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Burch JL, Torbert RB, Phan TD, Chen LJ, Moore TE, Ergun RE, Eastwood JP, Gershman DJ, Cassak PA, Argall MR, Wang S, Hesse M, Pollock CJ, Giles BL, Nakamura R, Mauk BH, Fuselier SA, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ, Drake JF, Shay MA, Khotyaintsev YV, Lindqvist PA, Marklund G, Wilder FD, Young DT, Torkar K, Goldstein J, Dorelli JC, Avanov LA, Oka M, Baker DN, Jaynes AN, Goodrich KA, Cohen IJ, Turner DL, Fennell JF, Blake JB, Clemmons J, Goldman M, Newman D, Petrinec SM, Trattner KJ, Lavraud B, Reiff PH, Baumjohann W, Magnes W, Steller M, Lewis W, Saito Y, Coffey V, Chandler M. Electron-scale measurements of magnetic reconnection in space. Science 2016; 352:aaf2939. [PMID: 27174677 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental physical process in plasmas whereby stored magnetic energy is converted into heat and kinetic energy of charged particles. Reconnection occurs in many astrophysical plasma environments and in laboratory plasmas. Using measurements with very high time resolution, NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission has found direct evidence for electron demagnetization and acceleration at sites along the sunward boundary of Earth's magnetosphere where the interplanetary magnetic field reconnects with the terrestrial magnetic field. We have (i) observed the conversion of magnetic energy to particle energy; (ii) measured the electric field and current, which together cause the dissipation of magnetic energy; and (iii) identified the electron population that carries the current as a result of demagnetization and acceleration within the reconnection diffusion/dissipation region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - R B Torbert
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - T D Phan
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L-J Chen
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - T E Moore
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - R E Ergun
- University of Colorado LASP, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J P Eastwood
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D J Gershman
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - P A Cassak
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M R Argall
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - S Wang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M Hesse
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C J Pollock
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - B L Giles
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - R Nakamura
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - B H Mauk
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - S A Fuselier
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C T Russell
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - J F Drake
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M A Shay
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | | | - G Marklund
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F D Wilder
- University of Colorado LASP, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D T Young
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - K Torkar
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - J Goldstein
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J C Dorelli
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L A Avanov
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Oka
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D N Baker
- University of Colorado LASP, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A N Jaynes
- University of Colorado LASP, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - I J Cohen
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - D L Turner
- Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | | | - J B Blake
- Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | - J Clemmons
- Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | - M Goldman
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Newman
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S M Petrinec
- Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - B Lavraud
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France
| | - P H Reiff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Baumjohann
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - W Magnes
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - M Steller
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - W Lewis
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y Saito
- Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - V Coffey
- NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - M Chandler
- NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
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Linder DR, Coates AJ, Woodliffe RD, Alsop C, Johnstone AD, Grande M, Preece A, Narheim B, Young DT. The Cassini CAPS Electron Spectrometer. Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Particles 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm102p0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Thomsen MF, Roussos E, Andriopoulou M, Kollmann P, Arridge CS, Paranicas CP, Gurnett DA, Powell RL, Tokar RL, Young DT. Saturn's inner magnetospheric convection pattern: Further evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja017482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hill TW, Thomsen MF, Tokar RL, Coates AJ, Lewis GR, Young DT, Crary FJ, Baragiola RA, Johnson RE, Dong Y, Wilson RJ, Jones GH, Wahlund JE, Mitchell DG, Horányi M. Charged nanograins in the Enceladus plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja017218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wellbrock A, Coates AJ, Sillanpää I, Jones GH, Arridge CS, Lewis GR, Young DT, Crary FJ, Aylward AD. Cassini observations of ionospheric photoelectrons at large distances from Titan: Implications for Titan's exospheric environment and magnetic tail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja017113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arridge CS, André N, Khurana KK, Russell CT, Cowley SWH, Provan G, Andrews DJ, Jackman CM, Coates AJ, Sittler EC, Dougherty MK, Young DT. Periodic motion of Saturn's nightside plasma sheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Arridge
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Dorking UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck; London UK
| | - N. André
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie; CNRS; Toulouse France
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie; Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP; Toulouse France
| | - K. K. Khurana
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - C. T. Russell
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - S. W. H. Cowley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - G. Provan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - D. J. Andrews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. M. Jackman
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck; London UK
- Blackett Laboratory; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University College London; London UK
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Dorking UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck; London UK
| | - E. C. Sittler
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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Sillanpää I, Young DT, Crary F, Thomsen M, Reisenfeld D, Wahlund JE, Bertucci C, Kallio E, Jarvinen R, Janhunen P. Cassini Plasma Spectrometer and hybrid model study on Titan's interaction: Effect of oxygen ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Sillanpää
- Space Science and Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - D. T. Young
- Space Science and Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - F. Crary
- Space Science and Engineering Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - M. Thomsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - D. Reisenfeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Montana; Missoula Montana USA
| | | | - C. Bertucci
- Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E. Kallio
- Finnish Meteorological Institute; Helsinki Finland
| | - R. Jarvinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute; Helsinki Finland
| | - P. Janhunen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute; Helsinki Finland
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Schippers P, Arridge CS, Menietti JD, Gurnett DA, Lamy L, Cecconi B, Mitchell DG, André N, Kurth WS, Grimald S, Dougherty MK, Coates AJ, Krupp N, Young DT. Auroral electron distributions within and close to the Saturn kilometric radiation source region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Schippers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - C. S. Arridge
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Holmbury St. Mary UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - J. D. Menietti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - D. A. Gurnett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - L. Lamy
- Department of Space and Atmospheric Physics; Imperial College; London UK
- LESIA, CNRS; Observatoire de Meudon; Meudon France
| | - B. Cecconi
- LESIA, CNRS; Observatoire de Meudon; Meudon France
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - N. André
- Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements; Université de Toulouse, UPS; Toulouse France
- CNRS UMR 5187; Toulouse France
| | - W. S. Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - S. Grimald
- Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements; Université de Toulouse, UPS; Toulouse France
- CNRS UMR 5187; Toulouse France
| | - M. K. Dougherty
- Department of Space and Atmospheric Physics; Imperial College; London UK
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Holmbury St. Mary UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - N. Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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Teolis BD, Jones GH, Miles PF, Tokar RL, Magee BA, Waite JH, Roussos E, Young DT, Crary FJ, Coates AJ, Johnson RE, Tseng WL, Baragiola RA. Cassini Finds an Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere at Saturn's Icy Moon Rhea. Science 2010; 330:1813-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1198366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Smith HT, Johnson RE, Perry ME, Mitchell DG, McNutt RL, Young DT. Enceladus plume variability and the neutral gas densities in Saturn's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja015184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Smith
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - R. E. Johnson
- Materials Science and Engineering Department; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - M. E. Perry
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - R. L. McNutt
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - D. T. Young
- Division of Space Science and Engineering; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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DeJong AD, Burch JL, Goldstein J, Coates AJ, Young DT. Low-energy electrons in Saturn's inner magnetosphere and their role in interchange injections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. DeJong
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - J. L. Burch
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - J. Goldstein
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Dorking UK
| | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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12
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Thomsen MF, Reisenfeld DB, Delapp DM, Tokar RL, Young DT, Crary FJ, Sittler EC, McGraw MA, Williams JD. Survey of ion plasma parameters in Saturn's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Thomsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | | | - D. M. Delapp
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - R. L. Tokar
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - F. J. Crary
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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Kanani SJ, Arridge CS, Jones GH, Fazakerley AN, McAndrews HJ, Sergis N, Krimigis SM, Dougherty MK, Coates AJ, Young DT, Hansen KC, Krupp N. A new form of Saturn's magnetopause using a dynamic pressure balance model, based on in situ, multi-instrument Cassini measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Kanani
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; London UK
| | - C. S. Arridge
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; London UK
| | - G. H. Jones
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; London UK
| | - A. N. Fazakerley
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; London UK
| | | | | | - S. M. Krimigis
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; London UK
| | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | | | - N. Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenberg-Lindau Germany
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Waite Jr JH, Lewis WS, Magee BA, Lunine JI, McKinnon WB, Glein CR, Mousis O, Young DT, Brockwell T, Westlake J, Nguyen MJ, Teolis BD, Niemann HB, McNutt Jr RL, Perry M, Ip WH. Erratum: Liquid water on Enceladus from observations of ammonia and 40Ar in the plume. Nature 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pryor SC, Barthelmie RJ, Young DT, Takle ES, Arritt RW, Flory D, Gutowski WJ, Nunes A, Roads J. Wind speed trends over the contiguous United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Smith HT, Shappirio M, Johnson RE, Reisenfeld D, Sittler EC, Crary FJ, McComas DJ, Young DT. Enceladus: A potential source of ammonia products and molecular nitrogen for Saturn's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Smith
- Engineering Physics; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - M. Shappirio
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - R. E. Johnson
- Engineering Physics; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - D. Reisenfeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Montana; Missoula Montana USA
| | - E. C. Sittler
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - F. J. Crary
- Division of Space Science and Engineering; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - D. J. McComas
- Division of Space Science and Engineering; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - D. T. Young
- Division of Space Science and Engineering; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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Bertucci C, Achilleos N, Dougherty MK, Modolo R, Coates AJ, Szego K, Masters A, Ma Y, Neubauer FM, Garnier P, Wahlund JE, Young DT. The Magnetic Memory of Titan's Ionized Atmosphere. Science 2008; 321:1475-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1159780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bertucci
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - N. Achilleos
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - M. K. Dougherty
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - R. Modolo
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - A. J. Coates
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - K. Szego
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - A. Masters
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Y. Ma
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - F. M. Neubauer
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - P. Garnier
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J.-E. Wahlund
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - D. T. Young
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College London, The Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 613 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242–1479, USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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18
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Schippers P, Blanc M, André N, Dandouras I, Lewis GR, Gilbert LK, Persoon AM, Krupp N, Gurnett DA, Coates AJ, Krimigis SM, Young DT, Dougherty MK. Multi-instrument analysis of electron populations in Saturn's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Schippers
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements; CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - M. Blanc
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements; CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - N. André
- Research and Scientific Support Department; European Space Agency; Noordwijk Netherlands
| | - I. Dandouras
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements; CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - G. R. Lewis
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Dorking UK
| | - L. K. Gilbert
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Dorking UK
| | - A. M. Persoon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - N. Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | - D. A. Gurnett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Dorking UK
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - M. K. Dougherty
- Department of Space and Atmospheric Physics; Imperial College London; London UK
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19
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Menietti JD, Santolik O, Rymer AM, Hospodarsky GB, Persoon AM, Gurnett DA, Coates AJ, Young DT. Analysis of plasma waves observed within local plasma injections seen in Saturn's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Menietti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - O. Santolik
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics; ASCR, and Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - A. M. Rymer
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - G. B. Hospodarsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - A. M. Persoon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - D. A. Gurnett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - A. J. Coates
- University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory; Dorking UK
| | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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20
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McAndrews HJ, Owen CJ, Thomsen MF, Lavraud B, Coates AJ, Dougherty MK, Young DT. Evidence for reconnection at Saturn's magnetopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. McAndrews
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Surrey UK
| | - C. J. Owen
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Surrey UK
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - B. Lavraud
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Surrey UK
| | - M. K. Dougherty
- Space and Atmospheric Physics Group; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College; London UK
| | - D. T. Young
- Division of Space Science and Engineering; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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21
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Hill TW, Thomsen MF, Henderson MG, Tokar RL, Coates AJ, McAndrews HJ, Lewis GR, Mitchell DG, Jackman CM, Russell CT, Dougherty MK, Crary FJ, Young DT. Plasmoids in Saturn's magnetotail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. W. Hill
- Physics and Astronomy Department; Rice University; Houston Texas USA
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | | | - R. L. Tokar
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Surrey UK
| | | | - G. R. Lewis
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Surrey UK
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University; Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | | | - C. T. Russell
- Institute of Geophysics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - F. J. Crary
- Space Science and Engineering; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - D. T. Young
- Space Science and Engineering; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Rymer
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; USA
| | - B. H. Mauk
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; USA
| | - T. W. Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Rice University; USA
| | - C. Paranicas
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; USA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; USA
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23
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Burch JL, Goldstein J, Lewis WS, Young DT, Coates AJ, Dougherty MK, André N. Tethys and Dione as sources of outward-flowing plasma in Saturn’s magnetosphere. Nature 2007; 447:833-5. [PMID: 17568741 DOI: 10.1038/nature05906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rotating at over twice the angular speed of Earth, Saturn imposes a rapid spin on its magnetosphere. As a result, cold, dense plasma is believed to be flung outward from the inner magnetosphere by centrifugal force and replaced by hotter, more tenuous plasma from the outer magnetosphere. The centrifugal interchange of plasmas in rotating magnetospheres was predicted many years ago and was conclusively demonstrated by observations in Jupiter's magnetosphere, which--like that of Saturn (but unlike that of Earth)--is rotationally dominated. Recent observations in Saturn's magnetosphere have revealed narrow injections of hot, tenuous plasma believed to be the inward-moving portion of the centrifugal interchange cycle. Here we report observations of the distribution of the angle between the electron velocity vector and the magnetic field vector ('pitch angle') obtained in the cold, dense plasma adjacent to these inward injection regions. The observed pitch-angle distributions are indicative of outward plasma flow and consistent with centrifugal interchange in Saturn's magnetosphere. Further, we conclude that the observed double-peaked ('butterfly') pitch-angle distributions result from the transport of plasma from regions near the orbits of Dione and Tethys, supporting the idea of distinct plasma tori associated with these moons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, Texas 78228-0510, USA
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24
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Thomsen MF, DiLorenzo JP, McComas DJ, Young DT, Crary FJ, Delapp D, Reisenfeld D, Andre N. Assessment of the magnetospheric contribution to the suprathermal ions in Saturn's foreshock region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja012084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Thomsen
- Space Science and Applications; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - J. P. DiLorenzo
- Space Science and Applications; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - D. J. McComas
- Instrumentation and Space Research Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - D. T. Young
- Instrumentation and Space Research Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - F. J. Crary
- Instrumentation and Space Research Division; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - D. Delapp
- Space Science and Applications; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - D.B. Reisenfeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Montana; Missoula Montana USA
| | - N. Andre
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Holmbury-St. Mary UK
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25
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Abstract
Titan's lower atmosphere has long been known to harbor organic aerosols (tholins) presumed to have been formed from simple molecules, such as methane and nitrogen (CH4 and N2). Up to now, it has been assumed that tholins were formed at altitudes of several hundred kilometers by processes as yet unobserved. Using measurements from a combination of mass/charge and energy/charge spectrometers on the Cassini spacecraft, we have obtained evidence for tholin formation at high altitudes (approximately 1000 kilometers) in Titan's atmosphere. The observed chemical mix strongly implies a series of chemical reactions and physical processes that lead from simple molecules (CH4 and N2) to larger, more complex molecules (80 to 350 daltons) to negatively charged massive molecules (approximately 8000 daltons), which we identify as tholins. That the process involves massive negatively charged molecules and aerosols is completely unexpected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Waite
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute (SWRI), 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
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26
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Rymer AM, Mauk BH, Hill TW, Paranicas C, André N, Sittler EC, Mitchell DG, Smith HT, Johnson RE, Coates AJ, Young DT, Bolton SJ, Thomsen MF, Dougherty MK. Electron sources in Saturn's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Rymer
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - B. H. Mauk
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - T. W. Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Rice University; Houston Texas USA
| | - C. Paranicas
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - N. André
- Research and Scientific Support Department; European Space Agency; Noordwijk Netherlands
| | - E. C. Sittler
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - H. T. Smith
- University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - R. E. Johnson
- University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; London UK
| | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - S. J. Bolton
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- Space and Atmospheric Science Group; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - M. K. Dougherty
- Department of Space and Atmospheric Physics; Imperial College London; London UK
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27
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Tokar RL, Johnson RE, Hill TW, Pontius DH, Kurth WS, Crary FJ, Young DT, Thomsen MF, Reisenfeld DB, Coates AJ, Lewis GR, Sittler EC, Gurnett DA. The Interaction of the Atmosphere of Enceladus with Saturn's Plasma. Science 2006; 311:1409-12. [PMID: 16527967 DOI: 10.1126/science.1121061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the 14 July 2005 encounter of Cassini with Enceladus, the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measured strong deflections in the corotating ion flow, commencing at least 27 Enceladus radii (27 x 252.1 kilometers) from Enceladus. The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument inferred little plasma density increase near Enceladus. These data are consistent with ion formation via charge exchange and pickup by Saturn's magnetic field. The charge exchange occurs between neutrals in the Enceladus atmosphere and corotating ions in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. Pickup ions are observed near Enceladus, and a total mass loading rate of about 100 kilograms per second (3 x 10(27) H(2)O molecules per second) is inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Tokar
- Space Science and Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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28
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Young DT, Berthelier JJ, Blanc M, Burch JL, Bolton S, Coates AJ, Crary FJ, Goldstein R, Grande M, Hill TW, Johnson RE, Baragiola RA, Kelha V, McComas DJ, Mursula K, Sittler EC, Svenes KR, Szegö K, Tanskanen P, Thomsen MF, Bakshi S, Barraclough BL, Bebesi Z, Delapp D, Dunlop MW, Gosling JT, Furman JD, Gilbert LK, Glenn D, Holmlund C, Illiano JM, Lewis GR, Linder DR, Maurice S, McAndrews HJ, Narheim BT, Pallier E, Reisenfeld D, Rymer AM, Smith HT, Tokar RL, Vilppola J, Zinsmeyer C. Composition and Dynamics of Plasma in Saturn's Magnetosphere. Science 2005; 307:1262-6. [PMID: 15731443 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During Cassini's initial orbit, we observed a dynamic magnetosphere composed primarily of a complex mixture of water-derived atomic and molecular ions. We have identified four distinct regions characterized by differences in both bulk plasma properties and ion composition. Protons are the dominant species outside about 9 RS (where RS is the radial distance from the center of Saturn), whereas inside, the plasma consists primarily of a corotating comet-like mix of water-derived ions with approximately 3% N+. Over the A and B rings, we found an ionosphere in which O2+ and O+ are dominant, which suggests the possible existence of a layer of O2 gas similar to the atmospheres of Europa and Ganymede.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Young
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
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29
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Crary FJ, Clarke JT, Dougherty MK, Hanlon PG, Hansen KC, Steinberg JT, Barraclough BL, Coates AJ, Gérard JC, Grodent D, Kurth WS, Mitchell DG, Rymer AM, Young DT. Solar wind dynamic pressure and electric field as the main factors controlling Saturn's aurorae. Nature 2005; 433:720-2. [PMID: 15716946 DOI: 10.1038/nature03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere gives rise to the bright polar aurorae and to geomagnetic storms, but the relation between the solar wind and the dynamics of the outer planets' magnetospheres is poorly understood. Jupiter's magnetospheric dynamics and aurorae are dominated by processes internal to the jovian system, whereas Saturn's magnetosphere has generally been considered to have both internal and solar-wind-driven processes. This hypothesis, however, is tentative because of limited simultaneous solar wind and magnetospheric measurements. Here we report solar wind measurements, immediately upstream of Saturn, over a one-month period. When combined with simultaneous ultraviolet imaging we find that, unlike Jupiter, Saturn's aurorae respond strongly to solar wind conditions. But in contrast to Earth, the main controlling factor appears to be solar wind dynamic pressure and electric field, with the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field playing a much more limited role. Saturn's magnetosphere is, therefore, strongly driven by the solar wind, but the solar wind conditions that drive it differ from those that drive the Earth's magnetosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Crary
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78288, USA.
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30
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McComas DJ, Schwadron NA, Crary FJ, Elliott HA, Young DT, Gosling JT, Thomsen MF, Sittler E, Berthelier JJ, Szego K, Coates AJ. The interstellar hydrogen shadow: Observations of interstellar pickup ions beyond Jupiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. J. Crary
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | | | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - J. T. Gosling
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - E. Sittler
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - K. Szego
- KFKI Research Institute for Particles and Nuclear Physics; Budapest Hungary
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Surrey UK
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31
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Gurnett DA, Kurth WS, Hospodarsky GB, Persoon AM, Zarka P, Lecacheux A, Bolton SJ, Desch MD, Farrell WM, Kaiser ML, Ladreiter HP, Rucker HO, Galopeau P, Louarn P, Young DT, Pryor WR, Dougherty MK. Control of Jupiter's radio emission and aurorae by the solar wind. Nature 2002; 415:985-7. [PMID: 11875556 DOI: 10.1038/415985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radio emissions from Jupiter provided the first evidence that this giant planet has a strong magnetic field and a large magnetosphere. Jupiter also has polar aurorae, which are similar in many respects to Earth's aurorae. The radio emissions are believed to be generated along the high-latitude magnetic field lines by the same electrons that produce the aurorae, and both the radio emission in the hectometric frequency range and the aurorae vary considerably. The origin of the variability, however, has been poorly understood. Here we report simultaneous observations using the Cassini and Galileo spacecraft of hectometric radio emissions and extreme ultraviolet auroral emissions from Jupiter. Our results show that both of these emissions are triggered by interplanetary shocks propagating outward from the Sun. When such a shock arrives at Jupiter, it seems to cause a major compression and reconfiguration of the magnetosphere, which produces strong electric fields and therefore electron acceleration along the auroral field lines, similar to the processes that occur during geomagnetic storms at the Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Gurnett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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32
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Gladstone GR, Waite JH, Grodent D, Lewis WS, Crary FJ, Elsner RF, Weisskopf MC, Majeed T, Jahn JM, Bhardwaj A, Clarke JT, Young DT, Dougherty MK, Espinosa SA, Cravens TE. A pulsating auroral X-ray hot spot on Jupiter. Nature 2002; 415:1000-3. [PMID: 11875561 DOI: 10.1038/4151000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Jupiter's X-ray aurora has been thought to be excited by energetic sulphur and oxygen ions precipitating from the inner magnetosphere into the planet's polar regions. Here we report high-spatial-resolution observations that demonstrate that most of Jupiter's northern auroral X-rays come from a 'hot spot' located significantly poleward of the latitudes connected to the inner magnetosphere. The hot spot seems to be fixed in magnetic latitude and longitude and occurs in a region where anomalous infrared and ultraviolet emissions have also been observed. We infer from the data that the particles that excite the aurora originate in the outer magnetosphere. The hot spot X-rays pulsate with an approximately 45-min period, a period similar to that reported for high-latitude radio and energetic electron bursts observed by near-Jupiter spacecraft. These results invalidate the idea that jovian auroral X-ray emissions are mainly excited by steady precipitation of energetic heavy ions from the inner magnetosphere. Instead, the X-rays seem to result from currently unexplained processes in the outer magnetosphere that produce highly localized and highly variable emissions over an extremely wide range of wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Gladstone
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228, USA.
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33
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Rymer AM, Coates AJ, Svenes K, Abel GA, Linder DR, Narheim B, Thomsen M, Young DT. Cassini Plasma Spectrometer Electron Spectrometer measurements during the Earth swing-by on August 18, 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Abel GA, Coates AJ, Rymer AM, Linder DR, Thomsen MF, Young DT, Dougherty MK. Cassini Plasma Spectrometer observations of bidirectional lobe electrons during the Earth flyby, August 18, 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Waite JH, Gladstone GR, Lewis WS, Goldstein R, McComas DJ, Riley P, Walker RJ, Robertson P, Desai S, Clarke JT, Young DT. An auroral flare at Jupiter. Nature 2001; 410:787-9. [PMID: 11298440 DOI: 10.1038/35071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Jupiter's aurora is the most powerful in the Solar System. It is powered largely by energy extracted from planetary rotation, although there seems also to be a contribution from the solar wind. This contrasts with Earth's aurora, which is generated through the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. The major features of Jupiter's aurora (based on far-ultraviolet, near-infrared and visible-wavelength observations) include a main oval that generally corotates with the planet and a region of patchy, diffuse emission inside the oval on Jupiter's dusk side. Here we report the discovery of a rapidly evolving, very bright and localized emission poleward of the northern main oval, in a region connected magnetically to Jupiter's outer magnetosphere. The intensity of the emission increased by a factor of 30 within 70 s, and then decreased on a similar timescale, all captured during a single four-minute exposure. This type of flaring emission has not previously been reported for Jupiter (similar, but smaller, transient events have been observed at Earth), and it may be related directly to changes in the solar wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Waite
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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36
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37
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Moore TE, Chappell CR, Chandler MO, Craven PD, Giles BL, Pollock CJ, Burch JL, Young DT, Waite JH, Nordholt JE, Thomsen MF, McComas DJ, Berthelier JJ, Williamson WS, Robson R, Mozer FS. High-Altitude Observations of the Polar Wind. Science 1997. [DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5324.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. E. Moore
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - C. R. Chappell
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - M. O. Chandler
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - P. D. Craven
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - B. L. Giles
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - C. J. Pollock
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - J. L. Burch
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - D. T. Young
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - J. H. Waite
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - J. E. Nordholt
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - D. J. McComas
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - J. J. Berthelier
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - W. S. Williamson
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - R. Robson
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - F. S. Mozer
- T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, B. L. Giles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
- C. J. Pollock, J. L. Burch, D. T. Young, J. H. Waite Jr., Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- J. E. Nordholt, M. F. Thomsen, D. J. McComas, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. J. Berthelier, Centre d'Etudes Terrestraire et Planetaire, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France
- W. S. Williamson and R. Robson, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
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Boynton WV, D'Uston LC, Young DT, Lunine JI, Waite JH, Bailey SH, Berthelier JJ, Bertaux JL, Borrel V, Burke MF, Cohen BA, McComas DH, Nordholt JE, Evans LG, Trombka JI. The determination of ice composition with instruments on cometary landers. Acta Astronaut 1997; 40:663-674. [PMID: 11540784 DOI: 10.1016/s0094-5765(97)00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the composition of materials that make up comets is essential in trying to understand the origin of these primitive objects. The ices especially could be made in several different astrophysical settings including the solar nebula, protosatellite nebulae of the giant planets, and giant molecular clouds that predate the formation of the solar system. Each of these environments makes different ices with different composition. In order to understand the origin of comets, one needs to determine the composition of each of the ice phases. For example, it is of interest to know that comets contain carbon monoxide, CO, but it is much more important to know how much of it is a pure solid phase, is trapped in clathrate hydrates, or is adsorbed on amorphous water ice. In addition, knowledge of the isotopic composition of the constituents will help determine the process that formed the compounds. Finally, it is important to understand the bulk elemental composition of the nucleus. When these data are compared with solar abundances, they put strong constraints on the macro-scale processes that formed the comet. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and an evolved gas analyzer (EGA) will make the necessary association between molecular constituents and their host phases. This combination of instruments takes a small (tens of mg) sample of the comet and slowly heats it in a sealed oven. As the temperature is raised, the DSC precisely measures the heat required, and delivers the gases to the EGA. Changes in the heat required to raise the temperature at a controlled rate are used to identify phase transitions, e.g., crystallization of amorphous ice or melting of hexagonal ice, and the EGA correlates the gases released with the phase transition. The EGA consists of two mass spectrometers run in tandem. The first mass spectrometer is a magnetic-sector ion-momentum analyzer (MAG), and the second is an electrostatic time-of-flight analyzer (TOF). The TOF acts as a detector for the MAG and serves to resolve ambiguities between fragments of similar mass such as CO and N2. Because most of the compounds of interest for the volatile ices are simple, a gas chromatograph is not needed and thus more integration time is available to determine isotopic ratios. A gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) will determine the elemental abundances of the bulk cometary material by determining the flux of gamma rays produced from the interaction of the cometary material with cosmic ray produced neutrons. Because the gamma rays can penetrate a distance of several tens of centimeters a large volume of material is analyzed. The measured composition is, therefore, much more likely to be representative of the bulk comet than a very small sample that might have lost some of its volatiles. Making these measurements on a lander offers substantial advantages over trying to address similar objectives from an orbiter. For example, an orbiter instrument can determine the presence and isotopic composition of CO in the cometary coma, but only a lander can determine the phase(s) in which the CO is located and separately determine the isotopic composition of each reservoir of CO. The bulk composition of the nucleus might be constrained from separate orbiter analyses of dust and gas in the coma, but the result will be very model dependent, as the ratio of gas to dust in the comet will vary and will not necessarily be equal to the bulk value.
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Farrugia CJ, Young DT, Geiss J, Balsiger H. The composition, temperature, and density structure of cold ions in the quiet terrestrial plasmasphere: GEOS 1 results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/ja094ia09p11865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Balsiger H, Altwegg K, Bühler F, Geiss J, Ghielmetti AG, Goldstein BE, Goldstein R, Huntress WT, Ip WH, Lazarus AJ, Meier A, Neugebauer M, Rettenmund U, Rosenbauer H, Schwenn R, Sharp RD, Shelley EG, Ungstrup E, Young DT. Ion composition and dynamics at comet Halley. Nature 1986. [DOI: 10.1038/321330a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bame SJ, Anderson RC, Asbridge JR, Baker DN, Feldman WC, Fuselier SA, Gosling JT, McComas DJ, Thomsen MF, Young DT, Zwickl RD. Comet Giacobini-Zinner: Plasma Description. Science 1986; 232:356-61. [PMID: 17792144 DOI: 10.1126/science.232.4748.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A strong interaction between the solar wind and comet Giacobini-Zinner was observed oh 11 September 1985 with the Los Alamos plasma electron experiment on the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft. As ICE approached an intercept point 7800 kilometers behind the nucleus from the south and receded to the north, upstream phenomena due to the comet were observed. Periods of enhanced electron heat flux from the comet as well as almost continuous electron density fluctuations were measured. These effects are related to the strong electron heating observed in the cometary interaction region and to cometary ion pickup by the solar wind, respectively. No evidence for a conventional bow shock was found as ICE entered and exited the regions of strongest interaction of the solar wind with the cometary environment. The outer extent of this strong interaction zone was a transition region in which the solar wind plasma was heated, compressed, and slowed. Inside the inner boundary of the transition region was a sheath that enclosed a cold intermediate coma. In the transition region and sheath, small-scale enhancements in density were observed. These density spikes may be due to an instability associated with cometary ion pickup or to the passage of ICE through cometary ray structures. In the center of the cold intermediate coma a narrow, high-density core of plasma, presumably the developing plasma tail was found. In some ways this tail can be compared to the plasma sheet in Earth's magnetotail and to the current sheet in the tail at Venus. This type of configuration is expected in the double-lobe magnetic topology detected at the comet, possibly caused by the theoretically expected draping of the interplanetary magnetic field around its ionosphere.
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Knott K, Fairfield D, Korth A, Young DT. Observations near the magnetopause at the onset of the July 29, 1977, sudden storm commencement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia08p05888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Horwitz JL, Baugher CR, Chappell CR, Shelley EG, Young DT. Conical pitch angle distributions of very low-energy ion fluxes observed by ISEE 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia04p02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Horwitz JL, Cobb WK, Baugher CR, Chappell CR, Frank LA, Eastman TE, Anderson RR, Shelley EG, Young DT. On the relationship of the plasmapause to the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval and to the inner edge of the plasma sheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia11p09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fennell JF, Johnson RG, Young DT, Torbert RB, Moore TE. Plasma and electric field boundaries at high and low altitudes on July 29, 1977. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia08p05933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roux A, Perraut S, Rauch JL, de Villedary C, Kremser G, Korth A, Young DT. Wave-particle interactions near ΩHe+observed on board GEOS 1 and 2: 2. Generation of ion cyclotron waves and heating of He+ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia10p08174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Horwitz JL, Baugher CR, Chappell CR, Shelley EG, Young DT. Pancake pitch angle distributions in warm ions observed with ISEE 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia05p03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Young DT, Perraut S, Roux A, de Villedary C, Gendrin R, Korth A, Kremser G, Jones D. Wave-particle interactions near ΩHe+observed on GEOS 1 and 2 1. Propagation of ion cyclotron waves in He+-rich plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia08p06755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kottke TE, Young DT, McCall MM. Effect of social class on recovery from myocardial infarction--a followup study of 197 consecutive patients discharged from hospital. Minn Med 1980; 63:590-7. [PMID: 7442630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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