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Berndt D, Glaap D, Jennings T, Dose C, Werz DB, Reckert DNH. Water-Soluble Fluorescent Polymer Dyes with Tunable Emission Spectra for Flow Cytometry Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402616. [PMID: 38488317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The application of spectrally unique, bright, and water-soluble fluorescent dyes is indispensable for the analysis of biological systems. Multiparameter flow cytometry is a powerful tool for characterization of mixed cell populations. To discriminate the different cell populations, they are typically stained by a set of fluorescent reagents, e.g., antibody-fluorophore conjugates. The number of parameters which can be studied simultaneously strongly depends on the availability of reagents which can be differentiated by their spectral properties. In this study a series of fluorescent polymer dyes was developed, that can be excited with a single violet laser (405 nm) but distinguished by their unique emission spectra. The polyfluorene-based polymers can be used on their own, or in combination with covalently bound small-molecule dyes to generate energy transfer constructs to red-shift the emission wavelength based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The polymer dyes were utilized in a biological flow cytometry assay by conjugating several of them to antibodies, demonstrating their effectiveness as reagents. This report represents the first systematic investigation of structure-property relationships for this type of fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berndt
- Miltenyi Biotec BV & Co. KG, Department Chemical Biology, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorina Glaap
- Miltenyi Biotec BV & Co. KG, Department Chemical Biology, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Travis Jennings
- Miltenyi Biotec BV & Co. KG, Department Chemical Biology, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christian Dose
- Miltenyi Biotec BV & Co. KG, Department Chemical Biology, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk N H Reckert
- Miltenyi Biotec BV & Co. KG, Department Chemical Biology, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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2
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Röttger SH, Patalag LJ, Hasenmaile F, Milbrandt L, Butschke B, Jones PG, Werz DB. Linear Amine-Linked Oligo-BODIPYs: Convergent Access via Buchwald-Hartwig Coupling. Org Lett 2024; 26:3020-3025. [PMID: 38564714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A convergent route toward nitrogen-bridged BODIPY oligomers has been developed. The synthetic key step is a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction of an α-amino-BODIPY and the respective halide. Not only does the selective synthesis provide control of the oligomer size, but the facile preparative procedure also enables easy access to these types of dyes. Furthermore, functionalized examples were accessible via brominated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian H Röttger
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lukas J Patalag
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Hasenmaile
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lukas Milbrandt
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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3
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Mindner J, Rombach S, Werz DB. Copper-Assisted (Pseudo-)Halochalcogenation of Arynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2124-2128. [PMID: 38427809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the multicomponent coupling reaction between arynes, (pseudo)halides, and an electrophilic chalcogen species. Addition of a copper salt enabled smooth conversion by suppressing side reactions. A variety of different aryne precursors as well as seleno- and thiosulfonates were employed, yielding a broad spectrum of ortho-(pseudo)halogenated chalcogenides. This motif was subjected to different cross-coupling approaches, demonstrating the applicability of these compounds as building blocks for more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Mindner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sina Rombach
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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4
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Bozzi ÍAO, Machado LA, Diogo EBT, Delolo FG, Barros LOF, Graça GAP, Araujo MH, Martins FT, Pedrosa LF, da Luz LC, Moraes ES, Rodembusch FS, Guimarães JSF, Oliveira AG, Röttger SH, Werz DB, Souza CP, Fantuzzi F, Han J, Marder TB, Braunschweig H, da Silva Júnior EN. Electrochemical Diselenation of BODIPY Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications and Sensitization of 1 O 2. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400244. [PMID: 38299452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Holger Braunschweig at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany and Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Brazil. The image depicts the electrochemical synthesis of selenium-containing BODIPY molecules with lightning symbolizing the electrifying synthetic process, while the surrounding elemental chaos hints at the red-shifted absorption and emission and the transformative photophysical properties of these new compounds. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202303883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ícaro A O Bozzi
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luana A Machado
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fábio G Delolo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiza O F Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A P Graça
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria H Araujo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe T Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Pedrosa
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, RJ, 27213-145, Brazil
| | - Lilian C da Luz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Moraes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Cidade Universitária, 13083970 -, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - João S F Guimarães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André G Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sebastian H Röttger
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg (Breisgau), Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg (Breisgau), Germany
| | - Cauê P Souza
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jianhua Han
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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5
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Bozzi ÍAO, Machado LA, Diogo EBT, Delolo FG, Barros LOF, Graça GAP, Araujo MH, Martins FT, Pedrosa LF, da Luz LC, Moraes ES, Rodembusch FS, Guimarães JSF, Oliveira AG, Röttger SH, Werz DB, Souza CP, Fantuzzi F, Han J, Marder TB, Braunschweig H, da Silva Júnior EN. Electrochemical Diselenation of BODIPY Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications and Sensitization of 1 O 2. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303883. [PMID: 38085637 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We report a rapid, efficient, and scope-extensive approach for the late-stage electrochemical diselenation of BODIPYs. Photophysical analyses reveal red-shifted absorption - corroborated by TD-DFT and DLPNO-STEOM-CCSD computations - and color-tunable emission with large Stokes shifts in the selenium-containing derivatives compared to their precursors. In addition, due to the presence of the heavy Se atoms, competitive ISC generates triplet states which sensitize 1 O2 and display phosphorescence in PMMA films at RT and in a frozen glass matrix at 77 K. Importantly, the selenium-containing BODIPYs demonstrate the ability to selectively stain lipid droplets, exhibiting distinct fluorescence in both green and red channels. This work highlights the potential of electrochemistry as an efficient method for synthesizing unique emission-tunable fluorophores with broad-ranging applications in bioimaging and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ícaro A O Bozzi
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luana A Machado
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fábio G Delolo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiza O F Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A P Graça
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria H Araujo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe T Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Pedrosa
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, RJ, 27213-145, Brazil
| | - Lilian C da Luz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Moraes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Cidade Universitária, 13083970 -, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - João S F Guimarães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André G Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sebastian H Röttger
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg (Breisgau), Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg (Breisgau), Germany
| | - Cauê P Souza
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jianhua Han
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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Saha A, Ali W, Werz DB, Maiti D. Highly scalable photoinduced synthesis of silanols via untraversed pathway for chlorine radical (Cl •) generation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8173. [PMID: 38071374 PMCID: PMC10710510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of visible light-mediated synthetic transformations has transpired as a promising approach to redefine traditional organic synthesis in a sustainable way. In this genre, transition metal-mediated photoredox catalysis has led the way and recreated a plethora of organic transformations. However, the use of photochemical energy solely to initiate the reaction is underexplored. With the direct utilization of photochemical energy herein, we have established a general and practical protocol for the synthesis of diversely functionalized organosilanols, silanediols, and polymeric siloxanol engaging a wide spectrum of hydrosilanes under ambient reaction conditions. Streamlined synthesis of bio-active silanols via late-stage functionalization underscores the importance of this sustainable protocol. Interestingly, this work also reveals photoinduced non-classical chlorine radical (Cl•) generation from a readily available chlorinated solvent under aerobic conditions. The intriguing factors of the proposed mechanism involving chlorine and silyl radicals as intermediates were supported by a series of mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Wajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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7
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von Köller HF, Geffers FJ, Kalvani P, Foraita A, Loß PEJ, Butschke B, Jones PG, Werz DB. Access to isoindole-derived BODIPYs by an aminopalladation cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37997044 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a new route to dyes of the BODIPY family. We first built up a N-Boc-protected dipyrromethene scaffold via an aminopalladation cascade. Subsequentially, the pyrrole moiety was deprotected and the BF2 unit inserted. Depending on the terminating reaction, BODIPYs with either aryl or alkynyl moieties were accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich F von Köller
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Finn J Geffers
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pedram Kalvani
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Adrian Foraita
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick-Eric J Loß
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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8
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Socrier L, Sharma A, Chen T, Flato K, Kettelhoit K, Enderlein J, Werz DB, Steinem C. Fluorophore position of headgroup-labeled Gb 3 glycosphingolipids in lipid bilayers. Biophys J 2023; 122:4104-4112. [PMID: 37735870 PMCID: PMC10598288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent lipid probes are an invaluable tool for investigating lipid membranes. In particular, localizing certain receptor lipids such as glycosphingolipids within phase-separated membranes is of pivotal interest to understanding the influence of protein-receptor lipid binding on membrane organization. However, fluorescent labeling can readily alter the phase behavior of a lipid membrane because of the interaction of the fluorescent moiety with the membrane interface. Here, we investigated Gb3 glycosphingolipids, serving as receptor lipids for the protein Shiga toxin, with a headgroup attached BODIPY fluorophore separated by a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer of different lengths. We found that the diffusion coefficients of the fluorescently labeled Gb3 species in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/Gb3 (98:2, n/n) supported lipid bilayers are unaltered by the PEG spacer length. However, quenching as well as graphene-induced energy transfer experiments indicated that the length of the PEG spacer (n = 3 and n = 13) alters the position of the BODIPY fluorophore. In particular, the graphene-induced energy transfer technique provided accurate end-to-end distances between the fluorophores in the two leaflets of the bilayer thus enabling us to quantify the distance between the membrane interface and the fluorophore with sub-nanometer resolution. The spacer with three oligo ethylene glycol groups positioned the BODIPY fluorophore directly at the membrane interface favoring its interaction with the bilayer and thus may disturb lipid packing. However, the longer PEG spacer (n = 13) separated the BODIPY moiety from the membrane surface by 1.5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Akshita Sharma
- III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kira Flato
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Enderlein
- III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
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Oliver GA, Werz DB. Ring-Opening 1,3-Sulfonylation-Fluorination of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Three-Component Access to γ-Fluorosulfones. Org Lett 2023; 25:3568-3572. [PMID: 37159931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A general method for 1,3-bisfunctionalization of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes using sulfinate salts and electrophilic fluorination reagents is described. Utilizing Lewis acid catalysis, nucleophilic ring-opening by the sulfinate anion followed by trapping of electrophilic fluorine by the anionic intermediate leads to the formation of γ-fluorosulfones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct one-step synthesis of sulfones fluorinated in the γ-position from a carbon backbone. A mechanistic proposal is presented based on experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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10
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Kolb S, Werz DB. Site‐selective Hydrogenation/Deuteration of Benzylic Olefins Enabled by Electroreduction Using Water. Chemistry 2023:e202300849. [PMID: 36972395 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe an operationally simple and user-friendly protocol that allows the site-selective hydrogenation and deuteration of di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted benzylic olefins by electroreduction while other groups prone to hydrogenation are present. The radical anionic intermediates react with the most inexpensive hydrogen/deuterium source H2O/D2O. Our method overcomes many limitations that arise from previously reported electro-reductive hydrogenations. The applicability of this reaction is demonstrated by a broad substrate scope (>50 examples) that focuses on functional group tolerance and sites that are affected by metal-catalyzed hydrogenation (alkenes, alkynes, protecting groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kolb
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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11
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Socrier L, Ahadi S, Bosse M, Montag C, Werz DB, Steinem C. Optical Manipulation of Gb 3 Enriched Lipid Domains: Impact of Isomerization on Gb 3 -Shiga Toxin B Interaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202766. [PMID: 36279320 PMCID: PMC10099549 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a complex assembly of proteins and lipids that can self-assemble in submicroscopic domains commonly termed "lipid rafts", which are implicated in membrane signaling and trafficking. Recently, photo-sensitive lipids were introduced to study membrane domain organization, and photo-isomerization was shown to trigger the mixing and de-mixing of liquid-ordered (lo ) domains in artificial phase-separated membranes. Here, we synthesized globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 ) glycosphingolipids that harbor an azobenzene moiety at different positions of the fatty acid to investigate light-induced membrane domain reorganization, and that serve as specific receptors for the protein Shiga toxin (STx). Using phase-separated supported lipid bilayers on mica surfaces doped with four different photo-Gb3 molecules, we found by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy that liquid disordered (ld ) domains were formed within lo domains upon trans-cis photo-isomerization. The fraction and size of these ld domains were largest for Gb3 molecules with the azobenzene group at the end of the fatty acid. We further investigated the impact of domain reorganization on the interaction of the B-subunits of STx with the photo-Gb3 . Fluorescence and atomic force micrographs clearly demonstrated that STxB binds to the lo phase if Gb3 is in the trans-configuration, whereas two STxB populations are formed if the photo-Gb3 is switched to the cis-configuration highlighting the idea of manipulating lipid-protein interactions with a light stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Bosse
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cindy Montag
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Ahlburg NL, Hergert O, Jones PG, Werz DB. Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Activation Enabled by a Single, Vinylogous Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214390. [PMID: 36322458 PMCID: PMC10099577 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of highly activated donor-acceptor cyclopropanes bearing only a single, vinylogous acceptor is presented. These strained moieties readily undergo cycloadditions with aldehydes, ketones, thioketones, nitriles, naphth-2-ols and various other substrates to yield the corresponding carbo- and heterocycles. Diastereocontrol can be achieved through the choice of catalyst (Brønsted or Lewis acid). The formation of tetrahydrofurans was shown to be highly enantiospecific when chiral cyclopropanes are employed. A series of mechanistic and kinetic experiments was conducted to elucidate a plausible catalytic cycle and to rationalize the stereochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Ahlburg
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Oliver Hergert
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgInstitute of Organic ChemistryAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg (Breisgau)Germany
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13
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von Köller HF, Jones PG, Werz DB. A Widely Applicable and Versatile Method for the Ring-Opening 1,3-Carbocarbonation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203986. [PMID: 36579656 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A 1,3-carbocarbonation of 2-substituted cyclopropane 1,1-dicarboxylates introduces various saturated or unsaturated carbon residues at the 1- and 3- position of the former three-membered ring. Under copper catalysis, ring-opening attack with a Grignard reagent proceeded smoothly; the intermediate was converted to the final product by reaction with appropriate carbon-based electrophiles under basic conditions. As nucleophiles, Grignard reagents derived from sp3 -, sp2 -, and sp-hybridized carbon residues were successfully employed, whereas various aliphatic bromides and EBX derivatives (for sp moieties) served as electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich F von Köller
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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14
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Ahlburg NL, Hergert O, Jones PG, Werz DB. Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Activation Enabled by a Single, Vinylogous Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Ahlburg
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Oliver Hergert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Institute of Organic Chemistry Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg (Breisgau) Germany
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15
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Mitric R, Werz DB, Feringa BL. Transforming Dyes into Fluorophores: Exciton‐Induced Emission with Chain‐like Oligo‐BODIPY Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116834. [PMID: 35244983 PMCID: PMC9310714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a systematic study demonstrating to which extent exciton formation can amplify fluorescence based on a series of ethylene‐bridged oligo‐BODIPYs. A set of non‐ and weakly fluorescent BODIPY motifs was selected and transformed into discrete, chain‐like oligomers by linkage via a flexible ethylene tether. The prepared superstructures constitute excitonically active entities with non‐conjugated, Coulomb‐coupled oscillators. The non‐radiative deactivation channels of Internal Conversion (IC), also combined with an upstream reductive Photoelectron Transfer (rPET) and Intersystem Crossing (ISC) were addressed at the monomeric state and the evolution of fluorescence and (non‐)radiative decay rates studied along the oligomeric series. We demonstrate that a “masked” fluorescence can be fully reactivated irrespective of the imposed conformational rigidity. This work challenges the paradigm that a collective fluorescence enhancement is limited to sterically induced motional restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Universität Würzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Universität Würzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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16
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Socrier L, Bail C, Ackermann E, Beresowski AK, Ahadi S, Werz DB, Steinem C. The Interaction of Gb 3 Glycosphingolipids with ld and lo Phase Lipids in Lipid Monolayers Is a Function of Their Fatty Acids. Langmuir 2022; 38:5874-5882. [PMID: 35439015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid Gb3 is a specific receptor of the bacterial Shiga toxin (STx). Binding of STx to Gb3 is a prerequisite for its internalization into the host cells, and the ceramide's fatty acid of Gb3 has been shown to influence STx binding. In in vitro studies on liquid ordered (lo)/liquid disordered (ld) coexisting artificial membranes, Shiga toxin B (STxB) binds solely to lo domains, thus harboring Gb3 concomitant with an observed lipid redistribution process. These findings raise the question of how the molecular structure of the fatty acid of Gb3 influences the interaction of Gb3 with the different lipids preferentially either found in the lo phase, namely, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, or in the ld phase. We addressed this question by using a series of synthetically available and unlabeled Gb3 glycosphingolipids carrying different long chain C24 fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, and α-hydroxylated). In conjunction with surface tension experiments on Langmuir monolayers, we quantified the excess of free energy of mixing of the different Gb3 species in monolayers composed of either sphingomyelin or cholesterol or composed of a fluid phase lipid (DOPC). From a calculation of the total free energy of mixing, we conclude that mixing of the saturated Gb3 species with the ld lipid DOPC is energetically less favorable than all other combinations, while the unsaturated species mix equally well with the lo phase lipids sphingomyelin and cholesterol and the ld phase lipid DOPC. Furthermore, we found that STxB partially penetrates in mixed lipid monolayers (DOPC/sphingomyelin/cholesterol) containing the Gb3 sphingolipid with a saturated or a monounsaturated C24 fatty acid. The maximum insertion pressure, as a measure for protein insertion, is >30 mN/m for both Gb3 molecules and is not significantly different for the two Gb3 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Céline Bail
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena Ackermann
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Beresowski
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Jacob A, Barkawitz P, Jones PG, Werz DB. Insertion of S 2 into Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Access to Dithiolanes and Their Conversion to Thietane Dioxides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3028-3032. [PMID: 35442042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient route to dithiolanes starting from donor-acceptor cyclopropanes is reported. Potassium p-toluenethiosulfonate has been established as the reagent of choice for this formal insertion of the disulfide moiety. Using this methodology, dithiolanes have been synthesized in moderate to good yields with high functional group tolerance. Upon treatment with an excess of mCPBA, the corresponding dithiolanes delivered four-membered thietane dioxides, the formal (3+1)-cycloaddition product of D-A cyclopropanes, and sulfur dioxide.
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18
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Abstract
C-H deuteration has been intricately developed to satisfy the urgent need for site-selectively deuterated organic frameworks. Deuteration has been primarily used to study kinetic isotope effects of reactions but recently its significance in pharmaceutical chemistry has been discovered. Deuterium labelled compounds have stolen the limelight since the inception of the first FDA-approved deuterated drug, for the treatment of chorea-associated Huntington's disease, and their pharmacological importance was realised by chemists, although surprisingly very late. Various approaches were developed to carry out site-selective deuteration. However, the most common and efficient method is hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). This review summarises deuteration methods of various organic motifs containing C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds utilizing C-H bond functionalisation as a key step along with a variety of catalysts, and exemplifies their biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Nilanjan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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19
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Mitric R, Werz DB, Feringa BL. Transforming Dyes Into Fluorophores: Exciton‐Induced Emission with Chain‐like Oligo‐BODIPY Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Roland Mitric
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- TU Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig Institute for Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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20
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Dutta S, Bhattacharya T, Geffers FJ, Bürger M, Maiti D, Werz DB. Pd-catalysed C-H functionalisation of free carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2551-2573. [PMID: 35340865 PMCID: PMC8890104 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalysed C-H functionalisation of free carboxylic acids has drawn significant attention over the last few years due to the predominance of carboxylic acid moieties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. But their coordinating ability was overlooked and masked by exogenous directing groups for a long time. Even other crucial roles of carboxylic acids as additives and steric inducers that directly influence the mode of a reaction have been widely neglected. This review aims to embrace all of the diverse aspects of carboxylic acids except additive and steric effects by concisely and systematically describing their versatile role in Pd-catalysed proximal and distal C-H activation reactions that could be implemented in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. In addition, the mechanistic perspectives along with several recent strategies developed in the last few years discussed here will serve as educational resources for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India https://www.dmaiti.com
| | - Trisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India https://www.dmaiti.com
| | - Finn J Geffers
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany https://www.werzlab.de
| | - Marcel Bürger
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany https://www.werzlab.de
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India https://www.dmaiti.com
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany https://www.werzlab.de
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21
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Abstract
We report a simple, iterative strategy for the synthesis of [7]helicenes starting from substituted 1,4-xylene building blocks. In the first step, we take advantage of the deprotonatable methyl groups to achieve ethano-bridged dimers. These are oxidatively coupled (without using metal-containing catalysts or light) using a hypervalent iodine reagent. Both steps are repeated to obtain the respective σ/π-helicenes. The degree of saturation can be controlled thermally during the oxidative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyll Freese
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Hosseini S, Abdi A, Nikbakht A, Bijanzadeh HR, Rominger F, Werz DB, Balalaie S. Hydrothiolation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes through Er(OTf)3-Promoted Three-Component Ring-Opening Reaction. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1760-8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel ring-opening reaction of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes through a one-pot three-component nucleophilic addition of amines, CS2, and D-A cyclopropanes has been described. New γ-dithiocarbamate dialkyl malonate skeletons were obtained in up to 97% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.Sina Hosseini
- Chemistry, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Aida Abdi
- Chemistry, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ali Nikbakht
- chemistry, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- organic chemistry, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Chemistry, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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23
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Jacob A, Jones PG, Werz DB. Formal insertion of selenoketenes into donor-acceptor cyclopropanes: mesomeric alkynylselenolates as key starting materials. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01568d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) react with lithium alkynylselenolates in the presence of In(OTf)3 to furnish tetrahydroselenophenes with semicyclic double bonds. The reaction can be regarded as a formal insertion of selenoketenes...
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24
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Panja S, Ahsan S, Pal T, Kolb S, Ali W, Sharma S, Das C, Grover J, Dutta A, Werz DB, Paul A, Maiti D. Non-directed Pd-catalysed electrooxidative olefination of arenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9432-9439. [PMID: 36093017 PMCID: PMC9383708 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fujiwara–Moritani reaction is a powerful tool for the olefination of arenes by Pd-catalysed C–H activation. However, the need for superstoichiometric amounts of toxic chemical oxidants makes the reaction unattractive from an environmental and atom-economical view. Herein, we report the first non-directed and regioselective olefination of simple arenes via an electrooxidative Fujiwara–Moritani reaction. The versatility of this operator-friendly approach was demonstrated by a broad substrate scope which includes arenes, heteroarenes and a variety of olefins. Electroanalytical studies suggest the involvement of a Pd(ii)/Pd(iv) catalytic cycle via a Pd(iii) intermediate. The Fujiwara–Moritani reaction using electric current is a powerful tool for the olefination of arenes by Pd-catalysed C–H activation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Panja
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Salman Ahsan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Department of Chemistry, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Tanay Pal
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Simon Kolb
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wajid Ali
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sulekha Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Department of Chemistry, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Chandan Das
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jagrit Grover
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Amit Paul
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Department of Chemistry, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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25
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Mlostoń G, Kowalczyk M, Augustin AU, Jones PG, Werz DB. Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed (3+2)‐Cycloadditions of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Thioketenes. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:6250-6253. [PMID: 35875264 PMCID: PMC9290834 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- University of Łodź Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry Tamka 12 91-403 Łodź Poland
| | - Mateusz Kowalczyk
- University of Łodź Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry Tamka 12 91-403 Łodź Poland
| | - André U. Augustin
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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26
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Selvaggio G, Nißler R, Nietmann P, Patra A, Patalag LJ, Janshoff A, Werz DB, Kruss S. NIR-emitting benzene-fused oligo-BODIPYs for bioimaging. Analyst 2021; 147:230-237. [PMID: 34897304 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores are emerging tools for biophotonics because of their reduced scattering, increased tissue penetration and low phototoxicity. However, the library of NIR fluorophores is still limited. Here, we report the NIR fluorescence of two benzene-fused oligo-BODIPYs in their hexameric (H) and octameric (O) forms. These dyes emit bright NIR fluorescence (H: maxima 943/1075 nm, O: maxima 976/1115 nm) that can be excited in the NIR (H = 921 nm, O = 956 nm) or non-resonantly over a broad range in the visible region. The emission bands of H show a bathochromic shift and peak sharpening with increasing dye concentration. Furthermore, the emission maxima of both H and O shift up to 20 nm in solvents of different polarity. These dyes can be used as NIR ink and imaged remotely on the macroscopic level with a stand-off distance of 20 cm. We furthermore demonstrate their versatility for biophotonics by coating microscale beads and performing microrheology via NIR video particle tracking (NIR-VPT) in biopolymer (F-actin) networks. No photodamaging of the actin filaments takes place, which is typically observed for visible fluorophores and highlights the advantages of these NIR dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Selvaggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Nißler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Nietmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Atanu Patra
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas J Patalag
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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Oliver GA, Loch MN, Augustin AU, Steinbach P, Sharique M, Tambar UK, Jones PG, Bannwarth C, Werz DB. Cycloadditions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and ‐butanes using S=N‐Containing Reagents: Access to Cyclic Sulfinamides, Sulfonamides, and Sulfinamidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndaf A. Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Maximilian N. Loch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - André U. Augustin
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Pit Steinbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Melatener Str. 20 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390-9038 USA
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390-9038 USA
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Melatener Str. 20 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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28
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Abstract
Alkyne aminopalladation reactions starting from tosylamides are reported. The emerging vinylic Pd species are converted either in an intramolecular Heck reaction with olefinic units or in an intermolecular Suzuki reaction by using boronic acids exhibiting broad functional group tolerance. Tetra(hetero)substituted tosylated enamines are obtained in a simple one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn J. Geffers
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Florens R. Kurth
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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29
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Bürger M, Ehrhardt N, Barber T, Ball LT, Namyslo JC, Jones PG, Werz DB. Phosphine-Catalyzed Aryne Oligomerization: Direct Access to α,ω-Bisfunctionalized Oligo( ortho-arylenes). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16796-16803. [PMID: 34585921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A phosphine-catalyzed oligomerization of arynes using selenocyanates was developed. The use of JohnPhos as a bulky phosphine is the key to accessing α,ω-bisfunctionalized oligo(ortho-arylenes) with RSe as the substituent at one terminus and CN as the substituent at the other. The in situ formation of R3PSeR' cations, serving as sterically encumbered electrophiles, hinders the immediate reaction that affords the 1,2-bisfunctionalization product and instead opens a competitive pathway leading to oligomerization. Various optimized conditions for the predominant formation of dimers, but also for higher oligomers such as trimers and tetramers, were developed. Depending on the electronic properties of the electrophilic reaction partner, even compounds up to octamers were isolated. Optimization experiments revealed that a properly tuned phosphine as catalyst is of crucial importance. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the cascade starts with the attack of cyanide; aryne insertion into n-mers leading to (n+1)-mers was ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Barber
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Liam T Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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30
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Oliver GA, Loch MN, Augustin AU, Steinbach P, Sharique M, Tambar UK, Jones PG, Bannwarth C, Werz DB. Cycloadditions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and -butanes using S=N-Containing Reagents: Access to Cyclic Sulfinamides, Sulfonamides, and Sulfinamidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25825-25831. [PMID: 34499800 PMCID: PMC9298015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present (3+2)‐ and (4+2)‐cycloadditions of donor–acceptor (D–A) cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes with N‐sulfinylamines and a sulfur diimide, along with a one‐pot, two‐step strategy for the formal insertion of HNSO2 into D–A cyclopropanes. These are rare examples of cycloadditions with D–A cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes whereby the 2π component consists of two different heteroatoms, thus leading to five‐ and six‐membered rings containing adjacent heteroatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian N Loch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - André U Augustin
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pit Steinbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, USA
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, USA
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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31
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Kaspar F, Seeger M, Westarp S, Köllmann C, Lehmann AP, Pausch P, Kemper S, Neubauer P, Bange G, Schallmey A, Werz DB, Kurreck A. Diversification of 4′-Methylated Nucleosides by Nucleoside Phosphorylases. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kaspar
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstraße 76, 13349 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarita Seeger
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sarah Westarp
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstraße 76, 13349 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Köllmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna P. Lehmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick Pausch
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) & Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, C07, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institute for Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) & Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, C07, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anett Schallmey
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke Kurreck
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- BioNukleo GmbH, Ackerstraße 76, 13349 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Sureshan KM, Madhusudhanan MC, Balan H, Werz DB. Azide···Oxygen Interaction: A Crystal Engineering Tool for Conformational Locking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22797-22803. [PMID: 34399025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized and crystallized 36 compounds, each containing an azide group and an oxygen atom separated by three bonds. Crystal structure analysis revealed that each of these molecules adopts a conformation in which the azide and oxygen groups orient syn to each other with a short O ··· N b contact. Geometry-optimized structures [using M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory ] also showed the syn conformation in all 36 of these cases, suggesting that this not merely a crystal packing effect. Quantum topological analysis using Bader's Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory revealed bond paths and bond critical points (BCP) in these structures suggesting its nature and energetics to be similar to weak hydrogen bonding. The NCI-RDG plot clearly revealed the attractive interaction consisting of electrostatic or dispersive components in all the 36 systems. NBO analysis suggested a weak orbital-relaxation (charge-transfer) contribution of energy for a few (sp2) O-donor systems. Natural population analysis (NPA) and molecular electrostatic potential mapping (MESP) of these crystal structures further revealed the existence of favorable azide-oxygen interaction. A CSD search indicated the frequent and consistent occurrence of this interaction and its role dictating the syn conformation of azide and oxygen in molecules where these groups are separated by 2-4 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana M Sureshan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Chemistry, Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, 695551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Mithun C Madhusudhanan
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram, School of Chemistry, Maruthamala, Vithura, 795551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Haripriya Balan
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram, School of Chemistry, Maruthamala, Vithura, 695551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Daniel B Werz
- TU Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institute fur Organic Chemie, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, GERMANY
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33
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Vibhute AM, Tamai H, Logviniuk D, Jones PG, Fridman M, Werz DB. Azide-Functionalized Derivatives of the Virulence-Associated Sugar Pseudaminic Acid: Chiral Pool Synthesis and Labeling of Bacteria. Chemistry 2021; 27:10595-10600. [PMID: 33769621 PMCID: PMC8360151 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudaminic acid (Pse) is a significant prokaryotic monosaccharide found in important Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This unique sugar serves as a component of cell-surface-associated glycans or glycoproteins and is associated with their virulence. We report the synthesis of azidoacetamido-functionalized Pse derivatives as part of a search for Pse-derived metabolic labeling reagents. The synthesis was initiated with d-glucose (Glc), which served as a cost-effective chiral pool starting material. Key synthetic steps involve the conversion of C1 of Glc into the terminal methyl group of Pse, and inverting deoxyaminations at C3 and C5 of Glc followed by backbone elongation with a three-carbon unit using the Barbier reaction. Metabolic labeling experiments revealed that, of the four Pse derivatives, ester-protected C5 azidoacetamido-Pse successfully labeled cells of Pse-expressing Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. No labeling was observed in cells of non-Pse-expressing strains. The ester-protected and C5 azidoacetamido-functionalized Pse is thus a useful reagent for the identification of bacteria expressing this unique virulence-associated nonulosonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hideki Tamai
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dana Logviniuk
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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34
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Kolb S, Ahlburg NL, Werz DB. Friedel-Crafts-Type Reactions with Electrochemically Generated Electrophiles from Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and -Butanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5549-5553. [PMID: 34231368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a general electrochemical method to functionalize donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes and -butanes with arenes utilizing Friedel-Crafts-type reactivity. The catalyst-free strategy relies on the direct anodic oxidation of the strained carbocycles, which leads after C(sp3)-C(sp3) cleavage to radical cations that act as electrophiles for the arylation reaction. Broad reaction scopes in regard to cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, and aromatic reaction partners are presented. Additionally, a plausible electrolysis mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kolb
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nils L Ahlburg
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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35
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Kolb S, Petzold M, Brandt F, Jones PG, Jacob CR, Werz DB. Electrocatalytic Activation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes: An Alternative C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) Cleavage Mode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15928-15934. [PMID: 33890714 PMCID: PMC8362004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first electrochemical activation of D-A cyclopropanes and D-A cyclobutanes leading after C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) cleavage to the formation of highly reactive radical cations. This concept is utilized to formally insert molecular oxygen after direct or DDQ-assisted anodic oxidation of the strained carbocycles, delivering β- and γ-hydroxy ketones and 1,2-dioxanes electrocatalytically. Furthermore, insights into the mechanism of the oxidative process, obtained experimentally and by additional quantum-chemical calculations are presented. The synthetic potential of the reaction products is demonstrated by diverse derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kolb
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Martin Petzold
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Felix Brandt
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGaußstraße 1738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Christoph R. Jacob
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGaußstraße 1738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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36
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Kolb S, Petzold M, Brandt F, Jones PG, Jacob CR, Werz DB. Electrocatalytic Activation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes: An Alternative C(sp
3
)−C(sp
3
) Cleavage Mode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kolb
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Petzold
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Felix Brandt
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Gaußstraße 17 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Christoph R. Jacob
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Gaußstraße 17 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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37
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Mitric R, Lambert C, Werz DB. Ultrafast Resonance Energy Transfer in Ethylene-Bridged BODIPY Heterooligomers: From Frenkel to Förster Coupling Limit. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7414-7425. [PMID: 33956430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of distinct BODIPY heterooligomers (dyads, triads, and tetrads) comprising a variable number of typical green BODIPY monomers and a terminal red-emitting styryl-equipped species acting as an energy sink was prepared and subjected to computational and photophysical investigations in solvent media. An ethylene tether between the single monomeric units provides a unique foldameric system, setting the stage for a systematic study of excitation energy transfer processes (EET) on the basis of nonconjugated oscillators. The influence of stabilizing β-ethyl substituents on conformational space and the disorder of site energies and electronic couplings was addressed. In this way both the strong (Frenkel) and the weak (Förster) coupling limit could be accessed within a single system: the Frenkel limit within the strongly coupled homooligomeric green donor subunit and the Förster limit at the terminal heterosubstituted ethylene bridge. Femtosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy combined with mixed quantum-classical dynamic simulations demonstrate the limitations of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory and provide a consistent framework to elucidate the trend of increasing relaxation lifetimes at higher homologues, revealing one of the fastest excitation energy transfer processes detected to date with a corresponding lifetime of 39 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J Patalag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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38
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Cohen Y, Augustin AU, Levy L, Jones PG, Werz DB, Marek I. Regio- and Diastereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Carbomagnesiation for the Synthesis of Penta- and Hexa-Substituted Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11804-11808. [PMID: 33742749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite the highly strained nature of cyclopropanes possessing three vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters, the regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation reaction of cyclopropenes provides an easy and efficient access to these novel persubstituted cyclopropyl cores with a complete regio- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - André U Augustin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Laura Levy
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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Cohen Y, Augustin AU, Levy L, Jones PG, Werz DB, Marek I. Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Copper‐Catalyzed Carbomagnesiation for the Synthesis of Penta‐ and Hexa‐Substituted Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - André U. Augustin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Laura Levy
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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Patalag LJ, Ahadi S, Lashchuk O, Jones PG, Ebbinghaus S, Werz DB. GlycoBODIPYs: Sugars Serving as a Natural Stock for Water‐soluble Fluorescent Probes of Complex Chiral Morphology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Olesia Lashchuk
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology Rebenring 56 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology Rebenring 56 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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Patalag LJ, Ahadi S, Lashchuk O, Jones PG, Ebbinghaus S, Werz DB. GlycoBODIPYs: Sugars Serving as a Natural Stock for Water-soluble Fluorescent Probes of Complex Chiral Morphology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8766-8771. [PMID: 33492705 PMCID: PMC8048574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A range of unprocessed, reducing sugar substrates (mono-, di-, and trisaccharides) is shown to take part in a straightforward four-step synthetic route to water-soluble, uncharged BODIPY derivatives with unimpaired chiral integrity and high fluorescence efficiency. A wide compatibility with several postfunctionalizations is demonstrated, thus suggesting a universal utility of the multifunctional glycoconjugates, which we call GlycoBODIPYs. Knoevenagel condensations are able to promote a red-shift in the spectra, thereby furnishing strongly fluorescent red and far-red glycoconjugates of high hydrophilicity. The synthetic outcome was studied by X-ray crystallography and by comprehensive photophysical investigations in several solvent systems. Furthermore, cell experiments illustrate efficient cell uptake and demonstrate differential cell targeting as a function of the integrated chiral information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- TU BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- TU BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Olesia Lashchuk
- TU BraunschweigInstitute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems BiologyRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- TU BraunschweigInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- TU BraunschweigInstitute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems BiologyRebenring 5638106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- TU BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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Andreev IA, Ratmanova NK, Augustin AU, Ivanova OA, Levina II, Khrustalev VN, Werz DB, Trushkov IV. Protic Ionic Liquid as Reagent, Catalyst, and Solvent: 1-Methylimidazolium Thiocyanate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7927-7934. [PMID: 33433034 PMCID: PMC8048580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new concept of the triple role of protic ionic liquids with nucleophilic anions: a) a regenerable solvent, b) a Brønsted acid inducing diverse transformations via general acid catalysis, and c) a source of a nucleophile. The efficiency of this strategy was demonstrated using thiocyanate-based protic ionic liquids for the ring-opening of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. A wide variety of activated cyclopropanes were found to react with 1-methylimidazolium thiocyanate under mild metal-free conditions via unusual nitrogen attack of the ambident thiocyanate ion on the electrophilic center of the three-membered ring affording pyrrolidine-2-thiones bearing donor and acceptor substituents at the C(5) and C(3) atoms, respectively, in a single time-efficient step. The ability of 1-methylimidazolium thiocyanate to serve as a triplex reagent was exemplarily illustrated by (4+2)-annulation with 1-acyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropane, epoxide ring-opening and other organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Andreev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and ImmunologySamory Mashela 1117997MoscowRussian Federation
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesLeninsky pr. 47119991MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Nina K. Ratmanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and ImmunologySamory Mashela 1117997MoscowRussian Federation
| | - André U. Augustin
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Olga A. Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesLeninsky pr. 47119991MoscowRussian Federation
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory 1–3119991MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Irina I. Levina
- Institute of Biochemical PhysicsRussian Academy of SciencesKosygina 4119334MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesLeninsky pr. 47119991MoscowRussian Federation
- Faculty of ScienceRUDN UniversityMiklukho-Maklaya 6117198MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and ImmunologySamory Mashela 1117997MoscowRussian Federation
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesLeninsky pr. 47119991MoscowRussian Federation
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Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes have gained increased momentum over the past two decades. The use of these highly strained three-membered entities paved the way to innovative and original transformations yielding complex cyclic and acyclic architectures that otherwise might be difficult to address. Since the fundamentals were laid by Wenkert and Reissig in the late 1970s, the field has flourished impressively including asymmetric transformations as well as elegant synthetic applications in the construction of natural occurring products. In this Account, we aim to highlight especially our efforts in the context of an efficient access to sulfur- and selenium-containing compounds, of either cyclic or open-chain nature, by exploiting D-A cyclopropane chemistry. Light will be shed on the three fundamental transformations: ring-opening reactions, cycloadditions, and rearrangements.Our synthetic endeavors started back in 2011 guided by quantum chemical studies to obtain 3,3'-linked bisthiophenes along with an unprecedented rearrangement delivering sulfur- and selenium-containing cagelike scaffolds. Inspired by these surprising results, we further deepened our efforts to the construction of new sulfur-carbon and selenium-carbon bonds within the context of D-A cyclopropane chemistry. In the first instance, we capitalized on the great versatility of organosulfur and organoselenium compounds regarding their amphiphilic character to act either as nucleophilic or as electrophilic species. By such an approach, ring-openings via a nucleophilic attack of sulfenyl and selenyl halides furnished 1,3-bishalochalcogenated products. A similar protocol led us to a desymmetrization reaction of meso-cyclopropyl carbaldehydes employing novel chiral imidazolidinone organocatalysts. In contrast, electrophilic sulfur was supplied by N-(arylthio)succinimide substrates to access thiolated γ-amino acid derivatives and their selenium equivalents.Combining the highly reactive thiocarbonyl compounds and vicinal donor-acceptor substituted cyclopropanes opened new vistas in the field of atom-economic cycloaddition reactions to build up sulfur-containing heterocycles of various sizes. The first systematic study of such transformations was made by our group in 2017 leading to highly decorated thiolanes, whereas an intramolecular approach furnished thia-[n.2.1]bicyclic ring systems. Our investigations were then successfully extended to the synthesis of tetrahydroselenophenes by using capricious selenoketones. Recently, we were able to yield the unsaturated analogues, selenophenes, by a (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of D-A cyclopropanes with ammonium selenocyanates followed by oxidation. The formal insertion of thioketenes was realized by employing 3-thioxocyclobutanones as surrogates for disubstituted thioketenes to obtain 2-substituted tetrahydrothiophenes bearing a semicyclic double bond via a (3 + 2) spiroannulation/(2 + 2) cycloreversion sequence. Even the formation of seven-membered S-heterocycles was realized by (4 + 3)-cycloaddition processes. In 2016, we demonstrated the synthesis of benzo-fused dithiepines from in situ generated ortho-bisthioquinones, whereas the utilization of thia-Michael systems as a hetero-4π-component delivered tetrahydrothiepine derivatives containing just one sulfur atom embedded in the ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- André U. Augustin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Andreev IA, Ratmanova NK, Augustin AU, Ivanova OA, Levina II, Khrustalev VN, Werz DB, Trushkov IV. Protic Ionic Liquid as Reagent, Catalyst, and Solvent: 1‐Methylimidazolium Thiocyanate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Andreev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Samory Mashela 1 117997 Moscow Russian Federation
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Nina K. Ratmanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Samory Mashela 1 117997 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - André U. Augustin
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Olga A. Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1–3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Irina I. Levina
- Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Kosygina 4 119334 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Faculty of Science RUDN University Miklukho-Maklaya 6 117198 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Samory Mashela 1 117997 Moscow Russian Federation
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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Ahlburg NL, Freese T, Kolb S, Mummel S, Schmidt A, Werz DB. Functionalization of Sydnones with Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes, Cyclobutanes, and Michael Acceptors. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Ahlburg
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Tyll Freese
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Simon Kolb
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sebastian Mummel
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstraße 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstraße 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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Bursch M, Kunze L, Vibhute AM, Hansen A, Sureshan KM, Jones PG, Grimme S, Werz DB. Quantification of Noncovalent Interactions in Azide-Pnictogen, -Chalcogen, and -Halogen Contacts. Chemistry 2021; 27:4627-4639. [PMID: 33078853 PMCID: PMC7986704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The noncovalent interactions between azides and oxygen‐containing moieties are investigated through a computational study based on experimental findings. The targeted synthesis of organic compounds with close intramolecular azide–oxygen contacts yielded six new representatives, for which X‐ray structures were determined. Two of those compounds were investigated with respect to their potential conformations in the gas phase and a possible significantly shorter azide–oxygen contact. Furthermore, a set of 44 high‐quality, gas‐phase computational model systems with intermolecular azide–pnictogen (N, P, As, Sb), –chalcogen (O, S, Se, Te), and –halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) contacts are compiled and investigated through semiempirical quantum mechanical methods, density functional approximations, and wave function theory. A local energy decomposition (LED) analysis is applied to study the nature of the noncovalent interaction. The special role of electrostatic and London dispersion interactions is discussed in detail. London dispersion is identified as a dominant factor of the azide–donor interaction with mean London dispersion energy‐interaction energy ratios of 1.3. Electrostatic contributions enhance the azide–donor coordination motif. The association energies range from −1.00 to −5.5 kcal mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Kunze
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amol M Vibhute
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Werz DB, Jacob A, Barkawitz P, Andreev IA, Ratmanova NK, Trushkov IV. (3+2)-Cycloaddition of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Thiocyanate: A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiophenes. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1385-2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn easy and efficient route to obtain 2-amino-4,5-dihydrothiophenes is presented. A formal (3+2)-cycloaddition of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes and ammonium thiocyanate catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3 delivers the desired products in good to excellent yields. A broad range of functional groups is tolerated during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry
| | - Anu Jacob
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry
| | - Philip Barkawitz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry
| | - Ivan A. Andreev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Nina K. Ratmanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyll Freese
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas J. Patalag
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Luca Merz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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50
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Patra A, Patalag LJ, Jones PG, Werz DB. Ausgedehnte, benzanellierte Oligo‐BODIPYs: In nur drei Schritten zu einer Serie planarer, bogenförmiger Nahinfrarot‐Farbstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Patra
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Organische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Lukas J. Patalag
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Organische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Organische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
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