of HLF TSG-6 expression by siRNA knockdown led to decreased LUVA binding suggesting an important role for this hyaladherin for LUVA adhesion in the setting of RSV infection. In summary, RSV infection of HLFs contributes to inflammation via HA-dependent mechanisms that enhance mast cell binding as well as mast cell protease expression via direct interactions with the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicholas J Shubin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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26
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Koh SM, Chan CK, Teo SH, Singh S, Merican A, Ng WM, Abbas A, Kamarul T. Elevated plasma and synovial fluid interleukin-8 and interleukin-18 may be associated with the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. Knee 2020; 27:26-35. [PMID: 31917106 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a multifactorial degenerative disease typically defined as the 'wear and tear' of articular joint cartilage. However, recent studies suggest that OA is a disease arising from chronic low-grade inflammation. We conducted a study to investigate the relationship between chronic inflammatory mediators present in both the systemic peripheral blood system and localised inflammation in synovial fluid (SF) of OA and non-OA knees; and subsequently made direct comparative analyses to understand the mechanisms that may underpin the processes involved in OA. METHODS 20-Plex proteins were quantified using Human Magnetic Luminex® assay (R&D Systems, USA) from plasma and SF of OA (n = 14) and non-OA (n = 14) patients. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to predict the relationship and possible interaction of molecules pertaining to OA. RESULTS There were significant differences in plasma level for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, interleukin (IL)-27, IL-8, IL-4, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, MMP-1, IL-15, IL-21, IL-10, and IL-1 beta between the groups, as well as significant differences in SF level for IL-15, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MMP-1, and IL-18. Our predictive OA model demonstrated that toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), TLR4 and IL-1 were the main regulators of IL-1B, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27, MMP-1 and MMP-3 in the plasma system; whilst IL-1B, TLR4, IL-1, and basigin (BSG) were the regulators of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, IL-27, MMP-1, and MMP-3 in the SF system. CONCLUSION The elevated plasma IL-8 and SF IL-18 may be associated with the pathogenesis of OA via the activation of MMP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Koh
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C K Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S H Teo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Merican
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W M Ng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Abbas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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27
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Alibekova R, Kadyrzhanuly K, Chan CK, An S, Gusmanov A, Yerubayev Z, Yessimkulova F, Bekisheva A, Ospanova Z, Rakhimova M. The impact of participation in support groups on mental health of parents having children with autism. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Whilst there is accumulated evidence about the high prevalence of stress and mood disorders in parents of children with autism, few studies have shown that participating in parental support groups was associated with less mental health problems. This study was aimed to explore the association of participation in support groups with stress and mood disorders in parents of children with autism in Kazakhstan.
Methods
Participants (n = 146) were recruited to this cross-sectional survey from autism non-governmental organizations and Republican Children’s Rehabilitation Center in Nur-Sultan city during April-December 2018. A 59 item survey consisted of questions on parental socio-demographics, needs, participation in support groups, depression, anxiety and stress (DASS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in STATA 15.
Results
44.4% of parents reported experiencing stress, and almost half of the sample had elevated depressive (53.7%) and anxiety symptoms (47.4%). 45.3% of participants were members of parental organizations; there were no significant differences in the prevalence of stress and mood disorders among members and non-members of parental support groups. Results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that parents with older autistic children (OR 1.37, p-value 0.001), less family support (OR 0.894, p-value 0.044) and higher income (OR 3.01, p-value 0.025) were more likely to be members of support groups.
Conclusions
These findings indicate the need to increase support groups to under-served populations of Kazakhstan’s families with autistic children. Additional efforts are needed to strengthen the role of support groups in meeting the emotional needs of the parents.
Key messages
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder experience elevated level of stress and mood disorders; however participation in support groups was not beneficial for relieving parental distress. Further research is warranted to explore the benefits of participation in support groups, and interventions are needed to strengthen the role of support groups in meeting the needs of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alibekova
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - K Kadyrzhanuly
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - C K Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - S An
- School of Humanities and Social Sciencies, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - A Gusmanov
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Z Yerubayev
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - F Yessimkulova
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - A Bekisheva
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Z Ospanova
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - M Rakhimova
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
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Lun KW, Chan CK, Ip PK, Ma SY, Tsai WW, Wong CS, Wong CH, Wong TW, Yan D. Depression and anxiety among university students in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 24:466-472. [PMID: 30245480 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj176915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Entry into tertiary education is a critical juncture where adolescents proceed to adulthood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and factors associated with such symptoms, among university undergraduate students in Hong Kong. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire study was employed. A total of 1200 undergraduate students from eight University Grants Committee-funded universities were invited to complete three sets of questionnaires, including the 9-item patient health questionnaire for screening of depressive symptoms, the 7-item generalised anxiety disorder scale for screening of anxiety symptoms, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. RESULTS Among the valid responses (n=1119) analysed, 767 (68.5%) respondents indicated mild to severe depressive symptoms, which were associated with mild to severe anxiety symptoms. Several lifestyle and psychosocial variables, including regular exercise, self-confidence, satisfaction with academic performance, and optimism towards the future were inversely related with mild to severe depressive symptoms. A total of 599 (54.4%) respondents indicated mild to severe anxiety symptoms, which were associated with level of academic difficulty. Satisfaction with friendship, sleep quality, and self-confidence were inversely associated with mild to severe anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION More than 50% of respondents expressed some degree of depressive and anxiety symptoms (68.5% and 54.4%, respectively). Approximately 9% of respondents exhibited moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms; 5.8% exhibited severe anxiety symptoms. Respondents reporting regular exercise, higher self-confidence, and better satisfaction with both friendship and academic performance had fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wc Lun
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - P Ky Ip
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - S Yk Ma
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W W Tsai
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C S Wong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Ht Wong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - D Yan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Chan CK, Wong KH, Lee MP, Chan KC, Leung CC, Leung EC, Chan WK, Mak IK. Risk factors associated with 1-year mortality among patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in areas with intermediate tuberculosis burden and low HIV prevalence. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 24:473-483. [PMID: 30262675 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data are limited regarding risk factors for mortality among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB) in areas with low HIV prevalence and intermediate TB burden, such as the Western Pacific region. This study aimed to assess such risk factors in Hong Kong, which has an intermediate TB burden and low HIV prevalence. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients reported to the Hong Kong TB-HIV Registry between 2006 and 2015. Baseline characteristics were compared with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Cox proportional hazards regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with mortality. RESULTS Of 299 patients studied, 21 (7.0%) died within 12 months of anti-TB treatment (median [interquartile range], 7.5 [3.8-10] months). The median age of death was 54 (interquartile range, 40.5-75.0) years. The cause of death was TB in five and unrelated to TB in the remaining 16. Cox proportional hazards regression showed that older age (adjusted hazard ratio=4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.4-14.9), history of drug addiction (4.6; 95% CI=1.6-13.0), and low baseline CD4 cell count of <50/μL (2.9; 95% CI=1.1-7.7) were independent risk factors for death within 12 months. CONCLUSION This study complements previous studies by providing information regarding risk factors associated with mortality among patients with HIV-associated TB in areas with intermediate TB burden and low HIV prevalence. The results from our study may guide targeted measures to improve survival in other areas with intermediate TB burden and low HIV prevalence, such as the Western Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Chan
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - K H Wong
- Head Office, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - M P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - K Cw Chan
- Integrated Treatment Centre, Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - C C Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - E Cc Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - W K Chan
- Integrated Treatment Centre, Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - I Ky Mak
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
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30
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Li AM, Fung CKC, Yu ITS, Goggins WB, Chan GYS, Chan CK, Lau APS, Leung JOS. Associations of wheeze during the first 18 months of life with indoor nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and family history of asthma: a prospective cohort study. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 3:20-23. [PMID: 30792368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A M Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | - I T S Yu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - C K Chan
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - A P S Lau
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract
Racemic bupivacaine is the most common local anaesthetic used intrathecally. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared the clinical efficacy and motor block of 0.5% levobupivacaine with 0.5% racemic bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for urological surgery. The surgery required an upper level of sensory block of at least the tenth thoracic dermatome. Fifty patients were recruited (levobupivacaine group n=24; bupivacaine group n=26). Spinal anaesthesia was achieved with 2.6 ml of study solution injected in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar 3/4 interspace. One patient from the levobupivacaine group was excluded due to technical failure. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the quality of sensory and motor block or in haemodynamic change. Anaesthesia was adequate and patient satisfaction good in all cases. We conclude that 0.5% levobupivacaine can be used as an alternative to 0.5% racemic bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for surgery when a sensory block to at least T10 is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Operating Theatre Services, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, S.A.R
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32
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Yee CH, Chan CK, Teoh JYC, Chiu PKF, Wong JHM, Chan ESY, Hou SSM, Ng CF. Survey on prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in an Asian population. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25:13-20. [PMID: 30655460 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have a strong effect on socio-economic and individual quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of LUTS in an Asian population. METHODS A telephone survey of individuals aged ≥40 years and of Chinese ethnicity was conducted. The survey included basic demographics, medical and health history, drinking habits, International Prostate Symptom Score, overactive bladder symptom score, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score, and Short Form (SF)-12v2 score. RESULTS From March to May 2017, 18 881 calls were made, of which 1543 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the end, 1000 successful respondents were recruited (302 men and 698 women). Age-adjusted prevalence of overactive bladder syndrome was 15.1%. The older the respondent, the more prevalent the storage symptoms and voiding symptoms (storage symptoms: r=0.434, P<0.001; voiding symptom: r=0.190, P<0.001). Presence of hypertension and diabetes were found to be significantly and positively correlated with storage and voiding symptoms. Storage and voiding symptoms were found to affect PHQ-9 scores (storage symptoms: r=0.257, P<0.001; voiding symptoms: r=0.275, P<0.001) and SF-12v2 scores (storage symptoms: r=0.467, P<0.001; voiding symptoms: r=0.335; P<0.001). Nocturia was the most prominent symptom among patients who sought medical help for their LUTS. CONCLUSIONS Lower urinary tract symptoms are common in Asian populations. Both storage and voiding symptoms have a negative impact on mental health and general well-being of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yee
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J Y C Teoh
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - P K F Chiu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J H M Wong
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - E S Y Chan
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - S S M Hou
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C F Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Reed MJ, Damodarasamy M, Pathan JL, Chan CK, Spiekerman C, Wight TN, Banks WA, Day AJ, Vernon RB, Keene CD. Increased Hyaluronan and TSG-6 in Association with Neuropathologic Changes of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:91-102. [PMID: 30507579 PMCID: PMC6398602 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the extracellular matrix (ECM) during progression of AD pathology. Brain ECM is abundant in hyaluronan (HA), a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesized by HA synthases (HAS) 1-3 in a high molecular weight (MW) form that is degraded into lower MW fragments. We hypothesized that pathologic severity of AD is associated with increases in HA and HA-associated ECM molecules. To test this hypothesis, we assessed HA accumulation and size; HA synthases (HAS) 1-3; and the HA-stabilizing hyaladherin, TSG-6 in parietal cortex samples from autopsied research subjects with not AD (CERAD = 0, Braak = 0- II, n = 12-21), intermediate AD (CERAD = 2, Braak = III-IV, n = 13-18), and high AD (CERAD = 3, Braak = V-VI, n = 32-40) neuropathologic change. By histochemistry, HA was associated with deposits of amyloid and tau, and was also found diffusely in brain parenchyma, with overall HA quantity (measured by ELSA) significantly greater in brains with high AD neuropathology. Mean HA MW was similar among the samples. HAS2 and TSG-6 mRNA expression, and TSG-6 protein levels were significantly increased in high AD and both molecules were present in vasculature, NeuN-positive neurons, and Iba1-positive microglia. These results did not change when accounting for gender, advanced age (≥ 90 years versus <90 years), or the clinical diagnosis of dementia. Collectively, our results indicate a positive correlation between HA accumulation and AD neuropathology, and suggest a possible role for HA synthesis and metabolism in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Reed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Damodarasamy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - JL Pathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - CK Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Spiekerman
- Center for Biomedical Statistics, Institute for Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - TN Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - WA Banks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - AJ Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - RB Vernon
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - CD Keene
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Reeves SR, Kang I, Chan CK, Barrow KA, Kolstad TK, White MP, Ziegler SF, Wight TN, Debley JS. Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells promote the establishment of a Hyaluronan-enriched, leukocyte-adhesive extracellular matrix by lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2018; 19:146. [PMID: 30071849 PMCID: PMC6090698 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma. Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) hyaluronan (HA) content have been shown to modulate the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) regulate the activity of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs); however, their contribution in regulating HLF production of HA in asthma is unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BECs from asthmatic children promote the generation of a pro-inflammatory, HA-enriched ECM by HLFs, which promotes the retention of leukocytes. Methods BECs were obtained from well-characterized asthmatic and healthy children ages 6–18 years. HLFs were co-cultured with BECs for 96 h and samples were harvested for analysis of gene expression, synthesis and accumulation of HA, and subjected to a leukocyte adhesion assay with U937 monocytes. Results We observed increased expression of HA synthases HAS2 and HAS3 in HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated greater total accumulation and increased synthesis of HA by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs compared to healthy BEC/HLF co-cultures. ECM generated by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs displayed increased HA-dependent adhesion of leukocytes in a separate in vitro binding assay. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that BEC regulation of HA production by HLFs is altered in asthma, which may in turn promote the establishment of a more leukocyte-permissive ECM promoting airway inflammation in this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. .,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessa K Kolstad
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Leung EC, Leung CC, Chang KC, Chan CK, Mok TY, Chan KS, Lau KS, Chau CH, Yee WK, Law WS, Lee SN, Au KF, Tai LB, Leung WM. Delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis: risk factors and effect on mortality among older adults in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2018; 24:361-368. [PMID: 30065120 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj177081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the risk factors and effects of delayed diagnosis on tuberculosis (TB) mortality in Hong Kong. METHODS All consecutive patients with TB notified in 2010 were tracked through their clinical records for treatment outcome until 2012. All TB cases notified or confirmed after death were identified for a mortality survey on the timing and causes of death. RESULTS Of 5092 TB cases notified, 1061 (20.9%) died within 2 years of notification; 211 (4.1%) patients died before notification, 683 (13.4%) died within the first year, and 167 (3.3%) died within the second year after notification. Among the 211 cases with TB notified after death, only 30 were certified to have died from TB. However, 52 (24.6%) died from unspecified pneumonia/sepsis possibly related to pulmonary TB. If these cases are counted, the total TB-related deaths increases from 191 to 243. In 82 (33.7%) of these, TB was notified after death. Over 60% of cases in which TB diagnosed after death involved patients aged ≥80 years and a similar proportion had an advance care directive against resuscitation or investigation. Independent factors for TB notified after death included female sex, living in an old age home, drug abuse, malignancy other than lung cancer, sputum TB smear negative, sputum TB culture positive, and chest X-ray not done. CONCLUSIONS High mortality was observed among patients with TB aged ≥80 years. Increased vigilance is warranted to avoid delayed diagnosis and reduce the transmission risk, especially among elderly patients with co-morbidities living in old age homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - C C Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chang
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - T Y Mok
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Kowloon Hospital, Homantin, Hong Kong
| | - K S Chan
- Pulmonary Service, Department of Medicine, Haven of Hope Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - K S Lau
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruttonjee Hospital, Wanchai, Hong Kong
| | - C H Chau
- Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong
| | - W K Yee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W S Law
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - S N Lee
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - K F Au
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - L B Tai
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - W M Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Purpose To describe the unusual complication of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear after intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis®) for subfoveal fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and its effective management. Methods Chart review for case report of RPE tear after ranibizumab. Results An inferior RPE tear was documented by fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) 1 month after receiving repeat ranibizumab injection in the right eye of a patient with bilateral subfoveal fibrovascular PED. He had undergone multiple bevacizumab followed by ranibizumab injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both eyes, starting 6 months previously. Subsequent antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy improved vision of right eye from 20/200 to 20/40, despite RPE tear. Conclusions RPE tear may form after anti-VEGF therapy, including ranibizumab injection. Further anti-VEGF therapy may preserve or improve vision. To the authors' knowledge, this is first case report of effective suppression of neovascular activity with bevacizumab after an RPE tear following ranibizumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Chan
- Southern California Desert Retina Consultants, Palm Springs, CA 92263, USA.
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Chan CK, Chan YC, Lau FL. A Case of Methanol Poisoning. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490790701400206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old male took about 300 ml industrial alcohol in a suicidal attempt. The industrial alcohol was later confirmed to be methanol. He presented to the emergency department 10 hours post-ingestion with an anion gap metabolic acidosis and an osmol gap of 76.7 mOsm/kg. Ethanol infusion was started in the emergency department at 11 hours post-ingestion before the availability of serum methanol level. The clinical diagnosis of toxic alcohol ingestion was based on the history, arterial blood gases results and the presence of a significant osmol gap. The patient was then admitted to the intensive care unit for ethanol therapy and haemodialysis. Prompt initiation of ethanol therapy and the subsequent intensive care prevented the development of life-threatening complications of methanol poisoning in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - FL Lau
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Choi KM, Chan CK, Lau FL. Toxicology Training Unit in Emergency Department Reduces Admission to other Specialties and Hospital Length of Stay. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791602300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the outcome of intoxicated patients presented to Accident and Emergency Department (AED) in Hong Kong with Toxicology Training Unit accreditation and AED without toxicology team. Method A retrospective observational study with data collection from all intoxicated cases reported through Pre-hospital Activated Charcoal Programme, a protocol driven poisoning reporting system, from 1/7/2011 to 30/6/2013 (2 years). Data on basic demographic data (e.g. sex, age), receiving AED, admission rate to other specialty, length of stay in hospital exclude psychiatry ward admission and clinical outcome were collected and analysed. Five AEDs with Toxicology Training Unit (study group) and 7 AEDs without toxicology team (control group) were included. Results A total of 329 intoxicated cases were included in this study. The basic epidemiological data were similar in both groups. There was a significantly lower in hospital admissions in study group (16.9%) than in control group (69.3%; p<0.001) and significant shorter median of hospital stay of 22.1 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 12.8-43.5 hours) in study group compare to 42.7 hours (IQR 20.4-76.1 hours) in control group (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings show that the establishment of the toxicology training unit can achieve significant reduction in admissions to other specialty and the length of stay in hospital in the management of patients with acute intoxication.
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Abstract
Objective Hot water immersion (HWI) has been proven to be effective for the treatment of pain due to marine envenomation. Our preliminary study by simply measuring the temperature change over time on the hot water in our conventional metal tray method revealed a too rapid fall in water temperature that happened in minutes. The aim of this study was to review the current practice of HWI for patients with marine envenomation in the emergency departments in Hong Kong, and to look for the optimal equipment in performing HWI. Method We first conducted a phone survey to 16 registered nurses or nursing officers from 16 emergency departments of public hospitals in Hong Kong for the current practice of hot water immersion. The second part of our study was an in-vitro experiment done in observation room that a healthy subject immersed a hand into the water bath in metallic tray, sharp box and thermal isolator with and without covering of aluminum foil or plastic foil. The temperature change of the water bath in these containers was serially monitored. Results In our phone survey, 14 respondents used plastic tray or sharp box for hot water immersion. Nine of them claimed that they commonly encountered inadequate wound pain relief and early cooling of the hot water bath. The experiment showed that the water temperature dropped out of optimal range for 5 minutes and 15 minutes in metallic tray and sharp box respectively. The thermal isolator kept the optimal temperature throughout 30 minutes of the study time. Conclusion Our purposed thermal isolator is a safe, practical and effective device for HWI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - CK Chan
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, K3A, 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - ML Tse
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, K3A, 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - FL Lau
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, K3A, 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Ho LY, Chan CK, Chu PS. Patient opinion of lower urinary tract symptoms and their treatment: a cross-sectional survey in Hong Kong public urology clinics. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:562-9. [PMID: 29026056 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj166102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower urinary tract symptoms collectively represent a common condition among ageing men. There are, however, limited data on the frequency of individual symptoms in patients who seek specialist care. We conducted a multinational survey in South-East Asia to evaluate patients' self-reported prevalence, bother, treatment, and treatment satisfaction of four lower urinary tract symptoms namely, urgency, nocturia, slow stream, and post-micturition dribble. This report presents the analysis of the Hong Kong subpopulation. METHODS This cross-sectional survey involved adult men aged over 18 years who attended a urology out-patient clinic because of lower urinary tract symptoms. A structured questionnaire, translated and validated in the local languages, was self-administered by patients. RESULTS Of 1436 respondents surveyed in the region, 225 were from Hong Kong of whom most were aged 56 to 75 years, retired, and had no history of any previous prostate surgery. Overall, the self-reported prevalence of nocturia of at least one void per night was 93% (95% confidence interval, 90%-97%), slow stream 76% (71%-82%), post-micturition dribble 70% (64%-76%), and urgency 50% (43%-56%). Symptoms for which most respondents reported "some" or "a lot" of bother included: nocturia, defined as at least two voids per night (77%), and urgency and post-micturition dribble (73%). Only 39% to 54% of patients had previously received treatment but were not entirely satisfied with it. An understanding of their condition remained suboptimal. CONCLUSIONS In Hong Kong, nocturia emerged as the most prevalent and one of the most bothersome symptoms among men who sought urologist care for lower urinary tract symptoms. Compared with the non-Hong Kong population, Hong Kong respondents tended to be highly symptomatic and bothered. They were, however, less likely to have received treatment and were generally less satisfied with previous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - P Sk Chu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
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Ma KW, Chok KS, Chan CK, Dai WC, Sin SL, Lau FL, Chan SC, Lo CM. Liver transplantation: a life-saving procedure following amatoxin mushroom poisoning. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:93-6. [PMID: 28184019 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj154616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K W Ma
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - K Sh Chok
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - W C Dai
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - S L Sin
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - F L Lau
- Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - S C Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C M Lo
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Chan CK, Timothy GF, Yeow CH. Comparison of mean frequency and median frequency in evaluating muscle fiber type selection in varying gait speed across healthy young adult individuals. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:1725-1728. [PMID: 28268659 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The preferential slow and fast twitches fiber involvement in varying gait speed has not been thoroughly investigated. Attempt to classify fiber type in changing speed should be closely investigated and scrutinized as the histochemical-related experiments are cumbersome and time consuming. In addressing this issue, electromyography (EMG) is utilized to extract the muscle fiber type features by altering the muscle fatigue indices, namely mean frequency (MNF) and median frequency (MDF). Recently, there are no universal indices to determine the muscle type. In this paper, the MNF and MDF are employed in discovering the muscle type variation as the speed changes. Besides drawing the potential of MNF and MDF in unveiling the muscle type, both the parameters are applied to investigate the muscles that are recruited and which muscle type are involved as the gait velocity changes. In this study, six healthy and young participants are recruited, whereby the EMG sensors are placed on twelve lower extremity muscles. The EMG signals are then processed via Matlab software to deduce MNF and MDF. The MNF and MDF are determined from every of the phase gait, namely stance and swing. From the results obtained, it reveals that the superiority of the MNF over the MDF in determining and interpreting the muscle recruitment in both gait phases as the speed increases. The MNF, moreover, is able to show an apparent difference in muscle type selection compared to MDF. Interestingly, it is discovered that as the speed increases from slow to fast, the MNF decreases, which indicates that more muscle fiber type I is recruited. Contrarily, the MNF increases as the speed intensity decreases, which indicates that the distribution of muscle type II is prominent.
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Gaucherand L, Falk BA, Evanko SP, Workman G, Chan CK, Wight TN. Cover Image, Volume 118, Number 8, August 2017. J Cell Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Gaucherand
- Matrix Biology Program; Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle Washington
| | - Ben A. Falk
- Matrix Biology Program; Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle Washington
| | - Stephen P. Evanko
- Matrix Biology Program; Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle Washington
| | - Gail Workman
- Matrix Biology Program; Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle Washington
| | - Christina K. Chan
- Matrix Biology Program; Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle Washington
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program; Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle Washington
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Abstract
Probing a bullfrog retina with spatially uniform light pulses of correlated stochastic intervals, we calculate the mutual information between the spiking output at the ganglion cells measured with multi-electrode array (MEA) and the interval of the stimulus at a time shift later. The time-integrated information from the output about the future stimulus is maximized when the mean interval of the stimulus is within the dynamic range of the well-established anticipative phenomena of omitted-stimulus responses for the retina. The peak position of the mutual information as a function of the time shift is typically negative considering the processing delay of the retina. However, the peak position can become positive for long enough correlation time of the stimulus when the pulse intervals are generated by a Hidden Markovian model (HMM). This is indicative of a predictive behavior of the retina which is possible only when the hidden variable of the HMM can be recovered from the history of the stimulus for a prediction of its future. We verify that stochastic intervals of the same mean, variance, and correlation time do not result in the same predictive behavior of the retina when they are generated by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, which is strictly Markovian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sean Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | - C K Chan
- Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central UniversityChungli, Taiwan
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Ng CF, Yee CH, Chan CK, Wong HM, Chiu PK, Tsu JH, Teoh JY, Ho KL. Bipolar transurethral vapourisation versus monopolar transurethral resection of prostate: a randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23 Suppl 2:32-34. [PMID: 29938669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C F Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C H Yee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C K Chan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - H M Wong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - P Kf Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - J Hl Tsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J Yc Teoh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K L Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong
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Reed MJ, Vernon RB, Damodarasamy M, Chan CK, Wight TN, Bentov I, Banks WA. Microvasculature of the Mouse Cerebral Cortex Exhibits Increased Accumulation and Synthesis of Hyaluronan With Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:740-746. [PMID: 28482035 PMCID: PMC6075594 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The microvasculature of the aged brain is less dense and more vulnerable to dysfunction than that of the young brain. Brain microvasculature is supported by its surrounding extracellular matrix, which is comprised largely of hyaluronan (HA). HA is continually degraded into lower molecular weight forms that induce neuroinflammation. We examined HA associated with microvessels (MV) of the cerebral cortex of young (4 months), middle-aged (14 months), and aged (24-26 months) mice. We confirmed that the density of cortical MV decreased with age. Perivascular HA levels increased with age, but there was no age-associated change in HA molecular weight profile. MV isolated from aged cortex had more HA than MV from young cortex. Examination of mechanisms that might account for elevated HA levels with aging showed increased HA synthase 2 (HAS2) mRNA and protein in aged MV relative to young MV. In contrast, mRNAs for HA-degrading hyaluronidases or hyaladherins that mitigate HA degradation showed no changes with age. Corresponding to increased HAS2, aged MV synthesized significantly more HA (of all molecular weight classes) in vitro than young MV. We propose that increased HA synthesis and accumulation in brain MV contributes to neuroinflammation and reduced MV density and function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- May J Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Robert B Vernon
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Itay Bentov
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - William A Banks
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, Washington
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Yu IT, Li AM, Goggins W, Leung JO, Chan GY, Fung CK, Chan CK, Lau AP. Association of wheeze during the first 18 months of life with indoor nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and family history of asthma: a prospective cohort study. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23 Suppl 2:19-23. [PMID: 29938666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Ts Yu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - A M Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - G Ys Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | | | - C K Chan
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - A Ps Lau
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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Gaucherand L, Falk BA, Evanko SP, Workman G, Chan CK, Wight TN. Crosstalk Between T Lymphocytes and Lung Fibroblasts: Generation of a Hyaluronan-Enriched Extracellular Matrix Adhesive for Monocytes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2118-2130. [PMID: 27982477 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In immunity and inflammation, T cells are often associated with stromal mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts. Hyaluronan and proteins that associate with hyaluronan such as versican and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene-6 (TSG-6) are extracellular matrix (ECM) components that promote leukocyte adhesion, accumulation, and activation. However, the factors responsible for producing this specialized ECM and its impact on inflammatory events are not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of T cells in stimulating lung fibroblasts to produce an ECM that impacts monocyte adhesion. We found that CD3/CD28-activated human CD4+ T cells when co-cultured with human lung fibroblasts stimulated the expression of mRNA for hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and decreased the expression of hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2). This led to an increase in the deposition of hyaluronan that formed cable-like structures within the ECM. Co-culturing activated T cells with fibroblasts also led to increased expression and accumulation of TSG-6. Surprisingly, addition of activated CD4+ T cells to the fibroblasts reduced the expression of mRNA for versican, and increased the expression of enzymes that degrade versican, such as ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS9 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type-1 motif) leading to a decrease in versican in the ECM of the co-cultures. Furthermore, addition of human monocytes to these co-cultures resulted in elevated monocyte adhesion to the cable-like structures in the ECM when compared to controls. These results illustrate the importance of crosstalk between T cells and fibroblasts in promoting the generation of a matrix that is adhesive for monocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2118-2130, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Gaucherand
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen P Evanko
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gail Workman
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Park KS, Chan CK, Lee GW, Ahn HW, Yoon TR. Outcome of alternative approach to displaced acetabular fractures. Injury 2017; 48:388-393. [PMID: 27914663 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anatomical reduction of displaced acetabular fracture is not without its' limitations and complications. This study is conducted to assess clinical and radiological outcomes as well as complications of treating displaced acetabular fractures with emphasis on anatomical reduction in weight-bearing area, mainly the posterior column, and imperfect reduction of the anterior column is acceptable. However, stability of both columns is mandatory. METHODS It was a retrospective study carried out in a Level 1 arthroplasty and trauma centre. 23 patients (17 males, 6 females) with average age of 50.1 years (range, 36-68 years) with displaced acetabular fracture treated with combined incisions and plate-cable systems were included. There were 3 elementary and 18 associated fractures according to Letournel classification. Average follow-up was 23.5 months (range, 12-38.7 months). Mean operation time was 160min (range: 75-320min). Functional scores were evaluated using Harris Hip Score (HHS) whilst reduction was assessed by Matta criteria. Any displacement of reduction, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, and other complications was recorded. RESULT 65.2% (15/23) of the patients obtained excellent HHS and 21.7% (5/23) had good HHS. There were 12 anatomical, 6 imperfect, and 5 poor reductions. No displacement was recorded in final follow-up. Complications documented: three lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injuries, two conversions to total hip arthroplasty, three Brooker stage 1 heterotrophic ossification, one pulmonary embolism and one screw irritation. No incidence of wound breakdown, infection and radiological osteoarthritis was reported. CONCLUSIONS Imperfect reduction of the anterior column provided clinical outcomes that are as good as total anatomical reduction. This approach minimizes soft tissue damage and reduces perioperative morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Park
- Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 160, Ilsim-Ri, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeonnam, 519-809, South Korea
| | - C K Chan
- Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 160, Ilsim-Ri, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeonnam, 519-809, South Korea; NOCERAL, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G W Lee
- Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 160, Ilsim-Ri, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeonnam, 519-809, South Korea
| | - H W Ahn
- Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 160, Ilsim-Ri, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeonnam, 519-809, South Korea
| | - T R Yoon
- Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 160, Ilsim-Ri, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeonnam, 519-809, South Korea.
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Huang CH, Huang YT, Chen CC, Chan CK. Propagation and synchronization of reverberatory bursts in developing cultured networks. J Comput Neurosci 2016; 42:177-185. [PMID: 27942935 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-016-0634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing networks of neural systems can exhibit spontaneous, synchronous activities called neural bursts, which can be important in the organization of functional neural circuits. Before the network matures, the activity level of a burst can reverberate in repeated rise-and-falls in periods of hundreds of milliseconds following an initial wave-like propagation of spiking activity, while the burst itself lasts for seconds. To investigate the spatiotemporal structure of the reverberatory bursts, we culture dissociated, rat cortical neurons on a high-density multi-electrode array to record the dynamics of neural activity over the growth and maturation of the network. We find the synchrony of the spiking significantly reduced following the initial wave and the activities become broadly distributed spatially. The synchrony recovers as the system reverberates until the end of the burst. Using a propagation model we infer the spreading speed of the spiking activity, which increases as the culture ages. We perform computer simulations of the system using a physiological model of spiking networks in two spatial dimensions and find the parameters that reproduce the observed resynchronization of spiking in the bursts. An analysis of the simulated dynamics suggests that the depletion of synaptic resources causes the resynchronization. The spatial propagation dynamics of the simulations match well with observations over the course of a burst and point to an interplay of the synaptic efficacy and the noisy neural self-activation in producing the morphology of the bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsu Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, 115, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, 115, Republic of China.,Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan, 320, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chung Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, 115, Republic of China.
| | - C K Chan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, 115, Republic of China.,Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan, 320, Republic of China
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