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Kaur G, Berman AN, Biery D, Wu W, Besser SA, Weber B, Carli MFD, Bhatt DL, Blankstein R. SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LIPOPROTEIN(A) AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES: THE MASS GENERAL BRIGHAM LP(A) REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)02079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Hsieh G, Biery D, Berman AN, Besser S, Danik JS, Sun YP, Nasir K, Hung JW, Blaha MJ, Bhatt DL, O'Gara PT, Carli MFD, Blankstein R. ASSOCIATION OF LIPOPROTEIN(A) WITH PROGRESSION AND PROGNOSIS OF CALCIFIC AORTIC STENOSIS: THE MASS GENERAL BRIGHAM LP(A) REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)01847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Divakaran S, Singh A, Biery D, Yang J, DeFilippis EM, Collins BL, Ramsis M, Qamar A, Hainer J, Klein J, Cannon CP, Polk DM, Plutzky J, Nasir K, Januzzi JL, Di Carli MF, Bhatt DL, Blankstein R. Diabetes Is Associated With Worse Long-term Outcomes in Young Adults After Myocardial Infarction: The Partners YOUNG-MI Registry. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:1843-1850. [PMID: 31548242 PMCID: PMC7372040 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the prevalence of diabetes and associated cardiovascular outcomes in a contemporary cohort of young individuals presenting with their first myocardial infarction (MI) at age ≤50 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed records of patients presenting with a first type 1 MI at age ≤50 years from 2000 to 2016. Diabetes was defined as a hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or a documented diagnosis of or treatment for diabetes. Vital status was ascertained for all patients, and cause of death was adjudicated. RESULTS Among 2,097 young patients who had a type 1 MI (mean age 44.0 ± 5.1 years, 19.3% female, 73% white), diabetes was present in 416 (20%), of whom 172 (41%) were receiving insulin. Over a median follow-up of 11.2 years (interquartile range 7.3-14.2 years), diabetes was associated with a higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.30; P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (2.68; P < 0.001). These associations persisted after adjusting for baseline covariates (all-cause mortality: 1.65; P = 0.008; cardiovascular mortality: 2.10; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes was present in 20% of patients who presented with their first MI at age ≤50 years and was associated with worse long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. These findings highlight the need for implementing more aggressive therapies aimed at preventing future adverse cardiovascular events in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Divakaran
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Avinainder Singh
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David Biery
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Junjie Yang
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ersilia M DeFilippis
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bradley L Collins
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mattheus Ramsis
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Arman Qamar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jon Hainer
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Josh Klein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher P Cannon
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Donna M Polk
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA
| | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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DeFilippis EM, Singh A, Gupta A, Ayuba G, Biery D, Divakaran S, Collins BL, Qamar A, Fatima A, Hainer J, Klein J, Nasir K, Di Carli MF, Bhatt DL, Blankstein R. Long-Term Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Young Patients With Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2019; 138:2855-2857. [PMID: 30565984 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia M DeFilippis
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Avinainder Singh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gloria Ayuba
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Biery
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sanjay Divakaran
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bradley L Collins
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Arman Qamar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amber Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.F., J.H.). Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.N.)
| | - Jon Hainer
- Department of Radiology (J.H., J.K., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.F., J.H.). Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.N.)
| | - Josh Klein
- Department of Radiology (J.H., J.K., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Radiology (J.H., J.K., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (E.M.D., A.S., A.G., G.A., D.B., S.D., B.L.C., A.Q., M.F.D.C., D.L.B., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Radiology (J.H., J.K., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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DeFilippis EM, Singh A, Divakaran S, Gupta A, Collins BL, Biery D, Qamar A, Fatima A, Ramsis M, Pipilas D, Rajabi R, Eng M, Hainer J, Klein J, Januzzi JL, Nasir K, Di Carli MF, Bhatt DL, Blankstein R. Cocaine and Marijuana Use Among Young Adults With Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [PMID: 29535062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance abuse is increasingly prevalent among young adults, but data on cardiovascular outcomes remain limited. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of cocaine and marijuana use in adults with their first myocardial infarction (MI) at ≤50 years and to determine its association with long-term outcomes. METHODS The study retrospectively analyzed records of patients presenting with a type 1 MI at ≤50 years at 2 academic hospitals from 2000 to 2016. Substance abuse was determined by review of records for either patient-reported substance abuse during the week before MI or substance detection on toxicology screen. Vital status was identified by the Social Security Administration's Death Master File. Cause of death was adjudicated using electronic health records and death certificates. Cox modeling was performed for survival free from all-cause and cardiovascular death. RESULTS A total of 2,097 patients had type 1 MI (mean age 44.0 ± 5.1 years, 19.3% female, 73% white), with median follow-up of 11.2 years (interquartile range: 7.3 to 14.2 years). Use of cocaine and/or marijuana was present in 224 (10.7%) patients; cocaine in 99 (4.7%) patients, and marijuana in 125 (6.0%). Individuals with substance use had significantly lower rates of diabetes (14.7% vs. 20.4%; p = 0.05) and hyperlipidemia (45.7% vs. 60.8%; p < 0.001), but they were significantly more likely to use tobacco (70.3% vs. 49.1%; p < 0.001). The use of cocaine and/or marijuana was associated with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio: 2.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.27 to 3.70; p = 0.005) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.35 to 2.97; p = 0.001) after adjusting for baseline covariates. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine and/or marijuana use is present in 10% of patients with an MI at age ≤50 years and is associated with worse all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. These findings reinforce current recommendations for substance use screening among young adults with an MI, and they highlight the need for counseling to prevent future adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia M DeFilippis
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avinainder Singh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjay Divakaran
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley L Collins
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Biery
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arman Qamar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amber Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mattheus Ramsis
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Pipilas
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roxanna Rajabi
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica Eng
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Hainer
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josh Klein
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Singh A, Collins BL, Gupta A, Fatima A, Qamar A, Biery D, Baez J, Cawley M, Klein J, Hainer J, Plutzky J, Cannon CP, Nasir K, Di Carli MF, Bhatt DL, Blankstein R. Cardiovascular Risk and Statin Eligibility of Young Adults After an MI: Partners YOUNG-MI Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 71:292-302. [PMID: 29141201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in primary prevention, the rate of MI has not declined in young adults. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate statin eligibility based on the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for treatment of blood cholesterol and 2016 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for statin use in primary prevention in a cohort of adults who experienced a first-time myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age. METHODS The YOUNG-MI registry is a retrospective cohort from 2 large academic centers, which includes patients who experienced an MI at age ≤50 years. Diagnosis of type 1 MI was adjudicated by study physicians. Pooled cohort risk equations were used to estimate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score based on data available prior to MI or at the time of presentation. RESULTS Of 1,685 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 210 (12.5%) were on statin therapy prior to MI and were excluded. Among the remaining 1,475 individuals, the median age was 45 years, there were 294 (20%) women, and 846 (57%) had ST-segment elevation MI. At least 1 cardiovascular risk factor was present in 1,225 (83%) patients. The median 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score of the cohort was 4.8% (interquartile range: 2.8% to 8.0%). Only 724 (49%) and 430 (29%) would have met criteria for statin eligibility per the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and 2016 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, respectively. This finding was even more pronounced in women, in whom 184 (63%) were not eligible for statins by either guideline, compared with 549 (46%) men (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of adults who present with an MI at a young age would not have met current guideline-based treatment thresholds for statin therapy prior to their MI. These findings highlight the need for better risk assessment tools among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinainder Singh
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley L Collins
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amber Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arman Qamar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Biery
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julio Baez
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Cawley
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josh Klein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Hainer
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher P Cannon
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Monti KL, Biery D, Helms RW, Lust G, Olsson SE, Smith GK. Effects of dietary electrolyte balance on subluxation of the femoral head in growing dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54:555-62. [PMID: 8484574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of increased dietary chloride and reduced sodium and potassium ion concentrations on coxofemoral joint conformation, as assessed by radiography, were examined in growing dogs. Dietary electrolyte balance was quantified by dietary anion gap (DAG), defined as Na+ + K+ - Cl- in milli-equivalents per 100 g of food. Diets had anion gap ranging from 8 to 41 mEq/100 g of food. One hundred sixty-seven pups from 27 litters representing 5 breeds were studied during the period of rapid growth. The extent of subluxation of the femoral head was measured on radiographs, using the method of Norberg. On average, less subluxation of the femoral head (P < 0.05) was observed when diets with lower DAG were fed. Differences in DAG balance did not result in different rates of weight gain; therefore, the reduction in coxofemoral joint subluxation attributable to low DAG was unrelated to weight gain. Norberg angles measured at 30 weeks of age were highly correlated with coxofemoral joint status at 2 years of age, as measured by the Swedish diagnostic system and the scoring system of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (lrl > or = 0.70, P < 0.0002, n = 24). This diet-related improvement in coxofemoral joint subluxation would be expected, on average, to delay or mitigate the characteristic clinical and radiographic signs of hip dysplasia in growing dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Kealy
- Department of Pet Nutrition Research, Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, MO 63164
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Abstract
Angioplasty of the distal iliac and proximal femoral arteries in rabbits resulted in focal and diffuse vasospasm similar to that seen in humans. The focal vasospasm occurred in all experiments immediately distal to the site of angioplasty. Occasional diffuse vasospasm was preceded by intravascular thrombosis or extravasation. Heparin reduced the incidence of diffuse vasospasm and reduced the severity of focal vasospasm. Verapamil and Dazoxiben reversed focal vasospasm, but only Verapamil in the presence of heparin prevented vasospasm. Prazocin had no effect on vasospasm.
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Grossman RI, Joseph PM, Wolf G, Biery D, McGrath J, Kundel HL, Fishman JE, Zimmerman RA, Goldberg HI, Bilaniuk LT. Experimental intracranial septic infarction: magnetic resonance enhancement. Radiology 1985; 155:649-53. [PMID: 4001365 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.155.3.4001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial brain abscess was produced in three monkeys by embolization of a small pledget of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) soaked in a broth of Staphylococcus aureus. Imaging of the chronic stable abscess was performed on the General Electric 8800 CT unit (Milwaukee, Wis.) and a 1.4 T superconducting small bore imaging system. Magnetic resonance imaging included saturation recovery, inversion recovery, and spin echo techniques. MR imaging was also performed after paramagnetic enhancement using gadolinium-DPTA (Gd-DTPA). Our results show that paramagnetic enhancement with T1-weighted imaging adds specificity and enables rapid assessment of abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier. T2-weighted imaging without paramagnetic enhancement was very sensitive in defining areas of abnormality in the brain but in our experiment lacked specificity. T2-weighted imaging with Gd-DTPA demonstrated no obvious change in the appearance of the lesion. The combination of T1-weighted Gd-DTPA and T2-weighted imaging appeared complementary in our experiment, and these images correlated well with the pathologic findings.
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Abstract
The ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to detect and distinguish various stages of obstruction in the canine kidney was investigated. MR images were obtained at acute, subacute, and chronic stages of experimentally produced hydronephrosis. The renal cortex was distinguished from the renal medulla in the normal dog and in the acute and subacute stages of hydronephrosis. T1 relaxation times of the renal cortex and medulla were measured in vitro in 14 normal and nine experimental animals. These values were used to compute the amount of tissue contrast between the cortex and medulla and were compared with the degree of corticomedullary differentiation seen in the image. A relationship was noted between increasing T1 values and increasing water content. Corticomedullary contrast decreased with obstruction. The variation in corticomedullary image contrast may be useful for assessing the duration of hydronephrosis.
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Grossman RI, Wolf G, Biery D, McGrath J, Kundel H, Aronchick J, Zimmerman RA, Goldberg HI, Bilaniuk LT. Gadolinium enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance images of experimental brain abscess. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1984; 8:204-7. [PMID: 6707264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-DTPA, a paramagnetic contrast agent that distributes throughout the body in a manner similar to diatrizoate, was intravenously administered to a monkey with a hematogenously induced experimental intracranial abscess. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and gadolinium enhanced saturation-recovery nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were both performed immediately and repeated after a 30 min delay. The NMR images revealed marked ring enhancement at a time when CT showed a nodule. Both imaging modalities were analyzed with respect to the pathological specimen. Gadolinium-DTPA may be an effective agent for imaging alterations of the blood-brain barrier.
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Bovée KC, Pass MA, Wardley R, Biery D, Allen HL. Trigonal-colonic anastomosis: a urinary diversion procedure in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174:184-91. [PMID: 447550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trigonal-colonic anastomosis for diversion of urine into the colon was performed in 12 clinically normal dogs and in 10 incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra. Dogs were studied from 1 to 30 months after surgery. The surgical procedure was technically satisfactory. Fifteen of 22 dogs were studied with intravenous urography, and only 1 case of hydronephrosis was found. Pyelitis was a common histopathologic finding in both groups of dogs. Pyelonephritis developed in 30% of dogs, regardless of duration of anastomosis. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in all dogs studied, but renal failure was infrequent. Values for blood urea nitrogen and serum inorganic phosphorus were elevated due to intestinal recycling of nitrogenous products and phosphate. Electrolyte imbalances were not a problem, but gastrointestinal disturbances developed in 3 of the 10 diseased dogs. Six of 10 diseased dogs survived from 9 months to more than 3 years. Trigonal-colonic anastomosis appears to be a satisfactory salvage procedure for incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra that do not respond to other forms of therapy.
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