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Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kikuchi T, Kusumi H, Arai H. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and New Incidence of Frailty among Initially Non-Frail Older Adults in Japan: A Follow-Up Online Survey. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:751-756. [PMID: 34179929 PMCID: PMC8074704 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity (PA) and the incidence of frailty among initially non-frail older adults in Japan. DESIGN A follow-up online survey. SETTING AND SUBJECTS Among the 1,600 baseline online survey participants, 388 adults were already frail, and 275 older adults did not respond to the follow-up survey. Thus, the final number of participants in this study was 937 (follow-up rate: 77.3%). METHODS We assessed the total PA time at four time points according to the COVID-19 waves in Japan: January 2020 (before the pandemic), April 2020 (during the first wave), August 2020 (during the second wave), and January 2021 (during the third wave). We then investigated the incidence of frailty during a one-year follow-up period (during the pandemic). RESULTS The total PA time during the first, second, and third waves of the pandemic decreased from the pre-pandemic PA time by 33.3%, 28.3%, and 40.0%, respectively. In particular, the total PA time of older adults who were living alone and socially inactive decreased significantly: 42.9% (first wave), 50.0% (second wave), and 61.9% (third wave) less than before the pandemic, respectively. Additionally, they were at a significantly higher risk of incident frailty than those who were not living alone and were socially active (adjusted odds ratio: 2.04 [95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.10]). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that older adults who live alone and are socially inactive are more likely to experience incident frailty/disability due to decreased PA during the pandemic. Understanding this mechanism may be crucial for maintaining the health status of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Minoru Yamada, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3942-6863, Fax: +81-3-3942-6895, E-mail address:
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Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kikuchi T, Kusumi H, Arai H. Letter to the Editor: Recovery of Physical Activity among Older Japanese Adults since the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nutr Health Aging 2020. [PMID: 33155634 PMCID: PMC7597429 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Minoru Yamada, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, JapanTel: +81-3-3942-6863, Fax: +81-3-3942-6895, E-mail address:
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Ishiyama D, Makino E, Nakamura Y, Uchida M, Shimizu H, Ono M, Horikita T. Perinatal rib fractures in 18 calves delivered from Holstein dams. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100134. [PMID: 32775764 PMCID: PMC7399173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We diagnosed rib fractures by palpation, computed tomography, and thoracic necropsy. For 163 symptomatic calves delivered from Holstein-Friesian dams on farms in Japan, 11.0% (18) showed rib fractures by palpation. Four of five calves that were scanned or necropsied presented with pneumonia despite not having tracheal stenosis. Rib fractures decreased sale prices at a livestock market and longevity.
Cranial rib fractures during dystocia and the ensuing callus formations in calves often cause tracheal stenosis. Rib fractures may affect the lung since ribs tend to fracture above the costochondral junction during delivery. Considering that calving assistance rates for dystocia are high, calves with fractured ribs may develop respiratory disease which results in economic loss. The objective of this study was to elucidate the contribution of rib fractures to economic loss through respiratory disease in calves. Of 163 sick calves delivered from Holstein-Friesian dams included in this study, a total of 18 rib fractured calves was found, giving an incidence of rib fracture in sick calves of 11.0%. There were significant differences in incidence by the rib involved, indicating the 2nd to 7th ribs tend to break. Many of the rib fractured calves showed dyspnea and pyrexia. In this study, four of five scanned or necropsied calves had pneumonia lesions despite the fact that these four calves did not have tracheal stenosis. Rib fractured calves sold at below market value with a median difference from average sale price of minus 64,861 yen. Survival analysis indicated an overall association between rib fracture and time to death. In this study, we demonstrated that rib fractures happened most frequently in the 2nd to 7th ribs, and these cases tended to cause pneumonia, which decreased sale prices and longevity. Farmers should work to reduce risks and rates of dystocia so as to lessen economic loss and poor welfare in calves due to rib fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ishiyama
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - E. Makino
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - M. Uchida
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - H. Shimizu
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - M. Ono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - T. Horikita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kikuchi T, Kusumi H, Arai H. Letter to the Editor: Recovery of Physical Activity among Older Japanese Adults since the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:1036-1037. [PMID: 33155634 PMCID: PMC7597429 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Minoru Yamada, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, JapanTel: +81-3-3942-6863, Fax: +81-3-3942-6895, E-mail address:
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Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Nishio N, Otobe Y, Tanaka T, Ohji S, Koyama S, Sato A, Suzuki M, Ogawa H, Ichikawa T, Ito D, Arai H. Phase Angle Is a Useful indicator for Muscle Function in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:251-255. [PMID: 30820513 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Phase angle (PhA) can be determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis and is a unique variable for skeletal muscle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PhA and muscle mass/quality in older adults. In addition, we attempted to determine the cutoff value of PhA for poor muscle function. METHODS Community-dwelling Japanese older men (n=285, 81.1±7.1 years) and women (n=724, 80.4±6.8 years) participated in this study and were classified into four groups based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (normal, presarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia). We measured PhA using bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle quantity and quality indicators using ultrasonography, muscle strength, and physical performance and compared them in four groups. We also tried to determine the cutoff value of PhA for poor muscle function. RESULTS We found a significant difference in PhA among the four groups in men (P<0.05), and the dynapenia (3.61±0.75°) and sarcopenia groups (3.40±0.74°) showed significantly lower values than the normal group (4.50±0.86°) (P<0.05), but not the presarcopenia group (4.12±0.85°). In women, a significant difference was also observed among the four groups (P<0.05), and the dynapenia (3.41±0.65°) and sarcopenia groups (3.31±0.66°) showed significantly lower measures than the normal group (4.14±0.71°) (P<0.05), but not the presarcopenia group (4.07±0.51°). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the best cutoff value of PhA (men: 4.05°, women: 3.55°) to discriminate sarcopenia and dynapenia from normal and presarcopenia. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PhA is a useful indicator for muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Minoru Yamada, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, JapanTel: +81-3-3942-6863, Fax: +81-3-3942-6895, Email address:
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Kimura Y, Yamada M, Ishiyama D, Nishio N, Kunieda Y, Koyama S, Sato A, Otobe Y, Ohji S, Suzuki M, Ogawa H, Ito D, Ichikawa T, Hamanaka K, Tanaka N, Muroh Y. Impact of unilateral spatial neglect with or without other cognitive impairments on independent gait recovery in stroke survivors. J Rehabil Med 2019; 51:26-31. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Nishio N, Tanaka T, Ohji S, Otobe Y, Koyama S, Sato A, Suzuki M, Ogawa H, Ichikawa T, Ito D, Arai H. Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations Are Associated with Muscle Function in Older Japanese Women. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:819-823. [PMID: 30080226 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several previous studies have found benefits for amino acid supplementation in terms of muscle function, the role of plasma amino acid concentrations on sarcopenia are not well addressed yet. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the amino acid concentrations at each stage of sarcopenia (normal, pre-sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia) in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. SETTING AND SUBJECTS Community-dwelling older Japanese women (n=232, 79.4±7.0 years) participated in this study. MEASUREMENTS We measured plasma amino acid concentrations, 5-m walking speed, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass using a bioelectrical impedance data acquisition system and compared them among participants at each stage of sarcopenia. RESULTS The proportions of normal, pre-sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia patients were 40.5% (n=94), 12.1% (n=28), 26.3% (n=61), and 21.1% (n=49), respectively. Significant differences were observed for concentrations of leucine, branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs), and essential amino acid (EAAs) among the four groups (p<0.05), and the dynapenia and sarcopenia groups showed significantly lower concentrations of leucine than the normal group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated a positive relationship between plasma leucine, BCAA and EAA concentrations and muscle function. A longitudinal study is needed to determine the causal relationship between leucine/BCAA concentrations and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Minoru Yamada, PT, PhD, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan, Tel.: +81-3-3942-6863, Fax: +81-3-3942-6895, E-mail address:
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Ishiyama D, Yamada M, Makino A, Iwasaki S, Otobe Y, Shinohara A, Nishio N, Kimura Y, Itagaki A, Koyama S, Yagi M, Matsunaga Y, Mizuno K, Matsushita K. The cut-off point of short physical performance battery score for sarcopenia in older cardiac inpatients. Eur Geriatr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kanai Y, Ishiyama D, Senda H, Iwatani W, Takahashi H, Konno H, Tokumasu S, Kanazawa S. Novel human topoisomerase I inhibitors, topopyrones A, B, C and D. I. Producing strain, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:863-72. [PMID: 11099218 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the course of a screening program for specific inhibitors of human topoisomerase I using a recombinant yeast, we have discovered four new active compounds. All four compounds were isolated from the culture broth of a fungus, Phoma sp. BAUA2861, and two of them were isolated from the culture broth of a fungus, Penicillium sp. BAUA4206. We designated these compounds as topopyrones A, B, C and D. Topopyrones A, B, C and D selectively inhibited recombinant yeast growth dependent on expression of human topoisomerase I with IC50 values of 1.22, 0.15, 4.88 and 19.63 ng/ml, respectively. The activity and selectivity of topopyrone B were comparable to those of camptothecin. The relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 DNA by human DNA topoisomerase I was inhibited by these compounds, however they did not inhibit human DNA topoisomerase II. Topopyrones A, B, C and D were cytotoxic to all tumor cell lines when tested in vitro. Topopyrone B has potent inhibitory activity against herpesvirus, especially varicella zoster virus (VZV). It inhibited VZV growth with EC50 value of 0.038 microg/ml, which is 24-fold stronger than that of acyclovir (0.9 microg/ml). Topopyrones A, B, and C were inhibitory to Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanai
- Institute of Biotechnology Applied to Soil Eumycetes, Akita, Japan
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Ishiyama D, Kanai Y, Senda H, Iwatani W, Iwatani W, Konno H, Kanazawa S. Novel human topoisomerase I inhibitors, topopyrones A, B, C and D. II. Structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:873-8. [PMID: 11099219 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures of novel topoisomerase I inhibitors, topopyrones A, B, C and D were elucidated by spectral analysis of the chemical derivatives. These compounds are an anthraquinone type containing a fused 1,4-pyrone moiety. Topopyrones A and B contain a chlorine atom, however C and D do not. It was suggested that topopyrones B and D are converted from topopyrones A and C, respectively by Wessely-Moser type rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ishiyama
- Metabolism Research, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan
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Ishiyama D, Satou T, Senda H, Fujimaki T, Honda R, Kanazawa S. Heptaibin, a novel antifungal peptaibol antibiotic from Emericellopsis sp. BAUA8289. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:728-32. [PMID: 10994817 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Ishiyama
- Institute of Biotechnology Applied to Soil Eumycetes, Akita, Japan
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Sato T, Ishiyama D, Honda R, Senda H, Konno H, Tokumasu S, Kanazawa S. Glomosporin, a novel antifungal cyclic depsipeptide from Glomospora sp. I. Production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:597-602. [PMID: 10966075 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel antifungal cyclic depsipeptide termed glomosporin, which has a fatty acyl side chain, was isolated from a barley solid culture of Glomospora sp. The strain was isolated from fallen pine leaves collected in Fukusima Prefecture, Japan and identified as Glomospora sp. BAUA 2825. Glomosporin was purified by butanol extraction followed by preparative HPLC. Glomosporin showed antimicrobial activity against fungi including clinically important Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Institute of Biotechnology Applied to Soil Eumycetes, Akita, Japan
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Ishiyama D, Sato T, Honda R, Senda H, Konno H, Kanazawa S. Glomosporin, a novel antifungal cyclic depsipeptide from Glomospora sp. II. Structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000; 53:525-31. [PMID: 10908117 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.53.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of glomosporin, an antifungal antibiotic, was elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic studies. Glomosporin is a novel cyclic depsipeptide with an amino acid sequence Ser-Ala-Asp-Asn-Asn-Ser-Thr, and a 3,4-dihydroxy-4-methylhexadecanoic acid side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ishiyama
- Institute of Biotechnology Applied to Soil Eumycetes, Akita, Japan
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Ishiyama D, Futamata K, Futamata M, Kasuya O, Kamo S, Yamashita F, Kanazawa S. Novel selective inhibitors for human topoisomerase I, BM2419-1 and -2 derived from saintopin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1998; 51:1069-74. [PMID: 10048564 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.51.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds BM2419-1 and -2 were isolated from a culture broth of a fungus Paecilomyces sp. BM2419. It was shown that these novel compounds were artifacts derived from saintopin, a dual inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II by independent processes. In the human topoisomerase I inhibition assay using the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BM2419-1 and -2 inhibited selectively the yeast growth dependent on human topoisomerase I induction with IC50 values of 0.3 ng/ml and 6.0 ng/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ishiyama
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Kaken Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Shizuoka, Japan
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Kawagishi H, Ishiyama D, Mori H, Sakamoto H, Ishiguro Y, Furukawa S, Li J. Dictyophorines A and B, two stimulators of NGF-synthesis from the mushroom Dictyophora indusiata. Phytochemistry 1997; 45:1203-1205. [PMID: 9272967 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two novel eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, dictyophorines A and B, and a known compound, teucrenone, were isolated from the mushroom Dictyophora indusiata. Dictyophorines A and B promoted nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis by astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kawagishi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Shizuoka University, Japan
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