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Micalizzi G, Cucinotta L, Chiaia V, Alibrando F, Cannizzaro F, Branca G, Maida P, Oliveri P, Mondello L, Sciarrone D. Profiling of seized Cannabis sativa L. flowering tops by means of microwave-assisted hydro distillation and gas chromatography analyses. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464994. [PMID: 38759461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to support police forces in their battle against illicit drug trafficking by means of a multi-technique approach, based on gas chromatography. In detail, this study was focused on the profiling of volatile substances in narcotic Cannabis sativa L. flowering tops. For this purpose, the Scientific Investigation Department, RIS Carabinieri of Messina, provided 25 seized samples of Cannabis sativa L. The content of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), useful to classify cannabis plant as hemp (≤ 0.2 %) or as marijuana (> 0.2 %), was investigated. Essential oils of illicit drug samples were extracted using a microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) system; GC-MS and GC-FID analytical techniques were used for the characterization of the terpenes and terpenoids fingerprint. Furthermore, the enantiomeric and carbon isotopic ratios of selected chiral compounds were investigated using a heart-cutting multidimensional GC (MDGC) approach. The latter exploited a combination of an apolar column in the first dimension, and a chiral cyclodextrin-based column in the second one, prior to parallel isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (C-IRMS) and MS detection. Finally, all the data were gathered into a statistical model, to demonstrate the existence of useful parameters to be used for the classification of seized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Valentina Chiaia
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Filippo Alibrando
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesca Cannizzaro
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Gabriele Branca
- Scientific Investigation Department, Carabinieri RIS, Via Monsignor D'Arrigo 7, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Pietro Maida
- Scientific Investigation Department, Carabinieri RIS, Via Monsignor D'Arrigo 7, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Paolo Oliveri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, Genova I-16148, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
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Cucinotta L, De Grazia G, Donato P, Mondello M, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Chiral isotopic fractionation in lemon essential oil: A tool for authenticity assessment? J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464409. [PMID: 37757528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The present research aimed to retrieve key information about the genuineness of Sicilian lemon essential oils by evaluating simultaneously the chiral and isotopic data of target terpene components. With respect to previous literature references, where chiral recognition and isotope discrimination were performed by distinct gas chromatographic methods, this study aimed to develop a single analytical approach. To overcome limitations associated to monodimensional gas chromatographic approaches, an enantio‑selective multidimensional gas chromatographic approach coupled to isotopic ratio mass spectrometry and to parallel single quadrupole detection (Es-MDGC-C-IRMS/qMS) was developed. Thanks to the features of this system, enantiomeric excesses and target δ13C of the chiral and achiral components were evaluated in a single gas chromatographic run, allowing to reduce total time analysis, as well the consumption of electricity, solvents and samples. Moreover, due to the capability to baseline separate the enantiomeric couples, further considerations were done about the specific δ13C value of the target separated enantiomers. Dealing with the genuine lemon oils analysed, a different δ13C value was found between the enantiomers of the same chiral component, namely (-) and (+) of α and β-pinene, suggesting a different isotopic fractionation related to a specific biosynthetic pathway. This research aimed to evaluate the reasons behind this behaviour, paving the way to newer considerations in the field of authenticity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Gemma De Grazia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Monica Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
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De Grazia G, Cucinotta L, Sciarrone D, Donato P, Trovato E, Riad N, Hattab ME, Mondello L, Rotondo A. Preparative three-dimensional GC and nuclear magnetic resonance for the isolation and identification of two sesquiterpene ethers from Dictyota Dichotoma. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300261. [PMID: 37386802 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Separation science plays a crucial role in the isolation of novel compounds contained in complex matrices. Yet their rationale employment needs preliminary structure elucidation, which usually requires sufficient aliquots of grade substances to characterize the molecule by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. In this study, two peculiar oxa-tricycloundecane ethers were isolated by means of preparative multidimensional gas chromatography from the brown alga species Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lam., aiming to assign their 3D structures. Density functional theory simulations were carried out to select the correct configurational species matching the experimental NMR data (in terms of enantiomeric couples). In this case, the theoretical approach was crucial as the protonic signal overlap and spectral overcrowding were preventing any other unambiguous structural information. Just after the identification through the density functional theory data matching of the correct relative configuration it was possible to verify an enhanced self-consistency with the experimental data, confirming the stereochemistry. The results obtained further pave the way toward structure elucidation of highly asymmetric molecules, whose configuration cannot be inferred by other means or strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma De Grazia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nacera Riad
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mohamed El Hattab
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Chromaleont S.R.L., University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cucinotta L, De Grazia G, Micalizzi G, Bontempo L, Camin F, Mondello L, Sciarrone D. Simultaneous evaluation of the enantiomeric and carbon isotopic ratios of Cannabis sativa L. essential oils by multidimensional gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5643-5656. [PMID: 35389094 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent times have witnessed an upsurge of interest in hemp and hemp-derived products, as driven by the scientific findings specific to the pharmacological properties of Cannabis sativa L. and its constituents. There has been evidence that the terpene profile, along with the cannabinoid content, produces in humans the effects associated with different strains, beyond fragrance perception. A great deal of effort has been put into developing analytical approaches to strengthen the scientific knowledge on cannabis essential oil composition and provide effective tools for ascertaining the authenticity of commercial cannabis samples. For this concern, enantio-selective-GC-C-IRMS has proven to be effective for assessing the ranges characteristic of the genuine samples and detecting any fraudulent additions. This research aimed at providing for the first time the enantiomeric and isotopic ratios of target terpenes in cannabis essential oils, obtained from microwave-assisted hydro-distillation from the fresh and dried inflorescences of different cannabis varieties. Implementing multidimensional gas chromatography separation was mandatory prior to detection, in order to obtain accurate δ13C values and enantiomeric data from completely separated peaks. For this purpose, a heart-cut method was developed, based on the coupling of an apolar first dimension column to a secondary chiral cyclodextrin-based stationary phase. Afterwards, the data gathered from enantio-selective-MDGC-C-IRMS/qMS analysis of a set of genuine samples were used to evaluate the quality of nineteen commercial cannabis essential oils purchased from local stores. Remarkably, the data in some cases evidenced enantiomeric ratios and δ13C values outside the typical ranges of genuine oils. Such findings suggest the usefulness of the method developed to ascertain the genuineness and quality of cannabis essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'Adige, via Mach 1, 38098, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Gemma De Grazia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'Adige, via Mach 1, 38098, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Federica Camin
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'Adige, via Mach 1, 38098, Trento, TN, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele All'Adige, Via Mach 1, 38010, Trento, TN, Italy
- Vienna International Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.
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Cucinotta L, De Grazia G, Salerno TMG, Donnarumma D, Donato P, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Overcoming the lack of reliability associated to monodimensional gas chromatography coupled to isotopic ratio mass spectrometry data by heart-cut two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462473. [PMID: 34464784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of IRMS as a GC detector has a history going back decades, however the critical issue of wrong δ13C measurements resulting from impure peaks has been often underestimated. To this regard, multidimensional separation techniques are effective tools to improve the reliability of the data, with respect to those obtained after monodimensional analysis. The present research aims to draw attention to one critical issue, related to the reliability of the δ13C data obtained by means of monodimensional GC-C-IRMS. Although already known from the literature, such aspect has been greatly overlooked, as is reflected in the few papers reporting the use of MDGC, among the plethora of published research dealing with GC-C-IRMS applications. Hereby, a set of natural samples of complex composition were analysed to investigate the presence of minor or even undetected coelutions, and to which extent it affected the isotope ratio determination. Apart from chromatographic effects, and issues related to analytes conversion to CO2 prior to IRMS measurement, unpredictable co-elutions with compounds, either resulting from oxidation or intentionally added in fraudulent practices, could also contribute to a shift of the δ13C data, up to 10‰ and higher. Last, the influence of column bleed was investigated, as affecting the determination of the δ13C data for compounds that were eluted at high temperatures. It was finally demonstrated by the selected key studies that implementation of MDGC separation is mandatory to prevent the aforementioned issues, aiming to guarantee accurate results. In the light of the above conclusions, and considering the level of automation of heart-cut devices nowadays available, routine practice of MDGC results highly recommendable in any IRMS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Gemma De Grazia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Tania Maria Grazia Salerno
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental, Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Donnarumma
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental, Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Vita F, Giuntoli B, Bertolini E, Taiti C, Marone E, D'Ambrosio C, Trovato E, Sciarrone D, Zoccali M, Balestrini R, Scaloni A, Mondello L, Mancuso S, Alessio M, Alpi A. Tuberomics: a molecular profiling for the adaption of edible fungi (Tuber magnatum Pico) to different natural environments. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:90. [PMID: 31996138 PMCID: PMC6988325 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Truffles are symbiotic fungi that develop underground in association with plant roots, forming ectomycorrhizae. They are primarily known for the organoleptic qualities of their hypogeous fruiting bodies. Primarily, Tuber magnatum Pico is a greatly appreciated truffle species mainly distributed in Italy and Balkans. Its price and features are mostly depending on its geographical origin. However, the genetic variation within T. magnatum has been only partially investigated as well as its adaptation to several environments. RESULTS Here, we applied an integrated omic strategy to T. magnatum fruiting bodies collected during several seasons from three different areas located in the North, Center and South of Italy, with the aim to distinguish them according to molecular and biochemical traits and to verify the impact of several environments on these properties. With the proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by mass spectrometry, we were able to identify proteins specifically linked to the sample origin. We further associated the proteomic results to an RNA-seq profiling, which confirmed the possibility to differentiate samples according to their source and provided a basis for the detailed analysis of genes involved in sulfur metabolism. Finally, geographical specificities were associated with the set of volatile compounds produced by the fruiting bodies, as quantitatively and qualitatively determined through proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In particular, a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model built from the latter data was able to return high confidence predictions of sample source. CONCLUSIONS Results provide a characterization of white fruiting bodies by a wide range of different molecules, suggesting the role for specific compounds in the responses and adaptation to distinct environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vita
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), University of Florence, Viale delle idee 30, 50019, Florence, Italy. .,A.R.E.A. Foundation, via Tavoleria 28, 56125, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertolini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.,Present address: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Cosimo Taiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), University of Florence, Viale delle idee 30, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Elettra Marone
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Chiara D'Ambrosio
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, I.S.P.A.A.M., National Research Council, 80147, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Chromaleont Srl, c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, I.S.P.A.A.M., National Research Council, 80147, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont Srl, c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), University of Florence, Viale delle idee 30, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedeo Alpi
- A.R.E.A. Foundation, via Tavoleria 28, 56125, Pisa, Italy
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Sciarrone D, Schepis A, De Grazia G, Rotondo A, Alibrando F, Cipriano RR, Bizzo H, Deschamps C, Sidisky LM, Mondello L. Collection and identification of an unknown component from Eugenia uniflora essential oil exploiting a multidimensional preparative three-GC system employing apolar, mid-polar and ionic liquid stationary phases. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:101-114. [PMID: 31120047 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present research deals with the collection and structural elucidation of an unknown component, accounting for about 35% of the essential oil obtained upon distillation of the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., harvested during summer (January, 2017) in Paraná State (Southern Brazil). A multidimensional gas chromatographic preparative system, based on the coupling of three GC systems equipped with apolar, PEG and ionic liquid-based stationary phases, was successfully applied for the isolation of the chromatographic band relative to the unknown molecule. The use of wide-bore columns allowed for an increased sample capacity compared to conventional micro-bore columns, thus the injection of a neat sample was feasible, greatly reducing the total collection time. A higher chromatographic efficiency was afforded by the use of a multidimensional approach in the heart-cut mode, exploiting the different selectivity of three stationary phases, which ensured the attainment of a highly pure fraction. In only five runs, more than 3 milligrams were collected, with an average purity greater then 95%. Finally, the unknown component was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and condensed phase Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, leading to the identification of 6-ethenyl-6-methyl-3,5-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one. The presented approach has been demonstrated to be effective for the isolation and structural elucidation of unknown molecules in complex samples, which will allow for further in-depth studies, like biological evaluation or pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Afonso C, Barrow MP, Bell NGA, Davies A, Duca D, Focsa C, Gauchotte-Lindsay C, Giusti P, Godfrey R, Goodacre R, Hawkes JA, Hertkorn N, Jansen JJ, Jones D, Kew W, Le Guennec A, Lubben A, Paša-Tolić L, Rodgers RP, Rüger CP, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Schoenmakers PJ, Sciarrone D, Summerfield S, Uhrín D, van Zelst FHM. Dealing with complexity: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:138-156. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd90055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wong YF, Yan D, Shellie RA, Sciarrone D, Marriott PJ. Rapid Plant Volatiles Screening Using Headspace SPME and Person-Portable Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sciarrone D, Schepis A, Zoccali M, Donato P, Vita F, Creti D, Alpi A, Mondello L. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry/Quadrupole MS with a Low-Bleed Ionic Liquid Secondary Column for the Authentication of Truffles and Products Containing Truffle. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6610-6617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Schepis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donato Creti
- Enrico Giotti S.p.A., a Subsidiary of McCormick & Company, Inc., Via Pisana 592, 50018, Scandicci, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Alpi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, Laboratorio di Fisiologia Vegetale, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.l., Via Leonardo Sciascia CoopFede, Pal. B, 98168, Messina, Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Donato P, Micalizzi G, Oteri M, Rigano F, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comprehensive lipid profiling in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) using hyphenated and multidimensional chromatography techniques coupled to mass spectrometry detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3297-3313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Sciarrone D, Giuffrida D, Rotondo A, Micalizzi G, Zoccali M, Pantò S, Donato P, Rodrigues-das-Dores RG, Mondello L. Quali-quantitative characterization of the volatile constituents in Cordia verbenacea D.C. essential oil exploiting advanced chromatographic approaches and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:246-253. [PMID: 29030035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cordia verbenacea D.C. (Boraginaceae, Varronia curassavica Jacq. synonym) is a medicinal plant, native from Brazil, especially the leaves are used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to extend the characterization of the volatile fraction of the essential oil obtained from this plant, by using GC-FID, GC-MS, and chiral GC. Moreover, to further clarify the composition of the volatile fraction, preparative multidimensional-GC (prep-MDGC) was used to collect unknown compounds, followed by NMR characterization. Specifically, the chemical characterization, both qualitative and quantitative, of the volatile fraction of the essential oil obtained from Cordia verbenacea cultivated in the Minas Gerais area (central area of Brazil) was investigated for the first time. The principal components from a quantitative point of view were α-pinene (25.32%; 24.48g/100g) and α-santalene (17.90%; 17.30g/100g), belonging to the terpenes family. Chiral-GC data are reported for the enantiomeric distribution of 7 different components. Last, to obtain the complete characterization of the essential oil constituents, prep-MDGC analysis was used to attain the isolation of two compounds, not present in the principal MS databases, which were unambiguously identified by NMR investigation as (E)-α-santalal and (E)-α-bergamotenal, reported for the first time in Cordia verbenacea essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, c/o PanLab, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, c/o PanLab, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, c/o PanLab, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosana Goncalves Rodrigues-das-Dores
- Laboratorio de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapicos, Centro de Saude, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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13
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Cacciola F, Donato P, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography and Other Liquid-Based Comprehensive Techniques Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 89:414-429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche
e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche
e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit
of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Chromaleont
s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche
ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit
of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Chromaleont
s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche
ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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14
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Donato P, Mondello L. Improving the productivity of a multidimensional chromatographic preparative system by collecting pure chemicals after each of three chromatographic dimensions. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1475:80-85. [PMID: 27863713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced sample collection capability of a heart-cutting three-dimensional GC-prep system is reported. In its original configuration, a highly pure component can be usually collected after the last (3D) column outlet by means of a dedicated preparative station. The latter is located after the last chromatographic column, and this poses the requirement for multiple heart cuts even for those components showing satisfactory degree of purity after the first (or second) separation dimension. The feasibility to collect pure components after each chromatographic dimension is here described, employing a three-dimension MDGC system equipped with high-temperature valves, located inside the first and second GC ovens, with the aim to improve the productivity of the collection procedure. In addition to a commercial preparative collector located at the 3D outlet, two laboratory-made collection systems were applied in the first and second dimension, reached by the effluent to be collected trough a high-temperature valve switching the heart-cut fraction between either the detector (FID), or the collector. Highly pure sesquiterpene components were collected, namely: patchouli alcohol after the first column [poly(5% diphenyl/95% dimethylsiloxane)], α-bulnesene after a second column coated with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, and α-guaiene after an ionic-liquid based column (SLB-IL60), used as the third dimension. Purity levels ranging from 85 to 95% were achieved with an average collection recovery of 90% (n=5). The following average amounts were collected per run: 160μg for α-guaiene, 295μg for α-bulnesene, and 496μg for patchouli alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali", University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Donato P, Inferrera V, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Supercritical fluid chromatography for lipid analysis in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:361-382. [PMID: 27696781 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The task of lipid analysis has always challenged separation scientists, and new techniques in chromatography were often developed for the separation of lipids; however, no single technique or methodology is yet capable of affording a comprehensive screening of all lipid species and classes. This review acquaints the role of supercritical fluid chromatography within the field of lipid analysis, from the early developed capillary separations based on pure CO2 , to the most recent techniques employing packed columns under subcritical conditions, including the niche multidimensional techniques using supercritical fluids in at least one of the separation dimensions. A short history of supercritical fluid chromatography will be introduced first, from its early popularity in the late 1980s, to the sudden fall and oblivion until the last decade, experiencing a regain of interest within the chromatographic community. Afterwards, the subject of lipid nomenclature and classification will be briefly dealt with, before discussing the main applications of supercritical fluid chromatography for food analysis, according to the specific class of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Veronica Inferrera
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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16
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Russo M, Rigano F, Arigò A, Sciarrone D, Calabrò ML, Farnetti S, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid isolation, reliable characterization, and water solubility improvement of polymethoxyflavones from cold-pressed mandarin essential oil. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2018-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Russo
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l, c/o; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Adriana Arigò
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Sara Farnetti
- Division of Cellular Transplantation of surgery, Diabetes Research Institute; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
| | - Paola Dugo
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l, c/o; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l, c/o; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
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17
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Giarratana F, Muscolino D, Ragonese C, Beninati C, Sciarrone D, Ziino G, Mondello L, Giuffrida A, Panebianco A. Antimicrobial activity of combined thyme and rosemary essential oils againstListeria monocytogensin Italian mortadella packaged in modified atmosphere. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1165744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Rigano F, Albergamo A, Sciarrone D, Beccaria M, Purcaro G, Mondello L. Nano Liquid Chromatography Directly Coupled to Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Free Fatty Acid Elucidation in Mussel. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4021-8. [PMID: 26937891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently the miniaturization of liquid chromatography (LC) systems and progresses in mass spectrometry instrumentation have enabled direct introduction of the effluent coming from a nanoLC column into the high-vacuum region of an electron ionization source. In the present research, a nanoLC system was directly coupled to an electron ionization mass spectrometer (EI-MS) without any interface or modification of the ion source. The advantage with respect to atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, normally coupled with LC, is major identification power because of a more extensive and reproducible fragmentation pattern, without any matrix effect or mobile-phase interference. In particular, a nanoLC/EI-MS method was developed for elucidation of the free fatty acid profile in mussel samples, avoiding a previous derivatization step, required when gas chromatographic analysis is involved. A total of 20 fatty acids were reliably identified through the comparison with commercial libraries. A quantitative determination was also carried out by using the response factors approach along with the internal standard method, allowing for quantification of 14 fatty acids. Among them, palmitic acid resulted the most abundant, followed by ω6 arachidonic acid. The quantitative data were compared with those obtained by a well-established technique, such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Both nanoLC/EI-MS and GC-FID methods were validated and similar results were obtained in terms of limit of detection and quantification, resulting in the picomole range, and sensitivity as well was not significantly different, as demonstrated by comparing the slope values of the calibration curves (p < 0.05, from a t-test).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rigano
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, University of Messina , , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, University of Messina , , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, University of Messina , , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, University of Messina , , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, University of Messina , , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, University of Messina , , Polo Annunziata, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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19
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Grasso E, Dugo P, Mondello L. Enhanced resolution of Mentha piperita
volatile fraction using a novel medium-polarity ionic liquid gas chromatography stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:537-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ragonese
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Elisa Grasso
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; viale Annunziata; 98168 - Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; viale Annunziata; 98168 - Messina Italy
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20
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Zoccali M, Barp L, Beccaria M, Sciarrone D, Purcaro G, Mondello L. Improvement of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons determination in edible oil by liquid-liquid-gas chromatography with dual detection. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:623-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariosimone Zoccali
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Laura Barp
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Roma Italy
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21
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Ragonese C, Dugo P, Mondello L. Evolution and status of preparative gas chromatography as a green sample-preparation technique. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Barp L, Purcaro G, Franchina FA, Zoccali M, Sciarrone D, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L. Determination of phthalate esters in vegetable oils using direct immersion solid-phase microextraction and fast gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 887:237-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Franchina FA, Maimone M, Sciarrone D, Purcaro G, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L. Evaluation of a novel helium ionization detector within the context of (low-)flow modulation comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1402:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Tomasini D, Cacciola F, Rigano F, Sciarrone D, Donato P, Beccaria M, Caramão EB, Dugo P, Mondello L. Complementary Analytical Liquid Chromatography Methods for the Characterization of Aqueous Phase from Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomasses. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11255-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5038957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Tomasini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Institute of Chemistry-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento
Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-960 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente,
della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.l., A Start-Up of the
University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.l., A Start-Up of the
University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato
di Ricerca, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Elina B. Caramão
- Institute of Chemistry-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento
Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-960 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.l., A Start-Up of the
University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato
di Ricerca, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.r.l., A Start-Up of the
University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti
per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato
di Ricerca, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid isolation of high solute amounts using an online four-dimensional preparative system: normal phase-liquid chromatography coupled to methyl siloxane-ionic liquid-wax phase gas chromatography. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4295-301. [PMID: 24725161 DOI: 10.1021/ac404078u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the recent evolution of a multidimensional GC-GC-GC preparative system, now combined with an online LC preseparation step, operated under normal phase conditions. It is herein shown that the four-dimensional instrument can collect sample components with a concentration lower than 10%, in a short time period, while maintaining a high level of analyte purity. The LC dimension allows (I) the injection of higher sample amounts, compared to "direct" GC injection; (II) a polarity-based preseparation, leading to the GC injection of simplified subsamples, and thus reducing the possibility of coelutions; (III) to eliminate the essential-oil "matrix", replacing it with the LC mobile phase (the GC system is more protected from potential contamination); (IV) the LC mobile phase is of much lower viscosity with respect to a pure, or highly concentrated essential oil, avoiding difficulties in the syringe sample withdrawal process, prior to GC injection. System optimization was performed by using standard solutions; in addition, a very complex sample, namely, vetiver essential oil, was subjected to the preparative process, with the scope of isolating two low-amount constituents (namely, α-amorphene and β-vetivone). The latter two sesquiterpenoids, which accounted for 1.7 and 4.0% of the sample (considering the volatiles), respectively, were successfully collected at the milligram level, in a one-day work period, with a purity degree in excess of 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Tranchida PQ, Zoccali M, Schipilliti L, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Solid-phase microextraction with fast GC combined with a high-speed triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for targeted and untargeted food analysis. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2145-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luisa Schipilliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Messina Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.); Università Campus-Biomedico; Roma Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Messina Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.); Università Campus-Biomedico; Roma Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Messina Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.); Università Campus-Biomedico; Roma Italy
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Rotondo A, Tedone L, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid collection and identification of a novel component from Clausena lansium Skeels leaves by means of three-dimensional preparative gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance/infrared/mass spectrometric analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 785:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mondello L, Zoccali M, Purcaro G, Franchina FA, Sciarrone D, Moret S, Conte L, Tranchida PQ. Determination of saturated-hydrocarbon contamination in baby foods by using on-line liquid–gas chromatography and off-line liquid chromatography-comprehensive gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:221-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Use of ionic liquids as stationary phases in hyphenated gas chromatography techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:130-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Ragonese C, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Increasing the Isolated Quantities and Purities of Volatile Compounds by Using a Triple Deans-Switch Multidimensional Preparative Gas Chromatographic System with an Apolar-Wax-Ionic Liquid Stationary-Phase Combination. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7092-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3013829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont srl A spin-off of
the University of Messina, c/o University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Ragonese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
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Dugo G, Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Russo M, Cotroneo A, Dugo P, Mondello L, Raymo V. Characterization of cold-pressed and processed bergamot oils by using GC-FID, GC-MS, GC-C-IRMS, enantio-GC, MDGC, HPLC and HPLC-MS-IT-TOF. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.659526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tranchida PQ, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography: A review of recent evolution, applications, and future prospects. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 716:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Dugo G, Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Costa R, Dugo P, Mondello L, Santi L, Fakhry HA. Characterization of Oils from the Fruits, Leaves and Flowers of the Bitter Orange Tree. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dugo
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- a Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico , Università di Messina , V.le Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- b Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1226:87-95. [PMID: 22088669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the genuineness assessment of Lime oils (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka), by Multi Dimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) to determine the enantiomeric distribution of α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to determine the isotopic ratios of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, germacrene B. To the author's knowledge this is the first attempt to assess the authenticity and differentiate Persian Lime from Key lime oils by GC-C-IRMS. The results of the two analytical approaches were compared. The simultaneous use of the two techniques provides more reliable capability to detect adulteration in Citrus essential oils. In fact, in some circumstance only one of the two techniques allows to discriminate adulterated or contaminated oils. In cases where only small anomalies are detected by the two techniques due to subtle adulterations, their synergic use allows to express judgments. The advantage of both techniques is the low number of components the analyst must evaluate, reducing the complexity of the data necessary to deal with. Moreover, the conventional analytical approach based on the evaluation of the whole volatile fraction can fail to reveal the quality of the oils, if the adulteration is extremely subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168-Messina, Italy.
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Cotroneo A, Mondello L, Dugo P, Dugo G. Enantiomeric distribution of key volatile components in Citrus essential oils. Rev bras farmacogn 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2011005000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Evaluation of a Medium-Polarity Ionic Liquid Stationary Phase in the Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Compounds. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7947-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202012u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ragonese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
- Università Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
- Università Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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37
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Bonaccorsi I, Dugo P, Mondello L, Sciarrone D, Dugo G, Haro-Guzman L. Analytical Characterization of Industrial Essential Oils from Fruits and Leaves ofC. aurantifoliaTan. andC. latifoliaSwing. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Sciarrone D, Costa R, Ragonese C, Tranchida PQ, Tedone L, Santi L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Erratum to “Application of a multidimensional gas chromatography system with simultaneous mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection to the analysis of sandalwood oil” [Journal of Chromatography A 1218 (2011) 137–142]. J Chromatogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The bitter orange flower oil (or nerolì) is an essential product, largely used in perfumery. Nerolì is obtained by hydrodistillation or steam distillation, from the flowers of bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium L.). Since a long time nerolì production is limited and its cost on the market is considerably high. The annual production in Tunisia and Morocco is ca. 1500 Kg, representing more than 90% of the worldwide production. A small amount of nerolì is also produced in Egypt, Spain and Comorros (not exceeding 150 kg totally). Due to the high cost, the producers and the users have tried to obtain less expensive products, with odor characters close to that of nerolì oil to be used as substitute and sometimes as adulterants of the genuine oil. In this study are investigated five samples of Egyptian nerolì oils produced in 2008 and 2009, in the same industrial plant, declared genuine by the producer. For all the samples the composition was determined by GC/FID and by GC/MS-LRI; the samples were also analyzed by esGC to determine the enantiomeric distribution of twelve volatiles and by GC-C-IRMS for the determination of the δ 13CVPDB values of some mono and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters. The analytical procedures allowed to quantitatively determining 86 components. In particular the variation of the composition seems to be dependent on the period of production. In fact, the amount of linalool decreases from March to April while linalyl acetate presents an opposite trend, increasing in the same period. The RSD determined for the δ 13CVPDB are very small (max. 3.89%), ensuring the authenticity of all samples. The results are also discussed in function of the limits provided by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) (2004), AFNOR (1995) and ISO (2002) regulations for genuine nerolì oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa Schipilliti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Trozzi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-biologico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Trozzi A, Fakhry HA, Dugo G. Composition of Egyptian nerolì oil. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:1009-1014. [PMID: 21834247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The bitter orange flower oil (or neroli) is an essential product, largely used in perfumery. Neroli is obtained by hydrodistillation or steam distillation, from the flowers of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.). Since a long time neroli production is limited and its cost on the market is considerably high. The annual production in Tunisia and Morocco is ca. 1500 Kg, representing more than 90% of the worldwide production. A small amount ofneroli is also produced in Egypt, Spain and Comorros (not exceeding 150 kg totally). Due to the high cost, the producers and the users have tried to obtain less expensive products, with odor characters close to that of neroli oil to be used as substitute and sometimes as adulterants of the genuine oil. In this study are investigated five samples of Egyptian neroli oils produced in 2008 and 2009, in the same industrial plant, declared genuine by the producer. For all the samples the composition was determined by GC/FID and by GC/MS-LRI; the samples were also analyzed by esGC to determine the enantiomeric distribution of twelve volatiles and by GC-C-IRMS for the determination of the delta13C(VPDB) values of some mono and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters. The analytical procedures allowed to quantitatively determining 86 components. In particular the variation of the composition seems to be dependent on the period of production. In fact, the amount of linalool decreases from March to April while linalyl acetate presents an opposite trend, increasing in the same period. The RSD determined for the delta13C(VPDB) are very small (max. 3.89%), ensuring the authenticity of all samples. The results are also discussed in function of the limits provided by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) (2004), AFNOR (1995) and ISO (2002) regulations for genuine neroli oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Sciarrone D, Costa R, Ragonese C, Tranchida PQ, Tedone L, Santi L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Joulain D, Mondello L. Application of a multidimensional gas chromatography system with simultaneous mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection to the analysis of sandalwood oil. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:137-42. [PMID: 21112592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production and trade of Indian sandalwood oil is strictly regulated, due to the impoverishment of the plantations; for such a reason, Australian sandalwood oil has been evaluated as a possible substitute of the Indian type. International directives report, for both the genuine essential oils, specific ranges for the sesquiterpene alcohols (santalols). In the present investigation, a multidimensional gas chromatographic system (MDGC), equipped with simultaneous flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection (FID/MS), has been successfully applied to the analysis of a series of sandalwood oils of different origin. A detailed description of the system utilized is reported. Three santalol isomers, (Z)-α-trans-bergamotol, (E,E)-farnesol, (Z)-nuciferol, epi-α-bisabolol and (Z)-lanceol have been quantified. LoD (MS) and LoQ (FID) values were determined for (E,E)-farnesol, used as representative of the oxygenated sesquiterpenic group, showing levels equal to 0.002% and 0.003%, respectively. A great advantage of the instrumental configuration herein discussed, is represented by the fact that identification and quantitation of target analytes are carried out in one step, without the need to perform two separate analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Dugo P, Ragonese C, Russo M, Sciarrone D, Santi L, Cotroneo A, Mondello L. Sicilian lemon oil: Composition of volatile and oxygen heterocyclic fractions and enantiomeric distribution of volatile components. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3374-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sciarrone D, Tranchida PQ, Ragonese C, Schipilliti L, Mondello L. Multidimensional GC coupled to MS for the simultaneous determination of oxygenate compounds and BTEX in gasoline. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:594-9. [PMID: 20112304 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, carried out in relation to the European and American Directives on the quality of petrol and diesel fuels, the simultaneous determination of the oxygenate compounds and BTEX in gasoline was achieved through the use of a multidimensional GC (MDGC)/MS system, employing a Deans switch-based transfer system, with an innovative configuration; the latter enabled multiple heart-cut transfers with no hint of retention time shift, a phenomenon that can occur in MDGC, providing the possibility to achieve more then 20 different heart-cuts for the compounds of interest. In this study, 20 selected compounds were quantitatively transferred with 12 heart-cuts, from a first to a secondary column, in order to resolve primary column co-elutions. Analyte quantification and identification was achieved through a fast-scanning quadrupole mass analyzer, operated in full scan mode, in order to evaluate also the interfering compounds transferred together with the compounds of interest. The multidimensional method developed was subjected to validation. All attained data were in excellent correlation with results obtained through the UNI-EN 12177:2000, ASTM D 5580-02 and ASTM D 4815-04 MDGC methods, for the determination of benzene, BTEX and oxygenate compounds in gasoline, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Tranchida PQ, Purcaro G, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Accurate quadrupole MS peak reconstruction in optimized gas-flow comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2791-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schipilliti L, Tranchida PQ, Sciarrone D, Russo M, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Genuineness assessment of mandarin essential oils employing gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio MS (GC-C-IRMS). J Sep Sci 2010; 33:617-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Tranchida PQ, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Multidimensional gas chromatography. Adv Chromatogr 2010; 48:289-328. [PMID: 20166558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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47
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Quinto Tranchida P, Costa R, Donato P, Sciarrone D, Ragonese C, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Acquisition of deeper knowledge on the human plasma fatty acid profile exploiting comprehensive 2-D GC. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3347-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Sciarrone D, Quinto Tranchida P, Costa R, Donato P, Ragonese C, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Offline LC-GC×GC in combination with rapid-scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3329-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Quinto Tranchida P, Mondello M, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Evaluation of use of a very short polar microbore column segment in high-speed gas chromatography analysis. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2634-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Lo Presti M, Sciarrone D, Crupi ML, Costa R, Ragusa S, Dugo G, Mondello L. Evaluation of the volatile and chiral composition inPistacia lentiscusL. essential oil. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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