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Rakaee M, Andersen S, Giannikou K, Paulsen EE, Kilvaer TK, Busund LTR, Berg T, Richardsen E, Lombardi AP, Adib E, Pedersen MI, Tafavvoghi M, Wahl SGF, Petersen RH, Bondgaard AL, Yde CW, Baudet C, Licht P, Lund-Iversen M, Grønberg BH, Fjellbirkeland L, Helland Å, Pøhl M, Kwiatkowski DJ, Donnem T. Machine learning-based immune phenotypes correlate with STK11/KEAP1 co-mutations and prognosis in resectable NSCLC: a sub-study of the TNM-I trial. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:578-588. [PMID: 37100205 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to implement an immune cell score model in routine clinical practice for resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (NCT03299478). Molecular and genomic features associated with immune phenotypes in NSCLC have not been explored in detail. PATIENTS AND METHODS We developed a machine learning (ML)-based model to classify tumors into one of three categories: inflamed, altered, and desert, based on the spatial distribution of CD8+ T cells in two prospective (n = 453; TNM-I trial) and retrospective (n = 481) stage I-IIIA NSCLC surgical cohorts. NanoString assays and targeted gene panel sequencing were used to evaluate the association of gene expression and mutations with immune phenotypes. RESULTS Among the total of 934 patients, 24.4% of tumors were classified as inflamed, 51.3% as altered, and 24.3% as desert. There were significant associations between ML-derived immune phenotypes and adaptive immunity gene expression signatures. We identified a strong association of the nuclear factor-κB pathway and CD8+ T-cell exclusion through a positive enrichment in the desert phenotype. KEAP1 [odds ratio (OR) 0.27, Q = 0.02] and STK11 (OR 0.39, Q = 0.04) were significantly co-mutated in non-inflamed lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) compared to the inflamed phenotype. In the retrospective cohort, the inflamed phenotype was an independent prognostic factor for prolonged disease-specific survival and time to recurrence (hazard ratio 0.61, P = 0.01 and 0.65, P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS ML-based immune phenotyping by spatial distribution of T cells in resected NSCLC is able to identify patients at greater risk of disease recurrence after surgical resection. LUADs with concurrent KEAP1 and STK11 mutations are enriched for altered and desert immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rakaee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso.
| | - S Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - K Giannikou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E-E Paulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso
| | - T K Kilvaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - L-T R Busund
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso; Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - T Berg
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso; Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - E Richardsen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso; Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - A P Lombardi
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - E Adib
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - M I Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso
| | - M Tafavvoghi
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso
| | - S G F Wahl
- Department of Oncology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - R H Petersen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - A L Bondgaard
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
| | - C W Yde
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
| | - C Baudet
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
| | - P Licht
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
| | - B H Grønberg
- Department of Oncology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L Fjellbirkeland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Å Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Pøhl
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - T Donnem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Hernandez JOR, Wang X, Vazquez-Segoviano M, Lopez-Marfil M, Sobral-Reyes MF, Moran-Horowich A, Sundberg M, Lopez-Cantu DO, Probst CK, Ruiz-Esparza GU, Giannikou K, Abdi R, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Sahin M, Lemos DR. A tissue-bioengineering strategy for modeling rare human kidney diseases in vivo. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6496. [PMID: 34764250 PMCID: PMC8586030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of animal models for some human diseases precludes our understanding of disease mechanisms and our ability to test prospective therapies in vivo. Generation of kidney organoids from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) patient-derived-hiPSCs allows us to recapitulate a rare kidney tumor called angiomyolipoma (AML). Organoids derived from TSC2-/- hiPSCs but not from isogenic TSC2+/- or TSC2+/+ hiPSCs share a common transcriptional signature and a myomelanocytic cell phenotype with kidney AMLs, and develop epithelial cysts, replicating two major TSC-associated kidney lesions driven by genetic mechanisms that cannot be consistently recapitulated with transgenic mice. Transplantation of multiple TSC2-/- renal organoids into the kidneys of immunodeficient rats allows us to model AML in vivo for the study of tumor mechanisms, and to test the efficacy of rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles as an approach to rapidly ablate AMLs. Collectively, our experimental approaches represent an innovative and scalable tissue-bioengineering strategy for modeling rare kidney disease in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O R Hernandez
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - X Wang
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - M Lopez-Marfil
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M F Sobral-Reyes
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Moran-Horowich
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Sundberg
- Rosamund Zander Stone Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D O Lopez-Cantu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - C K Probst
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - G U Ruiz-Esparza
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - K Giannikou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - R Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E P Henske
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D J Kwiatkowski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Sahin
- Rosamund Zander Stone Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D R Lemos
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Treichel AM, Kwiatkowski DJ, Moss J, Darling TN. A diagnostic algorithm for enhanced detection of mosaic tuberous sclerosis complex in adults. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:235-237. [PMID: 31287558 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Treichel
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - J Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T N Darling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lin CW, Zhang DS, Kwiatkowski DJ, Shipley WU, Scott McDougal W, Yandell DW. Potential location of a bladder tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9q at 9q13 to 9q22.1. Urol Oncol 2012; 1:88-92. [PMID: 21224098 DOI: 10.1016/1078-1439(95)00024-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/1994] [Accepted: 03/24/1995] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allelic losses involving chromosome 9q occur in a significant percentage of bladder tumors. Experimental evidence suggests that a putative tumor suppressor gene located on this chromosome may play a role in the development of bladder cancer. The precise location of this potential tumor suppressor gene is not clear. Previous studies have targeted a large region between 9p12-13 and 9q22 or 9p12 and 9q34.1 as the likely site. To further delineate the location of this gene, we examined 49 tumors by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis, using seven microsatellite polymorhpic loci spanning from 9p21 to 9q34 of the chromosome. LOH was found in at least one of the loci in 20 (41%) of the tumors examined, and the majority (12 of 17; 71%) of the losses on 9q involved large segments or the entire chromosome arm. Although many of the tumors with large losses on 9q also involved 9p21, several tumors with small losses did not involve the 9p marker. Conversely, there were tumors with 9p21 losses that did not involve the q-arm. These data agree with recent findings that distinct tumor suppressor genes associated with bladder cancer are located on separate arms of chromosome 9. Among tumors with single locus LOHs, the most common deletion was located in 9q 13-21.2, which was detected by probe D9S15. This also is the smallest area of critical loss when LOH patterns of tumors with partial or interstitial losses were examined. Results of the study therefore suggest that a potential tumor suppressor gene may reside within or near the region of 9q13-22.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lin
- Urology Research Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
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5
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Kris MG, Johnson BE, Kwiatkowski DJ, Iafrate AJ, Wistuba II, Aronson SL, Engelman JA, Shyr Y, Khuri FR, Rudin CM, Garon EB, Pao W, Schiller JH, Haura EB, Shirai K, Giaccone G, Berry LD, Kugler K, Minna JD, Bunn PA. Identification of driver mutations in tumor specimens from 1,000 patients with lung adenocarcinoma: The NCI’s Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.18_suppl.cra7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CRA7506 Background: The ability to detect driver mutations like EGFR and EML4-ALK in tumor specimens from patients with lung cancer and administer agents targeting those molecular lesions has revolutionized the management of adenocarcinoma of the lung. The availability of multiplexed assays to detect mutations permits the identification of multiple driver mutations from tumors at diagnosis. The number of molecular lesions and new agents to target them continues to grow. To exploit this, we created the LCMC to determine 10 driver mutations in tumors from 1,000 patients and to give the results to clinicians for care and entry onto targeted therapeutic trials based on these findings. Methods: The 14 member LCMC is prospectively enrolling patients to test tumors from patients with lung adenocarcinoma in CLIA laboratories for KRAS, EGFR, HER2, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MEK1, and NRAS using standard multiplexed assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for ALK rearrangements and MET amplifications. All are stage IIIB/IV, PS 0-2, have available tissue, and signed consent. Results: 830 patients have been registered with 50 enrolling monthly. We detected a driver mutation in 60% (252/422, 95% CI 55 to 65%) of tumors thus far. Mutations found: KRAS 107 (25%, 95% CI 21 to 30%), EGFR 98 (23%, 95% CI 19 to 27%), ALK rearrangements 14 (6%, 95% CI 4 to11%), BRAF 12 (3%, 95% CI 1 to 5%), PIK3CA 11 (3%, 95% CI 1 to 5%), MET amplifications 4 (2%, 95% CI 0.5 to 5%), HER2 3, (1%, 95% CI 0.1 to 2%), MEK1 2 (0.4%, 95% CI 0.1 to 2%), NRAS 1 (0.2%, 95% CI 0.01 to 1%), AKT1 0 (0%, 95% CI 0 to 1%). 95% of molecular lesions were mutually exclusive. Conclusions: We detected an actionable driver mutation in 60% of tumors from prospectively studied patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Results of EGFR mutation testing are given to treating physicians to select erlotinib as initial treatment per NCCN and ASCO guidelines. Patients with other driver mutations are offered participation in LCMC-linked trials of agents targeting the mutation identified, e.g. crizotinib with EML4-ALK. At half of LCMC sites, multiplexed testing for all mutations is now routine practice in their pathology departments. Supported by 1RC2CA148394-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Kris
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - B. E. Johnson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - D. J. Kwiatkowski
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - A. J. Iafrate
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - I. I. Wistuba
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - S. L. Aronson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - J. A. Engelman
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - Y. Shyr
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - F. R. Khuri
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - C. M. Rudin
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - E. B. Garon
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - W. Pao
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - J. H. Schiller
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - E. B. Haura
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - K. Shirai
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - G. Giaccone
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - L. D. Berry
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - K. Kugler
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - J. D. Minna
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
| | - P. A. Bunn
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Partners Health Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; The Johns Hopkins University, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; David
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Kris MG, Johnson BE, Kwiatkowski DJ, Iafrate AJ, Wistuba II, Aronson SL, Engelman JA, Shyr Y, Khuri FR, Rudin CM, Garon EB, Pao W, Schiller JH, Haura EB, Shirai K, Giaccone G, Berry LD, Kugler K, Minna JD, Bunn PA. Identification of driver mutations in tumor specimens from 1,000 patients with lung adenocarcinoma: The NCI’s Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.cra7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ortiz TM, Joshi VA, Heon S, Butaney M, Chen L, Jackman DM, Kwiatkowski DJ, Lindeman NI, Janne PA, Johnson BE. The introduction of systematic genomic testing for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Camposano SE, Greenberg E, Kwiatkowski DJ, Thiele EA. Distinct clinical characteristics of tuberous sclerosis complex patients with no mutation identified. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 73:141-6. [PMID: 19133941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multi-system disorder that is highly variable in its clinical presentation. Current molecular diagnostic methods permit identification of mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 in 75-85% of TSC patients. Here we examine the clinical characteristics of those TSC patients who have no mutation identified (NMI). A retrospective review of our patient population that had comprehensive testing for mutations in TSC1/TSC2 identified 23/157 (15%) that were NMI. NMI patients had a lower incidence of brain findings on imaging studies, neurological features, and renal findings than those with TSC2 mutations. In contrast, NMI patients had a lower incidence of seizures than TSC patients with TSC1 mutations, but had a higher incidence of both renal angiomyolipomas and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. This distinct constellation of findings suggest that NMI patients may have a unique molecular pathogenesis, different from that seen in TSC patients with the usual mutations in TSC1 and TSC2. We suggest that the mechanisms of disease in these patients include both mosaicism for a TSC2 mutation, and unusual non-coding region mutations in TSC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Camposano
- Carol and James Herscot Center for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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9
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Chasman DI, Kozlowski P, Zee RY, Kwiatkowski DJ, Ridker PM. Qualitative and quantitative effects of APOE genetic variation on plasma C-reactive protein, LDL-cholesterol, and apoE protein. Genes Immun 2007; 7:211-9. [PMID: 16511556 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A genetic link between lipid metabolism and inflammation has been suggested by the association between variation in the APOE gene and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). This association was confirmed among Caucasians and extended to an African-American population, and the well-known associations of APOE variation with LDL-C and apoE protein were also observed. While eight common variants in APOE were examined, the association with CRP involved primarily the two nonsynonymous SNPs that define the major epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 alleles. In particular, the strongest link involved lower CRP levels among carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele that also contributes to the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases as well as to higher lipid levels. A lesser effect was characterized by lower CRP levels among carriers of a subtype of the epsilon3 allele. The magnitude of the association with plasma CRP was at least as great as the effect of variation in the CRP gene itself. Quantitative analysis suggested that the effect on CRP is more likely a consequence of intrinsic functional differences among the E2, E3, and E4 apoE proteins than different levels of apoE protein or LDL-C in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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10
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Chasman DI, Kozlowski P, Zee RY, Kwiatkowski DJ, Ridker PM. Qualitative and quantitative effects of APOE genetic variation on plasma C-reactive protein, LDL-cholesterol, and apoE protein. Genes Immun 2007. [PMID: 16511556 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A genetic link between lipid metabolism and inflammation has been suggested by the association between variation in the APOE gene and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). This association was confirmed among Caucasians and extended to an African-American population, and the well-known associations of APOE variation with LDL-C and apoE protein were also observed. While eight common variants in APOE were examined, the association with CRP involved primarily the two nonsynonymous SNPs that define the major epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 alleles. In particular, the strongest link involved lower CRP levels among carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele that also contributes to the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases as well as to higher lipid levels. A lesser effect was characterized by lower CRP levels among carriers of a subtype of the epsilon3 allele. The magnitude of the association with plasma CRP was at least as great as the effect of variation in the CRP gene itself. Quantitative analysis suggested that the effect on CRP is more likely a consequence of intrinsic functional differences among the E2, E3, and E4 apoE proteins than different levels of apoE protein or LDL-C in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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11
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Suk Danik J, Chasman DI, Cannon CP, Miller DT, Zee RYL, Kozlowski P, Kwiatkowski DJ, Ridker PM. Influence of genetic variation in the C-reactive protein gene on the inflammatory response during and after acute coronary ischemia. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 70:705-16. [PMID: 17044845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess whether common genetic variants within the C-reactive protein gene (CRP) are related to the degree of acute rise in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). While polymorphisms within CRP are associated with basal CRP levels in healthy men and women, less is known about the relationship of such genetic variants and the degree of CRP rise during and after acute ischemia. Plasma CRP is associated with increased rates of recurrent coronary events. We evaluated seven common genetic variants within CRP and assessed their relationship to the degree of rise in CRP levels immediately following an acute coronary syndrome in 1827 European American patients. Variants in the putative promoter region, -757T > C and -286C > T > A, were associated with the highest CRP elevations after ACS. Patients with two copies of the A allele of SNP -286C > T > A had median CRP values of 76.6 mg/L, compared to 11.1 mg/L in patients with no copies of the rare variant (p-value <0.0001), post ACS. The lowest CRP values were found for patients with minor alleles of the exonic 1059G > C and the 3'untranslated region 1846G > A SNPs. For example, patients homozygous for the minor allele of 1059G > C had 71% lower median CRP values than those homozygous for the major allele [3.5 vs 12.0 mg/L, p < 0.0001]. These trends persisted in the chronic stable phase after ischemia had resolved, and after adjustment for infarct size by peak creatinine kinase levels and clinical status by Killip class. Assessment of CRP genetic variants identified patients with higher and lower CRP elevation after acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suk Danik
- The Donald W Reynolds Center for Cardiovascular Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a systemic inflammatory state, marked by elevations in serum inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP). The present study sought to determine epidemiological predictors of CRP levels, to estimate the genetic influence on CRP levels, and to identify genetic variants that affect CRP in a family-based study of COPD. CRP was measured by a high-sensitivity assay in participants from the Boston Early-Onset COPD Study. Predictors of CRP level were determined using multilevel linear models. Variance component analysis was used to estimate heritability and to perform genome-wide linkage analysis for CRP levels. Two variants in the surfactant protein B (SFTPB) gene were tested for association with CRP levels. Increased age, female sex, higher body mass index, greater smoking pack-yrs and reduced forced expiratory volume in one second were all associated with increased CRP levels. There was a significant genetic influence on CRP (heritability = 0.25). Genome-wide linkage analysis revealed several potentially interesting chromosomal regions, though no significant evidence for linkage was found. A short tandem repeat marker near SFTPB was significantly associated with CRP levels. There is a genetic influence on C-reactive protein levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Preliminary evidence suggests an association of the surfactant protein B gene with systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Hersh
- Channing Laboratory, Pulmonary/Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Miller DT, Zee RYL, Suk Danik J, Kozlowski P, Chasman DI, Lazarus R, Cook NR, Ridker PM, Kwiatkowski DJ. Association of CommonCRPGene Variants with CRP Levels and Cardiovascular Events. Ann Hum Genet 2005; 69:623-38. [PMID: 16266402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-documented marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. We resequenced CRP to identify a comprehensive set of common SNP variants, then studied and replicated their association with baseline CRP level among apparently healthy subjects in the Women's Health Study (WHS; n = 717), Pravastatin Inflammation/CRP Evaluation trial (PRINCE; n = 1,110) and Physicians' Health Study (PHS; n = 509) cohorts. The minor alleles of four SNPs were consistently associated in all three cohorts with higher CRP, while the minor alleles of two SNPs were associated with lower CRP (p < 0.05 for each). Single marker and haplotype analysis in all three cohorts were consistent with functional roles for the 5'-flanking triallelic SNP -286C>T>A and the 3'-UTR SNP 1846G>A. None of the SNPs associated with higher CRP were associated with risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI) or ischemic stroke in a prospective, nested case-control study design from the PHS cohort (610 case-control pairs). One SNP, -717A>G, was unrelated to CRP levels but associated with decreased risk of MI (p = 0.001). Taken together, these data imply significant interactions between both genetic and environmental contributions to the increased CRP levels that predict a greater risk of future atherothrombotic events in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Miller
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Tantisira K, Klimecki WT, Lazarus R, Palmer LJ, Raby BA, Kwiatkowski DJ, Silverman E, Vercelli D, Martinez FD, Weiss ST. Toll-like receptor 6 gene (TLR6): single-nucleotide polymorphism frequencies and preliminary association with the diagnosis of asthma. Genes Immun 2005; 5:343-6. [PMID: 15266299 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) is one of a series of highly conserved innate immune receptors. We resequenced TLR6 in DNA samples from 24 African Americans, 23 European Americans, and 24 Hispanic Americans, identifying 53 SNPs, 22 with an allele frequency >5%. Significant differences in SNP frequencies among the three populations were noted. In all, 11 SNPs caused amino-acid changes, including one with a frequency >5% in all three populations. Utilizing this SNP (Ser249Pro), we performed exploratory nested case-control disease-association studies, including one involving 56 African Americans with asthma and 93 African American controls. The minor allele of this SNP was associated with decreased risk for asthma (odds ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.87, P=0.01), an effect consistent with the known biology of the toll-like receptors. Although replication of this finding in other, larger samples is needed, variation in TLR6 may have relevance to the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tantisira
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Roberts PS, Dabora S, Thiele EA, Franz DN, Jozwiak S, Kwiatkowski DJ. Somatic mosaicism is rare in unaffected parents of patients with sporadic tuberous sclerosis. J Med Genet 2004; 41:e69. [PMID: 15121797 PMCID: PMC1735761 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.014126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P S Roberts
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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O'Connor SE, Kwiatkowski DJ, Roberts PS, Wollmann RL, Huttenlocher PR. A family with seizures and minor features of tuberous sclerosis and a novel TSC2 mutation. Neurology 2003; 61:409-12. [PMID: 12913212 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000073272.47681.bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors studied nine members of a family that demonstrated a limited form of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Cutaneous findings were limited to hypopigmented macules in four patients. Five family members had recurrent seizures, and three of these had migrational defects of the cerebral mantle. Mutational analysis of TSC2 indicated the presence of the novel missense change 3106T-->C, 1036S-->P in all family members with seizures. The findings suggest that this mild variant form of TSC is due to a novel TSC2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E O'Connor
- University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant hamartoma syndrome whose causative genes (TSC1 and TSC2) were identified 5 and 9 years ago respectively. Their encoded proteins are large, and apart from a strong binding interaction with each other, relatively little was known about their biochemical function. Recent studies in Drosophila have pinpointed a critical function for the DrosophilaTSC1/TSC2 homologues in the regulation of cell size. Epistasis experiments and a variety of biochemical studies that followed have indicated a critical function for these proteins in the highly conserved PI-3-kinase-Akt-mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kwiatkowski
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Witke W, Li W, Kwiatkowski DJ, Southwick FS. Comparisons of CapG and gelsolin-null macrophages: demonstration of a unique role for CapG in receptor-mediated ruffling, phagocytosis, and vesicle rocketing. J Cell Biol 2001; 154:775-84. [PMID: 11514591 PMCID: PMC2196452 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Capping the barbed ends of actin filaments is a critical step for regulating actin-based motility in nonmuscle cells. The in vivo function of CapG, a calcium-sensitive barbed end capping protein and member of the gelsolin/villin family, has been assessed using a null Capg allele engineered into mice. Both CapG-null mice and CapG/gelsolin double-null mice appear normal and have no gross functional abnormalities. However, the loss of CapG in bone marrow macrophages profoundly inhibits macrophage colony stimulating factor-stimulated ruffling; reintroduction of CapG protein by microinjection fully restores this function. CapG-null macrophages also demonstrate approximately 50% impairment of immunoglobulin G, and complement-opsonized phagocytosis and lanthanum-induced vesicle rocketing. These motile functions are not impaired in gelsolin-null macrophages and no additive effects are observed in CapG/gelsolin double-null macrophages, establishing that CapG function is distinct from, and does not overlap with, gelsolin in macrophages. Our observations indicate that CapG is required for receptor-mediated ruffling, and that it is a major functional component of macrophage phagocytosis. These primary effects on macrophage motile function suggest that CapG may be a useful target for the regulation of macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Witke
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Franz DN, Brody A, Meyer C, Leonard J, Chuck G, Dabora S, Sethuraman G, Colby TV, Kwiatkowski DJ, McCormack FX. Mutational and radiographic analysis of pulmonary disease consistent with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia in women with tuberous sclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:661-8. [PMID: 11520734 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.4.2011025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) produce cystic and nodular disease, respectively, in the lungs of patients with tuberous sclerosis. The objective of this study was to prospectively characterize the prevalence, clinical presentation, and genetic basis of lung disease in TSC. We performed genotyping and computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of the chest on 23 asymptomatic women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Cystic pulmonary parenchymal changes consistent with LAM were found in nine patients (39%). These patients tended to be older than cyst-negative patients (31.9 +/- 7.6 yr versus 24.8 +/- 11.6 yr, p = 0.09). There was no correlation between presence of cysts and tobacco use, age at menarche, history of pregnancy, or estrogen-containing medications. Three of the cyst-positive patients had a prior history of pneumothorax. Pulmonary function studies revealed evidence of gas trapping but normal spirometric indices in the cyst-positive group. All nine cyst-positive patients had angiomyolipomas (AML), which were larger (p < 0.05) and more frequently required intervention (p = 0.08) than cyst-negative patients (8 of 14 with AMLs, p < 0.05). Ten patients (43%) had pulmonary parenchymal nodules. Pulmonary nodules were more common in women with cysts (78% versus 21%, p < 0.05), and 52% of all patients had either cystic or nodular changes. TSC2 mutations were identified in all cyst-positive patients who were tested (n = 8), whereas both TSC1 and TSC2 mutations were found in patients with nodular disease. Correlation of the mutational and radiographic data revealed one pair of sisters who were discordant for cystic disease, two mother- daughter pairs who were discordant for nodular disease, and no clear association between cyst development and a specific mutational type. This prospective analysis demonstrates that cystic and nodular pulmonary changes consistent with LAM and MMPH are common in women with TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Franz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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20
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Thor AD, Edgerton SM, Liu S, Moore DH, Kwiatkowski DJ. Gelsolin as a negative prognostic factor and effector of motility in erbB-2-positive epidermal growth factor receptor-positive breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:2415-24. [PMID: 11489821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE erbB-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may mediate motility via signaling that enables changes in the actin cytoskeleton. A physical basis for this motility may depend on the coexpression of gelsolin, a M(r) 80,000 actin-binding protein. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of erbB-2, EGFR, and gelsolin was analyzed in 790 archival invasive breast cancers. These data were compared with histological, clinical, and outcome data (median follow-up, 16.3 years). RESULTS Protein overexpression was observed in overlapping subsets of breast cancers (38% of cases were erbB-2+; 15% of cases were EGFR+; and 56% of cases were gelsolin+). Tumor gelsolin was associated with overexpression of erbB-2 and EGFR, as well as with an aggressive tumor phenotype. By univariate and multivariate analyses, tumor gelsolin alone was not a prognostic factor. Overexpression of all three factors significantly predicted poor clinical outcome by univariate and multivariate analyses. For example, in node-positive patients, coexpression of all three markers was associated with a 3-year disease-specific survival (as compared with erbB-2+, EGFR+, gelsolin- patients, who had a median survival of 6 years). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that gelsolin coexpression may be an important additional prognostic factor in erbB-2+, EGFR+ breast cancer patients. We hypothesize that this is due to the role of gelsolin in mediating motility and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Thor
- Evanston Northwestern Hospital Research Institute and Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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21
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Witke W, Sutherland JD, Sharpe A, Arai M, Kwiatkowski DJ. Profilin I is essential for cell survival and cell division in early mouse development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:3832-6. [PMID: 11274401 PMCID: PMC31138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.051515498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins are thought to play a central role in the regulation of de novo actin assembly by preventing spontaneous actin polymerization through the binding of actin monomers, and the adding of monomeric actin to the barbed actin-filament ends. Other cellular functions of profilin in membrane trafficking and lipid based signaling are also likely. Binding of profilins to signaling molecules such as Arp2/3 complex, Mena, VASP, N-WASP, dynamin I, and others, further implicates profilin and actin as regulators of diverse motile activities. In mouse, two profilins are expressed from two distinct genes. Profilin I is expressed at high levels in all tissues and throughout development, whereas profilin II is expressed in neuronal cells. To examine the function of profilin I in vivo, we generated a null profilin I (pfn1(ko)) allele in mice. Homozygous pfn1(ko/ko) mice are not viable. Pfn1(ko/ko) embryos died as early as the two-cell stage, and no pfn1(ko/ko) blastocysts were detectable. Adult pfn1(ko/wt) mice show a 50% reduction in profilin I expression with no apparent impairment of cell function. However, pfn1(ko/wt) embryos have reduced survival during embryogenesis compared with wild type. Although weakly expressed in early embryos, profilin II cannot compensate for lack of profilin I. Our results indicate that mouse profilin I is an essential protein that has dosage-dependent effects on cell division and survival during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Witke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-Monterotondo, Mouse Biology Program, Via Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy.
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22
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Roberts PS, Jozwiak S, Kwiatkowski DJ, Dabora SL. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is a highly sensitive, semi-automated method for identifying mutations in the TSC1 gene. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2001; 47:33-7. [PMID: 11179759 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and automated methods for the detection of DNA sequence variation are required for a wide variety of genetic studies. Diagnostic testing in human genetic disorders is one application of such methods. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant familial tumor syndrome characterized by the development of benign tumors (hamartomas) in multiple organs (OMIM # 19110, #191092). There is a high frequency of sporadic cases and significant demand from patients and families for genetic testing information. Two TSC genes have been identified (TSC1 and TSC2) and together account for all cases [1,2]. Here we report our methods for DHPLC analysis of the TSC1 gene and demonstrate the high sensitivity of this method in a blinded analysis of 21 TSC patients with known TSC1 mutations. In this series, DHPLC detected 27/28 (96%) known TSC1 sequence variations. The only sequence variation not identified by DHPLC in this study is a mosaic case.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Roberts
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, LMRC 301, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Breathnach OS, Kwiatkowski DJ, Finkelstein DM, Godleski J, Sugarbaker DJ, Johnson BE, Mentzer S. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung: recurrences and survival in patients with stage I disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121:42-7. [PMID: 11135158 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2001.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to retrospectively compare the patient characteristics, the frequency and pattern of recurrent disease, and survival in patients with stage I bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. METHODS Patients with stage I bronchioloalveolar carcinoma or adenocarcinoma other than bronchioloalveolar carcinoma resected between 1984 and 1992 with adequate clinical follow-up were studied. The clinical characteristics of the patients, extent of initial surgical resection, sites of recurrent disease, and overall survival were examined and compared between the 2 groups. The median follow-up for patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was 6.2 years and 5.9 years, respectively. RESULTS A total of 138 patients were identified. Thirty-three patients had bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and 105 patients had adenocarcinoma. Eleven (33%) of the patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma had never smoked cigarettes versus 9 (9%) of the patients with adenocarcinoma (P =.0036). There were no significant differences between patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in sex distribution and overall recurrence rate. Of the 12 patients with recurrent bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 1 patient (8%) had extrathoracic disease develop at the site of first recurrence compared with 49% of patients with recurrent adenocarcinoma (P <.001). The 5-year survival in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and in those with adenocarcinoma was 83% and 63%, respectively (P =.04). CONCLUSIONS Stage I bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is more likely to occur in nonsmokers. Survival is longer in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Further research is warranted to define the etiology, clinical course, and molecular abnormalities in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma to generate more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Breathnach
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Adult Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Dabora SL, Nieto AA, Franz D, Jozwiak S, Van Den Ouweland A, Kwiatkowski DJ. Characterisation of six large deletions in TSC2 identified using long range PCR suggests diverse mechanisms including Alu mediated recombination. J Med Genet 2000; 37:877-83. [PMID: 11185073 PMCID: PMC1734458 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.11.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Crowley MR, Head KL, Kwiatkowski DJ, Asch HL, Asch BB. The mouse mammary gland requires the actin-binding protein gelsolin for proper ductal morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2000; 225:407-23. [PMID: 10985859 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin is an actin-binding/severing protein expressed in intracellular and secreted forms. It is a major regulator of the form and function of the actin cytoskeleton in most all cells. Here we demonstrate that female mice with a targeted deletion of the gelsolin gene (Gsn-/-) have defects in mammary gland morphogenesis. Two distinct defects were identified in the gelsolin-null mammary gland. First, the mammary anlage from Gsn-/- mice failed to elongate at the onset of puberty and remained rudimentary until approximately 9 weeks of age, early block (Gsn-/-(EB)). Second, after the mammary epithelium had filled the mammary fat pad, a complete lack of terminal branching, or late block, was observed (Gsn-/-(LB)). The Gsn-/-(EB) was seen in 70% of Gsn-/- mice and appeared to be dependent on a modifier gene(s) in addition to the loss of gelsolin. Gsn-/-(LB) was observed in all Gsn-/- mice. Terminal end buds (TEBs) were not evident in the mammary anlage from Gsn-/-(EB) mice until approximately 9 weeks of age. Cellular proliferation in the terminal ductal regions of Gsn-/-(EB) females was detected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, but was less than that found in the TEBs of age-matched controls. In mice deficient for gelsolin, mammary gland architecture was unaltered at the histological level. Lobuloalveolar development was delayed in response to pregnancy in mammary glands of Gsn-/- mice but was otherwise normal. Lactation and involution in the gelsolin-null animals were similar to those of wild-type mice. Transplantation of epithelium devoid of gelsolin into a wild-type (GsnWT) mammary fat pad resulted in proper arborization of the ductal tree. Transplantation of GsnWT epithelium into the Gsn-/- fat pad recapitulated the lack of terminal branching seen in Gsn-/- females. These results indicate that gelsolin is required in the mammary stroma for proper ductal morphogenesis. Our results provide the first evidence of an actin regulatory protein affecting mammary ductal growth through stromal-epithelial communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Crowley
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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26
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Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been considerable progress in understanding the molecular genetics of tuberous sclerosis, a disorder characterised by hamartomatous growths in numerous organs. We review this progress, from cloning and characterising TSC1 and TSC2, the genes responsible for the disorder, through to gaining insights into the functions of their protein products hamartin and tuberin, and the identification and engineering of animal models. We also present the first comprehensive compilation and analysis of all reported TSC1 and TSC2 mutations, consider their diagnostic implications and review genotype/phenotype relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cheadle
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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27
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Chen F, Ma L, Parrini MC, Mao X, Lopez M, Wu C, Marks PW, Davidson L, Kwiatkowski DJ, Kirchhausen T, Orkin SH, Rosen FS, Mayer BJ, Kirschner MW, Alt FW. Cdc42 is required for PIP(2)-induced actin polymerization and early development but not for cell viability. Curr Biol 2000; 10:758-65. [PMID: 10898977 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cdc42 and other Rho GTPases are conserved from yeast to humans and are thought to regulate multiple cellular functions by inducing coordinated changes in actin reorganization and by activating signaling pathways leading to specific gene expression. Direct evidence implicating upstream signals and components that regulate Cdc42 activity or for required roles of Cdc42 in activation of downstream protein kinase signaling cascades is minimal, however. Also, whereas genetic analyses have shown that Cdc42 is essential for cell viability in yeast, its potential roles in the growth and development of mammalian cells have not been directly assessed. RESULTS To elucidate potential functions of Cdc42 mammalian cells, we used gene-targeted mutation to inactivate Cdc42 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and in the mouse germline. Surprisingly, Cdc42-deficient ES cells exhibited normal proliferation and phosphorylation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases. Yet Cdc42 deficiency caused very early embryonic lethality in mice and led to aberrant actin cytoskeletal organization in ES cells. Moreover, extracts from Cdc42-deficient cells failed to support phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2))-induced actin polymerization. CONCLUSIONS Our studies clearly demonstrate that Cdc42 mediates PIP(2)-induced actin assembly, and document a critical and unique role for Cdc42 in this process. Moreover, we conclude that, unexpectedly, Cdc42 is not necessary for viability or proliferation of mammalian early embryonic cells. Cdc42 is, however, absolutely required for early mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Departments of Genetics, The Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Posey SC, Martelli MP, Azuma T, Kwiatkowski DJ, Bierer BE. Failure of gelsolin overexpression to regulate lymphocyte apoptosis. Blood 2000; 95:3483-8. [PMID: 10828033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin regulatory protein gelsolin cleaves actin filaments in a calcium- and polyphosphoinositide-dependent manner. Gelsolin has recently been described as a novel substrate of the cysteinyl protease caspase-3, an effector protease activated during apoptosis. Cleavage by caspase-3 generates an amino-terminal fragment of gelsolin that can sever actin filaments independently of calcium regulation. The disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by cleaved gelsolin is hypothesized to mediate many of the downstream morphological changes associated with apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of full-length gelsolin has also been reported to inhibit apoptotic cell death upstream of the activation of caspase-3, suggesting that gelsolin may also act prior to commitment to cell death. The authors previously observed that actin stabilization by the cell permeant agent jasplakinolide enhanced cell death upon interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-3 withdrawal from growth-factor-dependent lymphocyte cell lines, and hypothesized that actin polymerization could alter the activity of gelsolin, thus enhancing apoptosis. Here the authors show that constitutive overexpression of gelsolin did not, however, inhibit or dramatically enhance apoptotic cell death upon growth-factor withdrawal, nor did it modify sensitivity to jasplakinolide. In contrast to previous reports, overexpression of gelsolin in Jurkat T cells did not prevent or delay apoptosis induced by Fas ligation or ceramide treatment. Overexpressed gelsolin protein was cleaved during apoptosis, as seen previously in this and other cell types. In these model systems, therefore, the level of gelsolin expression was not a rate-limiting determinant in commitment to or time to the morphological changes of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Posey
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Abstract
The gelsolin family of actin filament binding proteins have highly homologous structures. Gelsolin and adseverin, also known as scinderin, are the most similar members of this family, with adseverin lacking a C-terminal helix found in gelsolin. This helix has been postulated to serve as a calcium-sensitive latch, keeping gelsolin inactive. To test this hypothesis, we have analyzed the kinetics of severing by gelsolin, adseverin, and a gelsolin truncate which lacks the C-terminal latch. We find that the relationship between severing rate and calcium ion concentration differs between gelsolin and adseverin, and suggest that calcium controls one rate-limiting step in the activation of adseverin and two in the activation of gelsolin. In contrast, both proteins are activated equally by protons, and have identical severing kinetics at pHs below 6.3. The temperature sensitivity of severing by adseverin and gelsolin is remarkably different, with gelsolin increasing its severing rate 8-fold per 10 degrees C increase in temperature and adseverin increasing its rate only 2-fold per 10 degrees C increase in temperature. Analysis of the gelsolin construct lacking the C-terminal helix demonstrates that this helix is responsible for the regulatory differences between gelsolin and adseverin. These results support the C-terminal latch hypothesis for the calcium ion activation of gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lueck
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fujita
- Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Institute, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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31
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is an important contributor to the modulation of the cell function. However, little is known about the regulatory role of this supermolecular structure in the membrane events that take place in the heart. In this report, the regulation of cardiac myocyte function by actin filament organization was investigated in neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes (NMCM) from both wild-type mice and mice genetically devoid of the actin filament severing protein gelsolin (Gsn-/-). Cardiac L-type calcium channel currents (I(Ca)) were assessed using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. Addition of the actin filament stabilizer phalloidin to wild-type NMCM increased I(Ca) by 227% over control conditions. The basal I(Ca) of Gsn-/- NMCM was 300% higher than wild-type controls. This increase was completely reversed by intracellular perfusion of the Gsn-/- NMCM with exogenous gelsolin. Further, cytoskeletal disruption of either Gsn-/- or phalloidin-dialyzed wild-type NMCM with cytochalasin D (CD) decreased the enhanced I(Ca) by 84% and 87%, respectively. The data indicate that actin filament stabilization by either a lack of gelsolin or intracellular dialysis with phalloidin increase I(Ca), whereas actin filament disruption with CD or dialysis of Gsn-/- NMCM with gelsolin decrease I(Ca). We conclude that cardiac L-type calcium channel regulation is tightly controlled by actin filament organization. Actin filament rearrangement mediated by gelsolin may contribute to calcium channel inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Lader
- Renal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown 02129, USA
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32
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mice lacking the actin-severing and capping protein gelsolin have defects in leukocyte and platelet function. Moreover, dermal fibroblasts from gelsolin knockout (Gsn(-)) mice showed substantially reduced motility, membrane ruffling and pinocytosis. We have generated dendritic cells (DC) from spleens of Gsn(-) mice to investigate the importance of gelsolin in antigen endocytosis and processing. We show here that Gsn(-) DC produce apparently normal membrane ruffles which can resolve to form large macropinosomes. Moreover, presentation of exogenous antigens on both MHC class II and class I molecules was equivalent in Gsn(-) and wild-type DC. Thus the major rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton needed for DC antigen uptake and presentation can proceed in the absence of a major actin filament regulatory protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A West
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, GB
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33
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Onda H, Lueck A, Marks PW, Warren HB, Kwiatkowski DJ. Tsc2(+/-) mice develop tumors in multiple sites that express gelsolin and are influenced by genetic background. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:687-95. [PMID: 10491404 PMCID: PMC408440 DOI: 10.1172/jci7319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which benign hamartomas develop in multiple organs, caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. We developed a murine model of Tsc2 disease using a gene targeting approach. Tsc2-null embryos die at embryonic days 9.5-12.5 from hepatic hypoplasia. Tsc2 heterozygotes display 100% incidence of multiple bilateral renal cystadenomas, 50% incidence of liver hemangiomas, and 32% incidence of lung adenomas by 15 months of age. Progression to renal carcinoma, fatal bleeding from the liver hemangiomas, and extremity angiosarcomas all occur at a rate of less than 10%. The renal cystadenomas develop from intercalated cells of the cortical collecting duct and uniformly express gelsolin at high levels, enabling detection of early neoplastic lesions. The tumor expression pattern of the mice is influenced by genetic background, with fewer large renal cystadenomas in the outbred Black Swiss background and more angiosarcomas in 129/SvJae chimeric mice. The slow growth of the tumors in the heterozygote mice matches the limited growth potential of the great majority of TSC hamartomas, and the influence of genetic background on phenotype correlates with the marked variability in expression of TSC seen in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Onda
- Genetics Laboratory, Hematology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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34
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Choy YS, Dabora SL, Hall F, Ramesh V, Niida Y, Franz D, Kasprzyk-Obara J, Reeve MP, Kwiatkowski DJ. Superiority of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography over single-stranded conformation and conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis for mutation detection in TSC2. Ann Hum Genet 1999; 63:383-91. [PMID: 10735580 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1999.6350383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography (DHPLC) as a scanning method for mutation detection in TSC2, and compared it to conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP). The first 20 exons of TSC2 were amplified from 84 TSC patients and screened initially by CSGE and then by DHPLC. Optimization of DHPLC analysis of each exon was carried out by design of primers with minimum variation in the melting temperature of the amplicon, and titration of both elution gradient and temperature. CSGE analysis identified 40 shifts (21 unique) in the 84 patients and 20 exons. All of these variants were detected by DHPLC, and an additional 27 changes (14 unique) were identified. Overall 15 of 28 (54%) unique single base substitutions were detected by CSGE; all were detected by DHPLC. 25 definite or probable mutations were found in these 84 patients (30%) in exons 1-20 of TSC2. In a subsequent blinded analysis of 15 samples with 18 distinct TSC2 sequence variants originally detected by SSCP in another centre, all variants were detected by DHPLC except one where the variation occurred within the primer. Ten other (7 unique) sequence variants were detected in these samples which had not been detected by SSCP. Overall, 11 of 16 (69%) unique single base substitutions were detected by SSCP; all were detected by DHPLC. We conclude that DHPLC is superior to both CSGE and SSCP for detection of DNA sequence variation in TSC2, particularly for single base substitution mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Choy
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts 02115, USA
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35
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Abstract
The gelsolin family of actin-modulating proteins contains seven mammalian members of which three have similar domain structure and function: gelsolin, capG, and adseverin. Previous studies have provided some information on the expression of these proteins, but no comprehensive analysis of expression during development has been performed. By in situ hybridization to murine embryo sections, we show that gelsolin expression is widespread but focal from e12.5 onward, with the exception of brain and mucosal epithelium. In contrast, CapG expression is high in mucosal epithelium, inner renal medulla, and adrenal cortex, and seen at much lower levels more broadly. Adseverin expression is even more restricted, being seen at sites of endochondral bone formation during development only, and in developing and adult outer renal medulla and intestine. In parallel analyses the three genes demonstrated patterns of expression that were complementary and non-overlapping in nearly all organs. The observations suggest new functions for these proteins in organ systems and tissues where their expression was not previously recognized. They further suggest that the proteins have distinct tissue-specific functions in modulating the actin cytoskeleton during cellular motile activities, and that such functions have diverged since the genes arose ancestrally by gene duplication. Dev Dyn 1999;215:297-307.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arai
- Genetics Laboratory, Hematology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Kangas H, Ulmanen I, Paunio T, Kwiatkowski DJ, Lehtovirta M, Jalanko A, Peltonen L. Functional consequences of amyloidosis mutation for gelsolin polypeptide -- analysis of gelsolin-actin interaction and gelsolin processing in gelsolin knock-out fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 1999; 454:233-9. [PMID: 10431814 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin, an actin-modulating protein, derived from a single gene exists in intracellular and secreted forms. A point mutation at position 187 of both forms of gelsolin causes familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF). Here, we expressed both isoforms of the wild-type and FAF mutant gelsolin in mouse embryonic gelsolin-null fibroblasts. We demonstrate that the FAF mutation does not interfere with the normal actin-modulating function of intracellular gelsolin, and that aberrant processing of secreted FAF gelsolin to FAF amyloid precursor takes place in the gelsolin-negative background. These results suggest that, in patients with FAF, symptoms are caused by the accumulation in their tissues of amyloid derived from plasma gelsolin and are not due to functional differences in cytoplasmic gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kangas
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
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37
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Marks PW, Bandura JL, Shieh DB, Foernzler D, Beier DR, Kwiatkowski DJ. The spontaneous coat color mutant white nose (wn) maps to murine chromosome 15. Mamm Genome 1999; 10:750-2. [PMID: 10384053 DOI: 10.1007/s003359901084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P W Marks
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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38
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Stossel TP, Hartwig JH, Janmey PA, Kwiatkowski DJ. Cell crawling two decades after Abercrombie. Biochem Soc Symp 1999; 65:267-80. [PMID: 10320944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In response to extracellular signals, cells remodel actin networks. Monomeric actin subunits at the cell's leading edge assemble into linear polymers that are cross-linked by accessory proteins into three-dimensional structures that are contracted by myosins to generate hydraulic force; elsewhere in the cell, actin networks dismantle. Actin subunit sequestering proteins prevent spontaneous actin nucleation, but not the growth of actin sub-units on to fast-growing filament ('barbed') ends, and at least half of the actin in most cells is filamentous. Therefore regulation of cellular actin assembly also requires proteins that block ('cap') actin filament barbed ends. Members of the capping protein gelsolin family also sever actin filaments mechanically. Calcium and protons activate gelsolin for severing and capping. Phosphoinositides reverse such capping, and a pathway has been defined in which receptor perturbation operates through GTP-Rac1 to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous phosphoinositides that uncap actin filaments. Other GTPases (and other signalling pathways) target phosphoinositide synthesis where other protrusions (e.g. filopodia) emerge. Cells maintain adequate, albeit compromised, locomotion in the absence of some, but not all, important machine parts. For example, gelsolin-null fibroblasts crawl using predominantly filopodia rather than lamellae. However, ABP-280 (actin-binding protein of 280 kDa), which promotes orthogonal branching of short actin filaments, seems to be necessary for membrane stability and translational locomotion. ABP-null cells hardly crawl at all, although they are viable and engage in surface movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Stossel
- Brigham & Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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39
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Kwiatkowska J, Wigowska-Sowinska J, Napierala D, Slomski R, Kwiatkowski DJ. Mosaicism in tuberous sclerosis as a potential cause of the failure of molecular diagnosis. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:703-7. [PMID: 10053179 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199903043400905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kwiatkowska
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Endres M, Fink K, Zhu J, Stagliano NE, Bondada V, Geddes JW, Azuma T, Mattson MP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Moskowitz MA. Neuroprotective effects of gelsolin during murine stroke. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:347-54. [PMID: 9927495 PMCID: PMC407902 DOI: 10.1172/jci4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/1998] [Accepted: 12/10/1998] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased Ca2+ influx through activated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) is a major determinant of cell injury following brain ischemia. The activity of these channels is modulated by dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton, which may occur, in part, through the actions of the actin filament-severing protein gelsolin. We show that gelsolin-null neurons have enhanced cell death and rapid, sustained elevation of Ca2+ levels following glucose/oxygen deprivation, as well as augmented cytosolic Ca2+ levels in nerve terminals following depolarization in vitro. Moreover, major increases in infarct size are seen in gelsolin-null mice after reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion, compared with controls. In addition, treatment with cytochalasin D, a fungal toxin that depolymerizes actin filaments, reduced the infarct size of both gelsolin-null and control mice to the same final volume. Hence, enhancement or mimicry of gelsolin activity may be neuroprotective during stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Endres
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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41
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Abstract
Several new members of the gelsolin family have been discovered in the past year. Determination of the structure of gelsolin and identification of lysophosphatidic acid as a negative regulator provide novel functional insights. Gelsolin is an obligate downstream effector of Rac for motility in dermal fibroblasts, regulates phosphoinositide signaling pathways and ion channel function in vivo, and acts as both a regulator and effector of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kwiatkowski
- Genetics Laboratory Hematology Division Brigham and Women's Hospital 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA.
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell motility is an important characteristic that facilitates the multistep process of tumor metastasis. Rac, ABP-280, and gelsolin are proteins that interact with actin and are important in cell motility. METHODS The authors studied a cohort of 229 Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients who had a minimum of 3 years follow-up and had been previously analyzed for 22 clinical, pathologic, and molecular features, of which 9 had been found to provide significant prognostic information in a Cox proportional hazards model. Tumor sections were stained by the avidin-biotin complex method using monoclonal antibodies against rac, ABP-280, and gelsolin. RESULTS In a pilot analysis of over 50 patients each, rac and ABP-280 were found to be moderately-to-highly expressed in the majority of tumors and to provide no prognostic information. Gelsolin expression was more variable and appeared to be negatively correlated with survival in the pilot population. In the larger 229-patient population, high focal gelsolin expression was seen in 32 tumors (14%) and conferred the highest relative risk (4.04) of cancer recurrence among all factors tested, compared with tumors that had no or low gelsolin expression. Moderate focal gelsolin expression, seen in 46 patients (20%), also conferred a significant risk of cancer recurrence, with a relative risk of 2.26 compared with tumors that had no or low gelsolin expression. Consideration of average gelsolin expression and of overall survival yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Gelsolin expression appears to be a significant prognostic factor for cancer recurrence in cases of Stage I NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Shieh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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43
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Lueck A, Brown D, Kwiatkowski DJ. The actin-binding proteins adseverin and gelsolin are both highly expressed but differentially localized in kidney and intestine. J Cell Sci 1998; 111 ( Pt 24):3633-43. [PMID: 9819354 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.111.24.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the distinct functions of the closely related actin-severing proteins adseverin and gelsolin, we examined the expression of these proteins in detail during mouse and human development using a new highly sensitive and specific set of antibody reagents. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that adseverin was highly expressed in mouse kidney and intestine at all stages of development and in human fetal and adult kidney. In contrast and as reported previously, gelsolin was expressed much more widely in both murine and human tissues. Immunohistochemistry on murine kidney sections revealed a predominantly differential localization of adseverin and gelsolin. Adseverin was expressed in peripolar cells, thin limbs, thick ascending limbs, and principal cells of cortical and medullary collecting ducts where it was diffusely localized in the cytoplasm. Gelsolin was expressed in the distal convoluted tubule, intercalated cells and principal cells of cortical and medullary collecting ducts, and in ureter. In the distal convoluted tubule, gelsolin showed a diffuse distribution and in principal cells of collecting ducts a localization at the basolateral pole. In intercalated cells, gelsolin localization was heterogeneous, either at the apical pole or diffusely in the cytoplasm. In human fetal and adult kidney, adseverin was expressed only in collecting ducts whereas gelsolin was expressed in thick ascending limbs and collecting ducts. In mouse and human intestine adseverin was expressed in enterocytes with a gradient of increasing expression from the duodenum to the colon, and from the crypt to the villus. The observations indicate high level expression of adseverin in specific cells of the kidney and colon, and suggest a previously unrecognized function of adseverin in epithelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lueck
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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44
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Geng YJ, Azuma T, Tang JX, Hartwig JH, Muszynski M, Wu Q, Libby P, Kwiatkowski DJ. Caspase-3-induced gelsolin fragmentation contributes to actin cytoskeletal collapse, nucleolysis, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. Eur J Cell Biol 1998; 77:294-302. [PMID: 9930654 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-9335(98)80088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin, an 80 kDa actin-severing protein, has been recently identified as a substrate for the cell death-promoting cysteinyl protease caspase-3 (CPP32/apopain/YAMA). We investigated the role of gelsolin and its cleavage product in apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) induced by the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Treatment with a combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha reduced viability of SMC in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Immunoblotting revealed that SMC treated with the cytokines generated a 41 kDa gelsolin fragment. The gelsolin fragmentation required activation of caspase-3, as the caspase-3 inhibitor diminished cytokine-induced cell death as well as the fragmentation. Gelsolin cleavage was accompanied by a reduction in F-actin content and by a marked disruption of cell structure. Adenovirus-mediated transfection of this N-terminal gelsolin fragment into SMC altered cell morphology, reduced cell viability, increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and promoted internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Compared to wild-type cells, gelsolin-deficient SMC showed resistance to apoptosis induced by the inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest a mechanistic role for gelsolin cleavage during SMC apoptosis, a process implicated in vessel development as well as stability of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Geng
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Institute, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the development of benign tumors in multiple organs often causing serious neurologic impairment. To develop a reliable genetic test for TSC, two-dimensional electrophoresis with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (2D DGGE) has been developed to detect mutations in TSC1. The 23 exons of TSC1 were amplified using two rounds of PCR. In the first round, all coding regions of TSC1 were amplified in four fragments ranging in size from 7.4 kb to 9.9 kb. In the second round, 32 fragments representing 23 exons were amplified using primers designed to avoid overlapping fragments and with a GC clamp on one end to optimise melting characteristics. These exon fragments were then separated by size in the first dimension using a polyacrylamide gel, and by melting characteristics in the second dimension using a urea/formamide gradient to yield 32 distinct bands. If a mutation is present, four bands instead of one, are typically observed. During the development of this assay, we analysed 63 patient samples with known TSC1 mutations from prior studies. These 63 patients had 68 known mutations or polymorphisms. With DGGE, all 68 of these were identified (45 point mutations, 3 small insertions, 20 small deletions) and an additional 27 single base variants were discovered. To evaluate the assay, we analysed 19 of these samples in a blinded study. In the blinded analysis, 19/20 (95%) known mutations or polymorphisms were detected. The single missed mutation in the blinded analysis could be identified in retrospect and the assay was modified accordingly. During this study, we identified 2 new mutations (exon 8 and exon 15), a new polymorphism (intron 4), and the first variant identified in a non-coding exon (exon 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Dabora
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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46
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Henry KW, Yuan X, Koszewski NJ, Onda H, Kwiatkowski DJ, Noonan DJ. Tuberous sclerosis gene 2 product modulates transcription mediated by steroid hormone receptor family members. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:20535-9. [PMID: 9685410 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.32.20535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a genetic disorder that results in the development of hamartomatous lesions in a variety of organ systems. Both the prevalence of the disease and the often devastating consequences of these tumors pose a serious health and medical care problem. The disease has been mapped to two distinct genetic loci in humans, and although the genes (TSC1 and TSC2) for both loci have recently been cloned, their function remains an enigma. Data presented here demonstrates that TSC2 protein can bind and selectively modulate transcription mediated by members of the steroid receptor superfamily of genes. These data place TSC2 into a growing list of nuclear receptor coregulators and strengthen the expanding body of evidence that these coregulators may play critical roles in cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Henry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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47
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Abstract
A new member of the gelsolin/villin family of actin regulatory proteins was initially identified by screening an adult murine brain cDNA library with a probe for bovine adseverin. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 92 kDa murine protein p92 (advillin) is 75% homologous to villin and 65% homologous to gelsolin and adseverin. It shares a six domain structure with other gelsolin family members and has a carboxy-terminal headpiece, similar to, yet distinct from, villin. Northern blot analysis shows a high level of mRNA expression in murine uterus and human intestine. In situ mRNA analysis of adult murine tissues demonstrates that the message is most highly expressed in the endometrium of the uterus, the intestinal lining, and at the surface of the tongue. In murine embryonic development, strong expression of the message is observed by day 14.5 in dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia. Expression is also noted at day 16.5 in cerebral cortex. We propose that p92 (advillin) has unique functions in the morphogenesis of neuronal cells which form ganglia, and that it may compensate to explain the near normal phenotype observed in villin-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Marks
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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48
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Kwiatkowski DJ, Harpole DH, Godleski J, Herndon JE, Shieh DB, Richards W, Blanco R, Xu HJ, Strauss GM, Sugarbaker DJ. Molecular pathologic substaging in 244 stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients: clinical implications. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:2468-77. [PMID: 9667266 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.7.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively construct a comprehensive multivariate model of cancer recurrence and to design a molecular pathologic substaging system in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS All patients with stage I NSCLC resected at Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) between 1984 and 1992 with adequate clinical follow-up were studied. The importance of three demographic characteristics, surgical extent, 11 pathologic features, and seven molecular factors on cancer-free survival was examined. RESULTS Two hundred forty-four patients were studied, with 25 noncancer deaths and 80 patients with recurrent disease. Significant univariate predictors (P < .05) of cancer recurrence were age older than 60 years, male sex, wedge resection, World Health Organization (WHO) adenocarcinoma subtype solid tumor with mucin, lymphatic invasion, and p53 expression. Multivariate analysis identified nine independent predictors of recurrence: solid tumor with mucin, a wedge resection, tumor diameter of 4 cm or greater, lymphatic invasion, age older than 60 years, male sex, p53 expression, K-ras codon 12 mutation, and absence of H-ras p21 expression. Multivariate cancer-free survival (CFS) analysis in the 180 patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy led to the elimination of sex and age, which left six independent factors. CONCLUSION Lobectomy or pneumonectomy should be performed in stage I NSCLC. Using the six independent factors for recurrent disease, we propose a pathologic molecular substaging system. Patients with two factors or less are graded Ia, with a 5-year CFS rate of 87%; those with three factors are graded Ib, with a 5-year CFS rate of 58%; and those with four factors or more are graded Ic, with a 5-year CFS rate of 21%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Henske EP, Ao X, Short MP, Greenberg R, Neumann HP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Russo I. Frequent progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in tuberous sclerosis-associated renal angiomyolipomas. Mod Pathol 1998; 11:665-8. [PMID: 9688188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiomyolipomas can occur sporadically or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by seizures, mental retardation, and benign tumors of the brain, heart, kidney, and skin. Angiomyolipomas are more common in women than in men, suggesting a possible hormonal influence on tumor growth. In this study, 35 angiomyolipomas from 23 patients were immunostained with antibodies to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). Eleven angiomyolipomas (31%) contained clusters of PR-immunoreactive smooth muscle cells. None contained ER-immunoreactive cells. Of the 21 tumors from patients with TSC, 11 (48%) were PR immunoreactive. All of the PR-immunoreactive angiomyolipomas were from women younger than 50 years of age, and all except one of these women had TSC. This study suggests that hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of TSC-associated angiomyolipomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Henske
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
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Kwiatkowska J, Jozwiak S, Hall F, Henske EP, Haines JL, McNamara P, Braiser J, Wigowska-Sowinska J, Kasprzyk-Obara J, Short MP, Kwiatkowski DJ. Comprehensive mutational analysis of the TSC1 gene: observations on frequency of mutation, associated features, and nonpenetrance. Ann Hum Genet 1998; 62:277-85. [PMID: 9924605 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1998.6240277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive analysis for mutations in the TSC1 gene using Southern blot analysis, and SSCP and heteroduplex analysis of amplified exons in 13 families with genetic linkage to the TSC1 region, 22 small families without linkage information, and 126 sporadic patients. 17 unique mutations were identified in 21 patients. Mutations were found in 7/13 (54%) TSC1-linked families, 1/22 (5%) small families without linkage, and 13 of 126 (10%) sporadic cases. The mutations were all chain-terminating, with 14 small deletions, 1 small insertion, and 6 nonsense mutations. In families with mutations, all individuals carrying a mutation met formal diagnostic criteria for TSC, apart from a 3-year-old girl who had inherited a deletion mutation, and who had no seizures, normal intelligence, normal abdominal ultrasound, and hypomelanotic macules only on physical exam. We assessed the incidence and severity of mental retardation in the 13 sporadic patients with TSC1 mutations versus the entire sporadic cohort, and found no significant difference. The observations indicate that TSC1 mutations are all inactivating, suggest that TSC1 disease occurs in only 15-20% of the sporadic TSC population, and demonstrate that presymptomatic TSC does occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kwiatkowska
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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