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Ferrini S, Rollo C, Bellino C, Borriello G, Cagnotti G, Corona C, Di Muro G, Giacobini M, Iulini B, D'Angelo A. A novel machine learning-based web application for field identification of infectious and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system in cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:766-773. [PMID: 36896810 PMCID: PMC10061175 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) infections in cattle are a major cause of economic loss and mortality. Machine learning (ML) techniques are gaining widespread application in solving predictive tasks in both human and veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVES Our primary aim was to develop and compare ML models that could predict the likelihood of a CNS disorder of infectious or inflammatory origin in neurologically-impaired cattle. Our secondary aim was to create a user-friendly web application based on the ML model for the diagnosis of infection and inflammation of the CNS. ANIMALS Ninety-eight cattle with CNS infection and 86 with CNS disorders of other origin. METHODS Retrospective observational study. Six different ML methods (logistic regression [LR]; support vector machine [SVM]; random forest [RF]; multilayer perceptron [MLP]; K-nearest neighbors [KNN]; gradient boosting [GB]) were compared for their ability to predict whether an infectious or inflammatory disease was present based on demographics, neurological examination findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. RESULTS All 6 methods had high prediction accuracy (≥80%). The accuracy of the LR model was significantly higher (0.843 ± 0.005; receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve 0.907 ± 0.005 ) than the other models and was selected for implementation in a web application. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Our findings support the use of ML algorithms as promising tools for veterinarians to improve diagnosis. The open-access web application may aid clinicians in achieving correct diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory neurological disorders in livestock, with the added benefit of promoting appropriate use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Cesare Rollo
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'AostaTurinItaly
| | - Giorgia Di Muro
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Mario Giacobini
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'AostaTurinItaly
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Borriello G, Valentini F, Rampinelli M, Ferrini S, Cagnotti G, D’angelo A, Bellino C. Ocular Ultrasonography in Healthy Calves with Different Transducers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040742. [PMID: 36830528 PMCID: PMC9952285 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular ultrasonography is seldom performed in cattle. Here, we compared three ultrasound probes (linear, convex, transrectal gynecological) for the measurement of eight eye biometry parameters on vertical and horizontal scans. The sample population was 20 healthy calves (n = 10 Holstein, n = 10 Piedmontese breed). Intragroup (same probe for vertical vs. horizontal scanning) and intergroup (different probes measuring the same biometric parameter) comparisons were performed using Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Intragroup comparison revealed few significant differences. Ultrasound examination with the convex transducer detected more differences than either of the two other probes on vertical (linear six out of eight; transrectal gynecological four out of eight) and horizontal (linear six out of eight; transrectal gynecological six out of eight) scans. Similar results were obtained for both breeds. More non-valuable parameters on the horizontal (77 out of 320, 24%) and the vertical (85 out of 320, 26%) (p ≤ 0.001) scans were obtained with the convex transducer. Both linear transducers were found comparable for ocular ultrasonography in field conditions. However, given its widespread application in the field, the transrectal gynecological transducer may offer veterinarians the added advantage of familiarity and ease-of-use without any additional costs.
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Cagnotti G, Ferrini S, Muro GD, Borriello G, Corona C, Manassero L, Avilii E, Bellino C, D'Angelo A. Constant rate infusion of diazepam or propofol for the management of canine cluster seizures or status epilepticus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1005948. [PMID: 36467660 PMCID: PMC9713018 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cluster seizures (CS) and status epilepticus (SE) in dogs are severe neurological emergencies that require immediate treatment. Practical guidelines call for constant rate infusion (CRI) of benzodiazepines or propofol (PPF) in patients with seizures not responding to first-line treatment, but to date only few studies have investigated the use of CRI in dogs with epilepsy. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. METHODS Dogs that received CRI of diazepam (DZP) or PPF for antiepileptic treatment during hospitalization at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Turin for CS or SE between September 2016 and December 2019 were eligible for inclusion. Favorable outcome was defined as cessation of clinically visible seizure activity within few minutes from the initiation of the CRI, no seizure recurrence within 24 h after discontinuation of CRI through to hospital discharge, and clinical recovery. Poor outcome was defined as recurrence of seizure activity despite treatment or death in hospital because of recurrent seizures, catastrophic consequences of prolonged seizures or no return to an acceptable neurological and clinical baseline, despite apparent control of seizure activity. Comparisons between the number of patients with favorable outcome and those with poor outcome in relation to type of CRI, seizure etiology, reason for presentation (CS or SE), sex, previous AED therapy and dose of PPF CRI were carried out. RESULTS A total of 37 dogs, with 50 instances of hospitalization and CRI administered for CS or SE were included in the study. CRI of diazepam (DZP) or PPF was administered in 29/50 (58%) and in 21/50 (42%) instances of hospitalization, respectively. Idiopathic epilepsy was diagnosed in 21/37 (57%), (13/21 tier I and 8/21 tier II); structural epilepsy was diagnosed in 6/37 (16%) of which 4/6 confirmed and 2/6 suspected. A metabolic or toxic cause of seizure activity was recorded in 7/37 (19%). A total of 38/50 (76%) hospitalizations were noted for CS and 12/50 (24%) for SE. In 30/50 (60%) instances of hospitalization, the patient responded well to CRI with cessation of seizure activity, no recurrence in the 24 h after discontinuation of CRI through to hospital discharge, whereas a poor outcome was recorded for 20/50 (40%) cases (DZP CRI in 12/50 and PPF CRI in 8/50). Comparison between the number of patients with favorable outcome and those with poor outcome in relation to type of CRI, seizure etiology, reason for presentation (CS or SE), sex and previous AED therapy was carried out but no statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to document administration of CRI of DZP or PPF in a large sample of dogs with epilepsy. The medications appeared to be tolerated without major side effects and helped control seizure activity in most patients regardless of seizure etiology. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of CRI duration on outcome and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Muro
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Manassero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Avilii
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Ferrini S, Grego E, Ala U, Cagnotti G, Valentini F, Di Muro G, Iulini B, Stella MC, Bellino C, D'Angelo A. Feasibility of 16S rRNA sequencing for cerebrospinal fluid microbiome analysis in cattle with neurological disorders: a pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:373-383. [PMID: 35759164 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in cattle requires prompt and adequate antimicrobial treatment. The current gold standard for antemortem etiological diagnosis is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, which often yields false negative results. CSF has long been considered a sterile district in healthy patients, but this notion has been recently challenged. For this pilot study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial composition of CSF of cattle presenting with CNS disorders and to compare it between subjects with CNS infections and with CNS disorders of other nature. The study sample was 10 animals: 4 presenting with CNS infectious-inflammatory diseases and 6 with other CNS disorders, based on definitive diagnosis. Since the initial round of a standard 16S rRNA PCR did not yield sufficient genetic material for sequencing in any of the samples, the protocol was modified to increase its sensitivity. Bacterial genetic material was identified in 6 animals and 2 groups were formed: an infectious inflammatory (n = 3) and a noninfectious inflammatory group (n = 3). The most frequently expressed bacterial families were Pseudomonadaceae (44.61%), Moraxellaceae (19.54%), Mycobacteriaceae (11.80%); the genera were Pseudomonas (45.42%), Acinetobacter (19.91%), Mycobacterium (12.01%). There were no detectable differences in the CSF microbial composition of the samples from the two groups. Sequencing of bacterial DNA present in the CSF was possible only after increasing PCR sensitivity. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed the presence of a microbial community in the CSF in cattle with neurological disorders. Further studies, in which CSF samples from healthy animals and samples from the environment are included as controls, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Elena Grego
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Muro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Stella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Biasibetti E, Pezzolato M, Brugiapaglia A, Biagini D, Lazzaroni C, Bellino C, D'angelo A, Bozzetta E. Thymus and meat physicochemical measurements to discriminate calves treated with anabolic and therapeutic doses of dexamethasone. Animal 2021; 15:100271. [PMID: 34153604 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To preserve the Europe consumers' health, the use of glucocorticoids as growth promoters is prohibited in cattle fattening. In 2008, the Italian Ministry of Health associated to the official control a national monitoring plan based on the histological thymus analysis to identify animals illegally treated with corticosteroids. However, since corticosteroids are authorized and widely used for therapeutic purposes, it is necessary to verify whether the thymus histological test and some physicochemical traits in meat are able to discriminate doped calves from dexamethasone therapeutic treated ones. The aims of this study were (i) to establish whether the therapeutic and illicit corticosteroid treatments of calves could be differentiated through histological evaluation of thymus and by physicochemical meat traits; (ii) to identify a restricted number of physicochemical traits that could differentiate dexamethasone treated from untreated calves. Three groups of 15 calves each were included in this study: group dexamethasone therapeutic treatment treated with dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt at a therapeutic dose (2 mg/kg of live weight for three consecutive days); group dexamethasone anabolic treatment orally treated with dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt according to a presumed anabolic protocol (0.4 mg/day per animal for 20 days); group placebo control treated with a placebo served as control. Results demonstrated that groups could be easily discriminated by thymus microscopy as well as by two meat markers, namely, cooking loss and shear firmness or Warner-Bratzler shear force. The combination of thymus microscopic features and meat physicochemical traits could be used as a practical, economic and accurate screening strategy to discriminate between meat from illegally and therapeutically treated calves. This new reliable and simple tool could contribute to identify animals treated with dexamethasone in those countries where glucocorticoids are illegally used as growth promoters. More in general, this system could be included in the framework of official controls, and applied to verify suppliers' reliability by the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Biasibetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - M Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - A Brugiapaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy.
| | - D Biagini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - C Lazzaroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - C Bellino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - A D'angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Cagnotti G, Ferrini S, Ala U, Bellino C, Corona C, Dappiano E, Di Muro G, Iulini B, Pepe I, Roncone S, D'Angelo A. Analysis of Early Assessable Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Dogs With Cluster Seizures and Status Epilepticus. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:575551. [PMID: 33195572 PMCID: PMC7581674 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.575551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epileptics (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) are serious neurological emergencies associated with poor outcome in epileptic patients. Data on risk factors associated with outcome in epileptic patients affected by CS and SE have not been studied extensively to date. In the present retrospective study potential risk factors predictive of negative outcome in a population of dogs affected by CS and SE were analyzed. Ninety-three dogs were included in the study: 21/93 patients (23%) presented with SE and 72/93 (77%) with CS. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, factors statistically associated with a poor outcome were the occurrence of the first epileptic seizure outside the defined idiopathic interval (6 months-6 years), a condition of hyperthermia at presentation and the absence of previous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in case of previous history of seizures. The results of the present study implement data on risk factors associated with poor outcome in dogs affected by CS or SE and can aid in the creation of an ad hoc scoring system, similar to systems currently applied in human medicine upon hospital admission to benchmark performances and establish protocols for triage and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Dappiano
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Muro
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Ida Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Silvia Roncone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Gianella P, Roncone S, Ala U, Bottero E, Cagnasso F, Cagnotti G, Bellino C. Upper digestive tract abnormalities in dogs with chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1845-1852. [PMID: 32618401 PMCID: PMC7517503 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (CILPR) is a common inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology affecting the nasal cavity of dogs. The diagnosis is made by exclusion of other causes of nasal disease and specific therapeutic protocols are lacking. In human medicine, a relationship between CILPR and gastrointestinal clinical signs has been postulated, and remission of respiratory signs after clinical trials with medications for gastrointestinal disorders has been observed. OBJECTIVES To describe history, clinical presentation, endoscopic and histopathologic concurrent respiratory and digestive tract abnormalities, and to evaluate improvement of respiratory signs after treatment for gastrointestinal signs. ANIMALS Twenty-five dogs with CILPR. METHODS Prospective study. For inclusion, following information had to be available: respiratory and digestive clinical signs, airway and digestive tract endoscopic abnormalities, histologic evaluation of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract biopsy specimens, and clinical response to different treatment strategies. RESULTS Twenty-two dogs had endoscopic gastrointestinal lesions, whereas 13 dogs had concurrent gastrointestinal signs. Most esophageal and duodenal endoscopic abnormalities were classified as moderate or severe. Respiratory and gastrointestinal tract histologic evaluation identified mostly chronic inflammation. Remission or marked improvement of respiratory signs was observed in the majority of dogs treated only for gastrointestinal signs up to 12 months after endoscopy. No significant associations between treatments and follow-up information were found. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Nasal and upper digestive tract abnormalities coexist in some dogs with CILPR. Lack of standardized therapeutic protocols suggests caution when interpreting improvement in nasal clinical signs. Additional studies are needed to explore the possibility of a cause-effect relationship between the 2 processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Silvia Roncone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Federica Cagnasso
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Cagnotti G, Cantile C, Chessa S, Sacchi P, D'Angelo A, Bellino C. Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Blonde D'Aquitaine Calves Is Not Associated With FVT1 Gene Mutation. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:348. [PMID: 32714947 PMCID: PMC7344245 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease (MND) in humans and diverse animal species: canid, felid, and bovid. To date, bovine SMA has been reported in Brown Swiss, Holstein, Friesian, and Red Danish breed; it has been associated with a genetic mutation of the FVT1 gene, also known as 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR). The aim of the present case series was to describe clinical presentation, pathological findings, and genetic analysis of five Blond d'Aquitaine calves diagnosed with SMA and to determine whether the mutation was associated with the disease. Five Blonde d'Aquitaine calves (three females and two males) from the same cow-calf operation farm were presented between June 2018 and February 2019 because unable to stand or walk unassisted since birth. Neurological examination aroused suspicion of a diffuse lesion affecting the peripheral nervous system in all calves. Findings from electromyographic investigations and muscle and nerve biopsies were consistent with a non-regenerative, chronic, active axonal neuropathy and marked neurogenic muscular atrophy and assumed to be associated with a neurodegenerative process. Histopathological examination of tissue samples from two animals revealed neuronal loss and several degenerated, shrunken, and hypereosinophilic neurons at the level of the ventral horn of the cervico-thoracic and the lumbo-sacral intumescence, diffuse loss of myelinated axons at the level of the ventral funiculi of all segments of the spinal cord, and moderate diffuse astrocytic reaction. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of SMA. No mutation of the FVT1 gene was found on genetic analysis. Further study into the causative gene mutation of SMA in Blonde D'Aquitaine calves is under way. Identification of a novel genetic mutation could improve our understanding of the disease in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Cagnotti
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Odore R, Rendini D, Badino P, Gardini G, Cagnotti G, Meucci V, Intorre L, Bellino C, D’Angelo A. Behavioral Therapy and Fluoxetine Treatment in Aggressive Dogs: A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050832. [PMID: 32403396 PMCID: PMC7278467 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine aggression is a major concern, affecting millions of people worldwide, and treatment can be challenging even for skilled veterinarians. Empiric use of fluoxetine is sometimes attempted, although few data regarding long-term effects in aggressive dogs are available. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical effectiveness of fluoxetine (1.5 mg/kg/die PO) combined with a behavior modification program for treatment of canine dominance-related aggression. Circulating levels of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, and serotonin (5-HT) were also measured. Eight dogs with a diagnosis of dominance aggression (owner-directed) were enrolled. Before treatment (T0), and after one (T1), two (T2), four (T3), and six (T4) months of fluoxetine administration, clinical outcomes were graded using a five-point frequency scale (0-4), and blood samples were collected to measure fluoxetine/norfluoxetine (high-performance liquid chromatography) and 5-HT (ELISA) levels. Following treatment, a decrease in behavioral test scores was observed at T1-T4. Increasing concentrations of circulating fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were measured throughout the follow-up. Correlation between norfluoxetine levels and clinical scores was observed at T4. Starting from T1, a significant decrease in 5-HT levels was observed. Our data suggest that fluoxetine (1.5 mg/kg/day) when associated with behavior treatment is effective in controlling canine aggression over a six-month period, and that, in dogs norfluoxetine levels seem reliable in predicting clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (R.O.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Diego Rendini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (R.O.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (R.O.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709017
| | - Giulia Gardini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (R.O.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (R.O.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (L.I.)
| | - Luigi Intorre
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (L.I.)
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (R.O.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonio D’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (R.O.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
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Gianella P, Caccamo R, Bellino C, Bottero E, Fietta F, Roncone S, Ostanello F, Pietra M, Buracco P. Evaluation of metabolic profile and C-reactive protein concentrations in brachycephalic dogs with upper airway obstructive syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2183-2192. [PMID: 31454107 PMCID: PMC6766536 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brachycephalic dogs have abnormal breathing patterns similar to those in humans with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Despite the fact that anatomic and functional alterations are well described in brachycephalic dogs, little is known about the consequences of upper airway obstruction on systemic inflammatory response and metabolic profile. Objectives To describe history, clinical presentation, and anatomic abnormalities; to evaluate systemic inflammatory response and metabolic profile; and to identify possible associations among clinical signs, anatomic abnormalities, inflammatory response, and metabolic profile in brachycephalic dogs with airway obstruction. Animals Thirty purebred brachycephalic dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS). Methods Prospective study. The following information was recorded and studied: respiratory and digestive signs, airway and digestive endoscopic anomalies, presence or absence of tracheal hypoplasia, histologic evaluation of gastrointestinal tract biopsy specimens, serum concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), fructosamine, insulin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and plasma concentrations of lipoprotein classes. Results A high proportion of dogs (76.7%) had gastrointestinal signs. Esophageal deviation, atony of the cardia of the stomach, and distal esophagitis were the most common endoscopic anomalies detected. Twenty‐six (86.6%) dogs had different degrees of laryngeal collapse. Gastrointestinal histologic evaluation identified mostly chronic inflammation. Glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides, cholesterol, CRP, pre‐beta, beta lipoproteins, and chylomicrons were increased to a variable extent. Significant associations among clinical signs, anatomic abnormalities, CRP, and metabolic profile were not found. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Despite the presence of inflammation and some mild metabolic derangements, the clinicopathological variables evaluated did not offer valuable information in dogs with BAOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Caccamo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Federica Fietta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Roncone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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11
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Cagnotti G, Odore R, Bertone I, Corona C, Dappiano E, Gardini G, Iulini B, Bellino C, D'Angelo A. Open-label clinical trial of rectally administered levetiracetam as supplemental treatment in dogs with cluster seizures. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1714-1718. [PMID: 31218767 PMCID: PMC6639497 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment options for at‐home management of cluster seizures (CS) and status epilepticus (SE) are limited. The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam (LEV) after rectal administration in both healthy and epileptic dogs has been investigated recently. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate the clinical efficacy of rectally administered LEV in preventing additional seizures in dogs presented for CS and SE. We hypothesized that rectal administration of LEV in addition to a standard treatment protocol would provide better control of seizure activity as compared with the standard treatment protocol alone. Animals Fifty‐seven client‐owned dogs with CS or SE. Methods Prospective open‐label clinical trial. Patients included in the study were assigned to receive either a standard treatment protocol comprising IV/rectal diazepam and IV phenobarbital q8h (control group) or a standard treatment protocol in association with a single dose of 40 mg/kg LEV rectally (rectal LEV group). Dogs that experienced no additional seizures were defined as responders, whereas those that showed additional seizure activity were classified as nonresponders. Results Twenty‐one dogs were assigned to the rectal LEV group, and 36 to control group. Given the small number of cases of SE, statistical analysis was performed only on patients with CS. The response rate was 94% in the rectal LEV group and 48% in the control group (P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Rectally administered LEV combined with a standard treatment protocol provided good control of seizure activity in patients with CS. The validity of these results should be confirmed in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosangela Odore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Iride Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Dappiano
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Gardini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Biasato I, D’Angelo A, Bertone I, Odore R, Bellino C. Compost bedded-pack barn as an alternative housing system for dairy cattle in Italy: effects on animal health and welfare and milk and milk product quality. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1623095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Biasato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentati, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Iride Bertone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosangela Odore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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13
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Cagnotti G, Sammartano F, Bertone I, Capucchio MT, Nicola I, Sacchi P, Bellino C, D'Angelo A. Imaging and genetic investigations of neural tube defect in a calf: case report and review of the literature. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:228-234. [PMID: 30852979 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718823037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-d-old female crossbreed calf was referred because of paraplegia since birth. Clinical examination revealed a skin defect covered by hair on the dorsal midline in the thoracic area of the spine. Thoracolumbar spinal cord neuroanatomic localization was determined based on neurologic examination. Computed tomography of the thoracolumbar spine revealed incomplete fusion of the vertebral arches from T6 to T10 and duplication of the vertebral arch of T7. At the level of T6-T7, duplication of the spinal cord with 2 segments completely separated by a septum of hyperattenuating, probably cartilaginous, tissue was noted. Histologically, the spinal segments had different degrees of duplication. Three central canals were detected in one region. Genetic investigation for the presence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism, which has been investigated in both human and veterinary medicine as a possible cause of neural tube defects and abortion, was carried out and was negative in both the calf and her dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Sammartano
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Iride Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Nicola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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14
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Nicola I, Cerutti F, Grego E, Bertone I, Gianella P, D'Angelo A, Peletto S, Bellino C. Characterization of the upper and lower respiratory tract microbiota in Piedmontese calves. Microbiome 2017; 5:152. [PMID: 29157308 PMCID: PMC5697440 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota of the bovine upper respiratory tract has been recently characterized, but no data for the lower respiratory tract are available. A major health problem in bovine medicine is infectious bronchopneumonia, the most common respiratory syndrome affecting cattle. With this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize and compare the microbial community composition of the upper and lower respiratory tracts in calves. RESULTS The microbiota of the upper (nasal swab [NS]) and the lower (trans-tracheal aspiration [TTA]) respiratory tracts of 19 post-weaned Piedmontese calves with (8/19) and without (11/19) clinical signs of respiratory disease, coming from six different farms, was characterized by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. A total of 29 phyla (29 in NS, 21 in TTA) and 305 genera (289 in NS, 182 in TTA) were identified. Mycoplasma (60.8%) was the most abundant genus identified in both the NS (27.3%) and TTA (76.7%) samples, followed by Moraxella (16.6%) in the NS and Pasteurella (7.3%) in the TTA samples. Pasteurella multocida (7.3% of total operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) was the most abundant species in the TTA and Psychrobacter sanguinis (1.1% of total OTUs) in the NS samples. Statistically significant differences between the NS and the TTA samples were found for both alpha (Shannon index, observed species, Chao1 index, and Simpson index; P = 0.001) and beta (Adonis; P = 0.001) diversity. Comparison of the NS and TTA samples by farm origin and clinical signs revealed no statistical difference (P > 0.05), except for farm origin for the NS samples when compared by the unweighted UniFrac metric (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized the microbiota of the upper and lower respiratory tracts of calves, both healthy individuals and those with clinical signs of respiratory disease. Our results suggest that environmental factors may influence the composition of the upper airway microbiota in cattle. While the two microbial communities (upper and lower airways) differed in microbial composition, they shared several OTUs, suggesting that the lung microbiota may be a self-sustaining, more homogeneous ecosystem, influenced by the upper respiratory tract microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Nicola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Elena Grego
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Iride Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paola Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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15
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Gianella P, Lotti U, Bellino C, Bresciani F, Cagnasso A, Fracassi F, D'angelo A, Pietra M. Clinicopathologic and prognostic factors in short- and long-term surviving dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:163-169. [PMID: 28248185 DOI: 10.17236/sat00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the characteristics of short- and long-term surviving dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and to identify factors that predict its outcome. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 59 client- owned dogs with PLE diagnosed at three different hospitals between January 2009 and November 2013. The dogs were classified as either short-term (= 6 months; STs) or long-term (> 6 months; LTs) survivors. Clinical and clinicopathological variables were investigated between the groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Nineteen dogs were classified as STs and 40 as LTs. Body weight and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the STs at diagnosis (P < 0.05). At 1 month after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (data- driven cut-off, T1), chronic canine enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) scores were higher (P < 0.01) and albumin, serum total protein and total cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in the STs. ROC curve analysis showed that CCECAI > 5 evaluated at T1 was the best predictor of poor outcome. Although the severity of clinical signs and the majority of clinicopathological findings at diagnosis did not influence the outcome, survival time was shorter in the dogs with high CCECAI scores at T1 and which did not respond to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - U Lotti
- Veterinary Clinic Valdinievole, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
| | - C Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - F Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - A Cagnasso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - F Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - A D'angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - M Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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16
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Richelmi GB, Maurella C, Pezzolato M, Botta M, Varello K, Pitardi D, Baioni E, Bellino C, D'Angelo A, Caramelli M, Bozzetta E. Thymus atrophy is an efficient marker of illicit treatment with dexamethasone in veal calves: Results from a triennial experimental study. Res Vet Sci 2017; 113:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Gianella P, Tecilla M, Bellino C, Buracco R, Martano M, Zanatta R, Cagnasso A, D'angelo A. An unusual case of intestinal leiomyositis in a Bernese mountain dog. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 157:563-7. [PMID: 26897772 DOI: 10.17236/sat00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 1-year-old, female Bernese mountain dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Turin University with a 3-month history of weight loss, intermittent anorexia, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distension. Full-thickness biopsies from the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Microscopic lesions displayed severe diffuse degeneration and loss of leiomyocytes, with lymphocytic leiomyositis, fibroplasia, angiogenesis, severe diffuse neuronal atrophy, and ganglioneuritis in the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus. A diagnosis of chronic idiopatic intestinal pseudo-obstruction was made. Response to immunosuppressive therapy was poor and the dog was humanely euthanized. Unique findings were mononuclear infiltration composed predominantly of B-cell, angiogenesis and weak immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase.
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Comino F, Giusto G, Caramello V, Pagliara E, Bellino C, Gandini M. Ex vivo
comparison of the giant and transfixing knot in equine open and closed castration. Equine Vet J 2016; 48:765-769. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Comino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - G. Giusto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - V. Caramello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - E. Pagliara
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - C. Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - M. Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
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Bertone I, Bellino C, Alborali GL, Cagnasso A, Cagnotti G, Dappiano E, Lizzi M, Miciletta M, Ramacciotti A, Gianella P, D'Angelo A. Clinical-pathological findings of otitis media and media-interna in calves and (clinical) evaluation of a standardized therapeutic protocol. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:297. [PMID: 26634824 PMCID: PMC4669636 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this field trial were to describe the clinical-pathologic findings in calves with otitis media (OM) and media-interna (OMI), to evaluate, through the development of a scoring system, the effectiveness of a standardized therapeutic protocol, and to identify the causative pathogens and their possible correlation with concurrent respiratory disease. All animals underwent physical and neurological examinations at three experimental time points: at diagnosis/beginning of treatment (T0), 1 week (T1) and 2 weeks (T2) after therapy was started, respectively. Follow-up telephone interviews with animal owners were conducted 1 month later. The therapeutic protocol consisted of tulathromycin (Draxxin®; Zoetis), oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramicina 100®; Zoetis), and carprofen (Rimadyl®; Zoetis). Results Twenty-two calves were enrolled. Physical and otoscopic examination at T0 revealed monolateral and bilateral otorrhea in 16 and 6 calves, respectively, with peripheral vestibular system involvement in calves presenting with neurological signs (n = 17; 77 %). A significant improvement of clinical and neurological scores was observed in 20 (90 %) calves, a full recovery in only 1 (5 %). One calf worsened between T0 and T1 and it was removed from the study. None of the other animals showed a worsening of clinical conditions and/or required further treatments at one month follow up. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated in 89 % of the affected ears either alone or together with P. multocida (n = 5), Streptococcus spp. (n = 1), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 1), and Pseudomonas spp. (n = 1). M. bovis either alone or together with these bacteria was also isolated from the upper and/or lower respiratory tract in 19 (86 %) calves. Conclusions This is the first prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized therapeutic protocol for the treatment of OM/OMI in calves. The therapy led to clinical improvement in the majority of the calves. Persistence of mild clinical-neurological signs did not compromise productive performance. The numerical scoring system for clinical and neurological signs permitted objective evaluation of response to therapy. M. bovis was the pathogen most often isolated. This finding should be considered in the treatment of OM/OMI in calves. Moreover, respiratory tract infection should not be underrated, since it is one of the major risk factors for the development of OM/OMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - C Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - G L Alborali
- Diagnostic Section of Brescia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy.
| | - A Cagnasso
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - G Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - E Dappiano
- Private Practitioner Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - M Lizzi
- Private Practitioner Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | | | | | - P Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - A D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
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20
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Gerboni GM, Capra G, Ferro S, Bellino C, Perego M, Zanet S, D'Angelo A, Gianella P. The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the detection of active renal hemorrhage in a dog with spontaneous kidney rupture resulting in hemoperitoneum. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:751-8. [PMID: 26453030 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for the detection of active renal hemorrhage in a dog with spontaneous kidney rupture resulting in hemoperitoneum. CASE SUMMARY A 9-month-old, sexually intact male Boxer dog presented for acute collapse, abdominal pain, and tachycardia. Physical examination findings were consistent with hypovolemia and acute abdomen. B-mode ultrasonography revealed peritoneal effusion and a right kidney mass. Subsequently, a CEUS study was performed on the right kidney, which demonstrated active hemorrhage from that kidney resulting in both hemoretroperitoneum and hemoperitoneum. At exploratory surgery, ultrasonographic findings were confirmed and a right nephrectomy was performed. Histopathology demonstrated severe parenchymal alterations along with the presence of nematode larvae. Fecal and urine testing for the presence of parasitic ova were negative. Identification of the larvae was inconclusive. At 30 days postoperatively, repeat B-mode ultrasound and clinicopathologic testing was unremarkable. The dog was alive at 1 year postsurgery with no ill effects. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of CEUS for the detection of active hemorrhage from a kidney resulting in hemoretroperitoneum and hemoperitoneum in a dog. Although rare, the finding of nematode larvae within the renal parenchyma may have been the cause of kidney rupture. Importantly, surgical removal of the kidney was curative. Benign processes causing kidney rupture such as parasitic infestation should be considered in the working diagnosis as related to geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Ferro
- the Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Zanet
- the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gianella
- the Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Bellino C, Miniscalco B, Bertone I, Cagnasso A, Occhiena E, Gianella P, D'Angelo A. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from cattle with central nervous system disorders after storage for 24 hours with autologous serum. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:201. [PMID: 26268228 PMCID: PMC4542111 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the changes in cell morphology, total and differential cell counts between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples analyzed within an hour of collection (fresh sample) and after the addition of autologous serum and storage for 24 h (stored sample) in 27 cattle with central nervous system disorders. RESULTS There was a positive linear correlation between total and differential cell counts in the fresh and the stored samples. Cell morphology was preserved in all stored samples, except for increased vacuolization of mononuclear cells and cleaved nuclei of some small mononuclear cells. In the stored CSF samples, the total nucleated cell count and monocyte percentage were decreased (P = 0.01; P = 0.03), while the lymphocyte percentage was increased (P = 0.04). Mononuclear pleocytosis diagnosed in 20 fresh samples was cytologically confirmed in 12 of the 20 stored samples. In the remaining eight stored samples, the number of total nucleated cells was within the normal range. Neutrophilic pleocytosis was confirmed in all seven stored samples. The overall agreement rate between cytologic interpretation of the fresh and the stored CSF samples was 70 % (100 % for neutrophilic pleocytosis and 60 % for mononuclear pleocytosis). CONCLUSIONS Adding 11 % of autologous serum to CSF samples might allow delayed analysis with a good agreement rate for CSF cytological interpretation. Caution is nonetheless warranted, as animal age, anamnesis, and neurological presentation need to be considered when interpreting stored CSF without pleocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Turin, Italy.
| | - B Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Turin, Italy.
| | - I Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Turin, Italy.
| | - A Cagnasso
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Turin, Italy.
| | | | - P Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Turin, Italy.
| | - A D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Turin, Italy.
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D'Angelo A, Bellino C, Bertone I, Cagnotti G, Iulini B, Miniscalco B, Casalone C, Gianella P, Cagnasso A. Seizure disorders in 43 cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:967-71. [PMID: 25857732 PMCID: PMC4895412 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large animals have a relatively high seizure threshold, and in most cases seizures are acquired. No published case series have described this syndrome in cattle. Objectives To describe clinical findings and outcomes in cattle referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Turin (Italy) because of seizures. Animals Client‐owned cattle with documented evidence of seizures. Methods Medical records of cattle with episodes of seizures reported between January 2002 and February 2014 were reviewed. Evidence of seizures was identified based on the evaluation of seizure episodes by the referring veterinarian or 1 of the authors. Animals were recruited if physical and neurologic examinations were performed and if diagnostic laboratory test results were available. Results Forty‐three of 49 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 8 months. Thirty‐one animals were male and 12 were female. Piedmontese breed accounted for 39/43 (91%) animals. Seizures were etiologically classified as reactive in 30 patients (70%) and secondary or structural in 13 (30%). Thirty‐six animals survived, 2 died naturally, and 5 were euthanized for reasons of animal welfare. The definitive cause of reactive seizures was diagnosed as hypomagnesemia (n = 2), hypocalcemia (n = 12), and hypomagnesemia‐hypocalcemia (n = 16). The cause of structural seizures was diagnosed as cerebrocortical necrosis (n = 8), inflammatory diseases (n = 4), and lead (Pb) intoxication (n = 1). Conclusion and Clinical Importance The study results indicate that seizures largely are reported in beef cattle and that the cause can be identified and successfully treated in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - C Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - I Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - G Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - B Iulini
- National Reference Centre for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) - Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - B Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - C Casalone
- National Reference Centre for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) - Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - P Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - A Cagnasso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Cucuzza LS, Riondato F, Macchi E, Bellino C, Franco G, Biolatti B, Cannizzo F. Haematological and physiological responses of Piemontese beef cattle to different housing conditions. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:464-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Falco S, Bruno B, Maurella C, Bellino C, D'Angelo A, Gianella P, Tarducci A, Zanatta R, Borrelli A. In vitro evaluation of canine hemostasis following dilution with hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) via thromboelastometry. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 22:640-5. [PMID: 23216838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of in vitro hemodilution of canine blood with a low molecular weight hy-droxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) by means of thromboelastometry (TEM). DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING University Teaching Hospital. ANIMALS Ten healthy adult staff-owned dogs were sampled for the purposes of the study. Samples were also collected from 45 clinically normal dogs to establish thromboelastometric reference intervals. INTERVENTIONS For each dog whole blood was collected by jugular venipuncture and placed into tubes containing 3.8% trisodium citrate and stored at 37°C. Two standard dilutions (1:4 and 1:10) from canine blood specimens were prepared with HES 130/0.4 and saline 0.9%. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The effects of dilution were studied by TEM. No statistically significant differences were observed between the TEM values of the control samples and the samples diluted with saline solution (ratio 1:10 and 1:4). In contrast, hypocoagulability was observed in the samples treated with HES 130/0.4, with more severe effects at 1:4 dilution than at 1:10 dilution. The 1:4 dilution with HES 130/0.4 produced marked alterations: CT (P = 0.035) and CFT (P = 0.0007) on the ex-TEM profile, CT (P = 0.0005) and ML (P = 0.0017) on the fib-TEM profile and CFT (P = 0.0043) on the in-TEM, were all significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas MCF (P = 0.0042) and alpha angle (P = 0.002) on the in-TEM and MCF (P = 0.011) and alpha angle (P = 0.001) ex-TEM profiles and MCF (P = 0.0001) on the fib-TEM profile were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dilution of canine blood with HES 130/0.4 results in a thromboelastometric pattern consistent with hypocoagulation and this effect appears to result from a dose-dependent alteration in fibrinogen concentration and inhibition of platelet function. As this is an in vitro study, further in vivo investigations are necessary to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falco
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Medicine Section, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Bottero E, Bellino C, De Lorenzi D, Ruggiero P, Tarducci A, D'Angelo A, Gianella P. Clinical Evaluation and Endoscopic Classification of Bronchomalacia in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:840-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bottero
- Poliambulatorio Veterinario Argentina; Imperia Italy
| | - C. Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - D. De Lorenzi
- Veterinary Hospital “I Portoni Rossi”; Bologna Italy
| | - P. Ruggiero
- Centro Veterinario Specialistico; Roma Italy
| | - A. Tarducci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - A. D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
| | - P. Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Grugliasco Italy
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Borrelli A, Bellino C, Bozzetta E, Bruno B, Falco S, Maurella C, Gianella P, Pezzolato M, Cagnasso A, D'Angelo A. Thromboelastometry in veal calves to detect hemostatic variations caused by low doses of dexamethasone treatment. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:55. [PMID: 23531200 PMCID: PMC3621520 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The illegal administration of hormones, steroids, β-agonists and other anabolic agents to productive livestock in the European Union continues, despite the long-term ban on their use and despite the measures provided under the directives to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in the interest of protecting consumer health and animal wellbeing. Often administered in low doses in the form of a drug cocktail, these compounds escape detection by common analytical techniques. The aim of this study was to determine whether low-dose dexamethasone administration (0.4 mg orally per day, for 20 days) in white-meat calves produced variations in blood coagulation, as measured by thromboelastometry. A second aim was to determine whether such variations could be valid in detecting illicit low-dose dexamethasone treatment. RESULTS The study population was 42 Friesian calves kept under controlled conditions until 6 months of age. The calves were subdivided into 2 groups: a control group (group A, n = 28) and a group treated with dexamethasone (group B, n = 14) for 20 days beginning at 5 months of age. When compared against the age-matched control group, the dexamethasone-treated calves showed a significant increase in alpha angle, maximum clot firmness and a significant decrease in clot formation time on all thromboelastometric profiles (P < 0.05). The clotting time was significantly decreased on the in-TEM® profile but increased on the ex-TEM® and fib-TEM® profiles (P <0.05). The Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, plotted for the Maximum Clot Elasticity (MCE), had a cut-off value ≥ 488.23 mm for in-TEM® MCE [Se 85.7%, (95% CI 57.2-98.2); Sp 100% 96.43% (95% CI 81.7-99.9] and a cut-off value ≥ 63.94 mm for fib-TEM® MCE [Se 92.8 (95% CI 66.1-99.8); Sp 89.3% (95% CI 71.8-97.7)]. In order to increase the sensitivity of the test two parameters (in-TEM® and fib-TEM® MCE) were used as two parallel tests; subsequently, the sensitivity rose to a point value of 99% (95% CI 85.4-99.9). CONCLUSIONS Thromboelastometry identified a state of hypercoagulability in the dexamethasone-treated subjects. Furthemore, the results of this preliminary study suggest that TEM may be useful in the detection of illicit low-dose dexamethasone treatment.
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Bellino C, Gianella P, Grattarola C, Miniscalco B, Tursi M, Dondo A, D'Angelo A, Cagnasso A. Urinary tract infections in sows in Italy: accuracy of urinalysis and urine culture against histological findings. Vet Rec 2013; 172:183. [PMID: 23315770 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) in sow, lower urinary tract (LUT), kidney and urine samples were collected at slaughterhouse from 65 multiparous culled sows. Histopathology was performed on urethra, urinary bladder and -kidney sections. Urine collected by cystocentesis was analysed for physical and biochemical parameters, in addition to microscopic examination of the sediment and quantitative culture ( > 10(5) CFU/ml urine). The diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis and urine culture was calculated for the parameters that correlated with histological diagnosis: bilateral chronic lesions were found in 54 per cent of kidney samples and diffuse/multifocal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the submucosa in 53 per cent of the bladder and 68 per cent of the urethra samples. In 49 per cent of cases, the co-occurrence of bladder and urethra lesions was statistically significant (P < 0.009). Turbid urine (80 per cent sensitivity, 50 per cent specificity), > 5 white blood cells per high-power field (34 per cent sensitivity, 90 per cent specificity), intracellular or free bacteria (43 per cent sensitivity, 90 per cent specificity), and urine culture (49 per cent sensitivity, 97 per cent specificity) correlated with a finding of histopathological changes in the bladder. UTI appears to be common in culled sows in northern Italy. Compared with histopathology, urinalysis and urine culture showed low sensitivity but high specificity in detecting UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Turin, Clinical Section, Via L. Da Vinci, 44, Grugliasco10095, TO, Italy.
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Biolatti C, Bellino C, Borrelli A, Capucchio M, Gianella P, Maurella C, Miniscalco B, Nebbia P, Zoppi S, Cagnasso A, D'Angelo A. Sepsis and bacterial suppurative meningitis-meningoencephalitis in critically ill neonatal Piedmontese calves: clinical approach and laboratory findings. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2012; 154:239-46. [PMID: 22653698 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis (S) and bacterial suppurative meningitis-meningoencephalitis (M-ME) are common causes of death in bovine neonates. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of S and M-ME in critically ill neonatal Piedmontese calves. Critically ill animals up to 15 days old referred by practitioners were registered according to their status and subsequently assigned to clinical standardized score. Calves with a clinical score > = 5 were further assessed under a clinical and clinical-pathological protocol to strengthen the suspicion of S and M-ME. Critically ill neonatal calves sent for necropsy were included in the study as well. Fifty-nine calves were investigated, 26 of which referred alive and 33 dead. Ten out of the 26 clinically evaluated calves were classified as suspicious of S on the basis of the clinical and clinical-pathological protocols. S was confirmed by positive bacteriologic culture in 7 cases and in 3 cases on the basis of necroptic lesions. Concomitant suppurative M-ME suspected in 6 of these 10 calves was subsequently confirmed by CSF analysis or histological findings. Of the 33 calves examined only post-mortem, 20 showed pathognomonic findings of S and 14 signs of M-ME. The prevalence of S and M-ME was 46 and 36 %, respectively. Clinical signs of S were confirmed to be vague and overlapping with other diseases. The developed protocol was highly accurate in predicting S in these neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Biolatti
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Section, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Gianella P, Avallone G, Bellino C, Iussich S, Palmieri C, Roccabianca P, Salvadori C, Zanatta R, D'Angelo A. Primary cutaneous undifferentiated round cell tumor with concurrent polymyositis in a dog. Can Vet J 2012; 53:549-553. [PMID: 23115370 PMCID: PMC3327596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cutaneous poorly differentiated round cell tumor with concurrent, non-suppurative, polymyositis was diagnosed in a hovawart dog. Histochemical staining, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy findings suggested that the tumors cells were of myeloid, or possibly natural killer cell origin. The possibility that the concurrent polymyositis may represent a pre-neoplastic or paraneoplastic process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gianella
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, University of Turin, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a case of a cat with primary B-cell lymphoma affecting the eye and brain and which shared features similar to oculo-cerebral lymphoma in humans. METHODS A 13-year-old castrated male Persian cat presented with clinical signs of anterior uveitis and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye (OS). A complete diagnostic work-up was declined, and left-eye enucleation was performed. The globe was submitted for histopathology. One week after surgery, the cat became inappetent, hypothermic, and aggressive. Euthanasia was requested by the owner, and a necropsy was permitted. RESULTS Histopathology of the enucleated globe revealed an extensive neoplastic infiltration consistent with large-cell lymphoma, affecting the anterior uvea, neuroretina and optic nerve. At necropsy, all organs were unremarkable except for the brain, where there was a neoplastic cell population consistent with that described in the left eye, infiltrated and expanded meninges, and perivascular spaces. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for B-cell marker (CD20) and negative for T-cell marker (CD3). Histology and immunophenotyping suggested a diagnosis of primary central nervous system and ocular large B-cell lymphoma. DISCUSSION The lymphoma in this cat resembled oculo-cerebral lymphoma in humans, sharing similar clinical features and histopathological findings, including the perivascular pattern of neoplastic cell infiltration. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of a primary oculo-cerebral B-cell lymphoma in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giordano
- Ophthalmology Veterinary Practice, Turin, Italy Department of Veterinary Pathology, Hygiene, and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Bellino C, Arnaudo F, Biolatti C, Borrelli A, Gianella P, Maurella C, Zabaldano G, Cagnasso A, D'Angelo A. Development of a diagnostic diagram for rapid field assessment of acidosis severity in diarrheic calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:312-6. [PMID: 22256848 DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.3.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a diagnostic diagram for rapid field assessment of acidosis severity in diarrheic calves. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 148 Piedmontese calves (38 calves in preliminary experiments; 83 diarrheic calves and 27 healthy control calves in the primary experiment). PROCEDURES Physical examination was performed and a standard data collection form was completed for each calf. Blood samples were obtained and submitted for evaluation of acid-base balance, performance of a CBC, and measurement of electrolyte and total protein concentrations. RESULTS Severe metabolic acidosis (extracellular base excess more negative than -10 mmol/L) was associated with abnormal mental status, delayed or absent suckle reflex, abnormal posture or gait, enophthalmos, and cold oral mucosal membranes. Clinical signs associated with severe metabolic acidosis were arranged into a grid to create a diagnostic diagram. Sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic diagram for the prediction of severe metabolic acidosis were 88% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the diagnostic diagram may aid differentiation between severe and nonsevere acidosis patterns as determined on the basis of clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bellino
- Department of Animal Pathology, Clinical Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco TO, Italy.
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Peletto S, Bertuzzi S, Campanella C, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Bellino C, Ariello D, Quasso A, Caramelli M, Acutis PL. Evaluation of internal reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time PCR in ovine whole blood. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7732-47. [PMID: 22174628 PMCID: PMC3233434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of reference genes is commonly accepted as the most reliable approach to normalize qRT-PCR and to reduce possible errors in the quantification of gene expression. The most suitable reference genes in sheep have been identified for a restricted range of tissues, but no specific data on whole blood are available. The aim of this study was to identify a set of reference genes for normalizing qRT-PCR from ovine whole blood. We designed 11 PCR assays for commonly employed reference genes belonging to various functional classes and then determined their expression stability in whole blood samples from control and disease-stressed sheep. SDHA and YWHAZ were considered the most suitable internal controls as they were stably expressed regardless of disease status according to both geNorm and NormFinder software; furthermore, geNorm indicated SDHA/HPRT, YWHAZ/GAPDH and SDHA/YWHAZ as the best reference gene combinations in control, disease-stressed and combined sheep groups, respectively. Our study provides a validated panel of optimal control genes which may be useful for the identification of genes differentially expressed by qRT-PCR in a readily accessible tissue, with potential for discovering new physiological and disease markers and as a tool to improve production traits (e.g., by identifying expression Quantitative Trait Loci). An additional outcome of the study is a set of intron-spanning primer sequences suitable for gene expression experiments employing SYBR Green chemistry on other ovine tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Peletto
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-011-2686245; Fax: +39-011-2686322
| | - Simone Bertuzzi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Chiara Campanella
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Paola Modesto
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Maniaci
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Dario Ariello
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3, Sanità Animale, 10098 Rivoli, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Antonio Quasso
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale AT, Sanità Animale, 14100 Asti, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Maria Caramelli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
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Biasibetti E, D’Angelo A, Bellino C, Gay L, Gianella P, Capucchio MT. Diprosopia/Dicephalia in Calves in Northern Italy: Clinical and Aetio-Pathological Features. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 40:433-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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D'Angelo A, Miniscalco B, Bellino C, Bormida S, Borrelli A, Maurella C, Riondato F, Biolatti C, Cagnasso A. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 20 calves after storage for 24 hours. Vet Rec 2009; 164:491-3. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.16.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. D'Angelo
- Department of Animal Pathology; University of Turin; Via L. Da Vinci 44 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy
| | - B. Miniscalco
- Department of Animal Pathology; University of Turin; Via L. Da Vinci 44 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy
| | - C. Bellino
- Department of Animal Pathology; University of Turin; Via L. Da Vinci 44 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy
| | - S. Bormida
- Strada Statale Monregalese 4/D; 12080 Pianfei CN Italy
| | - A. Borrelli
- Department of Animal Pathology; University of Turin; Via L. Da Vinci 44 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy
| | - C. Maurella
- National Reference Centre for TSE; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta; Via Bologna 148 10154 Torino TO Italy
| | - F. Riondato
- Department of Animal Pathology; University of Turin; Via L. Da Vinci 44 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy
| | - C. Biolatti
- Department of Animal Pathology; University of Turin; Via L. Da Vinci 44 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy
| | - A. Cagnasso
- Department of Animal Pathology; University of Turin; Via L. Da Vinci 44 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy
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Morello E, Martano M, Squassino C, Iussich S, Caccamo R, Sammartano F, Zabarino S, Bellino C, Pisani G, Buracco P. Transanal pull-through rectal amputation for treatment of colorectal carcinoma in 11 dogs. Vet Surg 2009; 37:420-6. [PMID: 18986308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2008.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcome after transanal rectal pull-through amputation of single colorectal adenocarcinoma and in situ carcinoma (Tis) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Dogs (n=11) with colorectal cancer. METHODS Full-thickness colorectal amputation by either simple transanal (7 dogs) or combined abdominal-transanal (4) pull-through technique. RESULTS Adenocarcinoma (8) and Tis (2) were removed with 3-6 cm of grossly normal tissue, cranial and caudal to the tumor, or in 1 Tis with 2 cm grossly normal tissue, cranial and caudal. Two dogs that had a combined abdominal-transanal approach died within 4 days. In the other dogs, postoperative complications included short-term tenesmus (6 dogs), rectal bleeding (11), rectal stricture (3), and long-term fecal incontinence (1). Postoperative recurrence and metastatic rates for adenocarcinoma were 18.2% and 0%, respectively. Median disease-free interval and survival time were not reached. Mean disease-free and overall survival times were 44.3 and 44.6 months (range, 0-75 months), respectively. CONCLUSION En bloc excision of colorectal Tis and adenocarcinoma may be followed by a long survival. Complications of the transanal approach are usually moderate and self-limiting, but complications are more common and severe when more extensive resections are performed through a combined abdominal-transanal approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Transanal rectal pull-through amputation is suitable for en bloc resection of colorectal neoplasia. A combined abdominal-transanal approach should be reserved for tumors extending from the mid-cranial region of the rectum to the descending colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Morello
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, School of Veterinary Medicine, Turin, Italy
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36
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Santilli R, Perego M, Crosara S, Gardini F, Bellino C, Moretti P, Spadacini G. Utility of 12-Lead Electrocardiogram for Differentiating Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:915-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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37
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Jeserevics J, Viitmaa R, Cizinauskas S, Sainio K, Jokinen TS, Snellman M, Bellino C, Bergamasco L. Electroencephalography findings in healthy and Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy: visual and background quantitative analysis. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 21:1299-306. [PMID: 18196740 DOI: 10.1892/06-285.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) parameters of healthy and Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy have not been determined. OBJECTIVE To determine if EEG can provide specific characteristics to distinguish between healthy dogs and dogs with epilepsy. ANIMALS Sixteen healthy and 15 Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy. METHODS A prospective clinical EEG study performed under medetomidine sedation. Blinded visual and quantitative EEG analyses were performed and results were compared between study groups. RESULTS Benign epileptiform transients of sleep and sleep spindles were a frequent finding in a majority of animals from both groups. The EEG analysis detected epileptiform activity in 3 Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy and in 1 healthy Finnish Spitz dog. Epileptiform activity was characterized by spikes, polyspikes, and spike slow wave complexes in posterior-occipital derivation in dogs with epilepsy and with midline spikes in control dog. The healthy dogs showed significantly less theta and beta activity than did the dogs with epilepsy (P < .01), but the only significant difference between healthy dogs and dogs with untreated epilepsy was in the alpha band (P < .001). Phenobarbital treatment increased alpha, beta (P < .001), and theta (P < .01), and decreased delta (P < .001) frequency bands compared with dogs with untreated epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Benign epileptiform transients of sleep could be easily misinterpreted as epileptiform activity. Epileptiform activity in Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy seems to originate from a posterior-occipital location. The EEG of dogs with epilepsy exhibited a significant difference in background frequency bands compared with the control dogs. Phenobarbital treatment markedly influenced all background activity bands. Quantitative EEG analysis, in addition to visual analysis, seems to be a useful tool in the examination of patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Jeserevics
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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38
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Borgarelli M, Savarino P, Crosara S, Santilli RA, Chiavegato D, Poggi M, Bellino C, La Rosa G, Zanatta R, Haggstrom J, Tarducci A. Survival Characteristics and Prognostic Variables of Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation Attributable to Myxomatous Valve Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:120-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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39
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Cantiello M, Carletti M, Cannizzo FT, Nebbia C, Bellino C, Pié S, Oswald IP, Bollo E, Dacasto M. Effects of an illicit cocktail on serum immunoglobulins, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine gene expression in the veal calf. Toxicology 2007; 242:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Jeserevics J, Viitmaa R, Cizinauskas S, Sainio K, Jokinen TS, Snellman M, Bellino C, Bergamasco L. Electroencephalography Findings in Healthy and Finnish Spitz Dogs with Epilepsy: Visual and Background Quantitative Analysis. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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41
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D'Angelo A, Bellino C, Alborali GL, Biancardi A, Borrelli A, Capucchio MT, Catalano D, Dellaferrera G, Maurella C, Cagnasso A. Neurological signs associated with aflatoxicosis in Piedmontese calves. Vet Rec 2007; 160:698-700. [PMID: 17513837 DOI: 10.1136/vr.160.20.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A D'Angelo
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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42
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Riondato F, D'Angelo A, Miniscalco B, Bellino C, Guglielmino R. Effects of road transportation on lymphocyte subsets in calves. Vet J 2007; 175:364-8. [PMID: 17391999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of transportation on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 24 calves was investigated by flow cytometry. Blood was collected before departure, on arrival, at 24h and 1 week after arrival. Highest leucocyte and neutrophil counts, associated with increased concentrations of cortisol and catecholamines, indicated that stress was maximal upon arrival. At this time, a decrease in the percentages of all T lymphocyte subsets was evident, while they did not decrease as absolute counts. The proportion of CD21(+) cells did not change, indicating that the relative reduction of T lymphocyte subsets was not related to an increase in B lymphocytes. These variations may be due to the increase of a natural killer (NK) cell subset. NK cell expansion, together with increasing lymphocyte count and increasing major histocompatibility complex class II expression, may indicate stress-induced stimulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Riondato
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università di Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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43
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Tarantola M, Matton M, Bellino C, Barbero G, Castell E, Dutto D. Does the application of directive 2001/93/EC improve pigs welfare and productive performances? Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tarantola
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed EcologiaUniversità di Torino, Italy
| | - M. Matton
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed EcologiaUniversità di Torino, Italy
| | - C. Bellino
- Dipartimento di Patologia AnimaleUniversità di Torino, Italy
| | - G. Barbero
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale 17/1 del Piemonte, Fossano, Italy
| | - E. Castell
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale 17/1 del Piemonte, Fossano, Italy
| | - D. Dutto
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale 17/1 del Piemonte, Fossano, Italy
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44
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D'Angelo A, Bellino C, Alborali GL, Borrelli A, Capucchio MT, Casalone C, Crescio MI, Mattalia GL, Jaggy A. Aortic thrombosis in three calves with Escherichia coli sepsis. J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20:1261-3. [PMID: 17063730 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[1261:atitcw]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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45
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D'Angelo A, Bellino C, Alborali GL, Borrelli A, Capucchio MT, Casalone C, Crescio MI, Mattalia GL, Jaggy A. Aortic Thrombosis in Three Calves withEscherichia coliSepsis. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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46
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Bergamasco L, Macchi E, Facello C, Badino P, Odore R, Pagliasso S, Bellino C, Osella M, Re G. Effects of brief maternal separation in kids on neurohormonal and electroencephalographic parameters. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Odore R, D'Angelo A, Badino P, Bellino C, Pagliasso S, Re G. Road transportation affects blood hormone levels and lymphocyte glucocorticoid and β-adrenergic receptor concentrations in calves. Vet J 2004; 168:297-303. [PMID: 15501147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of transportation on blood cortisol and catecholamine levels, lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) concentrations was investigated in calves. Blood samples were collected from 24 six-month-old calves before departure (T(0)), on arrival (T(1)), and at 24 h (T(2)) and one week (T(3)) after arrival. Animals were loaded and transported about 950 km, from the Midy-Pyrenes region (Cahors, France) to the Piedmont region (Italy), over a total of 14 h. Serum cortisol levels and plasma catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Lymphocyte GRs and beta-ARs were measured through binding assays. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in cortisol and catecholamine concentrations was observed immediately after transport. The increase in hormone levels at time T(1) was negatively correlated with lymphocyte GR and beta-AR concentrations. At times T(2) and T(3), blood cortisol and catecholamine levels and lymphocyte GRs and beta-ARs returned to normal. The results demonstrate the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the catecholaminergic system in long-term transported calves. However, these systems returned to normal within 24 h after the end of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Odore
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Animal Pathology, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy.
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