1
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Guillon CD, Jan YH, Foster N, Ressner J, Heck DE, Laskin JD, Heindel ND. Synthetically modified methoxsalen for enhanced cytotoxicity in light and dark reactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:619-622. [PMID: 30638875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Linear furocoumarins, also known as psoralens, are clinically useful photo-activated pharmaceuticals employed to address hyperproliferative skin diseases. Seven diverse cytotoxic pharmacophores have been synthetically attached to 8-methoxypsoralen via a 5-amino functionality. The resulting unique set of compounds was evaluated for dark and light toxicity against PAM212 keratinocytes in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Natalie Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
| | - Joel Ressner
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ned D Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
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2
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Guillon CD, Jan YH, Foster N, Choudhuri M, Saxena J, Mariano TM, Heck DE, Laskin JD, Heindel ND. SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ETHERS OF METHOXSALEN FOR PROLIFERATIVE SKIN DISORDERS. Heterocycl Lett 2018; 8:729-736. [PMID: 33575202 PMCID: PMC7875182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural product 8-methoxypsoralen (methoxsalen or 8-MOP) in combination with long wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA, 320-400 nm), also referred to as PUVA therapy, is used for the treatment of cutaneous proliferative disorders including psoriasis, vitiligo and mycosis fungoides. The use of 8-MOP (3) is limited by its poor water solubility and there remains a need to develop more water-soluble psoralens to enhance bioavailability following oral administration of the drug. In the present studies a water-soluble dimethylaminoethyl ether analog of 8-MOP was synthesized and analyzed for biological activity. This analog, (8-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]-psoralen hydrochloride (1) [or CAS name: 9-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, hydrochloride], was found to be significantly more active than 3 in keratinocyte growth inhibition assays (IC50 = 12 nM and 130 nM for 1 and 3, respectively). The partially reduced dihydro derivative of 1, 8-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]-4',5'-dihydropsoralen hydrochloride (2) [or CAS name: 9-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-2,3-dihydro-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, hydrochloride] and the partially reduced 4',5'-dihydro-8-methoxypsoralen (4) lacking the water-solubilizing side-chain were significantly less active. As inhibitors of keratinocyte growth they ranked as IC50 = 13,000 nM and 70,000 nM for 2 and 4, respectively, indicating that an unsaturated furan ring in the psoralen was required for maximal activity. Compound (1) was found to readily intercalate and damage DNA following UVA light treatment as determined by plasmid DNA nicking and unwinding experiments in neutral and alkaline agarose gels. Taken together, these data demonstrate that a water-soluble dimethylaminoethyl ether psoralen targets DNA, is highly active as a photosensitizer, and may be useful in the treatment of skin diseases involving abnormal keratinocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Natalie Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015 USA
| | - Mridula Choudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015 USA
| | - Jaya Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015 USA
| | - Thomas M. Mariano
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Diane E. Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Ned D. Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015 USA
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3
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Laskin JD, Jan YH, Jetter MM, Guillon CD, Mariano TM, Heck DE, Heindel ND. Identification of a Pyranocoumarin Photosensitizer that is a Potent Inhibitor of Keratinocyte Growth. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:577-582. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Laskin
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute; Rutgers University School of Public Health; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute; Rutgers University School of Public Health; Piscataway NJ USA
| | | | | | - Thomas M. Mariano
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute; Rutgers University School of Public Health; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Diane E. Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
| | - Ned D. Heindel
- Department of Chemistry; Lehigh University; Bethlehem PA USA
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4
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Joseph LB, Composto GM, Perez RM, Kim HD, Casillas RP, Heindel ND, Young SC, Lacey CJ, Saxena J, Guillon CD, Croutch CR, Laskin JD, Heck DE. Sulfur mustard induced mast cell degranulation in mouse skin is inhibited by a novel anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic bifunctional prodrug. Toxicol Lett 2017; 293:77-81. [PMID: 29127031 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM, bis(2-chloroethyl sulfide) is a potent vesicating agent known to cause skin inflammation, necrosis and blistering. Evidence suggests that inflammatory cells and mediators that they generate are important in the pathogenic responses to SM. In the present studies we investigated the role of mast cells in SM-induced skin injury using a murine vapor cup exposure model. Mast cells, identified by toluidine blue staining, were localized in the dermis, adjacent to dermal appendages and at the dermal/epidermal junction. In control mice, 48-61% of mast cells were degranulated. SM exposure (1.4g/m3 in air for 6min) resulted in increased numbers of degranulated mast cells 1-14days post-exposure. Treatment of mice topically with an indomethacin choline bioisostere containing prodrug linked by an aromatic ester-carbonate that targets cyclooxygenases (COX) enzymes and acetylcholinesterase (1% in an ointment) 1-14days after SM reduced skin inflammation and injury and enhanced tissue repair. This was associated with a decrease in mast cell degranulation from 90% to 49% 1-3days post SM, and from 84% to 44% 7-14days post SM. These data suggest that reduced inflammation and injury in response to the bifunctional indomethacin prodrug may be due, at least in part, to abrogating mast cell degranulation. The use of inhibitors of mast cell degranulation may be an effective strategy for mitigating skin injury induced by SM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong-Duck Kim
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaya Saxena
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Diane E Heck
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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5
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Wohlman IM, Composto GM, Heck DE, Heindel ND, Lacey CJ, Guillon CD, Casillas RP, Croutch CR, Gerecke DR, Laskin DL, Joseph LB, Laskin JD. Mustard vesicants alter expression of the endocannabinoid system in mouse skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 303:30-44. [PMID: 27125198 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vesicants including sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) are bifunctional alkylating agents that cause skin inflammation, edema and blistering. This is associated with alterations in keratinocyte growth and differentiation. Endogenous cannabinoids, including N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), are important in regulating inflammation, keratinocyte proliferation and wound healing. Their activity is mediated by binding to cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Levels of endocannabinoids are regulated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We found that CB1, CB2, PPARα and FAAH were all constitutively expressed in mouse epidermis and dermal appendages. Topical administration of NM or SM, at concentrations that induce tissue injury, resulted in upregulation of FAAH, CB1, CB2 and PPARα, a response that persisted throughout the wound healing process. Inhibitors of FAAH including a novel class of vanillyl alcohol carbamates were found to be highly effective in suppressing vesicant-induced inflammation in mouse skin. Taken together, these data indicate that the endocannabinoid system is important in regulating skin homeostasis and that inhibitors of FAAH may be useful as medical countermeasures against vesicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Wohlman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Gabriella M Composto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Diane E Heck
- Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Ned D Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - C Jeffrey Lacey
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Donald R Gerecke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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6
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Guillon CD, Wisnoski DD, Saxena J, Heindel ND, Heck DE, Wolff DJ, Laskin JD. Nω-NITRO- Nω'-SUBSTITUTED GUANIDINES: A SIMPLE CLASS OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS. Mod Res Inflamm 2014; 3:48-58. [PMID: 25360396 DOI: 10.4236/mri.2014.32006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of Nω-nitro-Nω'-substituted guanidines has been prepared as potential inhibitors of the human Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) isoforms. The reported utility of aminoguanidine and nitroarginine in iNOS inhibition points to a potential similar utility for analogs of nitro-guanidine. The compound library was tested against the three isoforms of Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS, iNOS and nNOS). Several candidates showed excellent activity and good selectivity for nNOS. One particular compound even demonstrated good selectivity for iNOS. The potential usefulness of such selective inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe D Guillon
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - David D Wisnoski
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Jaya Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Ned D Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Donald J Wolff
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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7
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Fabio KM, Guillon CD, Lu SF, Heindel ND, Brownstein MJ, Lacey CJ, Garippa C, Simon NG. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of SRX246: A Potent and Selective Vasopressin 1a Antagonist. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2033-2043. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Young SC, Fabio KM, Huang MT, Saxena J, Harman MP, Guillon CD, Vetrano AM, Heck DE, Flowers RA, Heindel ND, Laskin JD. Investigation of anticholinergic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prodrugs which reduce chemically induced skin inflammation. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:135-41. [PMID: 21319177 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of a continuous effort to develop efficient counter measures against sulfur mustard injuries, several unique NSAID prodrugs have been developed and screened for anti-inflammatory properties. Presented herein are three classes of prodrugs which dually target inflammation and cholinergic dysfunction. Compounds 1-28 contain common NSAIDs linked either to choline bioisosteres or to structural analogs of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. These agents have shown utility as anti-vesicants and anti-inflammatory agents when screened in a mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM) against both 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a blistering agent, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a common topical irritant. Many of the prodrugs have activity against CEES, with 5, 18, 22 and 27 reducing inflammation by more than 75% compared with a control. Compounds 12, 13, 15 and 22 show comparable activity against TPA. Promising activity in the MEVM is related to half-lives of NSAID release in plasma, moderate to high lipophilicity, and some degree of inhibition of AChE, a potential contributor to sulfur mustard-mediated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri C Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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9
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Guillon CD, Koppel GA, Brownstein MJ, Chaney MO, Ferris CF, Lu SF, Fabio KM, Miller MJ, Heindel ND, Hunden DC, Cooper RDG, Kaldor SW, Skelton JJ, Dressman BA, Clay MP, Steinberg MI, Bruns RF, Simon NG. Azetidinones as vasopressin V1a antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:2054-80. [PMID: 17234419 PMCID: PMC2067992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The azetidinone LY307174 (1) was identified as a screening lead for the vasopressin V1a receptor (IC50 45 nM at the human V1a receptor) based on molecular similarity to ketoconazole (2), a known antagonist of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor. Structure-activity relationships for the series were explored to optimize receptor affinity and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in compounds with Ki values <1nM and brain levels after oral dosing approximately 100-fold higher than receptor affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe D Guillon
- Department of Chemistry, 6 East Packer Avenue, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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10
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Ferris CF, Lu SF, Messenger T, Guillon CD, Heindel N, Miller M, Koppel G, Robert Bruns F, Simon NG. Orally active vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist, SRX251, selectively blocks aggressive behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006; 83:169-74. [PMID: 16504276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin functions as a neurochemical signal in the brain to affect social behavior. There is an expanding literature from animal and human studies showing that vasopressin, through the vasopressin 1A receptor (V1A), can stimulate aggressive behavior. Using a novel monocylic beta lactam platform, a series of orally active vasopressin V1a antagonists was developed with high affinity for the human receptor. SRX251 was chosen from this series of V1a antagonists to screen for effects on serenic activity in a resident-intruder model of offensive aggression. Resident, male Syrian golden hamsters were given oral doses of SRX251 or intraperitoneal Manning compound, a selective V1a receptor antagonist with reduced brain penetrance, at doses of 0.2 microg, 20 microg, 2 mg/kg or vehicle. When tested 90-120 min later, SRX251, but not Manning compound, caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in offensive aggression toward intruders as measured by latency to bite and number of bites. The reduction in aggression persisted for over 6 h and was no longer present 12 h post treatment. SRX251 did not alter the amount of time the resident investigated the intruder, olfactory communication, general motor activity, or sexual motivation. These data corroborate previous studies showing a role for vasopressin neurotransmission in aggression and suggest that V1a receptor antagonists may be used to treat interpersonal violence co-occurring with such illness as ADHD, autism, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F Ferris
- Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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11
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Mariano TM, Vetrano AM, Gentile SL, Heck DE, Whittemore MS, Guillon CD, Jabin I, Rapp RD, Heindel ND, Laskin JD. Cell-impermeant pyridinium derivatives of psoralens as inhibitors of keratinocyte growth. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:31-9. [PMID: 11754871 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psoralens such as 8-methoxypsoralen and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) are used in photochemotherapy for the treatment of a variety of epidermal proliferative diseases. Sequential treatments of the skin with psoralens plus ultraviolet light in the range of 320-400 nm (UVA light), referred to as PUVA therapy, results in the suppression of abnormal keratinocyte growth. With the recognition that the psoralens are phototoxic and carcinogenic, presumably due to their ability to intercalate into DNA and photo cross-link pyrimidine bases following UVA light activation, it is clear that the development of biologically active analogs lacking this activity would be of significant therapeutic benefit. Towards this goal we have characterized active 4'- and 5'-pyridinium derivatives of 4',5'-dihydro-TMP (H2TMP), a psoralen analog that does not form DNA cross-links. These analogs, which are charged at physiological pH and cannot penetrate cells, are unique in that they retain biological activity as inhibitors of keratinocyte cell growth when activated by UVA light. However, they do not appear to cross-link or damage DNA as determined by plasmid DNA unwinding and nicking experiments, in intact cells using fluorescent analysis of DNA unwinding assays, and by thymidine uptake studies. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting demonstrated that, unlike TMP and H2TMP, when activated by UVA light, the pyridinium derivatives were not inhibitors of transcription since interferon-gamma-inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and protein in the keratinocytes were unaffected. Taken together, our data suggest that uptake of the compounds by the cells and DNA cross-link formation are not required for growth inhibition. These findings further support the model that the cell membrane is an important target for the psoralens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Mariano
- Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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12
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Whittemore MS, Heindel ND, Guillon CD, McNeel TE, Rapp RD, Mariano TM, Heck DE, Laskin JD. SYNTHETIC APPROACHES TO 4,8-DIMETHYL-4'- ( N-PYRIDINIUMMETHYL)- 4',5'-DIHYDROPSORALENS AND THEIR ACTIVITY AGAINST PAM 212 KERATINOCYTES. HETEROCYCLES 2001; 55:1081-1093. [PMID: 38249660 PMCID: PMC10798262 DOI: 10.3987/com-01-9197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic approaches to novel 4,8-dimethyl-4'-halomethyl-4',5'-dihydropsoralens as synthetic precursors to 4,8-dimethyl-4'-(N-pyridiniummethyl)-4',5'-dihydropsoralens are described. The compounds are potential therapeutic agents for improved psoralen ultraviolet radiation therapy with reduced mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn S Whittemore
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, U. S. A
- Buckman Laboratories, 1256 North McLean Blvd., Memphis, TN 38108, U. S. A
| | - Ned D Heindel
- Buckman Laboratories, 1256 North McLean Blvd., Memphis, TN 38108, U. S. A
| | | | - Thomas E McNeel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, U. S. A
| | - Robert D Rapp
- Department of Chemistry, Albright College, P.O. Box 15234, Reading, PA 19612-5234, U. S. A
| | - Thomas M Mariano
- Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U. S. A
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U. S. A
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U. S. A
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