1
|
Powles T, Burotto M, Escudier B, Apolo AB, Bourlon MT, Shah AY, Suárez C, Porta C, Barrios CH, Richardet M, Gurney H, Kessler ER, Tomita Y, Bedke J, George S, Scheffold C, Wang P, Fedorov V, Motzer RJ, Choueiri TK. Nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended follow-up from the phase III randomised CheckMate 9ER trial. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102994. [PMID: 38642472 PMCID: PMC11046044 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nivolumab plus cabozantinib (NIVO + CABO) was approved for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) based on superiority versus sunitinib (SUN) in the phase III CheckMate 9ER trial (18.1 months median survival follow-up per database lock date); efficacy benefit was maintained with an extended 32.9 months of median survival follow-up. We report updated efficacy and safety after 44.0 months of median survival follow-up in intent-to-treat (ITT) patients and additional subgroup analyses, including outcomes by International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic risk score. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with treatment-naïve aRCC received NIVO 240 mg every 2 weeks plus CABO 40 mg once daily or SUN 50 mg for 4 weeks (6-week cycles), until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity (maximum NIVO treatment, 2 years). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) per blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) per BICR, and safety and tolerability. RESULTS Overall, 323 patients were randomised to NIVO + CABO and 328 to SUN. Median PFS was improved with NIVO + CABO versus SUN [16.6 versus 8.4 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.71]; median OS favoured NIVO + CABO versus SUN (49.5 versus 35.5 months; HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.56-0.87). ORR (95% CI) was higher with NIVO + CABO versus SUN [56% (50% to 62%) versus 28% (23% to 33%)]; 13% versus 5% of patients achieved complete response, and median duration of response was 22.1 months versus 16.1 months, respectively. PFS and OS favoured NIVO + CABO over SUN across intermediate, poor and intermediate/poor IMDC risk subgroups; higher ORR and complete response rates were seen with NIVO + CABO versus SUN regardless of IMDC risk subgroup. Any-grade (grade ≥3) treatment-related adverse events occurred in 97% (67%) versus 93% (55%) of patients treated with NIVO + CABO versus SUN. CONCLUSIONS After extended follow-up, NIVO + CABO maintained survival and response benefits; safety remained consistent with previous follow-ups. These results continue to support NIVO + CABO as a first-line treatment for aRCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03141177.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London; Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London, UK.
| | - M Burotto
- Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - A B Apolo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - M T Bourlon
- Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Y Shah
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - C Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C H Barrios
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Hospital São Lucas, PUCRS, Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Richardet
- Fundación Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncológico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - H Gurney
- Westmead Hospital and Macquarie University, Westmead and Sydney, Australia
| | - E R Kessler
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Y Tomita
- Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - J Bedke
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S George
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo
| | | | - P Wang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton
| | | | - R J Motzer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - T K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mesonero F, Zabana Y, Fernández-Clotet A, Leo-Carnerero E, Caballol B, Núñez-Ortiz A, García MJ, Bertoletti F, Mínguez A, Suris G, Casis B, Ferreiro-Iglesias R, Calafat M, Jiménez I, Miranda-Bautista J, Lamuela LJ, Fajardo I, Torrealba L, Nájera R, Sáiz-Chumillas RM, González I, Vicuña M, García-Morales N, Gutiérrez A, López-García A, Benítez JM, Rubín de Célix C, Tejido C, Brunet E, Hernández-Camba A, Suárez C, Rodríguez-Lago I, Piqueras M, Castaño A, Ramos L, Sobrino A, Rodríguez-Grau MC, Elosua A, Montoro M, Baltar R, Huguet JM, Hermida B, Caballero-Mateos A, Sánchez-Guillén L, Bouhmidi A, Pajares R, Baston-Rey I, López-Sanromán A, Albillos A, Barreiro-de Acosta M. Effectiveness and safety of azathioprine for inflammatory pouch disorders: results from the RESERVO study of GETECCU. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241234476. [PMID: 38445247 PMCID: PMC10913517 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241234476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The usefulness of thiopurines has been poorly explored in pouchitis and other pouch disorders. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of azathioprine as maintenance therapy in inflammatory pouch disorders. Design This was a retrospective and multicentre study. Methods We included patients diagnosed with inflammatory pouch disorders treated with azathioprine in monotherapy. Effectiveness was evaluated at 1 year and in the long term based on normalization of stool frequency, absence of pain, faecal urgency or fistula discharge (clinical remission), or any improvement in these symptoms (clinical response). Endoscopic response was evaluated using the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI). Results In all, 63 patients were included [54% males; median age, 49 (28-77) years]. The therapy was used to treat pouchitis (n = 37) or Crohn's disease of the pouch (n = 26). The rate of clinical response, remission and non-response at 12 months were 52%, 30% and 18%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 23 months (interquartile range 11-55), 19 patients (30%) were in clinical remission, and 45 (66%) stopped therapy. Endoscopic changes were evaluated in 19 cases. PDAI score decreased from 3 (range 2-4) to 1 (range 0-3). In all, 21 patients (33%) presented adverse events and 16 (25%) needed to stop therapy. Conclusion Azathioprine may be effective in the long term for the treatment of inflammatory pouch disorders and could be included as a therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mesonero
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Cra. Colmenar km 9.1, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Yamile Zabana
- Hospital Universitario Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Fernández-Clotet
- Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Berta Caballol
- Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María José García
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Gerard Suris
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Casis
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margalida Calafat
- Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Itxaso Jiménez
- Hospital Universitario de Galdakao, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Galdakao, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Hospital General Universitario Alicante Doctor Balmis (Alicante), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia López-García
- Hospital del Mar i Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Rubín de Célix
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Tejido
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Eduard Brunet
- Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Rodríguez-Lago
- Hospital Universitario de Galdakao, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Galdakao, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Ramos
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz, Spain
| | - Ana Sobrino
- Hospital General Universitario Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Baltar
- Hospital Universitario Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramón Pajares
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Iria Baston-Rey
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiménez N, Garcia de Herreros M, Reig Ò, Marín-Aguilera M, Aversa C, Ferrer-Mileo L, García-Esteve S, Rodríguez-Carunchio L, Trias I, Font A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Climent MÁ, Cros S, Chirivella I, Domènech M, Figols M, Carles J, Suárez C, Herrero Rivera D, González-Billalabeitia E, Cívico C, Sala-González N, Ruiz de Porras V, Ribal MJ, Prat A, Mellado B. Development and Independent Validation of a Prognostic Gene Expression Signature Based on RB1, PTEN, and TP53 in Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients. Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(24)00025-7. [PMID: 38429210 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with docetaxel (D) and/or antiandrogen receptor therapies (ARTs) are the standard therapies in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Alterations in the tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) RB1, PTEN, and TP53 are associated with an aggressive evolution and treatment resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). OBJECTIVE To study the clinical implications of TSG mRNA expression in mHSPC patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a multicenter retrospective biomarker study in mHSPC patients. TSGlow status was defined when two or more out of the three TSGs presented low RNA expression by nCounter in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and TSGwt for the remaining cases. The microarray data from the CHAARTED trial were analyzed as an independent validation cohort. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Molecular data were correlated with CRPC-free survival (CRPC-FS) and overall survival (OS) by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 226 patients were included, of whom 218 were eligible: 93 were treated with ADT and 125 with ADT + D; 75.7% presented de novo stage IV and 67.9% high-volume disease. TSGlow (19.2%) was independently correlated with shorter CRPC-FS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, p = 0.002) and OS (HR 2, p = 0.002). In the CHAARTED trial, TSGlow was independently correlated with lower CRPC-FS (HR 2.2, p = 0.02); no differences in clinical outcomes according to treatment were observed in TSGlow patients, while a significant benefit was observed for ADT + D in the TSGwt group for CRPC-FS (HR 0.4, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 0.4, p = 0.001). However, no interaction was observed between TSG signature and treatment in either series. Study limitations are the retrospective design, small sample size, and lack of inclusion of patients treated with ADT + ART. CONCLUSIONS TSGlow expression correlates with adverse outcomes in patients with mHSPC. The investigation of new therapeutic strategies in these patients is warranted. PATIENT SUMMARY The low RNA expression of tumor suppressor genes in the tumors is correlated with adverse outcomes in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jiménez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia de Herreros
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Reig
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín-Aguilera
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caterina Aversa
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer-Mileo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel García-Esteve
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez-Carunchio
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Trias
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Font
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Climent
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Cros
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Domènech
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundació Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Spain
| | - Mariona Figols
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundació Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Claudia Cívico
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Institut Català d'Oncologia - Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria J Ribal
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Mellado
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nuvola G, Mollica V, Massari F, Suárez C. The future of immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: beyond PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1429-1433. [PMID: 37718694 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nuvola
- Medical Oncology, SCIAS Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morales-Barrera R, Villacampa G, Vidal N, Figols M, Giner J, Bonfill T, Suárez C, Díaz N, Mateo J, González M, Domenech M, Puente J, Carles J. Prevalence of immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy in advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma following immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3556-3564. [PMID: 37217634 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the prevalence of immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy in advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma following immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment. METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of patients with advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with ICIs in four Spanish institutions. irAEs were classified using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) v.5.0 guidelines. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Other endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). irAEs were evaluated as a time-dependent covariate to avoid immortal time bias. RESULTS A total of 114 patients were treated with ICIs between May 2013 and May 2019, 105 (92%) of whom received ICIs as monotherapy. irAEs of any grade were experienced in 56 (49%) patients and 21 (18%) patients had grade ≥ 3 toxicity. The most frequent irAEs were gastrointestinal and dermatological toxicities, reported in 25 (22%) and 20 (17%) patients, respectively. Patients with grade 1-2 irAEs had significantly longer OS compared to those without grade 1-2 irAEs (median 18.2 vs. 8.7 months, HR = 0.61 [95% CI 0.39-0.95], p = 0.03). No association with efficacy was observed for patients with grade ≥ 3 irAEs. No difference in PFS was observed after adjusting for the immortal time bias. ORR was higher in patients who developed irAEs (48% vs 17%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that development of irAEs was associated with higher ORR, and patients who developed grade 1-2 irAEs had longer OS. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Morales-Barrera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Villacampa
- Oncology Data Science (OdysSey) Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Natalia Vidal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Figols
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundació Althaia Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Julia Giner
- Medical Oncology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Teresa Bonfill
- Medical Oncology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nely Díaz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Mateo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Macarena González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Puente
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alonso-Alonso S, Vázquez N, Chacón M, Caballero-Sánchez N, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Suárez C, Alfonso-Bartolozzi B, Fernández-Vega-Cueto L, Nagy L, Merayo-Lloves J, Meana A. An effective method for culturing functional human corneal endothelial cells using a xenogeneic free culture medium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19492. [PMID: 37945668 PMCID: PMC10636196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a leading cause of corneal blindness in developed countries and the only available treatment is the endothelial transplantation. However, the limited availability of suitable donors remains a significant challenge, driving the exploration of alternative regenerative therapies. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products show promise but must adhere to strict regulations that prohibit the use of animal-derived substances. This study investigates a novel culture methodology using Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) as the only source of growth factors for primary cultures of human corneal endothelial cells (CECs). CECs were obtained from discarded corneas or endothelial rings and cultured in two different media: one supplemented with xenogeneic factors and other xenogeneic-free, using PRGF. Comprehensive characterization through immunofluorescence, morphological analyses, trans-endothelial electrical resistance measurements, RNA-seq, and qPCR was conducted on the two groups. Results demonstrate that CECs cultured in the xenogeneic-free medium exhibit comparable gene expression, morphology, and functionality to those cultured in the xenogeneic medium. Notably, PRGF-expanded CECs share 46.9% of the gene expression profile with native endothelium and express all studied endothelial markers. In conclusion, PRGF provides an effective source of xenogeneic-free growth factors for the culture of CECs from discarded corneal tissue. Further studies will be necessary to demonstrate the applicability of these cultures to cell therapies that make clinical translation possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alonso-Alonso
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - N Vázquez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - M Chacón
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - N Caballero-Sánchez
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immunobiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - S Del Olmo-Aguado
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - C Suárez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - B Alfonso-Bartolozzi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega. Avenida Doctores Fernández-Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - L Fernández-Vega-Cueto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega. Avenida Doctores Fernández-Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - L Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Department of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 6Th Ave S, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - J Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Meana
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Unidad de Ingeniería Tisular, Centro Comunitario Sangre y Tejidos de Asturias (CCST), Unidad 714 CIBERER, Calle Emilio Rodríguez Vigil, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pal SK, Albiges L, Tomczak P, Suárez C, Voss MH, de Velasco G, Chahoud J, Mochalova A, Procopio G, Mahammedi H, Zengerling F, Kim C, Osawa T, Angel M, Gupta S, Khan O, Bergthold G, Liu B, Kalaitzidou M, Huseni M, Scheffold C, Powles T, Choueiri TK. Atezolizumab plus cabozantinib versus cabozantinib monotherapy for patients with renal cell carcinoma after progression with previous immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (CONTACT-03): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2023; 402:185-195. [PMID: 37290461 PMCID: PMC11017728 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the standard of care for first-line treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, yet optimised treatment of patients whose disease progresses after these therapies is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether adding atezolizumab to cabozantinib delayed disease progression and prolonged survival in patients with disease progression on or after previous immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. METHODS CONTACT-03 was a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, done in 135 study sites in 15 countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Patients aged 18 years or older with locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma whose disease had progressed with immune checkpoint inhibitors were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive atezolizumab (1200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks) plus cabozantinib (60 mg orally once daily) or cabozantinib alone. Randomisation was done through an interactive voice-response or web-response system in permuted blocks (block size four) and stratified by International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk group, line of previous immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and renal cell carcinoma histology. The two primary endpoints were progression-free survival per blinded independent central review and overall survival. The primary endpoints were assessed in the intention-to-treat population and safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04338269, and is closed to further accrual. FINDINGS From July 28, 2020, to Dec 27, 2021, 692 patients were screened for eligibility, 522 of whom were assigned to receive atezolizumab-cabozantinib (263 patients) or cabozantinib (259 patients). 401 (77%) patients were male and 121 (23%) patients were female. At data cutoff (Jan 3, 2023), median follow-up was 15·2 months (IQR 10·7-19·3). 171 (65%) patients receiving atezolizumab-cabozantinib and 166 (64%) patients receiving cabozantinib had disease progression per central review or died. Median progression-free survival was 10·6 months (95% CI 9·8-12·3) with atezolizumab-cabozantinib and 10·8 months (10·0-12·5) with cabozantinib (hazard ratio [HR] for disease progression or death 1·03 [95% CI 0·83-1·28]; p=0·78). 89 (34%) patients in the atezolizumab-cabozantinib group and 87 (34%) in the cabozantinib group died. Median overall survival was 25·7 months (95% CI 21·5-not evaluable) with atezolizumab-cabozantinib and was not evaluable (21·1-not evaluable) with cabozantinib (HR for death 0·94 [95% CI 0·70-1·27]; p=0·69). Serious adverse events occurred in 126 (48%) of 262 patients treated with atezolizumab-cabozantinib and 84 (33%) of 256 patients treated with cabozantinib; adverse events leading to death occurred in 17 (6%) patients in the atezolizumab-cabozantinib group and nine (4%) in the cabozantinib group. INTERPRETATION The addition of atezolizumab to cabozantinib did not improve clinical outcomes and led to increased toxicity. These results should discourage sequential use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with renal cell carcinoma outside of clinical trials. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche and Exelixis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Piotr Tomczak
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin H Voss
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anastasia Mochalova
- Department of Chemotherapy, Clinical Hospital Number 1 MEDSI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Hakim Mahammedi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jean Perrin Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Chan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Takahiro Osawa
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Martín Angel
- Department of Genitourinary Cancer, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Bo Liu
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suárez C, Vieito M, Valdivia A, González M, Carles J. Selective HIF2A Inhibitors in the Management of Clear Cell Renal Cancer and Von Hippel-Lindau-Disease-Associated Tumors. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:46. [PMID: 37489462 PMCID: PMC10366718 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) loss is the hallmark event characterizing the clear cell renal cancer subtype (ccRCC). Carriers of germinal VHL mutations have an increased prevalence of kidney cysts and ccRCC as well as hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In both sporadic and inherited ccRCC, the primary mechanism of VHL-mediated carcinogenesis is the abnormal stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF1A and HIF2A). While HIF1A acts as a tumor suppressor and is frequently lost through inactivating mutations/14q chromosome deletions, HIF2A acts as an oncogene promoting the expression of its target genes (VEGF, PDGF, CAIX Oct4, among others). Selective HIF2a inhibitors block the heterodimerization between HIF2A and ARNT, stopping HIF2A-induced transcription. Several HIF2A inhibitors have entered clinical trials, where they have shown a favorable toxicity profile, characterized by anemia, fatigue and edema and promising activity in heavily pretreated ccRCC patients. Belzutifan, a second-generation HIF2a inhibitor, was the first to receive FDA approval for the treatment of unresectable ccRCC in VHL syndrome. In this review, we recapitulate the rationale for HIF2a blockade in ccRCC, summarize the development of HIF2a inhibitors from preclinical models up to its introduction to the clinic with emphasis on Belzutifan, and discuss their role in VHL disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vieito
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Augusto Valdivia
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena González
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McGregor B, Geynisman DM, Burotto M, Suárez C, Bourlon MT, Barata PC, Gulati S, Huo S, Ejzykowicz F, Blum SI, Del Tejo V, Hamilton M, May JR, Du EX, Wu A, Kral P, Ivanescu C, Chin A, Betts KA, Lee CH, Choueiri TK, Cella D, Porta C. A Matching-adjusted Indirect Comparison of Nivolumab Plus Cabozantinib Versus Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol Oncol 2023; 6:339-348. [PMID: 36842942 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative efficacy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes of nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus pembrolizumab plus axitinib as first-line treatments for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) have not been assessed in head-to-head trials. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and HRQoL outcomes of nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus pembrolizumab plus axitinib. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Patient-level data for nivolumab plus cabozantinib from the CheckMate 9ER trial and published data for pembrolizumab plus axitinib from the KEYNOTE-426 trial were used. CheckMate 9ER data were reweighted to match the key baseline characteristics as reported in KEYNOTE-426. INTERVENTION Nivolumab (240 mg every 2 wk) plus cabozantinib (40 mg once daily) and pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 wk) plus axitinib (5 mg twice daily, initially). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, overall survival (OS), and deterioration in HRQoL were assessed using weighted Cox proportional-hazard models, with sunitinib as a common anchor. Objective response rates (ORRs) and changes in HRQoL scores from baseline were assessed as difference-in-differences for the two treatments relative to sunitinib. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS After balancing patient characteristics between the trials, nivolumab plus cabozantinib was associated with significantly improved PFS (HR [95% confidence interval {CI}] 0.70 [0.53-0.93]; p = 0.01) and a significantly decreased risk of confirmed deterioration in HRQoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Symptom Index-Disease-related Symptoms: HR [95% CI] 0.48 [0.34-0.69]) versus pembrolizumab plus axitinib. OS was similar between treatments (HR [95% CI] 0.99 [0.67-1.44]; p = 0.94). Nivolumab plus cabozantinib was associated with numerically greater ORRs (difference-in-difference [95% CI] 8.4% [-1.7 to 18.4]; p = 0.10) and longer duration of response (HR [95% CI] 0.79 [0.47-1.31]; p = 0.36) than pembrolizumab plus axitinib. Comparative studies using data with a longer duration of follow-up are warranted. CONCLUSIONS Nivolumab plus cabozantinib significantly improved PFS and HRQoL compared with pembrolizumab plus axitinib as first-line treatment for aRCC. PATIENT SUMMARY This study was conducted to indirectly compare the results of two immunotherapy-based combinations-nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus pembrolizumab plus axitinib-for patients who have not received any treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Patients who received nivolumab plus cabozantinib had a significant improvement in the length of time without worsening of their disease and in their perceived physical and mental health compared with pembrolizumab plus axitinib; patients remained alive for a similar length of time from the start of either treatment. This analysis further adds to our current knowledge of the relative benefits of these two treatment regimens and will help with physician and patient treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley McGregor
- The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Geynisman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Bourlon
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Huo
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research US Market, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Flavia Ejzykowicz
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research US Market, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Steven I Blum
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research US Market, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Melissa Hamilton
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research US Market, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica R May
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research Markets, Bristol Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ella X Du
- Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aozhou Wu
- Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pavol Kral
- Patient Centered Solutions, IQVIA, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Andi Chin
- Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Chung-Han Lee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Camillo Porta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suárez C, Larkin JMG, Patel P, Valderrama BP, Rodriguez-Vida A, Glen H, Thistlethwaite F, Ralph C, Srinivasan G, Mendez-Vidal MJ, Hartmaier R, Markovets A, Prendergast A, Szabados B, Mousa K, Powles T. Phase II Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Savolitinib and Durvalumab in Metastatic Papillary Renal Cancer (CALYPSO). J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2493-2502. [PMID: 36809050 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic papillary renal cancer (PRC) has poor outcomes, and new treatments are required. There is a strong rationale for investigating mesenchymal epithelial transition receptor (MET) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibition in this disease. In this study, the combination of savolitinib (MET inhibitor) and durvalumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) is investigated. METHODS This single-arm phase II trial explored durvalumab (1,500 mg once every four weeks) and savolitinib (600 mg once daily; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02819596). Treatment-naïve or previously treated patients with metastatic PRC were included. A confirmed response rate (cRR) of > 50% was the primary end point. Progression-free survival, tolerability, and overall survival were secondary end points. Biomarkers were explored from archived tissue (MET-driven status). RESULTS Forty-one patients treated with advanced PRC were enrolled into this study and received at least one dose of study treatment. The majority of patients had Heng intermediate risk score (n = 26 [63%]). The cRR was 29% (n = 12; 95% CI, 16 to 46), and the trial therefore missed the primary end point. The cRR increased to 53% (95% CI, 28 to 77) in MET-driven patients (n/N = 9/27) and was 33% (95% CI, 17 to 54) in PD-L1-positive tumors (n/N = 9/27). The median progression-free survival was 4.9 months (95% CI, 2.5 to 10.0) in the treated population and 12.0 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 19.4) in MET-driven patients. The median overall survival was 14.1 months (95% CI, 7.3 to 30.7) in the treated population and 27.4 months (95% CI, 9.3 to not reached [NR]) in MET-driven patients. Grade 3 and above treatment related adverse events occurred in 17 (41%) patients. There was 1 grade 5 treatment-related adverse event (cerebral infarction). CONCLUSION The combination of savolitinib and durvalumab was tolerable and associated with high cRRs in the exploratory MET-driven subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Poulam Patel
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hilary Glen
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Thistlethwaite
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christy Ralph
- St. James's Institute of Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ryan Hartmaier
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Aaron Prendergast
- Barts ECMC, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadett Szabados
- Barts ECMC, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Mousa
- Barts ECMC, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts ECMC, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burotto M, Powles T, Escudier B, Apolo AB, Bourlon MT, Shah AY, Suárez C, Porta C, Barrios CH, Richardet M, Gurney H, Kessler ER, Tomita Y, Bedke J, George S, Scheffold C, Wang P, Fedorov V, Motzer RJ, Choueiri TK. Nivolumab plus cabozantinib vs sunitinib for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC): 3-year follow-up from the phase 3 CheckMate 9ER trial. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
603 Background: First-line nivolumab plus cabozantinib (N+C) demonstrated superiority over sunitinib (S) with 25.4 mo minimum follow-up (median, 32.9 mo) in patients (pts) with aRCC in the CheckMate 9ER trial. Here, we report survival, response per blinded independent central review (BICR), and safety after 3 y minimum follow-up in all randomized pts and by IMDC risk score. Methods: Pts were randomized 1:1 (stratified by IMDC risk score, tumor PD-L1 expression, region) to N 240 mg flat dose IV Q2W + C 40 mg PO QD vs SUN 50 mg PO for 4 wk (6-wk cycles) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (max N treatment, 2 y). Primary endpoint: progression-free survival (PFS) by BICR. Secondary endpoints: overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) by BICR, and safety. Results: In total, 323 pts were randomized to N+C and 328 to S. With 36.5 mo minimum follow-up (median, 44.0 mo), PFS and OS benefits were maintained with N+C vs S in intent-to-treat pts. Median PFS was 16.6 vs 8.4 mo (HR 0.58 [95% CI 0.48–0.71], P < 0.0001) and median OS was 49.5 vs 35.5 mo (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.56–0.87], P = 0.0014). ORR (95% CI) was higher with N+C vs S (56% [50–61] vs 28% [24–34]), and 12% vs 5% of pts achieved complete response (CR), respectively. Median duration of response was 23.1 vs 15.2 mo for N+C vs S. PFS, OS, and response are reported across prespecified IMDC risk groups in the table. Any-grade treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 97% vs 93% of pts treated with N+C vs S (grade ≥ 3 TRAE, 67% vs 55%). TRAEs led to discontinuation of C only in 10% of pts, N only in 10% of pts, N+C in 7% of pts, N or C in 28% of pts, and S in 11% of pts. Conclusions: After 3 y minimum follow-up, survival and response benefits were maintained with N+C and remained consistent with previous follow-ups. Median OS with N+C improved by 11.8 mo since the previous data cut. Responses with N+C were durable, with higher CR rates with N+C vs S regardless of IMDC risk group. No new safety signals emerged with additional follow-up in either arm. These results continue to support N+C as a first-line treatment for pts with aRCC. Clinical trial information: NCT03141177 . [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Centre, London, UK; The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea B. Apolo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria Teresa Bourlon
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Martin Richardet
- Fundación Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Howard Gurney
- Westmead Hospital and Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jens Bedke
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saby George
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choueiri TK, Bedke J, Karam JA, McKay RR, Motzer RJ, Pal SM, Suárez C, Uzzo R, Liu H, Burgents JE, Sharma M, Powles T. Phase 3 LITESPARK-022: Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor belzutifan as adjuvant treatment for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.tps748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TPS748 Background: Treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor pembro produced significant improvement in disease-free survival after surgery for patients (pts) with ccRCC in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-564 trial. Based on these results, pembro was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for adjuvant treatment of pts with RCC at increased risk of recurrence following nephrectomy or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. Despite advances in the treatment landscape for RCC, more effective adjuvant treatment strategies are needed for pts at risk of recurrence after surgery. HIF-2α is an established oncogenic driver in ccRCC, and promising antitumor activity in advanced ccRCC and von Hippel-Lindau disease–associated RCC has been demonstrated with the HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan. The multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 LITESPARK-022 study (NCT05239728) will evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembro plus belzutifan compared with placebo plus pembro as adjuvant treatment following nephrectomy in pts with ccRCC. Methods: Key eligibility criteria include adults with histologically or cytologically confirmed intermediate-high risk, high risk, or M1 with no evidence of disease (NED) RCC with a clear cell component; pts with no prior systemic therapy, nephrectomy, and/or metastasectomy ≤12 weeks before randomization; and pts who are tumor free per computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Approximately 1600 pts will be randomly assigned to receive belzutifan 120 mg orally once daily plus pembro 400 mg intravenously (IV) every 6 weeks (Q6W) for ≤9 administrations (~54 weeks) or oral placebo plus pembro 400 mg IV Q6W for ≤9 administrations (~54 weeks) or until verified disease recurrence by blinded independent central review, start of new anticancer treatment, unacceptable toxicity, or decision to withdraw. Stratification factors are tumor grade (1 or 2 vs 3 or 4) and risk type (intermediate-high risk versus high risk versus M1 NED). Pts will be radiologically evaluated Q12W from randomization through year 2, Q16W in years 3 to 5, and Q24W in years 6 and beyond. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study and for 30 days following cessation of study treatment (90 days for serious adverse events). The primary end point is disease-free survival. Secondary end points include overall survival, safety, disease recurrence–specific survival, and patient-reported outcomes. Recruitment is underway in Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. © 2022 American Society of Clinical Oncology, Inc. Reused with permission. This abstract was accepted and previously presented at the 2022 ASCO Annual Meeting. All rights reserved. Clinical trial information: NCT05239728 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni K. Choueiri
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jens Bedke
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jose A. Karam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Uzzo
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Health NHS Trust and the Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reig Torras O, Jiménez N, Garcia de Herreros M, Aversa C, Marin M, Ferrer L, Rodriguez-Carunchio L, Trias I, Fernandez-Mañas L, García-Esteve S, Font Pous A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Domenech-Santasusana M, Figols M, Climent MÁ, Cros Costa S, Chirivella I, Herrero Rivera D, Suárez C, Mellado-Gonzalez B. Development and validation of a gene expression signature based on RB1, PTEN,and TP53 in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
236 Background: Alterations on the tumor suppressor genes (TSG) RB1, PTEN and TP53 are associated with treatment resistance and aggressive clinical evolution of prostate cancer patients (pts). We developed and assessed the role of a TSG gene expression signature in mHSPC pts. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective biomarker study in mHSPC pts receiving different therapies. RB1, PTEN and TP53 mutations were assessed by targeted sequencing and its gene expression was determined by the nCounter platform in FFPE tumor samples. Normalized and transformed (z-score) expression data of a training cohort was used to establish the cut-off for RB1, PTEN and TP53 expression, those cut-offs were then applied to the other cohorts. TSGlow was considered when ≥2 out of 3 TSG presented low expression, and TSGwt in the remaining cases. TSG signature was correlated with castration resistance-free survival (CRPC-FS) (primary endpoint) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan Meier and multivariate Cox analysis. Results: Overall, 297 pts (baseline characteristics are shown) were included: 125 treated with ADT+Docetaxel (ADT+D) (54 and 71 in training and validation cohorts, respectively), 93 with ADT, and 79 with ADT+Abiraterone or Enzalutamide (ADT+A/E). Training cohort pts were tested for both, gene expression and targeted sequencing of TSG. Pts with low expression of PTEN showed higher frequency of PTEN mutations (p<0.05). TSGlow (14 (25.9%) out of 54 pts) had a worse CRPC-FS (14.3 vs. 21.7 months (m); HR 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1 - 4.4), p=0.022). In the validation cohort, 7 (9.9%) pts were TSGlow and had a worse CPRC-FS (11.7 vs. 20 m, HR 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1 - 5.5), p=0.027) and OS (27.6 vs 58.1 m, HR 3.5 (95% CI, 1.3 - 9.5) p=0.012). TSGlow signature was independently associated with CPRC-FS (HR 2.66 (95% CI, 1.17 - 6.06), p=0.02) and OS (HR 3.67 (95% CI, 1.33 - 10.10), p=0.012). In the ADT and ADT+A/E cohorts, 20 (21.5%) and 14 (17.7%) pts were TSGlow, respectively. TSGlow was not predictive of either CRPC-FS (p=0.23 and p=0.242, respectively) or OS (p=0.091 and p=0.66, respectively). We analyzed together high-volume pts from both ADT+D and ADT cohorts. TSGlow pts (16, 10.74%) treated with ADT+D had a CRPC-FS (13.6 m) similar to pts treated with ADT (TSGlow = 14.5 m and TSGwt = 12.8 m). Moreover, TSGwt pts treated with ADT+D had a better CRPC-FS (19.3m) (p=0.022) and OS (ADT/TSGlow = 31.7 m, ADT/TSGwt = 38.6 m, ADT+D/TSGlow = 31.5 m, ADT+D/TSGwt = 52.2 m, p=0.07). Conclusions: A TSG gene expression signature is predictive of taxanes benefit in mHSPC pts and may be useful to personalize the treatment in this setting. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Reig Torras
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Caterina Aversa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marin
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel García-Esteve
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Font Pous
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona-Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (Badalona), Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Cros Costa
- Hospital General de Granollers, L'hospitalet De Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Powles T, Motzer RJ, Albiges L, Suárez C, Schutz FAB, Heng DYC, Chevreau C, Kanesvaran R, Gurney H, Wang F, Mataveli F, Chang YL, van Kooten Losio M, Choueiri TK. Outcomes by IMDC risk in the COSMIC-313 phase 3 trial evaluating cabozantinib (C) plus nivolumab (N) and ipilimumab (I) in first-line advanced RCC (aRCC) of IMDC intermediate or poor risk. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
605 Background: In COSMIC-313 (NCT03937219), C+N+I significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with N+I in first-line aRCC of IMDC intermediate or poor risk (Choueiri ESMO 2022). Here, outcomes are analyzed by IMDC risk group. Methods: A total of 855 patients (pts) with clear cell aRCC of IMDC intermediate or poor risk were randomized to receive C 40 mg QD or matched placebo (P), stratified by region and IMDC risk. Both treatment groups received N (3 mg/kg IV Q3W) + I (1 mg/kg IV Q3W) for 4 cycles followed by N (480 mg IV Q4W); N was administered for up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was PFS by blinded independent radiology review (BIRC) per RECIST 1.1 in the first 550 randomized pts (PITT population). The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in all randomized pts; objective response rate (ORR) and safety were additional endpoints. Results: Overall, 75% of pts were IMDC intermediate and 25% were poor risk. Meaningful differences in baseline characteristics for intermediate vs poor risk in the PITT population were observed for KPS ≥90 (67% vs 47%), prior nephrectomy (71% vs 44%), and ≥2 target/non-target lesions per BIRC (68% vs 83%); characteristics were balanced across treatment arms for intermediate risk but some imbalances were seen for poor risk (42% for C+N+I vs 52% for P+N+I had KPS ≥90 and 37% vs 50% had prior nephrectomy). In intermediate risk pts, PFS was improved with C+N+I (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.85), and ORR and DCR (PITT population) were numerically higher (Table). For poor risk pts, no difference in PFS and ORR was apparent, but DCR was numerically higher with C+N+I. PD as best response was lower with C+N+I vs P+N+I in both risk groups. Duration of response was not reached (NR) in each treatment group. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 74% with C+N+I vs 42% with P+N+I for intermediate risk and 67% vs 38% for poor risk. TRAEs led to discontinuation of all treatment components in 14% vs 5% for intermediate risk and 5% vs 4% for poor risk. Additional analyses relevant to IMDC risk group will be presented. Conclusions: In COSMIC-313, C+N+I improved PFS vs P+N+I in first-line aRCC of IMDC intermediate or poor risk; subgroup analysis suggested that the benefit was primarily in intermediate risk pts. Follow-up for OS is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03937219 . [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laurence Albiges
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio A. B. Schutz
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Beneficência Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jackson-Spence F, Ackerman C, Szabados B, Toms C, Jovaisaite A, Gunnell R, Suárez C, Larkin J, Patel P, Valderrama BP, Rodriguez-Vida A, Glen H, Thistlethwaite FC, Ralph C, Srinivasan G, Mendez-Vidal MJ, Markovets A, Hartmaier RJ, Powles T. DNA alterations in papillary renal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
725 Background: The characterisation of DNA alternations in papillary renal cancer (PRC) is unclear. The CALYPSO trial (NCT02819596) prospectively evaluated combination therapy of savolitinib (MET inhibitor) and durvalumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) in PRC. The trial showed high response rates (RR) in the MET-driven population. Here we explore the relationship between MET, PD-L1 and TMB in these tumours and the relevance of other biomarkers including PIK3CA, PTEN and KRAS. Methods: FoundationOne analysis from 41 samples of PRC patients enrolled on the CALYPSO trial was performed. The relevance of co-positivity between MET/PD-L1 and MET/TMB as well as analysis of other DNA alterations such as PIK3CA, PTEN and KRAS was explored. Outcome parameters were correlated with RR, PFS and OS. Results: 41% of patients were MET-driven, 66% were PD-L1+ (vCPS≥1) and 3% were TMB >10mut/Mb. Further testing used TMB ≥ median (2.52mut/Mb) 32% of patients were both MET-driven and PD-L1+. 17% of patients were both MET-driven and TMB ≥ median. RR and survival outcomes for combinations are shown in the table. The overall RR in MET driven and non-MET-driven patients was 52.9% and 13%, respectively. The median PFS and OS in the MET-driven group was 12.0 months (95% CI: 2.9-19.4) and 27.4 months (95% CI: 9.3-not reached [NR]), respectively, compared to a median PFS and OS in the non-MET-driven group of 2.7 months (95% CI: 0.5-5.0) and 7.5 months (95% CI: 0.0-16.0), respectively. PIK3CA, PTEN and KRAS mutations occurred in 1, 4 and 2 patients, with RR of 0% (0/1), 25% (1/4) and 50% (1/2), in the PIK3CA, PTEN and KRAS groups, respectively. Conclusions: MET-driven papillary cancers have low mutational burden, but high PD-L1 expression. Small patient numbers limit definitive conclusions, but responses occur irrespective of the immune biomarkers investigated. Other DNA alterations are rare and did not appear to influence outcomes in this cohort. These data support the design of the SAMETA trial (NCT05043090), further investigating the savolitinib and durvalumab combination. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernadett Szabados
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - James Larkin
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Poulam Patel
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hilary Glen
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McGregor BA, Agarwal N, Suárez C, Tsao K, Kelly WK, Pagliaro LC, Vaishampayan UN, Castellano D, Loriot Y, Xu F, Andrianova L, Sudhagoni R, Choueiri TK, Pal SM. Cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab in non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Extended follow-up results of cohort 10 of the COSMIC-021 study. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
684 Background: In the COSMIC-021 phase 1b study (NCT03170960) evaluating cabozantinib plus atezolizumab in advanced solid tumors, this combination therapy demonstrated encouraging clinical activity in patients with advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) with a median follow-up of 13 mo (Pal. JCO 2021). Results after extended follow-up in nccRCC are presented. Methods: Patients with advanced nccRCC and ECOG PS 0/1 who had ≤1 prior VEGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) were eligible. Prior treatment with TKIs targeting MET or immune checkpoint inhibitors was not allowed. Patients received cabozantinib 40 mg PO QD plus atezolizumab 1200 mg IV Q3W until unacceptable toxicity or progression; dose reductions of cabozantinib (40 mg QD to 20 mg QD, then to 20 mg QOD) were permitted to manage adverse events. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by the investigator; other endpoints included safety, duration of response (DOR), PFS, and OS. Results: The study enrolled 32 patients with nccRCC (2 from dose escalation phase, and 30 from expansion phase of the study): median age, 62 y; male, 81%; ECOG PS 0/1, 75%/25%; histology, papillary/chromophobe/clear cell/other, 47%/28%/3%/22%; sarcomatoid feature, 13%; IMDC risk favorable/intermediate/poor, 50%/41%/9%; ≥3 tumor sites, 56%; tumor sites, lung/kidney/bone/liver, 50%/25%/16%/16%; prior nephrectomy, 63%; prior VEGFR TKI, 22%; 0/1 lines of prior therapy (locally advanced/metastatic setting), 81%/19%. As of July 21, 2022, median follow-up was 37.2 mo (range 32.1–58.5) with 5 (16%) patients remaining on study treatment. ORR by investigator was 31% (all PRs) and disease control rate was 94% (Table); median DOR was 8.1 mo. Median PFS was 9.3 mo (95% CI 5.5–12.3), and median OS was not reached (95% CI 23.0–NE). PFS and OS estimates at 12 mo were 34% and 84%, respectively; 24-mo estimates were 6% and 70%. Treatment-related AEs occurred in 97% (grade 3/4, 53%); the most common AEs included diarrhea (69%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (50%), fatigue (44%), dysgeusia (41%), hypertension (31%) and nausea (31%). One grade 5 treatment-related AE of pulmonary hemorrhage occurred. Treatment-related AEs leading to discontinuation of both study treatments occurred in 13% of patients. Conclusions: Extended 3-year follow-up reinforces the encouraging clinical activity of cabozantinib plus atezolizumab in advanced nccRCC with a manageable safety profile. Clinical trial information: NCT03170960 . [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kai Tsao
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, INSERM 981, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barrera C, Coloma A, Sinues B, Moreno M, Pinazo I, Gómez-Acebo M, Herranz L, Jiménez M, Suárez C, Garrido P, Fernández-Arjona M. Female urethroplasty for the treatment of urethral stricture, which surgical option to choose? About two cases: oral mucosal graft and vaginal mucosal flap. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
18
|
Choueiri TK, Porta C, Suárez C, Hainsworth J, Voog E, Duran I, Reeves J, Czaykowski P, Castellano D, Chen J, Sedarati F, Powles T. Randomized Phase II Trial of Sapanisertib ± TAK-117 vs. Everolimus in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After VEGF-Targeted Therapy. Oncologist 2022; 27:1048-1057. [PMID: 36146944 PMCID: PMC9732228 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sapanisertib, a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, may offer more complete inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway than mTORC1 inhibitors, such as everolimus. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of single-agent sapanisertib and sapanisertib plus the PI3Kα inhibitor TAK-117, vs. everolimus in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that had progressed on or after VEGF-targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed, advanced ccRCC were randomized 1:1:1 to receive single-agent everolimus 10 mg once daily, single-agent sapanisertib 30 mg once weekly, or sapanisertib 4 mg plus TAK-117 200 mg, both once daily for 3 days/week, in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Ninety-five patients were treated with everolimus or sapanisertib (n = 32 each), or sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (n = 31). There were no significant differences in PFS among the 3 groups or across any subgroups. Median PFS was 3.8 months with everolimus vs. 3.6 months with sapanisertib (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.75-2.36), and 3.1 months with sapanisertib plus TAK-117 (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.75-2.52). No significant differences in overall survival were seen among groups. Overall response rate was 16.7%, 0%, and 7.1%, respectively. Discontinuations due to treatment-emergent adverse events were 15.6%, 28.1%, and 29.0%. CONCLUSION Sapanisertib with or without TAK-117 was less tolerable and did not improve efficacy vs. everolimus in patients with advanced ccRCC who had relapsed after or were refractory to VEGF-targeted therapies. Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition may not be an effective therapeutic approach for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni K Choueiri
- Corresponding author: Toni K. Choueiri, MD, Jerome and Nancy Kohlberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel: +1 617 632 3000;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Present address: University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eric Voog
- Centre Jean Bernard/Clinique Victor Hugo, Institut Inter-régional de Cancérologie, Le Mans, France
| | - Ignacio Duran
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - James Reeves
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Castellano
- i+12 Research Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Farhad Sedarati
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Royal Free NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bex A, Uzzo R, Karam J, Master V, Donskov F, Suárez C, Albiges L, Rini B, Tomita Y, Kann A, Procopio G, Massari F, Zibelman M, Antonyan I, Huseni M, Basu D, Ci B, Leung W, Khan O, Pal S. LBA66 IMmotion010: Efficacy and safety from the phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) vs placebo (pbo) as adjuvant therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at increased risk of recurrence after resection. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
20
|
Carles J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Mellado B, Méndez-Vidal MJ, Vázquez S, González-Del-Alba A, Piulats JM, Borrega P, Gallardo E, Morales-Barrera R, Paredes P, Reig O, Garcías de España C, Collado R, Bonfill T, Suárez C, Sampayo-Cordero M, Malfettone A, Garde J. Radium-223 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with asymptomatic bone metastases progressing on first-line abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide: A single-arm phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2022; 173:317-326. [PMID: 35981452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The paper aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 223Ra in patients who progressed after first-line androgen deprivation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS EXCAAPE (NCT03002220) was a multicentre, single-arm, open-label, non-controlled phase IIa trial in 52 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and asymptomatic bone metastases who have progressed on abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide, up to six doses of 223Ra (55 kBq/kg of body weight per month). The primary end-point was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). Secondary end-points included rPFS based on androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) expression in circulating tumour cells (CTCs), overall survival, and safety. RESULTS Median rPFS was 5.5 months (95% CI 5.3-5.5). Median rPFS of patients with AR-V7(-) CTCs was longer than that of patients with AR-V7(+) CTCs (5.5 versus 2.2 months, respectively; P = 0.056). Median overall survival was 14.8 months (95% CI 11.2-not reached) and was significantly greater for AR-V7(-) patients than for AR-V7(+) patients (14.8 months versus 3.5 months, respectively; P < 0.01). 223Ra was well tolerated; anaemia and thrombocytopenia were the most common grade 3/4 adverse events (5.8% and 11.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS 223Ra seems to be a reasonable treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and asymptomatic bone metastases progressing on novel hormonal therapy and had an acceptable safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Mellado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Méndez-Vidal
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Enrique Gallardo
- Parc Taulí University Hospital, Parc Taulí Institute of Research and Innovation I3PT, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Morales-Barrera
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Paredes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Reig
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Parc Taulí University Hospital, Parc Taulí Institute of Research and Innovation I3PT, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Garde
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sambolín-Escobales L, Feliciano-Quiñones A, Tirado-Castro L, Suárez C, Pacheco-Cruz D, Irizarry-Méndez N, Fonseca-Ferrer W, Hernández-López A, Colón-Romero M, Porter JT. Infusion of C20:0 ceramide into ventral hippocampus triggers anhedonia-like behavior in female and male rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:899627. [PMID: 36090653 PMCID: PMC9449580 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.899627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased long-chain C20:0 ceramides have been found in the serum of patients with depression. Moreover, ceramides are linked with increased microglia reactivity and inflammatory cytokine production, which are associated with depression. Since ceramides can readily cross the blood brain barrier, peripheral C20:0 ceramides could enter the brain, activate microglia, and induce depressive-like behavior. In this study, we determined whether localized infusion of C20:0 ceramides into the ventral hippocampus (VH) of rats is sufficient to activate microglia and induce depressive-like behaviors. Adult male and female rats received infusions of C20:0 ceramides or vehicle solution every other day for 2 weeks. After the third infusion, C20:0-infused animals showed reduced sucrose preference suggesting anhedonia-like behavior. In contrast, infusions of C20:0 ceramides did not affect immobility in the forced swim test or sucrose grooming suggesting that the behavioral effects of ceramides are task dependent. Furthermore, C20:0-infusions did not increase Iba-1 + microglia or inflammatory markers in the VH suggesting that localized increases in C20:0 ceramides in the VH are sufficient to induce anhedonia-like behavior without microglia activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubriel Sambolín-Escobales
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Adariana Feliciano-Quiñones
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Lizmarie Tirado-Castro
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Dariangelly Pacheco-Cruz
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Nashaly Irizarry-Méndez
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Anixa Hernández-López
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - María Colón-Romero
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - James T. Porter
- Division of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Department, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- *Correspondence: James T. Porter,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suárez C, Nolder D, García-Mingo A, Moore DAJ, Chiodini PL. Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Chagas Disease: An Increasing Challenge in Non-Endemic Areas. Res Rep Trop Med 2022; 13:25-40. [PMID: 35912165 PMCID: PMC9326036 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s278135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and it is endemic in Central, South America, Mexico and the South of the United States. It is an important cause of early mortality and morbidity, and it is associated with poverty and stigma. A third of the cases evolve into chronic cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal disease. The infection is transmitted vertically and by blood/organ donation and can reactivate with immunosuppression. Case identification requires awareness and screening programmes targeting the population at risk (women in reproductive age, donors, immunocompromised patients). Treatment with benznidazole or nifurtimox is most effective in the acute phase and prevents progression to chronic phase when given to children. Treating women antenatally reduces but does not eliminate vertical transmission. Treatment is poorly tolerated, contraindicated during pregnancy, and has little effect modifying the disease in the chronic phase. Screening is easily performed with serology. Migration has brought the disease outside of the endemic countries, where the transmission continues vertically and via blood and tissue/organ donations. There are more than 32 million migrants from Latin America living in non-endemic countries. However, the infection is massively underdiagnosed in this setting due to the lack of awareness by patients, health authorities and professionals. Blood and tissue donation screening policies have significantly reduced transmission in endemic countries but are not universally established in the non-endemic setting. Antenatal screening is not commonly done. Other challenges include difficulties accessing and retaining patients in the healthcare system and lack of specific funding for the interventions. Any strategy must be accompanied by education and awareness campaigns directed to patients, professionals and policy makers. The involvement of patients and their communities is central and key for success and must be sought early and actively. This review proposes strategies to address challenges faced by non-endemic countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Suárez
- UK Chagas Hub, London, UK.,Department of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Debbie Nolder
- UK Chagas Hub, London, UK.,Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ana García-Mingo
- UK Chagas Hub, London, UK.,Microbiology Department, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David A J Moore
- UK Chagas Hub, London, UK.,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust;, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter L Chiodini
- UK Chagas Hub, London, UK.,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust;, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pal SK, Agarwal N, Singh P, Necchi A, McGregor BA, Hauke RJ, Powles T, Suárez C, Van Herpen CM, Vaishampayan UN, Sudhagoni R, Curran D, Andrianova L, Loriot Y. Cabozantinib (C) in combination with atezolizumab (A) in urothelial carcinoma (UC): Results from Cohorts 3, 4, 5 of the COSMIC-021 study. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4504 Background: C, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), promotes an immune-permissive environment that may enhance response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). COSMIC-021, a multicenter phase 1b study, is evaluating C + A (anti‒PD-L1 therapy) in various solid tumors (NCT03170960). C + A demonstrated encouraging clinical activity in cohort 2 of COSMIC-021 in patients (pts) with UC previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy (chemo) (Pal S et al. ASCO 2020. Abstract 5013). Outcomes of C + A from 3 other UC cohorts (C3, C4, C5) are presented. Methods: Pts with inoperable locally advanced/metastatic UC with transitional cell histology and ECOG PS 0‒1 were eligible. Pts enrolled in C3 and C4 had no prior therapy and were cisplatin-based chemo ineligible (C3) or eligible (C4). C5 enrolled pts with one prior ICI and no prior VEGFR-TKI therapy. Pts received C 40 mg PO QD and A 1200 mg IV Q3W. CT/MRI scans were performed Q6W for first year and Q12W thereafter. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by investigator. Other endpoints: safety, duration of response (DOR), PFS, and OS. Results: Thirty pts each were enrolled in C3 and C4, and 31 in C5. Baseline characteristics for C3, C4, and C5, respectively: median age, 74 y, 66 y, 68 y; male, 67%, 73%, 55%; ECOG PS 1, 63%, 57%, 74%; lung/liver metastasis; 33%/17%, 40%/20%, 58%/23%; ≥3 tumor sites, 30%, 43%, 45%; bladder as primary site, 67%, 70%, 71%. As of Nov 30, 2021, the median follow-up for C3, C4, and C5 was 27.9, 19.1, and 32.9 mo, respectively, with 1, 6, and 1 pts on treatment. C + A demonstrated clinical benefit across all cohorts (Table). Most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade across C3, C4, and C5, respectively, were diarrhea (43%, 33%, 35%), nausea (27%, 17%, 26%), fatigue (27%, 27%, 48%), and decreased appetite (33%, 27%, 39%); grade 3/4 TRAEs occurred in 63%, 43%, and 45%, and there was no grade 5 TRAE. Conclusions: C + A demonstrated encouraging clinical activity with manageable toxicity in inoperable locally advanced/metastatic UC as first-line systemic therapy in cisplatin-based chemo eligible/ineligible pts and as second- or later line in pts who received prior ICI. Clinical trial information: NCT03170960. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Medical Oncology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ralph J. Hauke
- Nebraska Cancer Specialists - Midwest Cancer Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Health NHS Trust Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carla M.L.- Van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Yohann Loriot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Suárez C, Choueiri TK, Burotto M, Powles T, Bourlon MT, Shah AY, Tomita Y, Bedke J, Zhang J, Simsek B, Scheffold C, Escudier B, Motzer RJ, Apolo AB. Association between depth of response (DepOR) and clinical outcomes: Exploratory analysis in patients with previously untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) in CheckMate 9ER. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4501 Background: Among patients (pts) with untreated aRCC in the CheckMate 9ER trial, superior progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.56) and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.70) were maintained, and objective response and complete response (CR) rates were doubled for nivolumab plus cabozantinib (N+C) vs sunitinib (SUN) with extended 25.4 mo minimum (32.9 mo median) follow-up. This exploratory analysis evaluated the relationship between DepOR and clinical outcomes in CheckMate 9ER. Methods: Eligible pts received N (240 mg) every 2 weeks plus C (40 mg) once daily or SUN (50 mg once daily; 4 weeks of each 6-week cycle). In this analysis, DepOR subgroups were based on best overall response (blinded independent central review [BICR] per RECIST v1.1) and best tumor reduction threshold, as follows: CR; partial response subdivided by a tumor reduction of ≥80%–<100% (PR1); ≥60%–<80% (PR2); or ≥30%–<60% (PR3); stable disease (SD); and progressive disease (PD). PFS (per BICR) and OS by DepOR subgroups were analyzed after a 6-mo post-randomization landmark. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were assessed in DepOR subgroups. Results: Of 323 and 328 pts randomized to N+C or SUN, 236 and 157 pts were progression-free and alive and 293 and 253 pts were alive at the 6-mo landmark and were categorized by DepOR subgroup. Overall, greater proportions of pts receiving N+C had deeper responses vs SUN (CR, PR1, PR2; Table). Deeper responses with N+C were associated with improved 12-mo PFS rate vs SUN for CR (94.9% vs 82.4%), PR1 (81.3% vs 37.5%), and PR2 (72.1% vs 53.2%). In both arms, increasingly deeper response led to better OS outcome; yet OS rates and medians were comparable between arms for CR, PR1, PR2, and PR3 (Table). No meaningful patterns for overall TRAE rates by DepOR subgroup were identified in either arm. Conclusions: In CheckMate 9ER, more pts receiving N+C achieved deeper responses vs SUN. Deeper responses were generally associated with improved PFS and OS. Clinical trial information: NCT03141177. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Teresa Bourlon
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jens Bedke
- Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea B. Apolo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Choueiri TK, Bedke J, Karam JA, McKay RR, Motzer RJ, Pal SK, Suárez C, Uzzo R, Liu H, Burgents JE, Sharma M, Powles T. LITESPARK-022: A phase 3 study of pembrolizumab + belzutifan as adjuvant treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.tps4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS4602 Background: Patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may experience recurrence after surgery. In the phase 3 KEYNOTE-564 (NCT03142334) trial, adjuvant pembrolizumab demonstrated significant improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) in ccRCC, leading to FDA approval of pembrolizumab (November 17, 2021) for adjuvant treatment of patients with RCC at intermediate-high or high risk for recurrence following nephrectomy or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. Despite benefit of pembrolizumab, there is an unmet need for more effective adjuvant treatment for patients at risk for recurrence after definitive surgery. The HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan (MK-6482) has shown activity and good tolerability in patients with advanced ccRCC and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease–associated RCC. Combining belzutifan with pembrolizumab may be a therapeutic option as adjuvant treatment of ccRCC. This global, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study LITESPARK-022 (NCT05239728) is designed to compare the efficacy and safety of belzutifan + pembrolizumab with that of placebo + pembrolizumab as adjuvant treatment of ccRCC after nephrectomy. Methods: Approximately 1600 patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed RCC (intermediate-high [pT2, grade 4 or sarcomatoid, N0, M0 or pT3, any grade, N0, M0], high [pT4, any grade, N0, M0 or pT, any stage/grade, N+, M0] or M1 NED [patients who present with the primary kidney tumor and solid, isolated, soft tissue metastases that can be resected at the time of nephrectomy or ≤2 years from nephrectomy) with a clear cell component and had not previously received systemic therapy will be enrolled. Patients must have undergone nephrectomy and/or metastasectomy ≤12 weeks before randomization and be tumor free, confirmed by CT/MRI. Stratification factors are tumor grade (1 or 2 vs 3 or 4) and risk type (intermediate-high vs high vs M1 NED). Patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive belzutifan 120 mg orally once daily + pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks (Q6W) or oral placebo + pembrolizumab 400 mg IV Q6W. Pembrolizumab treatment will be administered for up to 9 doses (̃1 year); belzutifan and placebo may be continued for a maximum of 54 weeks. Disease recurrence will be evaluated radiologically Q12W from randomization through year 2, Q16W in years 3-5, and Q24W in years 6 and beyond. Adverse events (AEs) will be monitored by NCI CTCAE v5.0 through 30 days (90 days for serious AEs) after cessation of study drug. The primary end point is DFS, as assessed by investigator, defined as time from randomization to first documented event of local recurrence, occurrence of distant kidney cancer metastasis, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. The key secondary end point is overall survival. Other secondary end points are safety, disease recurrence–specific survival and patient-reported outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT05239728.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni K. Choueiri
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jens Bedke
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jose A. Karam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Uzzo
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hong Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | | | | | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Health NHS Trust and the Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aversa C, Jiménez N, Marin M, Ferrer-Mileo L, Reig O, Rodriguez-Carunchio L, Font A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Domenech-Santasusana M, Figols M, Climent Duran MA, Cros Costa S, Chirivella I, Herrero Rivera D, Gonzalez -Billalabeitia E, Jiménez-Peralta D, Carles J, Suárez C, Prat A, Mellado B. Estrogen receptor β and TMPRSS2-ERG expression association with clinical outcomes in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5077 Background: TMPRSS2-ERG fusion has been associated with estrogen receptor (ER) signalling in prostate cancer (PC). The isoform beta of ER (ERβ), encoded by ESR2, is considered anti-proliferative and tumor-suppressive. In preclinical studies, ESR2 has shown an inhibitory role towards TMPRSS2-ERG, resulting in decreased proliferation and tumor regression. In this clinical series, we sought to investigate the correlation between TMPRSS2-ERG and ESR2 expression and its impact on clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients (pts) with metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (mHSPC). Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective biomarker study. TMPRSS2-ERG and ESR2 were tested in total mRNA from FFPE tumor samples by nCounter platform (Nanostring Technologies). TMPRSS2-ERG and ESR2 expression were correlated with castration-resistant PC free survival (CRPC-FS) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan Meier and multivariate Cox modeling. R (v.3.6.3) software was used for statistical analysis. Results: 218 mHSPC pts were included: 125 received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with Docetaxel and 93 ADT alone. Median age was 66.4 years (range 46.3-84.6), 75.7% ( N= 165) presented with de novo mHSPC, 15.1% ( N= 33) had visceral metastasis and 68.3% ( N= 149) had high volume disease. Median follow-up was 38.8 months (m) (range 6.7-223.5) and 189 pts (86.7%) developed CRPC. Five pts were excluded due to lack of follow-up. Median time to CRPC was 18.8 m (95% CI 15.8-20.5) and median OS was 48.8 m (95% CI 43.2-59.1). Pts were grouped according to TMPRSS2-ERG fusion detection in TE positive (TE+) ( N= 108, 49.5%) and TE negative (TE-) ( N= 110, 50.5%) and according to ESR2 expression levels segregated into tertiles in ESR2 high (ESR2+) ( N= 74, 33.9%) or ESR2 low-mid (ESR2-) ( N= 144, 66.1%). TE+ status was associated to higher ESR2 levels ( P= 0.03). The TE+/ESR2+ group showed longer CRPC-FS and OS, compared with the other groups, as shown in the table. TE+/ESR2 expression was independently associated with longer CRPC-FS (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5, P< 0.001) and OS (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5, P< 0.001). Moreover, a significant interaction between treatment (ADT vs ADT+Docetaxel) and TE+/ESR2+ status related to CRPC-FS was found (HR: 0.38, P= 0.014), suggesting that TE+/ESR2+ pts may benefit more from ADT than from the combination of ADT+Docetaxel. Conclusions: Our study suggests a protective role of ESR2 within a subgroup of mHSPC pts characterized by TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, which warrants further investigation of ESR2 as a prognostic factor, for treatment selection and as a potential pathway for targeted treatment in PC. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Aversa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marin
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer-Mileo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Reig
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Albert Font
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariona Figols
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundació Althaia, Barcelona, Spain, Manresa, Spain
| | | | - Sara Cros Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain, Granollers, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Jiménez-Peralta
- Urology Department, Hospital General Universitario José M. Morales Meseguer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Aleix Prat
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begona Mellado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Navani V, Ernst MS, Wells C, Yuasa T, Takemura K, Donskov F, Basappa NS, Schmidt AL, Pal SK, Meza LA, Wood L, Ernst DS, Szabados B, McKay RR, Weickhardt AJ, Suárez C, Kapoor A, Lee JL, Choueiri TK, Heng DYC. Predictors of objective response to first-line immuno-oncology combination therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results from the international metastatic renal cell database consortium (IMDC). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
310 Background: Predictors of objective response to first-line (1L) immuno-oncology (IO) combination therapies remain elusive. We sought to characterise clinical variables and their association with investigator assessed best overall response. Methods: Using the IMDC, we retrospectively identified patients treated with 1L ipilimumab nivolumab (IPI-NIVO) or approved IO/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor combinations (IOVE). Patients were classified, per RECIST v1.1, as responders (complete or partial response (CR or PR)) or non-responders (stable or progressive disease (SD or PD)). Logistic regression was used to adjust for IMDC criteria. Results: Out of 1084 patients, 794 (73%) received IPI-NIVO and 290 (27%) received IOVE (axitinib+pembrolizumab, cabozantinib+nivolumab, axitinib+avelumab, lenvatinib+pembrolizumab). Favourable, intermediate and poor IMDC risk comprised 147 (16%), 517 (55%) and 272 (29%) respectively. Of the 898 patients with evaluable responses, 37 (4%) achieved a best response of CR, 343 (38%) PR, 315 (35%) SD and 203 (23%) PD. Corresponding median overall survival from time of 1L initiation was: not reached, 55.9, 48.1, and 13 months respectively (logrank p < 0.0001). In a multivariable model, lung metastases and cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) (performed after diagnosis of metastatic disease and before 1L therapy) retained independent association with response, after adjustment for IMDC criteria. Factors not associated with response included (with univariable p values): gender (p = 0.58), age (p = 0.06), sarcomatoid histology (p = 0.99), smoking status (p = 0.39), liver (p = 0.63) and brain (p = 0.12) metastases. As in the VEGF monotherapy era, improved IMDC prognostic risk was associated with response. Results were similar when restricted to the IPI-NIVO cohort. Conclusions: Presence of lung metastases, CN and better IMDC risk group are associated with a higher probability of response to 1L immunotherapy combination regimens. Further work to identify reliable predictors of response to guide treatment selection and patient counselling is warranted.[Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Navani
- Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Sumanta K. Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Luis A Meza
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Lori Wood
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - D. Scott Ernst
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ernst MS, Navani V, Wells JC, Donskov F, Basappa NS, Labaki C, Pal SK, Meza LA, Wood L, Ernst DS, Szabados B, McKay RR, Parnis F, Suárez C, Yuasa T, Kapoor A, Alva AS, Bjarnason GA, Choueiri TK, Heng DYC. Characterizing IMDC prognostic groups in contemporary first-line combination therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
308 Background: The combination of immuno-oncology agents (IO) ipilimumab and nivolumab (IPI-NIVO) and combinations of IO with vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapies (IOVE) have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials for the first-line treatment of mRCC. This study seeks to establish real-world clinical benchmarks based on the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria using vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy (VEGF-TT) treated patients for context. Methods: The IMDC database (IMDConline.com) was used to identify patients with mRCC who received first-line IPI-NIVO, IOVE (axitinib/pembrolizumab, lenvatinib/pembrolizumab, cabozantinib/nivolumab, or axitinib/avelumab) and VEGF-TT (sunitinib or pazopanib) from 2002-2021. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and was calculated from time of initiation of first-line therapy to death or last follow up. Log-rank tests were conducted to compare favorable, intermediate, and poor risk OS outcomes within treatment groups. Overall response rates (ORR) and complete response (CR) rates were calculated based on physician assessment of best clinical response. Results: In total, 692 patients received IPI-NIVO, 244 received IOVE, and 7152 received VEGF-TT. Baseline characteristics for IPI-NIVO, IOVE, and VEGF-TT, respectively, were as follows: median age (interquartile range) 63 (56-69), 64 (57-70), and 63 (56-70); male 72%, 74%, and 72% (p=0.74); non-clear cell histology 15%, 10%, and 13% (p=0.15); sarcomatoid features 24%, 15%, and 13% (p<0.0001); brain metastasis 8%, 4%, and 8% (p=0.04); liver metastasis 18%, 14%, and 18% (p=0.17); underwent nephrectomy 61%, 79% and 80% (p<0.0001). OS and ORR are reported in the table. P-values (log rank) for OS between risk groups were significant for IPI-NIVO (p<0.0001), IOVE (p=0.0005), and VEGF-TT (p<0.0001). Conclusions: These findings provide real-world survival and response benchmarks for contemporary first-line mRCC treatments and could be helpful for patient counselling. In addition, these findings mirror the efficacy of combination therapies established in clinical trials against VEGF-TT monotherapy. IMDC criteria continue to risk stratify patients in these novel combination therapies.[Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishal Navani
- Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Connor Wells
- Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Chris Labaki
- The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Luis A Meza
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Lori Wood
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - D. Scott Ernst
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Powles T, Choueiri TK, Burotto M, Escudier B, Bourlon MT, Shah AY, Suárez C, Hamzaj A, Porta C, Hocking C, Kessler ER, Gurney H, Tomita Y, Bedke J, Zhang J, Simsek B, Scheffold C, Apolo AB, Motzer RJ. Final overall survival analysis and organ-specific target lesion assessments with two-year follow-up in CheckMate 9ER: Nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
350 Background: First-line nivolumab plus cabozantinib (N+C) demonstrated superiority over sunitinib (SUN) in the primary disclosure of the phase 3 CheckMate 9ER trial (NCT03141177; 10.6 months minimum follow-up; Choueiri TK et al. N Engl J Med 2021) in patients (pts) with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Here, we report the preplanned final overall survival (OS) analysis with updated efficacy and safety in intent-to-treat (ITT) pts, and an exploratory assessment of target lesions by organ site after extended follow-up. Methods: Pts with aRCC (clear cell component) were randomized to N 240 mg every 2 weeks + C 40 mg once daily vs SUN 50 mg once daily (4 weeks of 6-week cycles). The primary endpoint was RECIST v1.1–defined progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review (BICR) in ITT pts; secondary endpoints included OS, objective response rate (ORR) by BICR, and safety. The preplanned final OS analysis was set to occur after observing 254 events. Maximal reduction of target lung, lymph node, kidney, and liver lesions were evaluated per BICR via post hoc exploratory analyses. Results: After 25.4 months minimum follow-up (median, 32.9 months) for OS in ITT pts, a total of 271 OS events occurred, and N+C continued to demonstrate OS improvement vs SUN (N = 323 vs 328; median 37.7 vs 34.3 months; HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.55–0.90]). PFS (median 16.6 vs 8.3 months; HR 0.56 [95% CI 0.46–0.68]) and ORR (55.7% [95% CI 50.1–61.2] vs 28.4% [95% CI 23.5–33.6]) benefits were maintained with N+C vs SUN, and 12.4% (N+C) vs 5.2% (SUN) of pts had a complete response. Median duration of response was 23.1 months with N+C vs 15.1 months with SUN. A higher percentage of pts experienced any reduction and ≥30% reduction from baseline with N+C vs SUN in target lesions at all organ sites assessed (Table). Among all treated pts, 97.2% (N+C; N = 320) vs 93.1% (SUN; N = 320) had a treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) of any grade (65.0% vs 54.1% had a grade ≥ 3 TRAE). Conclusions: N+C continued to provide survival improvement vs SUN among ITT pts in the final OS analysis, additionally PFS and ORR benefits with N+C were sustained with minimum 2-year follow-up. A higher proportion of pts experienced tumor shrinkage benefit with N+C vs SUN across all 4 organ sites assessed. No new safety signals emerged with extended follow-up in either arm. These results highlight N+C as a first-line treatment for pts with aRCC. Clinical trial information: NCT03141177. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Maria Teresa Bourlon
- Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alketa Hamzaj
- Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Howard Gurney
- Westmead Hospital and Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jens Bedke
- Eberhand Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andrea B. Apolo
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Powles T, Albiges L, Bex A, Grünwald V, Porta C, Procopio G, Schmidinger M, Suárez C, de Velasco G. ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline update on the use of immunotherapy in early stage and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1511-1519. [PMID: 34597799 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L Albiges
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - A Bex
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and UCL, London, UK; Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Grünwald
- Clinic for Internal Medicine (Tumour Research) and Clinic for Urology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - C Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Procopio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - M Schmidinger
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Suárez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G de Velasco
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pinto Á, Reig O, Iglesias C, Gallardo E, García-Del Muro X, Alonso T, Anguera G, Suárez C, Muñoz-Langa J, Villalobos-León L, Rodríguez-Sánchez Á, Lainez N, Martínez-Ortega E, Campayo M, Velastegui A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Villa-Guzmán JC, Méndez-Vidal MJ, Rubio G, García I, Capdevila L, Lambea J, Vázquez S, Fernández O, Hernando-Polo S, Cerezo S, Santander C, García-Marrero R, Zambrana F, González-Del Alba A, Lazaro-Quintela M, Castellano D, Chirivella I, Anido U, Viana A, García A, Sotelo M, Arévalo MG, García-Donas J, Hernández C, Bolós MV, Llinares J, Climent MA. Clinical Factors Associated With Long-Term Benefit in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Axitinib: Real-World AXILONG Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 20:25-34. [PMID: 34789409 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axitinib monotherapy obtained approval in pre-treated mRCC patients and recently in combination with pembrolizumab or avelumab in the first-line setting. However, patient profiles that may obtain increased benefit from this drug and its combinations still need to be identified. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective multicentre analysis describing clinical characteristics associated with axitinib long-responder (LR) population by comparing two extreme-response sub-groups (progression-free survival [PFS] ≥9 months vs. disease progression/refractory patients [RP]). A multivariate logistic-regression model was used to analyse clinical factors. Efficacy and safety were also analysed. RESULTS In total, 157 patients who received axitinib in second or subsequent line were evaluated (91 LR and 66 RP). Older age at start of axitinib and haemoglobin levels > LLN were independent predictive factors for LR in multivariate analyses. In LR patients, median (m) PFS was 18.1 months, median overall survival was 36.0 months and objective response rate (ORR) was 45.5%. In 59 LR patients receiving axitinib in second-line, mPFS was 18.7 months, mOS was 44.8 months and ORR was 43.9%. mOS was significantly longer in second line compared to subsequent lines (44.8 vs. 26.5 months; P = .009). In LR vs. RP, mPFS with sunitinib in first-line was correlated with mPFS with axitinib in second-line (27.2 vs. 10.9 months P < .001). The safety profile was manageable and consistent with known data. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the long-term benefits of axitinib in a selected population, helping clinicians to select the best sequential approach and patients who could obtain a greater benefit from axitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pinto
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oscar Reig
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Iglesias
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Gallardo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Parc Taulí, 1, 08208 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Del Muro
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia Hospitalet, IDIBELL Institute of Researh, University of Barcelona, 1, Avinguda de la Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, M-607, km. 9, 100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Anguera
- Medical Oncology Department, Nou Hospital De La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí, 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall de Hebrón, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Muñoz-Langa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Villalobos-León
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá, s/n, 28805 Meco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de León, Calle Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Nuria Lainez
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle de Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Ortega
- Medical Oncology Department , Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Marc Campayo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario MútuaTerrassa, Plaza del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Velastegui
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Villa-Guzmán
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real General, Calle Obispo Rafael Torija, s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria J Méndez-Vidal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avenida Menendez Pidal, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gustavo Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iciar García
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Av. de Barber, 30, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Laia Capdevila
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital San Pablo y Santa Tecla, Rambla Vella, 14, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Lambea
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Avda, Calle de San Juan Bosco, 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Vázquez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Rúa Dr. Ulises Romero, 1, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ovidio Fernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Calle Ramon Puga Noguerol, 54, 32005 Ourense, Spain
| | - Susana Hernando-Polo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Calle Budapest, 1, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cerezo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Av. Constitución, 3, 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Santander
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa García-Marrero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Carretera Ofra S/N, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francisco Zambrana
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Paseo de Europa, 34, 28703 San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu González-Del Alba
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Martin Lazaro-Quintela
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada de Clara Campoamor, 341, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Urbano Anido
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa da Choupana, s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antonio Viana
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado, Carretera de Madrid Km. 114, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain
| | - Arancha García
- TFS Trial Form Support S.L., Passeig de Gràcia, 11, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sotelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Av. 9 de Junio, 2, 28981 Parla, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garrido Arévalo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Av. de Orellana, s/n, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Donas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Clara Campal, Calle de Oña, 10, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Julia Llinares
- Pfizer S.L.U. Avenida de Europa, 20, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Climent
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano De Oncología, Carrer del Professor Beltrán Báguena, 8, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gabriel R, Muñiz J, Vega S, Moral I, Pérez Castro TR, Rodriguez-Salvanés F, Suárez C, Novella B, Brotons C. Cardiovascular risk in the elderly population of Spain. The EPICARDIAN risk score. Rev Clin Esp 2021; 222:13-21. [PMID: 34565710 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular risk estimation in people over 70 years of age is problematic. Most scores have been created based on cohorts of middle-aged people, with an underrepresentation of older adults. The predictive power of classical cardiovascular risk factors declines with age. The aim of this work is to develop a specific score for estimating cardiovascular risk among the elderly population in Spain. METHODS This work is a population-based cohort established in 1995. SETTING Three geographical areas of Spain (Madrid, Ávila, and Lugo). PARTICIPANTS 3,729 people older than 64 years with no cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Suspected fatal and nonfatal CVD (both coronary heart disease and stroke) were investigated annually and confirmed using the WHO-MONICA criteria. All participants were followed-up on until occurrence of a first CVD event, until death, or until December 31, 2015. RESULTS Age was the strongest predictor of CVD at 10 years in both men and women. In men, variables associated with CVD were high blood pressure treatment (HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.067-1.710), diabetes (HR: 1.359; 95% CI: 0.997-1.852), and smoking (HR: 1.207; 95% CI: 0.945-1.541) and in women, the variables were smoking (HR: 1.881; 95% CI: 1.356-2.609) and diabetes (HR: 1.285; 95% CI: 0.967-1.707). Total cholesterol did not increase the risk of CVD in men or women. However, total cholesterol levels >200 mg/dL were inversely associated with 10-year risk of CVD in men and women. CONCLUSIONS In elderly Spanish men, total CVD at 10 years is significantly increased by age, diabetes, and antihypertensive treatment and in elderly Spanish women by diabetes and smoking. Total cholesterol levels did not increase the risk of CVD, particularly in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gabriel
- Departamento de Salud Internacional, Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Muñiz
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - S Vega
- Centro de Salud de Arévalo, SACyL, Arévalo, Ávila, Spain
| | - I Moral
- Unidad de Investigación, EAP Sardenya-IIB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T R Pérez Castro
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - F Rodriguez-Salvanés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Novella
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Brotons
- Unidad de Investigación, EAP Sardenya-IIB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pal SK, McGregor B, Suárez C, Tsao CK, Kelly W, Vaishampayan U, Pagliaro L, Maughan BL, Loriot Y, Castellano D, Srinivas S, McKay RR, Dreicer R, Hutson T, Dubey S, Werneke S, Panneerselvam A, Curran D, Scheffold C, Choueiri TK, Agarwal N. Cabozantinib in Combination With Atezolizumab for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the COSMIC-021 Study. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3725-3736. [PMID: 34491815 PMCID: PMC8601305 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Bradley McGregor
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Che-Kai Tsao
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - William Kelly
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.,Current affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, INSERM 981, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandy Srinivas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Rana R McKay
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Thomas Hutson
- Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Toni K Choueiri
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laborda J, Rivera-Torres P, Salas-Fumas V, Suárez C. Is there life beyond the Spanish government's aid to furloughed employees by COVID-19? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253331. [PMID: 34161381 PMCID: PMC8221470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the perceptions of firms in April 2020, one month after the Spanish Government declared the state of alarm, about how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their business activity in the following months, and what employment decisions they expect to make in response. The data for the study was collected by the Government of the region of Aragon (Spain) through a survey of a non-randomly selected sample of firms located in the region. In addition to prospects and intended actions, firms were asked whether or not they had applied for ERTE aid (the Spanish job retention scheme to contain the pandemic crisis). We find that firms participating (voluntarily and anonymously) in the survey anticipated rather well the severity of the effects of the pandemic in the following months. The ERTE aid helped firms to maintain the jobs of their inactive employees, while firms that did not ask for aid responded by laying off employees. Further, the ERTE aid helped to maintain the jobs of furloughed employees, but the firms receiving ERTE aid expected to lay off the same proportion of employees as firms without that aid, controlling for the different anticipated effects of the pandemic in the two groups of firms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Laborda
- Department of Business Administration, Universidad Carlos III, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rivera-Torres
- Department of Marketing Management and Market Research, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente Salas-Fumas
- Department of Business Administration and Organization, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Vries-Brilland M, McDermott DF, Suárez C, Powles T, Gross-Goupil M, Ravaud A, Flippot R, Escudier B, Albigès L. Checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 99:102228. [PMID: 34111642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC) and a distinct entity, although heterogenous, associated with poor outcomes. The treatment landscape of metastatic pRCC (mpRCC) relied so far on targeted therapies, mimicking previous developments in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. However, antiangiogenics as well as mTOR inhibitors retain only limited activity in mpRCC. As development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is now underway in patients with mpRCC, we aimed at discussing early activity data and potential for future therapeutic strategies in monotherapy or combination. Expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 and infiltrative immune cells in pRCC could provide insights into their potential immunogenicity, although this is currently poorly described. Based on retrospective and prospective data, efficacy of ICI as single agent remains limited. Combinations with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, notably with anti-MET inhibitors, harbor promising response rates and may enter the standard of care in untreated patients. Collaborative work is needed to refine the molecular and immune landscape of pRCC, and pursue efforts to set up predictive biomarker-driven clinical trials in these rare tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Vries-Brilland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Integrated Centers of Oncology (ICO) Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - D F McDermott
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Suárez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d́Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d́Hebron, Vall d́Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain
| | - T Powles
- The Royal Free NHS Trust and Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Gross-Goupil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, University of Bordeaux-CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, University of Bordeaux-CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Flippot
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - B Escudier
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - L Albigès
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Choueiri TK, Powles T, Burotto M, Escudier B, Bourlon MT, Zurawski B, Oyervides Juárez VM, Hsieh JJ, Basso U, Shah AY, Suárez C, Hamzaj A, Goh JC, Barrios C, Richardet M, Porta C, Kowalyszyn R, Feregrino JP, Żołnierek J, Pook D, Kessler ER, Tomita Y, Mizuno R, Bedke J, Zhang J, Maurer MA, Simsek B, Ejzykowicz F, Schwab GM, Apolo AB, Motzer RJ. Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:829-841. [PMID: 33657295 PMCID: PMC8436591 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2026982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 283.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus cabozantinib as compared with those of sunitinib in the treatment of previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma are not known. METHODS In this phase 3, randomized, open-label trial, we randomly assigned adults with previously untreated clear-cell, advanced renal-cell carcinoma to receive either nivolumab (240 mg every 2 weeks) plus cabozantinib (40 mg once daily) or sunitinib (50 mg once daily for 4 weeks of each 6-week cycle). The primary end point was progression-free survival, as determined by blinded independent central review. Secondary end points included overall survival, objective response as determined by independent review, and safety. Health-related quality of life was an exploratory end point. RESULTS Overall, 651 patients were assigned to receive nivolumab plus cabozantinib (323 patients) or sunitinib (328 patients). At a median follow-up of 18.1 months for overall survival, the median progression-free survival was 16.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.5 to 24.9) with nivolumab plus cabozantinib and 8.3 months (95% CI, 7.0 to 9.7) with sunitinib (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.64; P<0.001). The probability of overall survival at 12 months was 85.7% (95% CI, 81.3 to 89.1) with nivolumab plus cabozantinib and 75.6% (95% CI, 70.5 to 80.0) with sunitinib (hazard ratio for death, 0.60; 98.89% CI, 0.40 to 0.89; P = 0.001). An objective response occurred in 55.7% of the patients receiving nivolumab plus cabozantinib and in 27.1% of those receiving sunitinib (P<0.001). Efficacy benefits with nivolumab plus cabozantinib were consistent across subgroups. Adverse events of any cause of grade 3 or higher occurred in 75.3% of the 320 patients receiving nivolumab plus cabozantinib and in 70.6% of the 320 patients receiving sunitinib. Overall, 19.7% of the patients in the combination group discontinued at least one of the trial drugs owing to adverse events, and 5.6% discontinued both. Patients reported better health-related quality of life with nivolumab plus cabozantinib than with sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS Nivolumab plus cabozantinib had significant benefits over sunitinib with respect to progression-free survival, overall survival, and likelihood of response in patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and others; CheckMate 9ER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03141177.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni K Choueiri
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Thomas Powles
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Mauricio Burotto
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Bernard Escudier
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Maria T Bourlon
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Bogdan Zurawski
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Victor M Oyervides Juárez
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - James J Hsieh
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Umberto Basso
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Amishi Y Shah
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Cristina Suárez
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Alketa Hamzaj
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Jeffrey C Goh
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Carlos Barrios
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Martin Richardet
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Camillo Porta
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Rubén Kowalyszyn
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Juan P Feregrino
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Jakub Żołnierek
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - David Pook
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Elizabeth R Kessler
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Ryuichi Mizuno
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Jens Bedke
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Joshua Zhang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Matthew A Maurer
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Burcin Simsek
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Flavia Ejzykowicz
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Gisela M Schwab
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Andrea B Apolo
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| | - Robert J Motzer
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aparicio P, Barba R, Moldenhauer F, Suárez C, Real de Asúa D. Characteristics of adults with Down syndrome hospitalised in Spanish internal medicine departments during 2005-2014. Rev Clin Esp 2020; 220:553-560. [PMID: 31837747 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The clinical problems of adults with Down syndrome seem to differ from those of the general population. To better understand these differences, we list the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with Down syndrome admitted to Spanish internal medicine departments during 2005-2014. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an observational retrospective study using data collected from the minimum basic data set on hospitalisation episodes of adults with Down syndrome in the internal medicine departments of Spain's National Health System from 2005 to 2014. We analysed the patients' epidemiological, clinical and societal data. RESULTS A total of 7548 hospitalisation episodes from 3786 patients were recorded. Some 56.6% of the patients were male with a mean age (±SD) of 47±13 years, and 715 of the patients died (18.9%). The age-adjusted mortality was 26.6%, and the mean stay was 9.6±12 days. The hospitalisation was for respiratory disease in 3684 episodes (48.8%) and for cardiac origin in 760 (10%). The most common comorbidities were hypothyroidism (27.1%, 2043 episodes), epilepsy (24.1%, 1819 episodes) and dementia (15.4%, 1162 episodes). CONCLUSIONS The hospitalisation of adults with Down syndrome in internal medicine departments has increased in the past decade. Although the reasons for hospitalisation, mean stay and cost per episode for this population are similar to those of the general population treated by internal medicine departments, the age-adjusted hospital mortality was significantly greater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Aparicio
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España.
| | - R Barba
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles (Madrid), España; Grupo de Trabajo de Gestión Clínica, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, Madrid, España; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles (Madrid), España
| | - F Moldenhauer
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - C Suárez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - D Real de Asúa
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España; Division of Medical Ethics, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Nueva York, Estados Unidos
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aparicio P, Barba R, Moldenhauer F, Suárez C, Real de Asúa D. Characteristics of adults with Down syndrome hospitalized in Spanish internal medicine departments during 2005–2014. Rev Clin Esp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
39
|
Moserle L, Pons R, Martínez-Lozano M, Jiménez-Valerio GA, Vidal A, Suárez C, Trilla E, Jiménez J, de Torres I, Carles J, Senserrich J, Aguilar S, Palomero L, Amadori A, Casanovas O. Kidney cancer PDOXs reveal patient-specific pro-malignant effects of antiangiogenics and its molecular traits. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11889. [PMID: 33151035 PMCID: PMC7721359 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An open debate in antiangiogenic therapies is about their consequence on tumor invasiveness and metastasis, which is undoubtedly relevant for patients currently treated with antiangiogenics, such as renal cell carcinoma patients. To address, this we developed an extensive series of 27 patient biopsy‐derived orthotopic xenograft models (Ren‐PDOX) that represent inter‐patient heterogeneity. In specific tumors, antiangiogenics produced increased invasiveness and metastatic dissemination, while in others aggressiveness remained unchanged. Mechanistically, species‐discriminative RNA sequencing identified a tumor cell‐specific differential expression profile associated with tumor progression and aggressivity in TCGA RCC patients. Gene filtering using an invasion‐annotated patient series pinpointed two candidate genes, of which ALDH1A3 differentiated the pro‐invasive subtype of Ren‐PDOXs. Validation in an independent series of 15 antiangiogenic‐treated patients confirmed that pre‐treatment ALDH1A3 can significantly discriminate patients with pro‐aggressive response upon treatment. Overall, results confirm that effects of antiangiogenic drugs on tumor invasion and metastasis are heterogeneous and may profoundly affect the natural progression of tumors and promote malignancy. Furthermore, we identify a specific molecular biomarker that could be used to select patients that better benefit from treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Moserle
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pons
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-Lozano
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela A Jiménez-Valerio
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Trilla
- Surgery Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Jiménez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Senserrich
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Aguilar
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Palomero
- ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology. OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Amadori
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiménez N, Reig Ò, Montalbo R, Milà-Guasch M, Nadal-Dieste L, Castellano G, Lozano JJ, Victoria I, Font A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Carles J, Suárez C, Domènech M, Sala-González N, Fernández PL, Rodríguez-Carunchio L, Díaz S, Prat A, Marín-Aguilera M, Mellado B. Cell Plasticity-Related Phenotypes and Taxanes Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:594023. [PMID: 33224888 PMCID: PMC7667288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.594023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostatic tumor cells plasticity is involved in resistance to hormone-therapy, allowing these cells to survive despite androgen receptor inhibition. However, its role in taxanes resistance has not been fully established. Gene expression of plasticity-related phenotypes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cell-like and neuroendocrine (NE) phenotypes was studied in vitro, in silico, in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) (N=22) and in tumor samples (N=117) from taxanes-treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Docetaxel (D)-resistant cells presented a more pronounced EMT phenotype than cabazitaxel (CZ)-resistant cells. In silico analysis revealed ESRP1 down-regulation in taxane-exposed mCRPC samples. Cell plasticity-related changes occurred in CTCs after taxanes treatment. Tumor EMT phenotype was associated with lower PSA progression-free survival (PFS) to D (P<0.001), and better to CZ (P=0.002). High ESRP1 expression was independently associated with longer PSA-PFS (P<0.001) and radiologic-PFS (P=0.001) in D and shorter PSA-PFS in the CZ cohort (P=0.041). High SYP expression was independently associated with lower PSA-PFS in D (P=0.003) and overall survival (OS) in CZ (P=0.002), and high EZH2 expression was associated with adverse OS in D-treated patients (P=0.013). In conclusion, EMT profile in primary tumor is differentially associated with D or CZ benefit and NE dedifferentiation correlates with adverse taxanes clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jiménez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Reig
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Montalbo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Milà-Guasch
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Nadal-Dieste
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- Genomic Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Victoria
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Font
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Sala-González
- Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Pedro Luis Fernández
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTP and Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Sherley Díaz
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín-Aguilera
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Mellado
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maldonado J, Morales Barrera R, Vidal N, Feltes N, Domenech M, Puente J, Figols M, González M, Lozano F, López H, Gallardo E, Moreno D, Suárez C, Morote J, Carles J, Giralt J. PO-1210: Local treatment on the outcome of immunecheckpoint inhibitors in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
42
|
Jimenez N, Reig O, Castellano G, Orrillo M, Ferrer-Mileo L, Oberoi H, Pesántez D, Font A, Domènech M, Rodríguez-Vida A, Carles J, Suárez C, Sala-González N, Rodríguez-Carunchio L, Díaz S, Prat A, Marín-Aguilera M, Mellado B. 1971P Neuroendocrine (NE) expression profiling in non-castrate tumours is associated with poor therapy benefit and adverse clinical outcome in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
43
|
Martín A, Pulido JC, González JC, García-Olaya Á, Suárez C. A Framework for User Adaptation and Profiling for Social Robotics in Rehabilitation. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20174792. [PMID: 32854446 PMCID: PMC7506951 DOI: 10.3390/s20174792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical rehabilitation therapies for children present a challenge, and its success-the improvement of the patient's condition-depends on many factors, such as the patient's attitude and motivation, the correct execution of the exercises prescribed by the specialist or his progressive recovery during the therapy. With the aim to increase the benefits of these therapies, social humanoid robots with a friendly aspect represent a promising tool not only to boost the interaction with the pediatric patient, but also to assist physicians in their work. To achieve both goals, it is essential to monitor in detail the patient's condition, trying to generate user profile models which enhance the feedback with both the system and the specialist. This paper describes how the project NAOTherapist-a robotic architecture for rehabilitation with social robots-has been upgraded in order to include a monitoring system able to generate user profile models through the interaction with the patient, performing user-adapted therapies. Furthermore, the system has been improved by integrating a machine learning algorithm which recognizes the pose adopted by the patient and by adding a clinical reports generation system based on the QUEST metric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José C. Pulido
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain; (J.C.P.); (J.C.G.); (A.G.-O.)
| | - José C. González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain; (J.C.P.); (J.C.G.); (A.G.-O.)
| | - Ángel García-Olaya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain; (J.C.P.); (J.C.G.); (A.G.-O.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rodríguez-Lago I, Hoyo JD, Pérez-Girbés A, Garrido-Marín A, Casanova MJ, Chaparro M, Fernández-Clotet A, Castro-Poceiro J, García MJ, Sánchez S, Ferreiro-Iglesias R, Bastón I, Piqueras M, Careda LEIBD, Mena R, Suárez C, Cordón JP, López-García A, Márquez L, Arroyo M, Alfambra E, Sierra M, Cano N, Delgado-Guillena P, Morales-Alvarado V, Aparicio JC, Guerra I, Aulló C, Merino O, Arranz L, Hidalgo MA, Llaó J, Plaza R, Molina G, Torres P, Pérez-Galindo P, Romero MG, Herrera-deGuise C, Armesto E, Mesonero F, Frago-Larramona S, Benítez JM, Calvo M, Martín MDCL, Elorza A, Larena A, Peña E, Rodríguez-Grau MDC, Miguel-Criado JD, Botella B, Olmos JA, López L, Aguirre U, Gisbert JP. Early treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents improves long-term effectiveness in symptomatic stricturing Crohn's disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:1056-1066. [PMID: 32723069 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620947579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of biological therapy in stricturing complications in patients with Crohn's disease. AIM The study aims to determine the effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents in Crohn's disease complicated with symptomatic strictures. METHODS In this multicentric and retrospective study, we included adult patients with symptomatic stricturing Crohn's disease receiving their first anti-TNF therapy, with no previous history of biological, endoscopic or surgical therapy. The effectiveness of the anti-TNF agent was defined as a composite outcome combining steroid-free drug persistence with no use of new biologics or immunomodulators, hospital admission, surgery or endoscopic therapy during follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 262 patients with Crohn's disease were included (53% male; median disease duration, 35 months, 15% active smokers), who received either infliximab (N = 141, 54%) or adalimumab (N = 121, 46%). The treatment was effective in 87% and 73% of patients after 6 and 12 months, respectively, and continued to be effective in 26% after a median follow-up of 40 months (IQR, 19-85). Nonetheless, 15% and 21% of individuals required surgery after 1 and 2 years, respectively, with an overall surgery rate of 32%. Postoperative complications were identified in 15% of patients, with surgical site infection as the most common. Starting anti-TNF therapy in the first 18 months after the diagnosis of Crohn's disease or the identification of stricturing complications was associated with a higher effectiveness (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18-2.22; and HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.1-2.23; respectively). Younger age, lower albumin levels, strictures located in the descending colon, concomitant aminosalicylates use or presence of lymphadenopathy were associated with lower effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF agents are effective in approximately a quarter of patients with Crohn's disease and symptomatic intestinal strictures, and 68% of patients are free of surgery after a median of 40 months of follow-up. Early treatment and some potential predictors of response were associated with treatment success in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iago Rodríguez-Lago
- Hospital de Galdakao, Gastroenterology, Galdakao, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier Del Hoyo
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic de La Fe, Gastroenterology, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María José Casanova
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Fernández-Clotet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Gastroenterology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María José García
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Gastroenterology, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Radiology, Santander, Spain
| | - Rocío Ferreiro-Iglesias
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Gastroenterology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Bastón
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Gastroenterology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Piqueras
- Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Gastroenterology, Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Mena
- Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Gastroenterology, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alicia López-García
- Hospital del Mar, Gastroenterology, Barcelona, Spain, and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez
- Hospital del Mar, Gastroenterology, Barcelona, Spain, and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Arroyo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,IIS Aragón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Gastroenterology, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erika Alfambra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,IIS Aragón, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Gastroenterology, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mónica Sierra
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Gastroenterology, León, Spain
| | - Noelia Cano
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Gastroenterology, León, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Iván Guerra
- Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Gastroenterology, Fuenlabrada, Spain, and Instituto de Investigación de La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Aulló
- Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Radiology, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Olga Merino
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Gastroenterology, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Laura Arranz
- Hospital Ntra. Sra. Candelaria, Gastroenterology, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Jordina Llaó
- Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Gastroenterology, Manresa, Spain
| | - Rocío Plaza
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Molina
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Gastroenterology, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Paola Torres
- Hospital Universitario German Trias I Pujol, Gastroenterology, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Edisa Armesto
- Hospital San Agustín, Gastroenterology, Avilés, Spain
| | | | | | - José Manuel Benítez
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Gastroenterology, Córdoba, Spain.,IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Calvo
- Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Elorza
- Hospital de Galdakao, Gastroenterology, Galdakao, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Elena Peña
- Hospital Royo Villanova, Gastroenterology, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Belén Botella
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Gastroenterology, Parla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Olmos
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Gastroenterology, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Laura López
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Gastroenterology, Reus, Spain
| | - Urko Aguirre
- Research Unit, Hospital de Galdakao. Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC)
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pal SK, McDermott DF, Atkins MB, Escudier B, Rini BI, Motzer RJ, Fong L, Joseph RW, Oudard S, Ravaud A, Bracarda S, Suárez C, Lam ET, Choueiri TK, Ding B, Quach C, Hashimoto K, Schiff C, Piault-Louis E, Powles T. Patient-reported outcomes in a phase 2 study comparing atezolizumab alone or with bevacizumab vs sunitinib in previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2020; 126:73-82. [PMID: 32233107 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate patient-reported outcome (PRO) data from the IMmotion150 study. The phase 2 IMmotion150 study showed improved progression-free survival with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs sunitinib in patients with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)+ tumours and suggested activity of atezolizumab monotherapy in previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated mRCC were randomised to atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenously (i.v.) every 3 weeks (n = 103), the atezolizumab regimen plus bevacizumab 15 mg/kg i.v. every 3 weeks (n = 101), or sunitinib 50 mg orally daily (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off; n = 101). The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) were administered on days 1 and 22 of each 6-week cycle. Time to deterioration (TTD), change from baseline in MDASI core and RCC symptom severity, interference with daily life, and BFI fatigue severity and interference scores were reported for all comers. The TTD was the first ≥2-point score increase over baseline. Absolute effect size ≥0.2 suggested a clinically important difference with checkpoint inhibitor therapy vs sunitinib. RESULTS Completion rates were >90% at baseline and ≥80% at most visits. Delayed TTD in core and RCC symptoms, symptom interference, fatigue, and fatigue-related interference was observed with atezolizumab (both alone and in combination) vs sunitinib. Improved TTD (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) was more pronounced with atezolizumab monotherapy: core symptoms, 0.39 (0.22-0.71); RCC symptoms, 0.22 (0.12-0.41); and symptom interference, 0.36 (0.22-0.58). Change from baseline by visit, evaluated by the MDASI, also showed a trend favouring atezolizumab monotherapy vs sunitinib. Small sample sizes may have limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions. CONCLUSION PROs suggested that atezolizumab alone or with bevacizumab maintained daily function compared with sunitinib. Notably, symptoms were least severe with atezolizumab alone vs sunitinib (IMmotion150; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01984242).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David F McDermott
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B Atkins
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Brian I Rini
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Fong
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephane Oudard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Ravaud
- CHU H__pitaux de Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elaine T Lam
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
García de Jalón S, Chiabai A, Mc Tague A, Artaza N, de Ayala A, Quiroga S, Kruize H, Suárez C, Bell R, Taylor T. Providing Access to Urban Green Spaces: A Participatory Benefit-Cost Analysis in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2818. [PMID: 32325854 PMCID: PMC7216070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The opening up of green spaces could provide significant benefits to society. This study develops a framework to assess the economic benefits and costs of public interventions providing citizen access to urban green spaces. The Thinking Fadura project in Getxo (Spain) was used as a case study. A method for participatory benefit-cost analysis is developed, where a stakeholder-participatory evaluation is combined with a standard cost-benefit analysis. The participatory evaluation followed a bottom-up approach in a sequential evaluation including three main focal points: key stakeholders and experts, visitors and the general public. The assessment demonstrates that the Thinking Fadura project's benefits outweigh the costs. The results suggest that projects designed with the purpose of improving green space accessibility to the general public can be beneficial from a societal perspective. The highest economic benefits were an increase in the amenity and recreational value and an increase in people's physical activity. The participatory evaluation indicates that giving access to people of lower socio-economic status and vulnerable groups and improving recreational use were perceived as the most beneficial. An increase in noise, dirt, and risk of criminal activities as well as potential conflicts between green space users were perceived as the most negative impacts of opening a previously restricted area to the general public. The economic assessment of Thinking Fadura project could serve as a model in the decision-making process in locations where the use of greenspaces is restricted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Chiabai
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.C.); (A.M.T.); (N.A.); (A.d.A.)
| | - Alyvia Mc Tague
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.C.); (A.M.T.); (N.A.); (A.d.A.)
| | - Naiara Artaza
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.C.); (A.M.T.); (N.A.); (A.d.A.)
- Department of Applied Economics I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Amaia de Ayala
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.C.); (A.M.T.); (N.A.); (A.d.A.)
- Department of Applied Economics I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Sonia Quiroga
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (S.Q.); (C.S.)
| | - Hanneke Kruize
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (S.Q.); (C.S.)
| | - Ruth Bell
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
| | - Timothy Taylor
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro Campus, RCH Treliske, Truro TR1 3HD, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Morales-Barrera R, Suárez C, González M, Valverde C, Serra E, Mateo J, Raventos C, Maldonado X, Morote J, Carles J. The future of bladder cancer therapy: Optimizing the inhibition of the fibroblast growth factor receptor. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102000. [PMID: 32203842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for metastatic bladder cancer (BC) have seen minimal evolution over the past 30 years, with platinum-based chemotherapy remaining the mainstay of standard of care for metastatic BC. Recently, five immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the FDA as second-line therapy, and two ICIs are approved as first-line treatment in selected patients. Molecular alterations of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) have been reported by The Cancer Genome Atlas. About 15% of patients with MIBC have molecular alterations in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) axis. Several ongoing trials are testing novel FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitors in patients with FGFR genomic aberrations. Recently, erdafitinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, was approved by the FDA in patients with metastatic BC who have progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy. We reviewed the literature over the last decade and provide a summary of current knowledge of FGF signaling, and the prognosis associated with FGFR mutations in BC. We cover the role of FGFR inhibition with non-selective and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as novel agents in metastatic BC. Efficacy and safety data including insights from mechanism-based toxicity are reported for selected populations of metastatic BC with FGFR aberrations. Current strategies to managing resistance to anti-FGFR agents is addressed, and the importance of developing reliable biomarkers as the therapeutic landscape moves towards an individualized therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Morales-Barrera
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena González
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Valverde
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Serra
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Raventos
- Department of Urology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Maldonado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Morote
- Department of Urology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Staehler MD, Hamberg P, Bigot P, Suárez C, Barthelemy P, Eymard JC, Laramas M, Taguieva Pioger N, Gross-Goupil M, Rink M, Masini C, De Vivo R, Gajate P, Azzabi A, Procopio G. CASSIOPE: A real-world study assessing the use of cabozantinib for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy in Europe. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.tps770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS770 Background: Cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGF receptor 2, and MET and AXL receptors, is approved for the treatment of aRCC in the USA and, in Europe, in treatment-naïve patients with intermediate or poor risk, as well as following VEGF-targeted therapy. The METEOR trial investigated cabozantinib as second-line (2L) or later-line therapy and showed improved progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate and overall survival vs everolimus. Adverse events (AEs) associated with cabozantinib were generally manageable in METEOR; dose interruptions and reductions occurred in 70% and 60% of patients, respectively. Here we present the design of the CASSIOPE study which aims to assess the real-life use of cabozantinib as 2L or third- or later-line (≥ 3L) therapy for aRCC. Methods: CASSIOPE is an ongoing, European, prospective, non-interventional study in adults with aRCC who have received ≥ 1 prior VEGF-targeted therapy and are initiating cabozantinib as 2L or ≥ 3L therapy according to Summary of Product Characteristics. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with dose modifications (interruption, reduction or discontinuation) due to AEs. Secondary endpoints include additional drug utilization parameters, effectiveness (overall best response, PFS), and healthcare resource utilization associated with managing treatment-related AEs. Overall, 680 patients (340 on 2L therapy; 340 on ≥ 3L therapy) will be enrolled to assess the 2-sided 95% confidence interval of the primary endpoint with a precision of ± 5%, assuming a 75% dose modification rate and ≤15% of starting doses lower than 60 mg. Visits will be based on the site's clinical practice, with a maximum follow-up of 12 months after treatment initiation, even if treatment is continued. Data collection started in April 2018. As of 9 October 2019, 336 patients have been enrolled. The overall study duration is expected to be 36 months. An interim analysis is planned when ≥ 340 patients have completed ≥ 3 months follow-up from treatment initiation. The study is funded by Ipsen Pharma. Clinical trial information: NCT03419572; EUPAS19464.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Staehler
- University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pierre Bigot
- Service d’Urologie CHU Angers, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Marine Gross-Goupil
- Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Michael Rink
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Masini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre,AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rocco De Vivo
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Pablo Gajate
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ashraf Azzabi
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lázaro M, Valderrama BP, Suárez C, de-Velasco G, Beato C, Chirivella I, González-del-Alba A, Laínez N, Méndez-Vidal MJ, Arranz JA. SEOM clinical guideline for treatment of kidney cancer (2019). Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:256-269. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this article, we review de state of the art on the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and provide recommendations on diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the subclassification of renal tumours into different histologic variants and may help to identify future prognostic and predictive factors. For patients with localized disease, surgery is the treatment of choice with nephron-sparing surgery recommended when feasible. No adjuvant therapy has demonstrated a clear benefit in overall survival. Considering the whole population of patients with advanced disease, the combination of axitinib with either pembrolizumab or avelumab increase response rate and progression-free survival, compared to sunitinib, but a longer overall survival has only been demonstrated so far with the pembrolizumab combo. For patients with IMDC intermediate and poor prognosis, nephrectomy should not be considered mandatory. In this subpopulation, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab has also demonstrated a superior response rate and overall survival vs. sunitinib. In patients progressing to one or two antiangiogenic tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, both nivolumab and cabozantinib in monotherapy have shown benefit in overall survival compared to everolimus. Although no clear sequence can be recommended, medical oncologists and patients should be aware of the recent advances and new strategies that improve survival and quality of life in patients with metastatic RCC.
Collapse
|
50
|
Nixon IJ, Shah JP, Zafereo M, Simo RS, Hay ID, Suárez C, Zbären P, Rinaldo A, Sanabria A, Silver C, Mäkitie A, Vander Poorten V, Kowalski LP, Shaha AR, Randolph GW, Ferlito A. The role of radioactive iodine in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer - An oncologic surgical perspective. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:754-762. [PMID: 31952928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With improved understanding of the biology of differentiated thyroid carcinoma its management is evolving. The approach to surgery for the primary tumour and elective nodal surgery is moving from a "one-size-fits-all" recommendation to a more personalised approach based on risk group stratification. With this selective approach to initial surgery, the indications for adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy are also changing. This selective approach to adjuvant therapy requires understanding by the entire treatment team of the rationale for RAI, the potential for benefit, the limitations of the evidence, and the potential for side-effects. This review considers the evidence base for the benefits of using RAI in the primary and recurrent setting as well as the side-effects and risks from RAI treatment. By considering the pros and cons of adjuvant therapy we present an oncologic surgical perspective on selection of treatment for patients, both following pre-operative diagnostic biopsy and in the setting of a post-operative diagnosis of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I J Nixon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - J P Shah
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Zafereo
- Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R S Simo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head, Neck and Thyroid Oncology Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - I D Hay
- Division of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - P Zbären
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Rinaldo
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - A Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Centro de Excelencia en Cirugia de Cabeza y Cuello-CEXCA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - C Silver
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Vander Poorten
- Department of Oncology, section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, and Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A R Shaha
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - G W Randolph
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|