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EPAS1, a hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related gene, promotes malignant behaviour of cervical cancer by ceRNA and super-enhancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18361. [PMID: 38722283 PMCID: PMC11081013 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and Ferroptosis are associated with the malignant behaviour of cervical cancer. Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1) contributes to the progression of cervical cancer. EPAS1 plays important roles in hypoxia and ferroptosis. Using the GEO dataset, machine-learning algorithms were used to screen for hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related genes (HFRGs) in cervical cancer. EPAS1 was identified as the hub gene. qPCR and WB were used to investigate the expression of EPAS1 in normal and cervical cancer tissues. The proliferation, invasion and migration of EPAS1 cells in HeLa and SiHa cell lines were detected using CCK8, transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. A dual-luciferase assay was used to analyse the MALAT1-miR-182-5P-EPAS1 mRNA axis and core promoter elements of the super-enhancer. EPAS1 was significantly overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues. EPAS1 could increase the proliferation, invasion, migration of HeLa and SiHa cells and reduce the apoptosis of HeLa and SiHa cell. According to the double-luciferase assay, EPAS1 expression was regulated by the MALAT1-Mir-182-5p-EPAS1 mRNA axis. EPAS1 is associated with super-enhancers. Double-luciferase assay showed that the core elements of the super-enhancer were E1 and E3. EPAS1, an HFRG, is significantly overexpressed in cervical cancer. EPAS1 promotes malignant behaviour of cervical cancer cells. EPAS1 expression is regulated by super-enhancers and the MALAT1-miR-182-5P- EPAS1 mRNA axis. EPAS1 may be a target for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Publisher Correction: High carrier mobility along the [111] orientation in Cu 2O photoelectrodes. Nature 2024; 629:E14. [PMID: 38720087 PMCID: PMC11111396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Poststroke Dysphagia: A Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38643757 DOI: 10.1159/000538218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with stroke, poststroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common complication that plays an important role in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of PSD using a systemic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for potentially eligible studies published until September 2023. Further, the pooled incidence and risk factors for PSD were determined using a random-effects model. Overall, 58 studies involving 37,404 patients with acute stroke were selected for the meta-analysis. RESULTS The pooled incidence of PSD in patients with acute stroke was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36-48%), which is the highest in South America (47%) and lowest in Asia (37%). Notably, older age (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.53-2.97; p < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06-1.44; p = 0.007), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.04-1.44; p = 0.014), stroke history (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04-1.53; p = 0.019), and atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02-2.44; p = 0.039) were found to be associated with an increased risk of PSD. Conversely, sex differences, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, stroke type, and the hemisphere affected were not associated with the risk of PSD. CONCLUSION The abstract reports the prevalence of PSD in patients with acute stroke and identified potential risk factors for PSD, including older age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke history, and atrial fibrillation.
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Application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to improve the wettability of chitosan coating and its preservation performance on tangerine fruits. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130539. [PMID: 38432263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was employed as an intermediate layer to enhance interfacial interaction between chitosan (CS) coating and tangerine fruits, thereby improving the preservation effect. Owing to the low surface tension of tangerine fruit (26.04 mN/m), CS coating solutions showed poor wetting properties on fruit peels (contact angle > 100°). However, by applying a 1.0 % (w/v) HPMC coating on fruits, the contact angle of CS solutions with concentrations of 0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 % (w/v) decreased to 47.0°, 47.4°, and 48.5°, respectively, whereas the spreading coefficient increased to -16.0 mN/m, -17.6 mN/m and -19.8 mN/m, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of the coatings on fruit quality were investigated. The results demonstrated the promising performance of HPMC-CS two-layer coating in inhibiting fruit respiration, reducing decay rate, and maintaining nutrient content. Notably, HPMC-1.5%CS coating not only reduced the decay rate of tangerine fruit by 45 % and 31 %, in comparison to the uncoated group (CK) and pure CS coating respectively, but also maintained a high content of ascorbic acid. Therefore, this study confirmed that the use of amphiphilic polymers for improving the surface properties of fruits can effectively facilitate the wetting of hydrophilic coatings on fruits, and significantly improve the fresh-keeping performance of edible coatings.
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High carrier mobility along the [111] orientation in Cu 2O photoelectrodes. Nature 2024; 628:765-770. [PMID: 38658685 PMCID: PMC11043049 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Solar fuels offer a promising approach to provide sustainable fuels by harnessing sunlight1,2. Following a decade of advancement, Cu2O photocathodes are capable of delivering a performance comparable to that of photoelectrodes with established photovoltaic materials3-5. However, considerable bulk charge carrier recombination that is poorly understood still limits further advances in performance6. Here we demonstrate performance of Cu2O photocathodes beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting a new conceptual understanding of carrier recombination and transport in single-crystal Cu2O thin films. Using ambient liquid-phase epitaxy, we present a new method to grow single-crystal Cu2O samples with three crystal orientations. Broadband femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy measurements were used to quantify anisotropic optoelectronic properties, through which the carrier mobility along the [111] direction was found to be an order of magnitude higher than those along other orientations. Driven by these findings, we developed a polycrystalline Cu2O photocathode with an extraordinarily pure (111) orientation and (111) terminating facets using a simple and low-cost method, which delivers 7 mA cm-2 current density (more than 70% improvement compared to that of state-of-the-art electrodeposited devices) at 0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 G illumination, and stable operation over at least 120 h.
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Polylactic acid-based microcapsules for moisture-triggered release of chlorine dioxide and its application in cherry tomatoes preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128662. [PMID: 38065456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA)-based microcapsules, capable of releasing chlorine dioxide (ClO2) upon exposure to moisture, have been developed for fruits and vegetables preservation. The microcapsules were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation, utilizing PLA as the wall material, and NaClO2 as the core material. After optimization, NaClO2 microcapsules exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 55.75% and an average particle size of 498.08 μm. Citric acid microcapsules were prepared using the same process, but with citric acid as the core material. When the two kinds of microcapsules were mixed, gaseous ClO2 was released in a highly humid environment. The release rate could be adjusted by temperature and the ratio between the two microcapsules, and the release period could be as long as 17 days at 20 °C. With a certain amount of microcapsules placed in the package of cherry tomatoes, the decay rate and weight loss rate of the fruits were reduced by 63 % and 34 %, respectively, compared to the control group. The microcapsules also helped to maintain the good appearance, hardness, and the content of total soluble solid content and titratable acid content of cherry tomatoes. Therefore, the PLA-based microcapsules have satisfied convenience and effectiveness for application in fruit and vegetables preservation.
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Efficient Cu 2O Photocathodes for Aqueous Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Formate and Syngas. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27939-27949. [PMID: 38090815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (PEC-CO2R) represents a promising approach for producing renewable fuels and chemicals using solar energy. However, attaining even modest solar-to-fuel (STF) conversion efficiency often necessitates the use of costly semiconductors and noble-metal catalysts. Herein, we present a Cu2O/Ga2O3/TiO2 photocathode modified with Sn/SnOx catalysts through a simple photoelectrodeposition method. It achieves a remarkable half-cell STF efficiency of ∼0.31% for the CO2R in aqueous KHCO3 electrolyte, under AM 1.5 G illumination. The system enables efficient production of syngas (FE: ∼62%, CO/H2 ≈ 1:2) and formate (FE: ∼38%) with a consistent selectivity over a wide potential range, from +0.34 to -0.16 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode. We ascribe the observed performance to the favorable optoelectronic characteristics of our Cu2O heterostructure and the efficient Sn/SnOx catalysts incorporated in the PEC-CO2R reactions. Through comprehensive experimental investigations, we elucidate the indispensable role of Cu2O buried p-n junctions in generating a high photovoltage (∼1 V) and enabling efficient bulk charge separation (up to ∼70% efficiency). Meanwhile, we discover that the deposited Sn/SnOx catalysts have critical dual effects on the overall performance of the PEC devices, serving as active CO2R catalysts as well as the semiconductor front contact. It could facilitate interfacial electron transfer between the catalysts and the semiconductor device for CO2R by establishing a barrier-free ohmic contact.
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From the West to the East: an evidence-based educational reform for modern medical students in traditional Chinese medicine learning. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1223614. [PMID: 37766919 PMCID: PMC10520962 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1223614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Generally, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) courses are now given to modern medicine students without proper course scheduling, resulting in poor teaching results. Methods To analyze the main factors affecting TCM learning, we surveyed the medical students and TCM teachers from Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University via online questionnaires. The questionnaire comprised two parts, the students' part included the basic information, the subjective cognition in TCM, the attitude toward TCM course arrangements, and the attitude toward curriculum content and the design of TCM. The teachers' part included the basic information, the attitudes and opinions on TCM course arrangements, and suggestions and views on TCM teaching reform. The related data were collected from 187 medical students divided into two groups, namely, clinical medical students and non-clinical medical students. Results We found a more positive attitude toward TCM [including "Scientific nature of TCM" (P = 0.03) and "Necessity for modern medicine students to learn TCM" (P = 0.037)] in clinical medical students compared with non-clinical medical students, clinical and non-clinical medical students tended to find TCM courses difficult, and the students prefer clinical training to be better than theoretical teaching, while the teachers believe that lecture-based education should have a more significant proportion. Discussion Hence, to optimize the current TCM teaching, we conducted education reform, including differentiated teaching, hybrid teaching, and selective teaching.
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Variations in Rhizospheric and Endophytic Root Fungal Communities of Scrophularia ningpoensis in Different Producing Areas. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:323. [PMID: 37594529 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association of factors associated with soil fertility and composition with the structure of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and endosphere. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effects of geographical differences on fungal communities in the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis and the relationship between the fungal communities and secondary metabolic components in the host plant. We found that there was greater diversity in the fungal communities of the rhizosphere compartment than in endosphere communities. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant among the endosphere fungi, whereas Mortierellomycota was distributed in the rhizosphere. The composition of bulk soil obtained from different producing areas was significantly different, and the correlation between the rhizospheric and physicochemical compartments of the soil was higher than that observed with the endophytic compartment. Redundancy analysis and canonical correspondence analysis of the rhizospheric and endophytic samples revealed that the organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and Hg levels were adequately correlated with the composition of rhizospheric and endophytic fungal communities. Multiple linear regression analyses facilitated the identification of potentially beneficial fungi whose abundance was correlated with levels of secondary metabolites, such as harpagide and harpagoside. These fungi could potentially provide valuable information regarding the use of S. ningpoensis in the medicinal plant industry.
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Piebaldism with café-au-lait macules resulting from a novel mutation of KIT gene in a three-generation Chinese family. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13352. [PMID: 37357653 PMCID: PMC10209842 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piebaldism is a rare, autosomal dominant, and congenital pigmentary disorder characterized by stable depigmentation of the skin and white forelock. Mutations in KIT or SLUG genes result in piebaldism. Most individuals with piebaldism have a family history of the disorder. METHODS In this paper, we report a case of piebaldism with café-au-lait macules resulting from a novel mutation of KIT gene c.1982C > T (p.Thr661Ile) in a three-generation Chinese family. The whole-exome sequencing, mitochondrial gene 3000X, and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the mutation in this new-found pedigree. In addition, we searched the databases of "Punmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, CMJD, WANFANG MED ONLINE", reviewed 88 cases of piebaldism caused by KIT gene mutation, and summarized the relationship between clinical phenotype and genotype of piebaldism through logistic regression and other statistical methods. RESULTS The proband and her affected mother carried a heterozygous c.1982C > T missense mutation (p.Thr661Ile) on KIT gene. Bioinformatics analysis hinted that it had potential pathogenicity. The data showed that piebaldism patients with cafè-au-lait macules had KIT mutations almost located in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and were mostly related to the severe clinical phenotype of piebaldism. CONCLUSION The new heterozygous c.1982C > T missense mutation on KIT caused piebaldism with café-au-lait macules in this Chinese family. This study provides a new reference index for clinicians to judge the severity of clinical phenotypes of piebaldism, broadens the understanding of the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes of piebaldism, and provides reference of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for affected families.
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Rücktitelbild: Exfoliated 2D Layered and Nonlayered Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides Nanosheets as Promising Electrocatalysts for CO
2
Reduction (Angew. Chem. 17/2023). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202303993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Back Cover: Exfoliated 2D Layered and Nonlayered Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides Nanosheets as Promising Electrocatalysts for CO
2
Reduction (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 17/2023). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Reduction at a Direct CuInGaS 2/Electrolyte Junction. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:1645-1651. [PMID: 37090168 PMCID: PMC10111408 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction has received considerable attention given the inherent sustainability and simplicity of directly converting solar energy into carbon-based chemical fuels. However, complex photocathode architectures with protecting layers and cocatalysts are typically needed for selective and stable operation. We report herein that bare CuIn0.3Ga0.7S2 photocathodes can drive the PEC CO2 reduction with a benchmarking 1 Sun photocurrent density of over 2 mA/cm2 (at -2 V vs Fc+/Fc) and a product selectivity of up to 87% for CO (CO/all products) production while also displaying long-term stability for syngas production (over 44 h). Importantly, spectroelectrochemical analysis using PEC impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) complements PEC data to reveal that tailoring the proton donor ability of the electrolyte is crucial for enhancing the performance, selectivity, and durability of the photocathode. When a moderate amount of protons is present, the density of photogenerated charges accumulated at the interface drops significantly, suggesting a faster charge transfer process. However, with a high concentration of proton donors, the H2 evolution reaction is preferred.
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Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem 2023; 15:705-713. [PMID: 37024716 PMCID: PMC10159857 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added products using renewable electricity would potentially help to address current climate concerns. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to propylene, a critical feedstock, requires multiple C-C coupling steps with the transfer of 18 electrons per propylene molecule, and hence is kinetically sluggish. Here we present the electrosynthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals with a peak geometric current density of -5.5 mA cm-2. The metallic copper nanocrystals formed from CuCl precursor present preponderant Cu(100) and Cu(111) facets, likely to favour the adsorption of key *C1 and *C2 intermediates. Strikingly, the production rate of propylene drops substantially when carbon monoxide is used as the reactant. From the electrochemical reduction of isotope-labelled carbon dioxide mixed with carbon monoxide, we infer that the key step for propylene formation is probably the coupling between adsorbed/molecular carbon dioxide or carboxyl with the *C2 intermediates that are involved in the ethylene pathway.
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Extending Cold Ischemic Time Using LUNGguard: A Single Center Experience in Time Shifting. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Development of a novel bamboo cellulose nanofibrils hybrid aerogel with high thermal-insulating performance for fresh strawberry cold-chain logistics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:452-462. [PMID: 36596373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Exfoliated 2D Layered and Nonlayered Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides Nanosheets as Promising Electrocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217253. [PMID: 36744542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials catalysts provide an atomic-scale view on a fascinating arena for understanding the mechanism of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO2 ECR). Here, we successfully exfoliated both layered and nonlayered ultra-thin metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPCh3 ) nanosheets via wet grinding exfoliation (WGE), and systematically investigated the mechanism of MPCh3 as catalysts for CO2 ECR. Unlike the layered CoPS3 and NiPS3 nanosheets, the active Sn atoms tend to be exposed on the surfaces of nonlayered SnPS3 nanosheets. Correspondingly, the nonlayered SnPS3 nanosheets exhibit clearly improved catalytic activity, showing formic acid selectivity up to 31.6 % with -7.51 mA cm-2 at -0.65 V vs. RHE. The enhanced catalytic performance can be attributed to the formation of HCOO* via the first proton-electron pair addition on the SnPS3 surface. These results provide a new avenue to understand the novel CO2 ECR mechanism of Sn-based and MPCh3 -based catalysts.
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Exfoliated 2D Layered and Nonlayered Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides Nanosheets as Promising Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202217253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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A peptide-based ELISA for detection of antibodies against novel goose astrovirus type 1. J Virol Methods 2023; 312:114646. [PMID: 36356679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Goose gout disease is a high morbidity and mortality disease caused by novel serotype 1 goose astrovirus (GAstV-1), which has resulted in huge economic loss to the goose industry of China. However, few diagnostic methods have been developed for serological surveillance of GAstV-1. In our previous study, several novel B cell epitopes were identified in the ORF2 protein of GAstV-1. In this study, one novel peptide of 627-646 aa in the ORF2 recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6C6 was used as an antigen to develop an efficient peptide-based ELISA (pELISA) for detection of antibodies against GAstV-1. Specificity analysis showed that the pELISA only reacted with sera against GAstV-1, but not with sera against other pathogens tested. The sensitivity of the pELISA in detecting positive sera was higher than that of the IFA (Indirect immunofluorescence assay). The coefficients of variation (CV) of the intra-assay and inter-assay were both < 10%, indicating that the reproducibility of pELISA was good. For detection of clinical samples, the pELISA had 87.5% concordance with the IFA. Our data demonstrate that the pELISA generated here provides an accurate, rapid, and economical method for the detection antibodies against GAstV-1 for serological surveillance.
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Pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6 expression is elevated in lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:191-201. [PMID: 37545227 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Previous in vitro studies have indicated that pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6 (P2RY6, P2Y6 receptor) may function as a cancer-promoting factor in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the prognostic significance of P2RY6 expression in LUAD has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the impact of P2RY6 expression on the survival of patients with LUAD. METHODS First, we assessed P2RY6 mRNA and protein expression in LUAD and non-cancerous lung tissues using the online bioinformatics analysis tool GEPIA, fresh LUAD tissues, and LUAD tissue microarrays (TMAs). Second, we investigated the correlation between P2RY6 expression and clinicopathological parameters of LUAD patients based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and TMAs. Finally, we analyzed the prognostic significance of P2RY6 expression in LUAD using the online survival analysis tool Kaplan-Meier Plotter and data from TMAs. RESULTS We demonstrated that P2RY6 mRNA and protein expression levels in LUAD tissues were significantly higher than those in non-cancerous lung tissues. The expression of P2RY6 in LUAD was positively correlated with poor differentiation, more lymph node metastasis, and more advanced clinical stage. Higher P2RY6 expression level was correlated with shorter survival of the LUAD patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that higher P2RY6 tumor expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for LUAD patients. CONCLUSIONS P2RY6 expression was elevated in LUAD and correlated with poor prognosis.
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Investigation of nickel iron layered double hydroxide for water oxidation in different pH electrolytes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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miR-181a-3p from Exosome Excreted by BMSCs Promotes Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Cells Through Activating PR-ERAD Signal Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2023.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the effect of miR-181a-3p from exosome excreted by BMSCs on lung cancer cell apoptosis. Lung cancer cells A549 and normal pulmonary epithelial cells were cultivated in vitro to measure ERAD and PR mRNA level by qRT-PCR or Western blot assay along with
analysis of cell proliferative activity by CCK-8, apoptosis by flow cytometry and level of ERAD, PR and p-AKT. ERAD in A549 cells was significantly elevated compared with BEAS-2B cells and PR was reduced. A549 cell proliferation was restrained after treated with miR-181a-3p from exosome excreted
by BMSCs and cell apoptosis was promoted in a dose-dependent manner. ERAD was down-regulated and PR was up-regulated by miR-181a-3p from exosome excreted by BMSCs in varied concentrations. The proliferation and cell growth of lung cancer could be restrained by exosome derived from BMSCs through
restraining the proliferative signal pathway. The activity of PR-ERAD was affected by the miR-181a-3p from exosome excreted by BMSCs, leading to inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
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Author Correction: A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7726. [PMID: 36513628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Solid‐phase synthesis, reaction mechanism of biomass glycerol metal chelates and its thermal stability property for
polyvinyl chloride. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Surface Modification by Amino Group Inducing for Highly Efficient Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene over a Pd/KIT-6 Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39950-39958. [PMID: 36385822 PMCID: PMC9648143 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toluene is one of the typical volatile organic compounds in industry, particularly in energy and fuels production processes, which is required to be eliminated effectively to protect the environment. Catalytic oxidation of toluene is widely studied for its high efficiency, and rational design and synthesis of metal catalysts are keys for toluene oxidation. In this study, an efficient catalyst was designed and synthesized by introducing -NH2 groups on the ordered mesoporous silica (KIT-6) surface to anchor and disperse Pd species, leading to Pd nanoparticles being highly dispersed with uniform particle size distribution. Meanwhile, it was found that the introduction of -NH2 made Pd centers present an electron-rich state, and the active Pd centers could activate O2 molecules to generate more reactive oxygen species and promote the conversion of toluene, which was verified by in situ XPS and O2-TPD characterization. Compared with the catalysts prepared by an impregnation method, the catalytic performance of the Pd/NH2-KIT-6 (0.5 wt %) catalyst was significantly improved. A conversion of 90% for toluene (2400 ppm, 24,000 mL·g-1·h-1) was achieved at 171 °C, and the toluene conversion was maintained above 90% for 900 min, displaying the excellent activity and stability of the Pd/NH2-KIT-6 catalyst.
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Novel monoclonal antibodies against Fiber-1 of duck adenovirus 3 and their B cell epitopes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1003262. [PMID: 36311658 PMCID: PMC9597451 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1003262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the outbreak of the infection of Duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3) characterized by swelling and hemorrhagic liver and kidney has caused huge economic losses to duck industry since 2014 in China. To date, the B cell epitopes in the Fiber-1 protein and the underlying infection mechanism of DAdV-3 have not been investigated. In this study, the recombinant Fiber-1 protein was first expressed in E. coli and six novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Fiber-1 were generated, designated as 1D8, 1E6, 3G6, 4G1, 4G2, and 6F10, respectively. Moreover, mAbs 3G6 and 6F10 could efficiently immunoprecipitate the Fiber-1 in LMH cells infected with DAdV-3 or transfected with pcDNA3.1-Fiber-1. Notably, mAbs 3G6 and 4G2 also showed certain neutralizing activity against DAdV-3 infection in vitro. Epitopes mapping revealed that the B cell epitope recognized by 6F10, 3G6, 4G1, 1D8, 4G2, and 1E6 was located in 34-66aa, 67-99aa, 64-296aa, 297-329aa, 330-362aa, and 363-395aa, respectively. Sequence alignments further found that the six epitopes recognized by these mAbs were highly conserved among different DAdV-3 isolates. The generated mAbs specific to Fiber-1 and their defined epitopes provide powerful tools for establishing rapid and efficient diagnostics for the detection of DAdV-3 and pave the way for further studying on the critical role of Fiber-1 in mediating the infection of DAdV-3.
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 13 is downregulated in the brain of both Alzheimer's disease mouse models and patients, and that it plays a vital role in the learning and memory. However, the underlying mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 13 in Alzheimer's disease remain unclear. In this study, we established rat models of Alzheimer's disease by stereotaxic injection of amyloid-β (Aβ1-42)-induced into bilateral hippocampus. We also injected lentivirus containing fibroblast growth factor 13 into bilateral hippocampus to overexpress fibroblast growth factor 13. The expression of fibroblast growth factor 13 was downregulated in the brain of the Alzheimer's disease model rats. After overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 13, learning and memory abilities of the Alzheimer's disease model rats were remarkably improved. Fibroblast growth factor 13 overexpression increased brain expression levels of oxidative stress-related markers glutathione, superoxide dismutase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and anti-apoptotic factor BCL. Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor 13 overexpression decreased the number of apoptotic cells, expression of pro-apoptotic factor BAX, cleaved-caspase 3 and amyloid-β expression, and levels of tau phosphorylation, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and acetylcholinesterase in the brain of Alzheimer's disease model rats. The changes were reversed by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. These findings suggest that overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 13 improved neuronal damage in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling pathway.
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Solar reduction of carbon dioxide on copper-tin electrocatalysts with energy conversion efficiency near 20. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5898. [PMID: 36202808 PMCID: PMC9537560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper catalysts modified with tin have been demonstrated to be selective for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. However, such catalysts require the precise control of tin loading amount. Here, we develop a copper/tin-oxide catalyst with dominant tin oxide surface being formed via a spontaneous exchange reaction between sputtered tin and copper oxide. Even though the surface of this catalyst is tin-rich, it achieves an excellent performance towards carbon monoxide production in a flow cell. This contrasts with copper/tin-oxide prepared via atomic layer deposition since it yields selectivity towards carbon monoxide only on a copper-rich surface. Mechanism studies reveal that the tin sites on the tin-rich copper/tin-oxide surface achieve a suitable binding with adsorbed carbon monoxide under the presence of copper. Powered by a triple-junction solar cell, the copper/tin-oxide based electrolyzer sets a new benchmark solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 19.9 percent with a Faradaic efficiency of 98.9 percent towards carbon monoxide under simulated standard air mass 1.5 global illumination. Solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction has witnessed a renaissance in the past decades, but the system suffers from low reaction rates. Here the authors develop a copper/tin-oxide electrocatalyst, achieving a new benchmark solar-to-CO energy conversion efficiency in a flow electrolyzer.
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STAT3 regulates SRGN and promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the FoxO1-miR-148a-5p-CREB1 axis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:919-934. [PMID: 36775421 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is marked by a distinct distribution, is a common subtype of epithelial carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. SRGN acts as an important and poor prognostic factor of NPC through multiple different mechanisms. However, the biological role and mechanism of SRGN in NPC remain unknown. Expression levels of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN in NPC tissues and cell lines were tested by qRT-PCR or/and Western blot. The impacts of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN on NPC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were estimated in vitro by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell experiments, and in vivo by a xenograft tumor model. JASPAR analysis was used to predict the binding activity of Foxo1 (CREB1) with the miR-148a-5p (SRGN) promoter, and the interaction was validated by EMSA and ChIP assays. The miR-148a-5p-CREB1 interaction was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. CREB1 and SRGN were increased while miR-148a-5p was decreased in NPC. Silencing of SRGN and CREB1, as well as miR-148a-5p overexpression, repressed NPC tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. CREB1 promoted SRGN expression in NPC by targeting the promoter area of SRGN. Silencing of FoxO1 facilitated NPC tumor progression, while silencing of STAT3 repressed NPC tumor progression. FoxO1 bound to and regulated miR-148a-5p in NPC, and miR-148a-5p targeted CREB1. Additionally, FoxO1 knockdown abolished the downregulation of CREB1 and SRGN induced by STAT3 silencing. Our results suggest that STAT3 regulates SRGN and promotes the growth and metastasis of NPC through the FoxO1-miR-148a-5p-CREB1 axis.
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Fabrication of nanocellulose fibril-based composite film from bamboo parenchyma cell for antimicrobial food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:152-160. [PMID: 35500771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanocellulose fibril (NCF)-based films for use in food packaging has aroused tremendous attention because of their good biodegradability. In this work, NCFs isolated from bamboo parenchyma cell were used to fabricate the composite film with embedded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Results demonstrate that the low content of AgNPs, especially at content of 0.1 wt% in the composite film could slightly improve the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composite film by about 11.0%, owing to the reduced thickness of cellulose crystallites and decreased amount of adsorbed water, as well as the increment in crystallinity and the hydrogen-bond intensity confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectra. On the other hand, high content of AgNPs could enhance antimicrobial activity and thermal stability while showed negligible negative effect on tensile properties. Specifically, the maximum inhibition zone of the composite film (with AgNPs content of 0.1 wt%) was 13.5 ± 0.8 mm against Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and 7.5 ± 0.3 mm against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The strong antimicrobial activity of NCF-based films highlights their potential as a biodegradable food packaging material.
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Efficient and stable noble-metal-free catalyst for acidic water oxidation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2294. [PMID: 35484271 PMCID: PMC9050677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing non-noble catalysts with superior activity and durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media is paramount for hydrogen production from water. Still, challenges remain due to the inadequate activity and stability of the OER catalyst. Here, we report a cost-effective and stable manganese oxybromide (Mn7.5O10Br3) catalyst exhibiting an excellent OER activity in acidic electrolytes, with an overpotential of as low as 295 ± 5 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Mn7.5O10Br3 maintains good stability under operating conditions for at least 500 h. In situ Raman spectroscopy, X ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations confirm that a self-oxidized surface with enhanced electronic transmission capacity forms on Mn7.5O10Br3 and is responsible for both the high catalytic activity and long-term stability during catalysis. The development of Mn7.5O10Br3 as an OER catalyst provides crucial insights into the design of non-noble metal electrocatalysts for water oxidation. While acidic water splitting offers a renewable means to obtain renewable hydrogen fuel, the catalysts needed to oxidize water often require expensive noble metals. Here, authors show manganese oxyhalides as acidic oxygen evolution electrocatalysts.
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Distribution of bacteriologically positive and bacteriologically negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Northwest China: spatiotemporal analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6895. [PMID: 35477716 PMCID: PMC9046232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major health issue in Northwest China. Most previous studies on the spatiotemporal patterns of PTB considered all PTB cases as a whole; they did not distinguish notified bacteriologically positive PTB (BP-PTB) and notified bacteriologically negative PTB (BN-PTB). Thus, the spatiotemporal characteristics of notified BP-PTB and BN-PTB are still unclear. A retrospective county-level spatial epidemiological study (2011-2018) was conducted in Shaanxi, Northwest China. In total, 44,894 BP-PTB cases were notified, with an average annual incidence rate of 14.80 per 100,000 persons between 2011 and 2018. Global Moran's I values for notified BP-PTB ranged from 0.19 to 0.49 (P < 0.001). Anselin's local Moran's I analysis showed that the high-high (HH) cluster for notified BP-PTB incidence was mainly located in the southernmost region. The primary spatiotemporal cluster for notified BP-PTB (LLR = 612.52, RR = 1.77, P < 0.001) occurred in the central region of the Guanzhong Plain in 2011. In total, 116,447 BN-PTB cases were notified, with an average annual incidence rate of 38.38 per 100,000 persons between 2011 and 2018. Global Moran's I values for notified BN-PTB ranged from 0.39 to 0.69 (P < 0.001). The HH clusters of notified BN-PTB were mainly located in the north between 2011 and 2014 and in the south after 2015. The primary spatiotemporal cluster for notified BN-PTB (LLR = 1084.59, RR = 1.85, P < 0.001) occurred in the mountainous areas of the southernmost region from 2014 to 2017. Spatiotemporal clustering of BP-PTB and BN-PTB was detected in the poverty-stricken mountainous areas of Shaanxi, Northwest China. Our study provides evidence for intensifying PTB control activities in these geographical clusters.
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Development of pH-responsive absorbent pad based on polyvinyl alcohol/agarose/anthocyanins for meat packaging and freshness indication. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:203-215. [PMID: 34995663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Absorbent pads with antioxidant and pH-responsive color changing functions have been developed based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), agarose (AG), and purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA), aiming for fresh keeping and freshness indication of meat. The effects of PSPA content on the structure, physical properties, and colorimetric response towards pH changing of pads were evaluated. The results showed that PSPA interacted with PVA and AG and influenced the crystallinity, thermal stability and micro-morphology of pads. The increase of the PSPA content from 3% to 12% improved the strength and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the pads, but reduced the swelling ratio. Significant color change of the pads was observed when pH increased from 3 to 10, and the pad containing 9% PSPA presented the most distinguishable color change with the change of pH. When applied as an absorbent pad for minced meat packaging, the pad indicated the real-time spoilage of the meat through obvious color change, and also extended the shelf life by at least 24 h. Therefore, the dual-functional pad shows great potential to be applied as a smart and active packaging for fresh meat, which would play an important role in ensuring food safety and improving food storage quality.
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Solar Water Splitting Using Earth-Abundant Electrocatalysts Driven by High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102471. [PMID: 34962096 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered as the "holy grail" for the energy community. One of the most promising strategies to produce hydrogen is to split water using renewable energy such as solar radiation. The abundance of water and solar energy enables the potential of scaling-up of this new technology, if suitable electrocatalysts and solar cells are developed. In this work, a series of materials made of earth-abundant elements was investigated for hydrogen evolution or oxygen evolution reaction. Among the developed catalysts, MoS2 and NiFe showed the best activities for proton reduction and water oxidation, respectively. These catalysts were further integrated into an alkaline electrolyzer, which delivered a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a cell voltage of 1.9 V for water splitting. Using two in-series-connected perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as a power source, a remarkable solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 12.67 % was achieved in an alkaline electrolyzer with a partial current density of 10.3 mA cm-2 for hydrogen production. The usage of earth-abundant catalysts in this study, together with the employment of low-cost perovskite light absorber, shows the potential of scaling up this type of photovoltaic electrolyzer for sustainable hydrogen production.
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A Novel Recombinant FAdV-4 Virus with Fiber of FAdV-8b Provides Efficient Protection against Both FAdV-4 and FAdV-8b. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020376. [PMID: 35215968 PMCID: PMC8878265 DOI: 10.3390/v14020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, the outbreaks of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) caused by the highly pathogenic serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) and serotype 8 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-8), respectively, have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Although several vaccines have been developed to control HHS or IBH, a recombinant genetic engineering vaccine against both FAdV-4 and FAdV-8 has not been reported. In this study, recombinant FAdV-4 expressing the fiber of FAdV-8b, designated as FA4-F8b, expressing fiber of FAdV-8b was generated by the CRISPR-Cas9 and homologous recombinant techniques. Infection studies in vitro and in vivo revealed that the FA4-F8b replicated efficiently in LMH cells and was also highly pathogenic to 2-week-old SPF chickens. Moreover, the inoculation of inactivated the FA4-F8b in chickens could not only induce highly neutralizing antibodies, but also provide efficient protection against both FAdV-4 and FAdV-8b. All these demonstrate that the inactivated recombinant FA4-F8b generated here can act as a vaccine candidate to control HHS and IBH, and FAdV-4 can be an efficient vaccine vector to deliver foreign antigens.
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[Effects of Greenhouse and Open-field Cultivation on Heavy Metal Uptake During Carrot Growth]. HUAN JING KE XUE= HUANJING KEXUE 2022; 43:1004-1014. [PMID: 35075874 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the absorption dynamics of heavy metal(loid)s by crops under different cultivation methods is critical for risk management and control for heavy metal pollution. Here, taking carrots as an example, the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and contents of heavy metals in soil and carrots were analyzed. We compared the absorption and transport characteristics of six metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) during the three key growth periods under greenhouse and open-field cultivation methods. In addition, the effects of planting methods on carrot biomass and heavy metal content over time were studied, and a health risk assessment was conducted. The results showed that the greenhouse and open-field cultivation methods had the following in common:① As the carrots continuously grew, the metal uptake and biomass in the belowground part (edible part) and the metal(loid) concentrations in the aboveground and belowground parts both showed trends of increasing first and then decreasing or stabilizing. ② The absorption of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in carrots was mostly accumulated in the aboveground part. ③ The content of Cd in the edible part exceeded the standard, and the total target hazard quotient was>1, indicating potential adverse health risks, most of which were contributed by As and Cd. Compared to that under open-field, the short-term greenhouse cultivation had a harvest time approximately 15 d earlier. The As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the aboveground part during the seedling and fast-growing periods were significantly lower in the greenhouse than that in the open-field (P<0.05) but did not differ between greenhouse and open-field (except As) at the mature stage. The concentrations of As and Cd in the belowground part of greenhouse carrots were lower in the greenhouse than those of carrots grown in the open-field at the seedling stage (P<0.05). The absorption of As and Cd was decreased significantly from 0 to 95 d (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the metal concentration and absorption in the rest of the growth stages. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of As, Cd, and Pb in the aboveground part in all stages and those of As and Cd in the belowground part in the seedling stage were lower in the greenhouse than that in the open-field. This study emphasizes the possibility of short-term changes in cultivation mode to reduce the risks of metal(loid)s in contaminated farmland vegetables.
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Development and Internal Validation of a Nomogram-Based Model to Predict Three-Year and Five-Year Overall Survival in Patients with Stage II/III Colon Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:225-236. [PMID: 35058717 PMCID: PMC8765714 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s335665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram-based model to predict the three-year and five-year overall survival (OS) of patients with stage II/III colon cancer following radical resection. METHODS A total of 1156 patients with stage II/III colon cancer who underwent radical resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between December 2012 and December 2018 were enrolled. Lasso regression was used to screen out 12 variables: age, prealbumin, albumin, degree of differentiation, total tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, T stage, N stage, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), platelet/lymphocyte count, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The data set was then randomly split into a modeling set and a validation set, and the bootstrap method was used to verify the internal validity of the final model. A nomogram was then used to present the model, and the risk groups were categorized according to the total score in the nomogram. RESULTS This study established and developed a simple, easy-to-use predictive model that included age, degree of differentiation, N stage, CA19-9, PNI, and postoperative chemotherapy as variables. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, only postoperative chemotherapy was identified as an independent risk factor for death in patients with colon cancer. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the model demonstrated good resolution, with an area under the curve of 0.803. Decision curve analysis indicated that the model had a good positive net gain, and the bootstrap method was used to verify its stability. In the OS rate, the C-index was 0.78. According to the total score of the nomogram, the risk group was layered by drawing the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve. In the three-year OS K-M curve, the survival rates of the low-risk group, the medium-risk group, and the high-risk group were 96%, 93%, and 82%, respectively. In the five-year OS K-M curve, the survival rates of the low-risk group, the medium-risk group, and the high-risk group were 94%, 90%, and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSION The nomogram-based prediction model developed in this study is stable and has good resolution, reliability, and net gain. It will therefore be useful for clinicians performing risk stratification and postoperative monitoring and in the development of personalized treatment options for patients with stage II/III colon cancer.
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Revisiting the Impact of Morphology and Oxidation State of Cu on CO 2 Reduction Using Electrochemical Flow Cell. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:345-351. [PMID: 34982561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a flow electrolyzer represents a promising carbon-neutral technology with efficient production of valuable chemicals. In this work, the catalytic performance of polycrystalline copper (Cu), Cu2O-derived copper (O(I)D-Cu), and CuO-derived copper (O(II)D-Cu) toward CO2 reduction is unraveled in a custom-designed flow cell. A peak Faradaic efficiency of >70% and a production rate of ca. -250 mA cm-2 toward C2+ products have been achieved on all the catalysts. In contrast to previous studies that reported a propensity for C2+ products on OD-Cu in conventional H-cells, the selectivity and activity of ethylene-dominated C2+ products are quite similar on the three types of catalysts at the same current density in our flow reactor. Our analysis also reveals current density to be a critical factor determining the C-C coupling in a flow cell, regardless of Cu catalyst's initial oxidation state and morphology.
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Anterior Cingulate Cortex Mediates Hyperalgesia and Anxiety Induced by Chronic Pancreatitis in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:342-358. [PMID: 34907496 PMCID: PMC9068840 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Central sensitization is essential in maintaining chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis (CP), but cortical modulation of painful CP remains elusive. Here, we examined the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the pathogenesis of abdominal hyperalgesia in a rat model of CP induced by intraductal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS treatment resulted in long-term abdominal hyperalgesia and anxiety in rats. Morphological data indicated that painful CP induced a significant increase in FOS-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and ACC, and some FOS-expressing neurons in the NTS projected to the ACC. In addition, a larger portion of ascending fibers from the NTS innervated pyramidal neurons, the neural subpopulation primarily expressing FOS under the condition of painful CP, rather than GABAergic neurons within the ACC. CP rats showed increased expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1, and increased membrane trafficking and phosphorylation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit NR2B and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluR1 within the ACC. Microinjection of NMDAR and AMPAR antagonists into the ACC to block excitatory synaptic transmission significantly attenuated abdominal hyperalgesia in CP rats, which was similar to the analgesic effect of endomorphins injected into the ACC. Specifically inhibiting the excitability of ACC pyramidal cells via chemogenetics reduced both hyperalgesia and comorbid anxiety, whereas activating these neurons via optogenetics failed to aggravate hyperalgesia and anxiety in CP rats. Taken together, these findings provide neurocircuit, biochemical, and behavioral evidence for involvement of the ACC in hyperalgesia and anxiety in CP rats, as well as novel insights into the cortical modulation of painful CP, and highlights the ACC as a potential target for neuromodulatory interventions in the treatment of painful CP.
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A Novel Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Feature Extraction Method Based on Gene Function Analysis and Its Applications in Glioma Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:797057. [PMID: 34917514 PMCID: PMC8670174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.797057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical in revealing cell heterogeneity and identifying new cell subtypes, cell clustering based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is challenging. Due to the high noise, sparsity, and poor annotation of scRNA-seq data, existing state-of-the-art cell clustering methods usually ignore gene functions and gene interactions. In this study, we propose a feature extraction method, named FEGFS, to analyze scRNA-seq data, taking advantage of known gene functions. Specifically, we first derive the functional gene sets based on Gene Ontology (GO) terms and reduce their redundancy by semantic similarity analysis and gene repetitive rate reduction. Then, we apply the kernel principal component analysis to select features on each non-redundant functional gene set, and we combine the selected features (for each functional gene set) together for subsequent clustering analysis. To test the performance of FEGFS, we apply agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on FEGFS and compared it with seven state-of-the-art clustering methods on six real scRNA-seq datasets. For small datasets like Pollen and Goolam, FEGFS outperforms all methods on all four evaluation metrics including adjusted Rand index (ARI), normalized mutual information (NMI), homogeneity score (HOM), and completeness score (COM). For example, the ARIs of FEGFS are 0.955 and 0.910, respectively, on Pollen and Goolam; and those of the second-best method are only 0.938 and 0.910, respectively. For large datasets, FEGFS also outperforms most methods. For example, the ARIs of FEGFS are 0.781 on both Klein and Zeisel, which are higher than those of all other methods but slight lower than those of SC3 (0.798 and 0.807, respectively). Moreover, we demonstrate that CMF-Impute is powerful in reconstructing cell-to-cell and gene-to-gene correlation and in inferring cell lineage trajectories. As for application, take glioma as an example; we demonstrated that our clustering methods could identify important cell clusters related to glioma and also inferred key marker genes related to these cell clusters.
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Combined Precursor Engineering and Grain Anchoring Leading to MA‐Free, Phase‐Pure, and Stable α‐Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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LINC00641 contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell malignancy through FOXD1 upregulation at the post-transcriptional level. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:750-758. [PMID: 34767742 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common tumor in the head and neck and is prevalent in China, especially in the southern regions. Molecular mechanisms have attracted much attention in NPC research. FOXD1 has been reported to be a tumor promoter in various cancers. The present study was designed to explore the function of FOXD1 in NPC cells. Functional analyses, including the trypan blue staining assay, EdU and JC-1 assay, and flow cytometry analysis, revealed that FOXD1 facilitated NPC cell proliferation and inhibited NPC cell apoptosis. Next, by means of "starBase" database and mechanism analyses, such as RIP assay, RNA pull-down assay and luciferase reporter assay, miR-378a-3p was found to target FOXD1 and negatively regulate FOXD1 expression in NPC cells. Moreover, miR-378a-3p plays a suppressive role in NPC cells. LINC00641 was identified as a sponge of miR-378a-3p and positively modulated FOXD1 expression in NPC cells. Finally, a series of rescue assays indicated that LINC00641 accelerated NPC cell proliferation and hindered NPC cell apoptosis through FOXD1 upregulation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated an innovative ceRNA mechanism of LINC00641/miR-378a-3p/FOXD1 in NPC cells, which might provide new insights into NPC treatment.
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Combined Precursor Engineering and Grain Anchoring Leading to MA-Free, Phase-Pure, and Stable α-Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27299-27306. [PMID: 34716638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
α-Formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3 ) is one of the most promising candidate materials for high-efficiency and thermally stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its outstanding optoelectrical properties and high thermal stability. However, achieving a stable form of α-FAPbI3 where both the composition and the phase are pure is very challenging. Herein, we report on a combined strategy of precursor engineering and grain anchoring to successfully prepare methylammonium (MA)-free and phase-pure stable α-FAPbI3 films. The incorporation of volatile FA-based additives in the precursor solutions completely suppresses the formation of non-perovskite δ-FAPbI3 during film crystallization. Grains of the desired α-phase are anchored together and stabilized when 4-tert-butylbenzylammonium iodide is permeated into the α-FAPbI3 film interior via grain boundaries. This cooperative scheme leads to a significantly increased efficiency close to 21 % for FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the stabilized PSCs exhibit improved thermal stability and maintained ≈90 % of their initial efficiency after storage at 50 °C for over 1600 hours.
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Emergence of lesions outside of the basal ganglia and irreversible damage to the basal ganglia with severe β-ketothiolase deficiency: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9276-9284. [PMID: 34786414 PMCID: PMC8567524 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.9276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-ketothiolase deficiency (β-KTD) is an inherited disease, and insufficient attention has been paid to imageology due to its lower morbidity. Therefore, few lesions outside the basal ganglia have been found before, and the persistent pathological changes have rarely been reported.
CASE SUMMARY A 10-mo-old Chinese female patient with a free previous medical history but with poor physical and athletic development had received the haemophilus influenzae vaccine and then developed a low fever 2 d prior. She was initially diagnosed with severe brain injury, central respiratory failure, metabolic acidosis complicated with respiratory alkalosis, hyper-IgE, etc. With further examination, a definite diagnosis of β-KTD was made. Symptomatic treatment was adopted. Ten days later, the dyspnea was improved evidently and the ventilator was removed, but there were still obvious abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lesions mainly invaded the corpus striatum but were not limited to the basal ganglia. Then, the patient’s disease improved and discharged approximately 1 mo later, and the abnormal lesions on MRI had partially improved. However, for about 1 year, the residual irreversible lesions were observed on MRI, the mental and physical development of the patient was obviously regressive, and extra rehabilitation training was needed.
CONCLUSION The case highlights the critical importance of one view that the range of lesions in some patients may be more extensive than previously thought in some β-KTD patients. In addition to biochemical tests, genetic tests and magnetic resonance imaging are not only conducive to quickly diagnosing β-KTD but also to partially evaluating the short- and long-term outcomes. Moreover, more attention should be paid to the two mutations (c.478C>G; c.951C>T) that may be associated with severe β-KTD.
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Diagnostic value of heparin-binding protein in the cerebrospinal fluid for purulent meningitis in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11295. [PMID: 34495248 PMCID: PMC8427748 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with purulent meningitis (PM). This study included 118 children with PM diagnosed at our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020, 110 children with viral meningitis (VM) and 80 children with suspected meningitis who were ruled out by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis during the same period. HBP and white blood cell (WBC) count in the CSF, and inflammatory factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and procalcitonin (PCT), were measured. Receiver-operator characteristic curves were used to analyze the predictive value of HBP, CRP, PCT, and TNF-α levels in the diagnosis of PM by CSF analysis. HBP levels in the CSF of children with PM were higher, while the CRP and serum PCT and TNF-α levels were elevated in all groups (P<0.05). In addition, HBP levels in the CSF were more accurate for the diagnosis of PM than traditional diagnostic indexes. HBP levels in the CSF can be used as an important reference for early diagnosis of PM.
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Fabrication of oppositely charged thin-film composite polyamide membranes with tunable nanofiltration performance by using a piperazine derivative. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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New Insights into the Interface of Electrochemical Flow Cells for Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Ethylene. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7583-7589. [PMID: 34347495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of an electrochemical flow cell has enabled improved efficiency for CO2 reduction. However, in situ spectroscopic insights into the interface are still lacking. Here, we investigate a series of copper layers with different thicknesses on gas diffusion electrodes as a benchmark, with the best-performing one showing a Faradaic efficiency of 59.5% and a partial current density of -170 mA cm-2 for ethylene formation in 1 M KOH at -0.70 V against a reversible hydrogen electrode. By comparing the geometric as well as specific current density for ethylene on four Cu catalysts with different thicknesses, we illustrate the effects of bulk pH, local pH, and diffusion of CO2 on C-C coupling. We also reveal that the flexible rotation of the Cu-C bond of the *CO intermediate adsorbed on Cu, as shown by in situ Raman spectroscopy, is likely to be the key factor for efficient C-C coupling in a flow cell.
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Stitch and copolymerization of thin-film composite membranes to enhance hydrophilicity and organics resistance for the separation of glycerol-based wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125446. [PMID: 33930966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many industries produce large amounts of glycerol-based wastewater, which always contains hazardous organic chlorides. Compared with complicated biological treatments or physical adsorption, membrane separation decreases the cost and saves energy. Strong swelling of traditional thin-film composite (TFC) membranes influence the performance in the separation of organic molecules. Here we prepared TFC membranes with an acrylamide-grafted PAN support layer to copolymerize with m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The link of separative layer and support layer was created like a zipper stitching to enhance the stability and resistance for the removal of organic molecules. An aquatic grass-like layer of acrylamide enlarges the surface area and hydrophilicity with superior separation performances (15.8 LMH bar-1 flux, 72.0% rejection of dichloropropanol (DCP) and 64.6% rejection of glycerol (Gl)). The trade-off upper bound was improved to a high level. We also established the simulations of evaporation using Aspen Plus and mathematical models of reverse osmosis to calculate the energy consumption corresponding to the recycle of glycerol-based wastewater. The experimental and theoretical results illustrate the advantages of acrylamide-grafted TFC membranes in the ap-plications to concentrate organic solutes and treat wastewater.
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Anthocyanin attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells via inactivation of ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. TROP J PHARM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether the cytoprotective effect of anthocyanin (Anc) on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced cell injury is related to apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathway.
Methods: PC12 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of Anc (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) in OGD/R-induced cell injury model. The 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3, 5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay was used to assess cell viability. Cell apoptosis was measured by lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and flow cytometry. Western blot was employed to determine the protein expressions of BCL-2, BAX, caspase-3, p-ASK1 (Thr845), p-JNK, and p-p38.
Results: The results indicate that Anc increased the viability of PC12 cells after OGD/R exposure (p < 0.05), and also efficiently rescued OGD/R-induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies showed that these protective roles of Anc are related to the inhibition of ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling pathway.
Conclusion: The results indicate Anc protects against OGD/R-induced cell injury by enhancing cell viability and inhibiting cell apoptosis. The underlying mechanism of action is partly via inactivation of ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Thus, Anc has promise as a potential natural agent to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 dephosphorylated by ALV-J via its Env efficiently promotes ALV-J replication. Virulence 2021; 12:1721-1731. [PMID: 34167452 PMCID: PMC8237968 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1939952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) generally induces hemangioma, myeloid leukosis, and immunosuppression in chickens, causing significant poultry industry economic losses worldwide. The unusual env gene of ALV-J, with low homology to other subgroups of ALVs, is associated with its unique pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular basis for the pathogenesis and oncogenesis of ALV-J is still not fully understood. In this study, ALV-J infection and the overexpression of Env could efficiently downregulate the phosphorylation of SHP-2 (pSHP-2) in vitro and in vivo. The membrane-spanning domain (MSD) in Env Gp37 was the functional domain responsible for pSHP-2 downregulation. Moreover, the overexpression of SHP-2 could effectively promote the replication of ALV-J, whereas knockout or allosteric inhibition of SHP-2 could inhibit ALV-J replication. In addition, the knockout of endogenous chicken SHP-2 could significantly increase the proliferation ability of DF-1 cells. All these data demonstrate that SHP-2 dephosphorylated by ALV-J Env could efficiently promote ALV-J replication, highlighting the important role of SHP-2 in the pathogenesis of ALV-J and providing a new target for developing antiviral drugs against ALV-J.
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