1
|
Chand D, Finkel R, Day J, Darris B, Kuntz N, Connolly A, Zaidman C, Crawford T, Butterfield R, Shieh P, Tennekoon G, Brandesma J, Iannaccone S, Meriggioli M, Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Shoffner J, Ogrinc F, Kavanagh S, Feltner D, Mendell J. SMA – THERAPY. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
2
|
Chand D, Finkel R, Mercuri E, Masson R, Parsons J, Kleyn A, Menier M, Montgomery K, Sproule D, Reyna S, Feltner D, Tauscher-Wisniewki S, Mendell J. SMA – THERAPY. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: To identify new pharmacologically targetable immune checkpoints in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.
Background: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 axis in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has led to FDA approval for use of inhibitors of this pathway in chemotherapy-refractory HL. There are numerous additional B7/CD28 immune checkpoints that may similarly represent useful targets but have not yet been evaluated in HL. HHLA-2 is the newest member of the B7/CD28 family of immune checkpoint regulators that typically help tumor immune escape via inhibition T-cell activity and tumor killing. The prevalence of HHLA-2 has been demonstrated with expression on a wide range of adult cancers, with associated poor outcomes. HHLA-2 has yet to be evaluated in pediatric cancers, except for osteosarcoma where it was found to have increased expression and associated with worse five-year EFS. The purpose of this study is to characterize the expression pattern and clinical significance of HHLA-2 in pediatric HL using immunohistochemistry.
Methods: Patient tumor samples from prior Children’s Oncology Group clinical trials with matched patient outcome data containing over 300 patient samples were obtained. 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on a range of observed prevalence of immune checkpoint expression for this initial pilot cohort of 100 samples. Using immunohistochemistry, paraffin-embedded samples were tested for the expression of HHLA-2 and B7x. Samples were also stained for CD30 to better delineate Reed Sternberg cells (RS) from the remainder of the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint staining was compared to known positive controls of A204 cell line for HHLA-2 and SKBR3 for B7x, and negative controls of 3T3 cells. Expression intensity was scored by a pediatric pathologist.
Results: The initial tissue microarray contained 128 unique HL cases; only 121 tissue samples were evaluable as HL tissue. Samples from 52 patients demonstrated positive HHLA-2 staining (43%); however, there was no identifiable B7x staining. HHLA-2 staining ranged from weak to moderate, with 23% (12/52) of positive samples demonstrating moderate staining. RS staining was observed in 77% of samples (40/52), with the remaining samples containing positively staining lymphocytes.
Conclusion: This project is innovative in its characterization of HHLA-2 as a novel immune checkpoint target in pediatric HL. With these preliminary results we will validate these results with the remaining 200 patient samples and explore the relationship of expression with standard tumor characteristics, including stage and patient outcomes such as ESF and OS. These results can help discover new prognostic biomarkers and guide future treatment as therapeutic antibodies are currently being developed. We hope that the information from this project will be used to support new clinical trials for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.
Citation Format: Scott Moerdler, Damini Chand, Michelle Ewart, XingXing Zang, Peter Cole. HHLA2 is a new immune checkpoint expressed in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Moerdler
- 1Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ,
| | | | | | | | - Peter Cole
- 1Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Liu J, Zhang C, Li F, Li L, Wang D, Chand D, Guan F, Zang X, Zhang Y. Over-Expression and Prognostic Significance of HHLA2, a New Immune Checkpoint Molecule, in Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:280. [PMID: 32509772 PMCID: PMC7248229 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HHLA2, a newly identified B7 family member, regulates T cell functions. However, the expression and prognostic value of HHLA2 in solid tumors is ill defined. This study aimed to reveal the expression landscape of HHLA2 in various solid tumors, and to evaluate its prognostic value in kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we investigated the expression pattern of HHLA2 across 22 types of cancer. HHLA2 and CD8 protein expression was determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC). KIRC-specific findings were further analyzed with R software and the prognostic value was validated on tissue microarrays. HHLA2 was widely expressed in cancers at both the mRNA and protein levels. Among all tested tumors, KIRC showed the highest transcript level of HHLA2, and HHLA2 levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in matched normal samples, as evidenced by both TCGA and IHC data. HHLA2 was also positively correlated with survival rates in KIRC based on TCGA and clinical data. Receiver operating characteristic curves data showed the prognostic value of HHLA2 for patients with KIRC in TCGA. Moreover, HHLA2 was positively correlated with immune-related genes, while HHLA2 and CD8 expression exhibited a consistent trend in KIRC tumor samples. In conclusion, HHLA2 is highly expressed in KIRC and predicts a favorable survival outcome, highlighting that it may work as a potential target for KIRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Damini Chand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chand D, Dhawan D, Sankin A, Ren X, Lin J, Schoenberg M, Knapp DW, Zang X. Immune Checkpoint B7x (B7-H4/B7S1/VTCN1) is Over Expressed in Spontaneous Canine Bladder Cancer: The First Report and its Implications in a Preclinical Model. Bladder Cancer 2019; 5:63-71. [PMID: 30854414 PMCID: PMC6401562 DOI: 10.3233/blc-180204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: B7x (B7-H4/B7S1/VTCN1), an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule is a potential therapeutic target owing to its immunosuppressive effect and well-known expression in cancers. Immune checkpoints in canine bladder cancer are largely undefined. Here, we report the first evaluation on expression of B7x in spontaneous canine invasive bladder cancer, a novel model system for the study of invasive human urothelial carcinoma. Objective: This work aims to study expression of immune checkpoint B7x in spontaneous canine invasive bladder cancer. Methods: RNA-seq analysis was performed to determine B7x expression in tumor versus normal bladder. Gene ontology (GO) study was used to explore the biological role of B7x. B7x protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). TCGA and GTEx were used to examine B7x expression in 599 human bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Results: RNA-seq analysis indicated 5.72 and 7.04 fold up regulation of B7x in tumors, using DESeq2 and edge R respectively (p < 0.00008). B7x was closely associated with immune processes in GO analysis. IHC results revealed 60% of cases as B7x positive. B7x intensity was scored as negative in 40% (n = 20/50), low in 24% (n = 12/50), medium in 14% (n = 7/50) and high in 22% (n = 11/50) of cases. In human BLCA, B7x expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Our results suggest that B7x is over expressed in canine bladder cancer. Thus canine model can be vital in advancing the translational research on B7x, a new potential therapeutic target in human bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damini Chand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alexander Sankin
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark Schoenberg
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deborah W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiuve S, Peloso P, Chand D, Patwardhan M, Snabes M, Kilpatrick R. Risk factors for low bone mineral density in premenopausal women with endometriosis in the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES). Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Guan J, Fransson S, Siaw JT, Treis D, Van den Eynden J, Chand D, Umapathy G, Ruuth K, Svenberg P, Wessman S, Shamikh A, Jacobsson H, Gordon L, Stenman J, Svensson PJ, Hansson M, Larsson E, Martinsson T, Palmer RH, Kogner P, Hallberg B. Clinical response of the novel activating ALK-I1171T mutation in neuroblastoma to the ALK inhibitor ceritinib. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002550. [PMID: 29907598 PMCID: PMC6071567 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion rearrangements, including non-small-cell lung cancer and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, are highly sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), underscoring the notion that such cancers are addicted to ALK activity. Although mutations in ALK are heavily implicated in childhood neuroblastoma, response to the ALK TKI crizotinib has been disappointing. Embryonal tumors in patients with DNA repair defects such as Fanconi anemia (FA) often have a poor prognosis, because of lack of therapeutic options. Here we report a child with underlying FA and ALK mutant high-risk neuroblastoma responding strongly to precision therapy with the ALK TKI ceritinib. Conventional chemotherapy treatment caused severe, life-threatening toxicity. Genomic analysis of the initial biopsy identified germline FANCA mutations as well as a novel ALK-I1171T variant. ALK-I1171T generates a potent gain-of-function mutant, as measured in PC12 cell neurite outgrowth and NIH3T3 transformation. Pharmacological inhibition profiling of ALK-I1171T in response to various ALK TKIs identified an 11-fold improved inhibition of ALK-I1171T with ceritinib when compared with crizotinib. Immunoaffinity-coupled LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics analysis indicated a decrease in ALK signaling in response to ceritinib. Ceritinib was therefore selected for treatment in this child. Monotherapy with ceritinib was well tolerated and resulted in normalized catecholamine markers and tumor shrinkage. After 7.5 mo treatment, the residual primary tumor shrunk, was surgically removed, and exhibited hallmarks of differentiation together with reduced Ki67 levels. Clinical follow-up after 21 mo treatment revealed complete clinical remission including all metastatic sites. Therefore, ceritinib presents a viable therapeutic option for ALK-positive neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Joachim Tetteh Siaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Diana Treis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Pediatric Oncology Program Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Damini Chand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Petter Svenberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Pediatric Oncology Program Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Sandra Wessman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Alia Shamikh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Hans Jacobsson
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Lena Gordon
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jakob Stenman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Pär-Johan Svensson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sankin A, Chand D, Schoenberg M, Zang X. MP58-14 USING T CELL RECEPTOR SEQUENCING TO CHARACTERIZE THE HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
9
|
Sankin A, Chand D, Schoenberg MP, Zang X. T-cell receptor sequencing of bladder tumor infiltrating lymphocytes to reveal a clonal immune response. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
437 Background: High T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire clonality is associated with clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade in bladder cancer (Funt et al ASCO 2016). We hypothesized that T cell repertoire is more clonal in tumors than in benign inflammation. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, we prospectively identified 12 patients with bladder lesions at Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Specimens collected at the time of TURBT were stored at -80C. After DNA extraction, high throughput sequencing of the CDR3 region of the TCR beta chain using the ImmunoSEQ assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies) was performed. Various parameters such as T infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) percentage, total productive rearrangements, unique productive rearrangements, and maximum frequency of TCR clone were assessed. Results: 9/12 specimens were malignant (UC+) and 3/12 specimens were benign (UC-). There was an even distribution of specimens across all pathologic stages: 3/12 were T0, 3/12 were Ta, 3/12 were T1, and 3/12 were T2 or greater. The median number of T cells sequenced in UC+ and UC- specimens was 5,569 and 25,872 respectively. The median number of unique TCR rearrangements sequenced in UC+ and UC- specimens was 3,069 and 9,680, respectively. The median TIL percentage in UC+ and UC- specimens was 2% and 12%, respectively. The UC+ specimens demonstrated clonality as indicated by maximum productive frequency of up to 17% as opposed to a maximum productive frequency of 2% in UC- specimens. Conclusions: Primary urothelial tumors contain clonally expanded T cell populations that are not present in benign urothelium. Our data supports the hypothesis that bladder tumors induce a clonal T cell host response against tumor derived antigens. In contrast, benign inflammatory response does not appear to demonstrate any T cell clonal dominance. Future studies to identify tumor specific antigens that contribute to clonal expansion and predict therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy will be of clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sankin
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Damini Chand
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Xingxing Zang
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hackbarth R, Bunchman TE, Chua AN, Somers MJ, Baum MA, Symons JM, Brophy PD, Blowey D, Fortenberry JD, Chand D, Flores FX, Alexander SR, Mahan JD, McBryde KD, Benfield MR, Goldstein SL. The Effect of Vascular Access Location and Size on Circuit Survival in Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Report from the PPCRRT Registry. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:1116-21. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880703001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Well-functioning vascular access is essential for the provision of adequate CRRT However, few data exist to describe the effect of catheter size or location on CRRT performance in the pediatric population. Methods Data for vascular access site, size, and location, as well as type of anticoagulant used and patient demographic data were gathered from the ppCRRT registry. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated and then analyzed by log-rank test or Cox Proportional Hazards model. Results Access diameter was found to significantly affect circuit survival. None of the 5 French catheters lasted longer than 20 hours. Seven and 9 French, but not 8 French, catheters fared worse than larger diameter catheters (p=0.002). Circuits associated with internal jugular access survived longer than subclavian or femoral access associated circuits (p<0.05). Circuit survival was also found to be favorably associated with the CVVHD modality (p<0.001). Conclusions Functional CRRT circuit survival in children is favored by larger catheter diameter, internal jugular vein insertion site and CVVHD. For patients requiring catheter diameters less than 10 French, CRRT circuit survival might be optimized if internal jugular vein insertion is feasible. Conversely, when a vascular access site other than the internal jugular vein is most prudent, consideration should be given to using the largest diameter catheter appropriate for the size of the child. The CVVHD modality was associated with longer circuit survival, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hackbarth
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI - USA
| | - T. E. Bunchman
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI - USA
| | - A. N. Chua
- Department of Pediatrics, Renal Section, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX - USA
| | - M. J. Somers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA - USA
| | - M. A. Baum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA - USA
| | - J. M. Symons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Children's Hospital & Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA - USA
| | - P. D. Brophy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology CS. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI - USA
| | - D. Blowey
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO - USA
| | - J. D. Fortenberry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, GA - USA
| | - D. Chand
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH - USA
| | - F. X. Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL - USA
| | - S. R. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA - USA
| | - J. D. Mahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Columbus Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH - USA
| | - K. D. McBryde
- Department of Nephrology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC - USA
| | - M. R. Benfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL - USA
| | - S. L. Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Renal Section, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX - USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guan J, Tucker ER, Wan H, Chand D, Danielson LS, Ruuth K, El Wakil A, Witek B, Jamin Y, Umapathy G, Robinson SP, Johnson TW, Smeal T, Martinsson T, Chesler L, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. The ALK inhibitor PF-06463922 is effective as a single agent in neuroblastoma driven by expression of ALK and MYCN. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:941-52. [PMID: 27483357 PMCID: PMC5047689 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first-in-class inhibitor of ALK, c-MET and ROS1, crizotinib (Xalkori), has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, in neuroblastoma, activating mutations in the ALK kinase domain are typically refractory to crizotinib treatment, highlighting the need for more potent inhibitors. The next-generation ALK inhibitor PF-06463922 is predicted to exhibit increased affinity for ALK mutants prevalent in neuroblastoma. We examined PF-06463922 activity in ALK-driven neuroblastoma models in vitro and in vivo In vitro kinase assays and cell-based experiments examining ALK mutations of increasing potency show that PF-06463922 is an effective inhibitor of ALK with greater activity towards ALK neuroblastoma mutants. In contrast to crizotinib, single agent administration of PF-06463922 caused dramatic tumor inhibition in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts as well as a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma driven by Th-ALK(F1174L)/MYCN Taken together, our results suggest PF-06463922 is a potent inhibitor of crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations, and highlights an important new treatment option for neuroblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - E R Tucker
- Division of Clinical Studies Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - H Wan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - D Chand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - L S Danielson
- Division of Clinical Studies Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - K Ruuth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - A El Wakil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - B Witek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Y Jamin
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - G Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - S P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - T W Johnson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - T Smeal
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - T Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - L Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - R H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - B Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guan J, Danielson L, Chand D, Jamin Y, Ruuth K, Tucker E, Umapathy G, Wakil AE, Witek B, Johnson TW, Smeal T, Chesler L, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. Abstract B12: The ALK inhibitor PF-06463922 shows significant response as a single agent in ALK/MYCN driven models of neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca15-b12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ALK inhibitors such as the ALK/MET/ROS1 inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori) have shown clinical efficacy in a number of tumour types. However, in ALK positive neuroblastoma treatment with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib has proved more difficult, highlighting the exploration of new drugs as a clinical priority. A recent report of an increased percentage of ALK positive cases in the relapsed neuroblastoma patient population, together with the increased repertoire of ALK inhibitors now available, led to the investigation of alternative ALK inhibitors with potential for use in treatment of neuroblastoma. Here we report an investigation of the activity of a next generation ALK inhibitor in a range of in vitro and pre-clinical ALK driven neuroblastoma models.
Initially PF-06463922 was tested in various neuroblastoma cell lines and a range of gain-of-function ALK neuroblastoma mutations were subsequently analyzed in more detail in engineered Ba/F3 and PC12 cell models and by in vitro kinase assays, comparing the effect of PF-06463922 in abrogating cell growth and induced pharmacodynamics markers of response with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib. These results clearly show PF-06463922 to be a superior inhibitor of ALK kinase activity inhibiting all neuroblastoma mutant ALK forms assayed. Finally, single agent oral administration of PF-06463922 lead to induction of apoptosis and a dramatic reduction in tumour volume in a genetically engineered mouse model of treatment-resistant high-risk neuroblastoma driven by aberrant expression of MYCN and activated ALK. Taken together, our results suggest that PF-06463922 represents an important potential step forward in the treatment of relapsed neuroblastoma with mutated ALK.
Statement of significance: Our results together with PK/PD analysis of PF-06463922 suggest future clinical trial investigation of ALK positive neuroblastoma
Citation Format: J. Guan, L. Danielson, D. Chand, Y. Jamin, K. Ruuth, E. Tucker, G. Umapathy, A. El Wakil, B. Witek, T. W. Johnson, T. Smeal, L. Chesler, R. H. Palmer, B. Hallberg. The ALK inhibitor PF-06463922 shows significant response as a single agent in ALK/MYCN driven models of neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Guan
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - L. Danielson
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - D. Chand
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - Y. Jamin
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom,
| | - K. Ruuth
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - E. Tucker
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - G. Umapathy
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - A. El Wakil
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - B. Witek
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - T. W. Johnson
- 3La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA
| | - T. Smeal
- 3La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA
| | - L. Chesler
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom,
| | - R. H. Palmer
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - B. Hallberg
- 1Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arts FA, Chand D, Pecquet C, Velghe AI, Constantinescu S, Hallberg B, Demoulin JB. PDGFRB mutants found in patients with familial infantile myofibromatosis or overgrowth syndrome are oncogenic and sensitive to imatinib. Oncogene 2015; 35:3239-48. [PMID: 26455322 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, germline and somatic heterozygous mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRB) have been associated with familial infantile myofibromatosis (IM), which is characterized by soft tissue tumors, and overgrowth syndrome, a disease that predisposes to cancer. These mutations have not been functionally characterized. In the present study, the activity of three PDGFRB mutants associated with familial IM (R561C, P660T and N666K) and one PDGFRB mutant found in patients with overgrowth syndrome (P584R) was tested in various models. The P660T mutant showed no difference with the wild-type receptor, suggesting that it might represent a polymorphic variant unrelated to the disease. By contrast, the three other mutants were constitutively active and able to transform NIH3T3 and Ba/F3 cells to different extents. In particular, the germline mutant identified in overgrowth syndrome, P584R, was a stronger oncogene than the germline R561C mutant associated with myofibromatosis. The distinct phenotypes associated with these two mutations could be related to this difference of potency. Importantly, all activated mutants were sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, nilotinib and ponatinib. In conclusion, the PDGFRB mutations previously identified in familial IM and overgrowth syndrome activate the receptor in the absence of ligand, supporting the hypothesis that these mutations cause the diseases. Moreover, imatinib seems to be a promising treatment for patients carrying these mutations. To our knowledge, these are the first confirmed gain-of-function point mutations of PDGFRB in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Arts
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Chand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Pecquet
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A I Velghe
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Constantinescu
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J-B Demoulin
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sattu K, Hochgräfe F, Wu J, Umapathy G, Schönherr C, Ruuth K, Chand D, Witek B, Fuchs J, Li PK, Hugosson F, Daly RJ, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. Phosphoproteomic analysis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) downstream signaling pathways identifies signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 as a functional target of activated ALK in neuroblastoma cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:5269-82. [PMID: 23889739 PMCID: PMC3892176 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase is a key oncogenic mechanism in a growing number of tumor types. In the majority of cases, ALK is activated by fusion with a dimerizing partner protein as a result of chromosomal translocation events, most studied in the case of the nucleophosmin–ALK and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4–ALK oncoproteins. It is now also appreciated that the full-length ALK receptor can be activated by point mutations and by deletions within the extracellular domain, such as those observed in neuroblastoma. Several studies have employed phosphoproteomics approaches to find substrates of ALK fusion proteins. In this study, we used MS-based phosphotyrosine profiling to characterize phosphotyrosine signaling events associated with the full-length ALK receptor. A number of previously identified and novel targets were identified. One of these, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has previously been observed to be activated in response to oncogenic ALK signaling, but the significance of this in signaling from the full-length ALK receptor has not been explored further. We show here that activated ALK robustly activates STAT3 on Tyr705 in a number of independent neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of STAT3 by RNA interference resulted in a reduction in myelocytomatosis neuroblastom (MYCN) protein levels downstream of ALK signaling. These observations, together with a decreased level of MYCN and inhibition of neuroblastoma cell growth in the presence of STAT3 inhibitors, suggest that activation of STAT3 is important for ALK signaling activity in neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Sattu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chand D, Yamazaki Y, Ruuth K, Schönherr C, Martinsson T, Kogner P, Attiyeh EF, Maris J, Morozova O, Marra MA, Ohira M, Nakagawara A, Sandström PE, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. Cell culture and Drosophila model systems define three classes of anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutations in neuroblastoma. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:373-82. [PMID: 23104988 PMCID: PMC3597019 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood extracranial solid tumour that is associated with a number of genetic changes. Included in these genetic alterations are mutations in the kinase domain of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), which have been found in both somatic and familial neuroblastoma. In order to treat patients accordingly requires characterisation of these mutations in terms of their response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Here, we report the identification and characterisation of two novel neuroblastoma ALK mutations (A1099T and R1464STOP), which we have investigated together with several previously reported but uncharacterised ALK mutations (T1087I, D1091N, T1151M, M1166R, F1174I and A1234T). In order to understand the potential role of these ALK mutations in neuroblastoma progression, we have employed cell culture-based systems together with the model organism Drosophila as a readout for ligand-independent activity. Mutation of ALK at position 1174 (F1174I) generates a gain-of-function receptor capable of activating intracellular targets such as ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) in a ligand-independent manner. Analysis of these previously uncharacterised ALK mutants and comparison with ALKF1174 mutants suggests that ALK mutations observed in neuroblastoma fall into three classes. These classes are: (i) gain-of-function ligand-independent mutations such as ALKF1174l, (ii) kinase-dead ALK mutants, e.g. ALKI1250T (Schönherr et al., 2011a) and (iii) ALK mutations that are ligand-dependent in nature. Irrespective of the nature of the observed ALK mutants, in every case the activity of the mutant ALK receptors could be abrogated by the ALK inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori/PF-02341066), albeit with differing levels of sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damini Chand
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chand D, Song L, deLannoy L, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Ackloo S, Boutros PC, Evans K, Belsham DD, Lovejoy DA. C-Terminal region of teneurin-1 co-localizes with dystroglycan and modulates cytoskeletal organization through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent stathmin- and filamin A-mediated mechanism in hippocampal cells. Neuroscience 2012; 219:255-70. [PMID: 22698694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus are extremely neuroplastic, and the complexity of dendritic branches can be dynamically altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including learning and stress. Recently, the teneurin family of proteins has emerged as an interneuronal and extracellular matrix signaling system that plays a significant role in brain development and neuronal communication. Encoded on the last exon of the teneurin genes is a new family of bioactive peptides termed the teneurin C-terminal-associated peptides (TCAPs). Previous studies indicate that TCAP-1 regulates axon fasciculation and dendritic morphology in the hippocampus. This study was aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms by which TCAP-1 regulates these changes in the mouse hippocampus. Fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled TCAP-1 binds to the pyramidal neurons of the CA2 and CA3, and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus of the mouse brain. Moreover, FITC-TCAP-1 co-localizes with β-dystroglycan upon binding to the plasma membrane of cultured immortalized mouse E14 hippocampal cells. In culture, TCAP-1 stimulates ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of the cytoskeletal regulatory proteins, stathmin at serine-25 and filamin A at serine-2152. In addition, TCAP-1 induces actin polymerization, increases immunoreactivity of tubulin-based cytoskeletal elements and causes a corresponding increase in filopodia formation and mean filopodia length in cultured hippocampal cells. We postulate that the TCAP-1 region of teneurin-1 has a direct action on the cytoskeletal reorganization that precedes neurite and process development in hippocampal neurons. Our data provides novel evidence that functionally links the teneurin and dystroglycan systems and provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which TCAP-1 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics in hippocampal neurons. The TCAP-dystroglycan system may represent a novel mechanism associated with the regulation of hippocampal-function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chand
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chand D, Anderson TL, Wood R, Charlson RJ, Hu Y, Liu Z, Vaughan M. Quantifying above-cloud aerosol using spaceborne lidar for improved understanding of cloudy-sky direct climate forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Swartzendruber PC, Chand D, Jaffe DA, Smith J, Reidmiller D, Gratz L, Keeler J, Strode S, Jaeglé L, Talbot R. Vertical distribution of mercury, CO, ozone, and aerosol scattering coefficient in the Pacific Northwest during the spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Ali A, Nain A, Chand D, Ahmad R. Volumetric, ultrasonic, viscometric and refractive index behavior of binary mixtures of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with aromatic hydrocarbons: An experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Liq 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Dusek U, Frank GP, Hildebrandt L, Curtius J, Schneider J, Walter S, Chand D, Drewnick F, Hings S, Jung D, Borrmann S, Andreae MO. Size Matters More Than Chemistry for Cloud-Nucleating Ability of Aerosol Particles. Science 2006; 312:1375-8. [PMID: 16741120 DOI: 10.1126/science.1125261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra measured for various aerosol types at a non-urban site in Germany showed that CCN concentrations are mainly determined by the aerosol number size distribution. Distinct variations of CCN activation with particle chemical composition were observed but played a secondary role. When the temporal variation of chemical effects on CCN activation is neglected, variation in the size distribution alone explains 84 to 96% of the variation in CCN concentrations. Understanding that particles' ability to act as CCN is largely controlled by aerosol size rather than composition greatly facilitates the treatment of aerosol effects on cloud physics in regional and global models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Dusek
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goyal RL, Tuli RK, Georgie GC, Chand D. Comparison of quality and freezability of water buffalo semen after washing or sephadex filtration. Theriogenology 1996; 46:679-86. [PMID: 16727933 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(96)00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1995] [Accepted: 02/27/1996] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Split aliquots of pooled buffalo semen samples were processed before freezing 1) by washing twice with Tris-citric acid buffer by centrifugation and re-suspension to the original volume in the same buffer, or 2) or by passage through a G-15 Sephadex column. The effect of these procedures on progressive motility, percentages of live spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities and intact acrosomes and release of glutamate oxatoacetate transaminase (GOT) into the medium were assessed after extension, after equilibration and after 18 to 24 h or 15 d of frozen storage. Prior to extension, gel filtration reduced sperm concentration and enhanced progressive motility, whereas washing produced little effect on these attributes. Except in the case of GOT release, which was significantly (P < 0.05) lower after the washing of semen (34.3 +/- 16.40) than the filtering of semen (45.7 +/- 12.35), the 2 procedures did not cause significant effects (P > 0.05). Damage to spermatozoa due to freeze-processing was also similar in the 2 treatments, and the extent of beneficial effect in improved motility and live spermatozoan numbers after thawing was also similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Goyal
- Department of Animal Production Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Gutsche AT, Parsons-Wingerter P, Chand D, Saltzman WM, Saltzman WM, Leong KW. N-acetylglucosamine and adenosine derivatized surfaces for cell culture: 3T3 fibroblast and chicken hepatocyte response. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 43:801-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260430815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
Gupta OP, Sharma N, Chand D. Application of papaya latex-induced rat paw inflammation: model for evaluation of slowly acting antiarthritic drugs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1994; 31:95-8. [PMID: 8032100 DOI: 10.1016/1056-8719(94)90048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Papaya latex-induced rat paw inflammation model for evaluating antiinflammatory activity has been developed and reported earlier. A number of drugs viz. aspirin, indomethacin, piroxicam, ibuprofen, prednisolone, levamisole, chloroquine, and boswellic acids showed antiinflammatory activity in this model. As the last three drugs showing the activity belonged to the group of slowly acting antiarthritic drugs, this present study was undertaken to study in detail the sensitivity of this model for slowly acting, clinically effective, antiarthritic drugs viz. chloroquine, levamisole, penicillamine, aurothioglucose, cyclophosphamide, and boswellic acids. These drugs are known to show no appreciable activity in the known models of inflammation and arthritis. All these drugs tested in three graded doses showed dose-related significant antiinflammatory activity in this model, whereas those drugs in the carrageenan model tested in similar doses showed insignificant activity. Aspirin employed as a reference standard showed significant activity in both the models. Thus the slowly acting antiarthritic drugs will be identified as those displaying significant activity in the papaya latex model and insignificant activity in the carrageenan model and to be aspirin-like by their significant activity in both the above models of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O P Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Tawi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sharma ML, Khajuria A, Kaul A, Chand D. Immunopharmacological properties of azepino [2, 1-b] quinazolin-12(6H)-one-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydro (RLX). Int J Immunopharmacol 1992; 14:979-86. [PMID: 1428371 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(92)90141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of azepino [2,1-b]quinazolin-12(6H)-one-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydro (RLX) was studied on cell-mediated and humoral components of the immune system. In single (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and multiple (6.25, 12.50, 25 and 50 m/kg) oral dose schedules RLX significantly reduced the early (4 h) and delayed (24 and 48 h) hypersensitivity reactions to SRBC in mice. Daily oral administration of RLX (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) produced a dose-related reduction in developing adjuvant arthritis in rats. In carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats RLX (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o.) caused a marked reduction in the volume of pleural exudate (25.26-59.64%) and infiltration of leucocytes (28.75-50.29%) into the pleural cavity. RLX produced marked inhibition of humoral antibody synthesis both in mice and rats and that of complement fixing antibody in mice. It was not cytotoxic and showed no appreciable effect on the responsiveness of splenocytes to mitogens. The observed effect of RLX on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses does not appear to be the result of general toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Jammu-Tawi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gupta OP, Sharma N, Chand D. A sensitive and relevant model for evaluating anti-inflammatory activity-papaya latex-induced rat paw inflammation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1992; 28:15-9. [PMID: 1392054 DOI: 10.1016/1056-8719(92)90060-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new model employing latex of papaya as an inflammagen has been developed for testing anti-inflammatory activity. The latex (exudate) was harvested from the unripe papaya fruit, which had been dried under vacuum. The latex was then suspended in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer. This suspension when injected in rat hind paw produced concentration-dependent inflammation. Of the 0.25% of this suspension, 0.1 ml was found ideal for evaluating anti-inflammatory activity of test drugs. This concentration produced 70%-100% inflammation lasting for about 5 hr with a maximum effect at h 3. The test drugs employed were prednisolone, aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, piroxicam, chloroquine, levamisole, and a mixture of boswellic acids. For comparison, these drugs were also tested against carrageenan-induced inflammation. All the test drugs--steroidal, aspirin, and non-aspirin-like--showed anti-inflammatory activity against latex-induced inflammation. The activity of chloroquine, levamisole, and boswellic acids was significantly more against latex as compared with that of the carrageenan model. The inflammation caused by latex may be attributed to both its hydrolytic enzymes--papain and chymopapain--and glutathione, the activator of these enzymes. These enzymes seem to act like lysosomal enzymes that are released in inflammatory disease processes which mediate inflammation by stimulating the synthesis of prostaglandins. The papaya latex-induced inflammation model appears to be a sensitive, broad-based, and relevant one likely to prove useful for discovering new and effective drugs against inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O P Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Tawi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Singh P, Chand D, Georgie GC. Lipid peroxidation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) spermatozoa: effect of added vitamin C and glucose. Indian J Exp Biol 1989; 27:1001-2. [PMID: 2620926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Addition of 2.5 mM vitamin C or 40 mM of glucose to washed buffalo spermatozoan suspensions in Ca2(+)-free Kreb's Ringer Hanseliet saline buffer (pH 7.0) resulted in significant lower malonaldehyde concentration and higher spermatozoan motility and liver spermatozoa compared to control levels after 45 min of aerobic incubation at 37 degrees C or pre-incubation levels.
Collapse
|
28
|
Singh P, Chand D, Georgie GC. Effect of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in buffalo Bubalus bubalis L. Indian J Exp Biol 1989; 27:14-6. [PMID: 2606516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E significantly (P less than 0.01), inhibited lipid peroxidation as indicated by malonaldehyde (MDA) production and improved significantly (P less than 0.01) motility and percent live spermatazoa of B. bubalis semen. Bulls with higher MDA formation had lower sperm motility and percent live count. Variance due to bulls for all the three parameters were significant (P less than 0.05).
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The mechanism of oxidative damage to the lens through intraocular photochemical generation of superoxide and its derivatization to other oxidants such as singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide has been studied. Rat lenses when organ cultured aerobically in TC 199 containing additional amounts of riboflavin were damaged as demonstrated by an inhibition of the uptake of Rb 86 against a concentration gradient. The pump was not affected by light if the culture was conducted in the basal TC 199. However, light was observed to induce significant peroxidative degradation of the tissue lipids even in the basal medium, the degradation being indicated by the formation of malonaldehyde. Both the inhibition of the pump as well as the peroxidative degradation of the tissue lipids, were attenuated considerably by scavengers of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the lipid degradation was prevented by vitamins C and E. The results suggest that the photodynamic injury to the lens cation pump as well as to membrane lipids is incumbent upon an initial generation of superoxide and its derivatization to other oxidants. Thus, the ocular lens is susceptible to oxidative insult and physiological damage through photocatalytic generation of various oxygen radicals. Large concentrations of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor seems to be able to provide significant protection against such an insult. Thus, this may be one of the functions of high concentration of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor. The implication of oxidative stress has also been examined in the genesis of cataracts in vivo. Treatment with vitamin E of the Emory mouse led to a decrease in the rate of cataract progression suggesting that at least in some instances an oxidative stress could participate in the formation of cataracts. Oxygen radicals may inflict damage at multifarious biochemical sites. Human lens lipids were also shown to have an absorption maxima at 239 nm indicating their susceptibility to oxidative degradation. In addition the lipid extract has fluorescence similar to that of lipofuscins. The levels of MDA were higher in the brunescent cataracts as compared to that in the nonbrunescent cataracts. The implications of oxidative stress towards the genesis of cataracts in humans is being explored further.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Anand KK, Chand D, Ray Ghatak BJ, Arya RK. Histological evidence of protection by Indigofera tinctoria Linn. against carbontetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity--an experimental study. Indian J Exp Biol 1981; 19:298-300. [PMID: 7251073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
32
|
Anand KK, Chand D, Ghatak BJ. Protective effect of alcoholic extract of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. in experimental liver injury. Indian J Exp Biol 1979; 17:685-7. [PMID: 511238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
33
|
Chand D, Georgie GC, Madan ML, Razdan MN. Postnatal energy substrate changes in newborn calves during winter & summer. Indian J Exp Biol 1979; 17:574-7. [PMID: 500137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
Chand D, Arneja DV, Arora KL. Relation of testicular ascorbic acid concentration to testicular development in Desi & White Leghorn poultry. Indian J Exp Biol 1978; 16:676-8. [PMID: 700790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Georgie GC, Chand D, Razdan MN. Seasonal changes in plasma cholesterol and serum alkaline phosphatase and transaminases activities in cross-bred cattle. Indian J Exp Biol 1973; 11:448-50. [PMID: 4793260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
36
|
Chand D, Varma SD, Singh P. Transport of glycine, 3-O-methyl glucose & acetic acid by the rumen epithelium of Betal goats in vitro. Indian J Exp Biol 1972; 10:415-7. [PMID: 4665437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
37
|
Angelo SJ, Chand D, Tyagi RP. Experimental lamellar corneal grafting in buffalo calves (Bos bubalis). Indian Vet J 1970; 47:893-9. [PMID: 4923244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Varma SD, Yadava IS, Chand D. Micro determination of creatinine. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 1968; 6:111-2. [PMID: 5707951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|