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Heikkilä N, Vanhanen R, Yohannes DA, Saavalainen P, Meri S, Jokiranta TS, Jarva H, Mattila IP, Hamm D, Sormunen S, Saramäki J, Arstila TP. Identifying the inheritable component of human thymic T cell repertoire generation in monozygous twins. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:748-751. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Heikkilä
- Research Programs UnitTranslational ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- MedicumDepartment of Bacteriology and ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Reetta Vanhanen
- Research Programs UnitTranslational ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- MedicumDepartment of Bacteriology and ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Dawit A. Yohannes
- Research Programs UnitTranslational ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- MedicumDepartment of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Research Programs UnitTranslational ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- MedicumDepartment of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Research Programs UnitTranslational ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- MedicumDepartment of Bacteriology and ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - T. Sakari Jokiranta
- MedicumDepartment of Bacteriology and ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Hanna Jarva
- MedicumDepartment of Bacteriology and ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka P. Mattila
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac and Transplantation SurgeryHospital for Children and AdolescentsHelsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Seattle Washington
| | | | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer ScienceAalto University Finland
| | - T. Petteri Arstila
- Research Programs UnitTranslational ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- MedicumDepartment of Bacteriology and ImmunologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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Sanchez-Schmitz G, Stevens CR, Bettencourt IA, Flynn PJ, Schmitz-Abe K, Metser G, Hamm D, Jensen KJ, Benn C, Levy O. Microphysiologic Human Tissue Constructs Reproduce Autologous Age-Specific BCG and HBV Primary Immunization in vitro. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2634. [PMID: 30524426 PMCID: PMC6256288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccine development disregards human immune ontogeny, relying on animal models to select vaccine candidates targeting human infants, who are at greatest risk of infection worldwide, and receive the largest number of vaccines. To help accelerate and de-risk development of early-life effective immunization, we engineered a human age-specific microphysiologic vascular-interstitial interphase, suitable for pre-clinical modeling of distinct age-targeted immunity in vitro. Our Tissue Constructs (TCs) enable autonomous extravasation of monocytes that undergo rapid self-directed differentiation into migratory Dendritic Cells (DCs) in response to adjuvants and licensed vaccines such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Hepatitis B virus Vaccine (HBV). TCs contain a confluent human endothelium grown atop a tri-dimensional human extracellular matrix substrate, employ human age-specific monocytes and autologous non heat-treated plasma, and avoid the use of xenogenic materials and exogenous cytokines. Vaccine-pulsed TCs autonomously generated DCs that induced single-antigen recall responses from autologous naïve and memory CD4+ T lymphocytes, matching study participant immune-status, including BCG responses paralleling donor PPD status, BCG-induced adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity paralleling infant cohorts in vivo, and multi-dose HBV antigen-specific responses as demonstrated by lymphoproliferation and TCR sequencing. Overall, our microphysiologic culture method reproduced age- and antigen-specific recall responses to BCG and HBV immunization, closely resembling those observed after a birth immunization of human cohorts in vivo, offering for the first time a new approach to early pre-clinical selection of effective age-targeted vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chad R Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ian A Bettencourt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter J Flynn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gil Metser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristoffer J Jensen
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christine Benn
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Ofer Levy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Wagner CL, Hanumanthu VS, Talbot CC, Abraham RS, Hamm D, Gable DL, Kanakry CG, Applegate CD, Siliciano J, Jackson JB, Desiderio S, Alder JK, Luznik L, Armanios M. Short telomere syndromes cause a primary T cell immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5222-5234. [PMID: 30179220 DOI: 10.1172/jci120216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that drive T cell aging are not understood. We report that children and adult telomerase mutation carriers with short telomere length (TL) develop a T cell immunodeficiency that can manifest in the absence of bone marrow failure and causes life-threatening opportunistic infections. Mutation carriers shared T cell-aging phenotypes seen in adults 5 decades older, including depleted naive T cells, increased apoptosis, and restricted T cell repertoire. T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) were also undetectable or low, suggesting that newborn screening may identify individuals with germline telomere maintenance defects. Telomerase-null mice with short TL showed defects throughout T cell development, including increased apoptosis of stimulated thymocytes, their intrathymic precursors, in addition to depleted hematopoietic reserves. When we examined the transcriptional programs of T cells from telomerase mutation carriers, we found they diverged from older adults with normal TL. Short telomere T cells upregulated DNA damage and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, while older adult T cells upregulated extrinsic apoptosis pathways and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression. T cells from mice with short TL also showed an active DNA-damage response, in contrast with old WT mice, despite their shared propensity to apoptosis. Our data suggest there are TL-dependent and TL-independent mechanisms that differentially contribute to distinct molecular programs of T cell apoptosis with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Desiderio
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology and.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Mary Armanios
- Department of Oncology and.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.,Department of Pathology.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hegewisch-Becker S, Aldaoud A, Wolf T, Krammer-Steiner B, Linde H, Scheiner-Sparna R, Hamm D, Jänicke M, Marschner N. Results from the prospective German TPK clinical cohort study: Treatment algorithms and survival of 1,174 patients with locally advanced, inoperable, or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:981-990. [PMID: 30006989 PMCID: PMC6585733 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy. Developments in recent years have broadened our therapeutic armamentarium. Novel drugs such as nab‐paclitaxel, liposomal irinotecan and chemotherapy regimens such as FOLFIRINOX have been successfully tested in clinical trials. Data on patients outside of clinical trials are scarce but necessary to assess and improve the standard of care. We present data on treatment and survival of 1,174 patients with locally advanced, inoperable, or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Between February 2014 and June 2017, patients were recruited by 104 sites at start of first‐line therapy into the ongoing, prospective clinical cohort study TPK (Tumour Registry Pancreatic Cancer). As first‐line therapy, 89% of patients received one of the three treatment regimens: gemcitabine monotherapy (23%), nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (42%), or FOLFIRINOX (24%). The corresponding subgroups differed: Patients receiving gemcitabine monotherapy were older and more comorbid (median age 78 years, 73% ECOG ≥ 1) than patients receiving nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (median age 71, 64% ECOG ≥ 1) or patients receiving FOLFIRINOX (median age 60, 52% ECOG ≥ 1). At least 40% of patients died before receiving second‐line treatment. First‐line progression‐free survival was 4.6 months (95% CI: 3.7–5.2) for gemcitabine, 5.6 months (95% CI: 5.0–6.2) for nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, and 6.3 months (95% CI: 5.5–6.9) for FOLFIRINOX. Our data represent the treatment reality in a German community setting. Although there are no stringent inclusion criteria for our cohort study, overall survival is comparable to that reported by randomised clinical trials. What's new? More than four‐fifths of patients with pancreatic cancer present with locally advanced, inoperable (LAPC) or metastatic (MPC) disease at diagnosis. Beyond clinical trials, relatively little data is available on survival outcomes for these patients. Here, real‐world data, derived from an unselected cohort of 1,174 patients enrolled between 2014 and 2017 in a prospective study in Germany, show that the vast majority of first‐line therapies given to LAPC/MPC patients consisted of either gemcitabine monotherapy, nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, or FOLFIRINOX. About 40 percent of the patients received second‐line therapy. Overall cohort survival was comparable to that reported for randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Aldaoud
- HELIOS Park-Klinikum, Pankreaszentrum, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolf
- Outpatient Centre for Oncology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Linde
- Ambulatory Healthcare Centre for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - David Hamm
- Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, iOMEDICO, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Jänicke
- Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, iOMEDICO, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Marschner
- Outpatient-Centre for Interdisciplinary Oncology and Haematology, Freiburg, Germany
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Lang Kuhs KA, Lin SW, Hua X, Schiffman M, Burk RD, Rodriguez AC, Herrero R, Abnet CC, Freedman ND, Pinto LA, Hamm D, Robins H, Hildesheim A, Shi J, Safaeian M. T cell receptor repertoire among women who cleared and failed to clear cervical human papillomavirus infection: An exploratory proof-of-principle study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0178167. [PMID: 29385144 PMCID: PMC5791954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown why a minority of women fail to clear human papillomavirus (HPV) and develop precancer/cancer. Differences in T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires may identify HPV16-infected women at highest-risk for progression to cancer. We conducted a proof-of-principle study nested within the Guanacaste HPV Natural History Study to evaluate the utility of next-generation sequencing for interrogating the TCR repertoires among women who cleared and failed to clear cervical HPV16. METHODS TCR repertoires of women with HPV16-related intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or higher (CIN3+; n = 25) were compared to women who cleared an incident HPV16 infection without developing precancer/cancer (n = 25). TCR diversity (richness and evenness) and relative abundance (RA) of gene segment (V [n = 51], D [n = 2], J [n = 13]) usage was evaluated; receiver operating curve analysis assessed the ability to differentiate case-control status. RESULTS TCR repertoire richness was associated with CIN3+ status (P = 0.001). Relative abundance (RA) of V-gene segments was enriched for associations between cases and controls. A single V-gene (TRBV6-7) was significantly associated with CIN3+ status (RA = 0.11%, 0.16%, among cases and controls, respectively, Bonferroni P = 0.0008). The estimated area under the curve using richness and V-gene segment RA was 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.90). CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences in TCR repertoire among women with CIN3+ compared to women who cleared infection were observed. IMPACT This is the first study to use next-generation sequencing to investigate TCR repertoire in the context of HPV infection. These findings suggest that women with HPV16-associated cervical lesions have significantly different TCR repertoires from disease-free women who cleared HPV16 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle A. Lang Kuhs
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shih-Wen Lin
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xing Hua
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark Schiffman
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Rolando Herrero
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
- Prevention and Implementation Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ligia A. Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Harlan Robins
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Cancer, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jianxin Shi
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mahboobeh Safaeian
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Matos TR, O'Malley JT, Lowry EL, Hamm D, Kirsch IR, Robins HS, Kupper TS, Krueger JG, Clark RA. Clinically resolved psoriatic lesions contain psoriasis-specific IL-17-producing αβ T cell clones. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4031-4041. [PMID: 28945199 DOI: 10.1172/jci93396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In psoriasis, an IL-17-mediated inflammatory skin disease, skin lesions resolve with therapy, but often recur in the same locations when therapy is discontinued. We propose that residual T cell populations in resolved psoriatic lesions represent the pathogenic T cells of origin in this disease. Utilizing high-throughput screening (HTS) of the T cell receptor (TCR) and immunostaining, we found that clinically resolved psoriatic lesions contained oligoclonal populations of T cells that produced IL-17A in both resolved and active psoriatic lesions. Putative pathogenic clones preferentially utilized particular Vβ and Vα subfamilies. We identified 15 TCRβ and 4 TCRα antigen receptor sequences shared between psoriasis patients and not observed in healthy controls or other inflammatory skin conditions. To address the relative roles of αβ versus γδ T cells in psoriasis, we carried out TCR/δ HTS. These studies demonstrated that the majority of T cells in psoriasis and healthy skin are αβ T cells. γδ T cells made up 1% of T cells in active psoriasis, less than 1% in resolved psoriatic lesions, and less than 2% in healthy skin. All of the 70 most frequent putative pathogenic T cell clones were αβ T cells. In summary, IL-17-producing αβ T cell clones with psoriasis-specific antigen receptors exist in clinically resolved psoriatic skin lesions. These cells likely represent the disease-initiating pathogenic T cells in psoriasis, suggesting that lasting control of this disease will require suppression of these resident T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Matos
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Academic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John T O'Malley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Lowry
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Department of Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Oftedal BE, Ardesjö Lundgren B, Hamm D, Gan PY, Holdsworth SR, Hahn CN, Schreiber AW, Scott HS. T cell receptor assessment in autoimmune disease requires access to the most adjacent immunologically active organ. J Autoimmun 2017; 81:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Keane C, Gould C, Jones K, Hamm D, Talaulikar D, Ellis J, Vari F, Birch S, Han E, Wood P, Le-Cao KA, Green MR, Crooks P, Jain S, Tobin J, Steptoe RJ, Gandhi MK. The T-cell Receptor Repertoire Influences the Tumor Microenvironment and Is Associated with Survival in Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1820-1828. [PMID: 27649554 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the intra-tumoral T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the impact of TCR on survival.Experimental Design: We performed high-throughput unbiased TCRβ sequencing on a population-based cohort of 92 patients with DLBCL treated with conventional (i.e., non-checkpoint blockade) frontline "R-CHOP" therapy. Key immune checkpoint genes within the TME were digitally quantified by nanoString. The primary endpoints were 4-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Results: The TCR repertoire within DLBCL nodes was abnormally narrow relative to non-diseased nodal tissues (P < 0.0001). In DLBCL, a highly dominant single T-cell clone was associated with inferior 4-year OS rate of 60.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 31.7%-79.6%], compared with 79.8% in patients with a low dominant clone (95% CI, 66.7%-88.5%; P = 0.005). A highly dominant clone also predicted inferior 4-year PFS rate of 46.6% (95% CI, 22.5%-76.6%) versus 72.6% (95% CI, 58.8%-82.4%, P = 0.008) for a low dominant clone. In keeping, clonal expansions were most pronounced in the EBV+ DLBCL subtype that is known to express immunogenic viral antigens and is associated with particularly poor outcome. Increased T-cell diversity was associated with significantly elevated PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 immune checkpoint molecules.Conclusions: Put together, these findings suggest that the TCR repertoire is a key determinant of the TME. Highly dominant T-cell clonal expansions within the TME are associated with poor outcome in DLBCL treated with conventional frontline therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1820-8. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Rituximab/administration & dosage
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Keane
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia.
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare Gould
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberley Jones
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dipti Talaulikar
- Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ellis
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Frank Vari
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Simone Birch
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erica Han
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Wood
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Le-Cao
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R Green
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Pauline Crooks
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Sanjiv Jain
- Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Josh Tobin
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Maher K Gandhi
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia.
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Miller GD, Beavers DP, Hamm D, Mihalko SL, Messier SP. Nutrient Intake During Diet-Induced Weight Loss and Exercise Interventions in a Randomized Trial in Older Overweight and Obese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1216-1224. [PMID: 29188882 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary restriction in obese older adults undergoing weight loss may exacerbate nutrient deficiencies common in this group; the nutritional health of older adults is a factor in their quality of life, disability, and mortality. This study examined the effect of an 18-month weight loss program based in social cognitive theory incorporating partial meal replacements, on nutrient intake in older overweight and obese adults. DESIGN The following analysis is from the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial, a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Individuals were randomized into one of three 18-month interventions: exercise (E); intensive diet-induced weight loss (D); or intensive diet-induced weight loss plus exercise (D+E). SETTING The study setting was at a university research facility. PARTICIPANTS Overweight and obese older adults (n=388; BMI=33.7±3.8 kg/m2; 65.8±6.1 years) were recruited. INTERVENTIONS The D and D+E interventions (group mean goal of ≥10% loss by 18-months) utilized partial meal replacements (2 meal replacement shakes/day for 6-months). Exercise training for E and D+E was 3 days/week, 60 minutes/day. MEASUREMENTS Three day food records were collected at baseline, 6-months, and 18-months and analyzed for total energy and macro- and micronutrient intake. Comparisons of dietary intake among treatment groups were performed at 6 and 18 months using mixed linear models. RESULTS Weight loss at 18-months was 11.3±8.3% (D), 10.3±6.8% (D+E), and 1.2±4.2% (E). Meal replacements were used by more than 60% (6-months) and 50% (18-months) of D and D+E participants, compared to ≤15% for E. Both D and D+E consumed less energy and fat, and more carbohydrates and selected micronutrients than E during follow-up. More than 50% of all participants consumed less than the recommended intake of particular vitamins and minerals. CONCLUSIONS The diet intervention improved intakes of several nutrients. However, inadequate intake of several vitamins and minerals of concern for older adults suggests they need further guidance to assure adequate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Miller
- Gary D. Miller, PhD, Box 7868 Reynolda Station, Department Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7868, ; 336-758-1901; 336-758-4680 (fax)
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Henriksen EKK, Jørgensen KK, Kaveh F, Holm K, Hamm D, Olweus J, Melum E, Chung BK, Eide TJ, Lundin KEA, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH, Hirschfield GM, Liaskou E. Gut and liver T-cells of common clonal origin in primary sclerosing cholangitis-inflammatory bowel disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:116-122. [PMID: 27647428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recruitment of gut-derived memory T-cells to the liver is believed to drive hepatic inflammation in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). However, whether gut-infiltrating and liver-infiltrating T-cells share T cell receptors (TCRs) and antigenic specificities is unknown. We used paired gut and liver samples from PSC patients with concurrent inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD), and normal tissue samples from colon cancer controls, to assess potential T cell clonotype overlap between the two compartments. METHODS High-throughput sequencing of TCRβ repertoires was applied on matched colon, liver and blood samples from patients with PSC-IBD (n=10), and on paired tumor-adjacent normal gut and liver tissue samples from colon cancer patients (n=10). RESULTS An average of 9.7% (range: 4.7-19.9%) memory T cell clonotypes overlapped in paired PSC-IBD affected gut and liver samples, after excluding clonotypes present at similar frequencies in blood. Shared clonotypes constituted on average 16.0% (range: 8.7-32.6%) and 15.0% (range: 5.9-26.3%) of the liver and gut memory T-cells, respectively. A significantly higher overlap was observed between paired PSC-IBD affected samples (8.7%, p=0.0007) compared to paired normal gut and liver samples (3.6%), after downsampling to equal number of reads. CONCLUSION Memory T-cells of common clonal origin were detected in paired gut and liver samples of patients with PSC-IBD. Our data indicate that this is related to PSC-IBD pathogenesis, suggesting that memory T-cells driven by shared antigens are present in the gut and liver of PSC-IBD patients. Our findings support efforts to therapeutically target memory T cell recruitment in PSC-IBD. LAY SUMMARY Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a devastating liver disease strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The cause of PSC is unknown, but it has been suggested that the immune reactions in the gut and the liver are connected. Our data demonstrate for the first time that a proportion of the T-cells in the gut and the liver react to similar triggers, and that this proportion is particularly high in patients with PSC and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kristine Klemsdal Henriksen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Kaasen Jørgensen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Kaveh
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johanna Olweus
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brian K Chung
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tor J Eide
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Muri Boberg
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Evaggelia Liaskou
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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11
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Dandekar S, Wijesuriya H, Geiger T, Hamm D, Mathern GW, Owens GC. Shared HLA Class I and II Alleles and Clonally Restricted Public and Private Brain-Infiltrating αβ T Cells in a Cohort of Rasmussen Encephalitis Surgery Patients. Front Immunol 2016; 7:608. [PMID: 28066418 PMCID: PMC5165278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neuroinflammatory disease characterized by intractable seizures and unilateral brain atrophy. T cell infiltrates in affected brain tissue and the presence of circulating autoantibodies in some RE patients have indicated that RE may be an autoimmune disease. The strongest genetic links to autoimmunity reside in the MHC locus, therefore, we determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles carried by a cohort of 24 RE surgery cases by targeted in-depth genomic sequencing. Compared with a reference population the allelic frequency of three alleles, DQA1*04:01:01, DQB1*04:02:01, and HLA-C*07:02:01:01 indicated that they might confer susceptibility to the disease. It has been reported that HLA-C*07:02 is a risk factor for Graves disease. Further, eight patients in the study cohort carried HLA-A*03:01:01:01, which has been linked to susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Four patients carried a combination of three HLA class II alleles that has been linked to type 1 diabetes (DQA1*05:01:01:01~DQB1*02:01:01~DRB1*03:01:01:01), and five patients carried a combination of HLA class II alleles that has been linked to the risk of contracting multiple sclerosis (DQA1*01:02:01:01, DQB1*06:02:01, DRB1*15:01:01:01). We also analyzed the diversity of αβ T cells in brain and blood specimens from 14 of these RE surgery cases by sequencing the third complementarity regions (CDR3s) of rearranged T cell receptor β genes. A total of 31 unique CDR3 sequences accounted for the top 5% of all CDR3 sequences in the 14 brain specimens. Thirteen of these sequences were found in sequencing data from healthy blood donors; the remaining 18 sequences were patient specific. These observations provide evidence for the clonal expansion of public and private T cells in the brain, which might be influenced by the RE patient’s HLA haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Dandekar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Hemani Wijesuriya
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Tim Geiger
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Inc. , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Inc. , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Gary W Mathern
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Owens
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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Sheikh N, Cham J, Zhang L, DeVries T, Letarte S, Pufnock J, Hamm D, Trager J, Fong L. Clonotypic Diversification of Intratumoral T Cells Following Sipuleucel-T Treatment in Prostate Cancer Subjects. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3711-8. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Liaskou E, Klemsdal Henriksen EK, Holm K, Kaveh F, Hamm D, Fear J, Viken MK, Hov JR, Melum E, Robins H, Olweus J, Karlsen TH, Hirschfield GM. High-throughput T-cell receptor sequencing across chronic liver diseases reveals distinct disease-associated repertoires. Hepatology 2016; 63:1608-19. [PMID: 26257205 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic T-cell infiltrates and a strong genetic human leukocyte antigen association represent characteristic features of various immune-mediated liver diseases. Conceptually the presence of disease-associated antigens is predicted to be reflected in T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires. Here, we aimed to determine if disease-associated TCRs could be identified in the nonviral chronic liver diseases primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We performed high-throughput sequencing of the TCRβ chain complementarity-determining region 3 of liver-infiltrating T cells from PSC (n = 20), PBC (n = 10), and ALD (n = 10) patients, alongside genomic human leukocyte antigen typing. The frequency of TCRβ nucleotide sequences was significantly higher in PSC samples (2.53 ± 0.80, mean ± standard error of the mean) compared to PBC samples (1.13 ± 0.17, P < 0.0001) and ALD samples (0.62 ± 0.10, P < 0.0001). An average clonotype overlap of 0.85% was detected among PSC samples, significantly higher compared to the average overlap of 0.77% seen within the PBC (P = 0.024) and ALD groups (0.40%, P < 0.0001). From eight to 42 clonotypes were uniquely detected in each of the three disease groups (≥30% of the respective patient samples). Multiple, unique sequences using different variable family genes encoded the same amino acid clonotypes, providing additional support for antigen-driven selection. In PSC and PBC, disease-associated clonotypes were detected among patients with human leukocyte antigen susceptibility alleles. CONCLUSION We demonstrate liver-infiltrating disease-associated clonotypes in all three diseases evaluated, and evidence for antigen-driven clonal expansions. Our findings indicate that differential TCR signatures, as determined by high-throughput sequencing, may represent an imprint of distinctive antigenic repertoires present in the different chronic liver diseases; this thereby opens up the prospect of studying disease-relevant T cells in order to better understand and treat liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaggelia Liaskou
- Centre for Liver Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eva Kristine Klemsdal Henriksen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Kaveh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp., Seattle, WA
| | - Janine Fear
- Centre for Liver Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marte K Viken
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes Roksund Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Johanna Olweus
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery, and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research, National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Win T, Teague J, Lowry E, Kiwanuka H, Krezdorn N, Hamm D, Bueno E, Pomahac B, Clark R. 236 The role of skin resident donor T cells in face transplant rejection. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Harden JL, Hamm D, Gulati N, Lowes MA, Krueger JG. Deep Sequencing of the T-cell Receptor Repertoire Demonstrates Polyclonal T-cell Infiltrates in Psoriasis. F1000Res 2015; 4:460. [PMID: 26594339 PMCID: PMC4648215 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6756.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that infiltration of pathogenic T-cells plays an important role in psoriasis pathogenesis. However, the antigen specificity of these activated T-cells is relatively unknown. Previous studies using T-cell receptor polymerase chain reaction technology (TCR-PCR) have suggested there are expanded T-cell receptor (TCR) clones in psoriatic skin, suggesting a response to an unknown psoriatic antigen. Here we describe the results of high-throughput deep sequencing of the entire αβ- and γδ- TCR repertoire in normal healthy skin and psoriatic lesional and non-lesional skin. From this study, we were able to determine that there is a significant increase in the abundance of unique β- and γ- TCR sequences in psoriatic lesional skin compared to non-lesional and normal skin, and that the entire T-cell repertoire in psoriasis is polyclonal, with similar diversity to normal and non-lesional skin. Comparison of the αβ- and γδ- TCR repertoire in paired non-lesional and lesional samples showed many common clones within a patient, and these close were often equally abundant in non-lesional and lesional skin, again suggesting a diverse T-cell repertoire. Although there were similar (and low) amounts of shared β-chain sequences between different patient samples, there was significantly increased sequence sharing of the γ-chain in psoriatic skin from different individuals compared to those without psoriasis. This suggests that although the T-cell response in psoriasis is highly polyclonal, particular γδ- T-cell subsets may be associated with this disease. Overall, our findings present the feasibility of this technology to determine the entire αβ- and γδ- T-cell repertoire in skin, and that psoriasis contains polyclonal and diverse αβ- and γδ- T-cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Harden
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle A Lowes
- Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Fong L, Cham J, Zhang L, DeVries T, Pufnock J, GuhaThakurta D, Letarte S, Hamm D, Trager JB, Sheikh NA. Changes in circulating and intratumoral T cell clonotypes in sipuleucel-T-treated prostate cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Fong
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jason Cham
- Univerisity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Li Zhang
- UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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17
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Ramesh M, Hamm D, Simchoni N, Cunningham-Rundles C. Clonal and constricted T cell repertoire in Common Variable Immune Deficiency. Clin Immunol 2015; 178:1-9. [PMID: 25596453 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We used high throughput sequencing to examine the structure and composition of the T cell receptor β chain in Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID). TCRβ CDR3 regions were amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA of 44 adult CVID subjects and 22 healthy adults, using a high-throughput multiplex PCR. CVID TCRs had significantly less junctional diversity, fewer n-nucleotide insertions and deletions, and completely lacked a population of highly modified TCRs, with 13 or more V-gene nucleotide deletions, seen in healthy controls. The CVID CDR3 sequences were significantly more clonal than control DNA, and displayed unique V gene usage. Despite reduced junctional diversity, increased clonality and similar infectious exposures, DNA of CVID subjects shared fewer TCR sequences as compared to controls. These abnormalities are pervasive, found in out-of-frame sequences and thus independent of selection and were not associated with specific clinical complications. These data support an inherent T cell defect in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noa Simchoni
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Gerlinger M, Quezada SA, Peggs KS, Furness AJS, Fisher R, Marafioti T, Shende VH, McGranahan N, Rowan AJ, Hazell S, Hamm D, Robins HS, Pickering L, Gore M, Nicol DL, Larkin J, Swanton C. Ultra-deep T cell receptor sequencing reveals the complexity and intratumour heterogeneity of T cell clones in renal cell carcinomas. J Pathol 2014; 231:424-32. [PMID: 24122851 PMCID: PMC4241038 DOI: 10.1002/path.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of cancer cells by T cells can impact upon prognosis and be exploited for immunotherapeutic approaches. This recognition depends on the specific interaction between antigens displayed on the surface of cancer cells and the T cell receptor (TCR), which is generated by somatic rearrangements of TCR α- and β-chains (TCRb). Our aim was to assess whether ultra-deep sequencing of the rearranged TCRb in DNA extracted from unfractionated clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples can provide insights into the clonality and heterogeneity of intratumoural T cells in ccRCCs, a tumour type that can display extensive genetic intratumour heterogeneity (ITH). For this purpose, DNA was extracted from two to four tumour regions from each of four primary ccRCCs and was analysed by ultra-deep TCR sequencing. In parallel, tumour infiltration by CD4, CD8 and Foxp3 regulatory T cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with TCR-sequencing data. A polyclonal T cell repertoire with 367-16 289 (median 2394) unique TCRb sequences was identified per tumour region. The frequencies of the 100 most abundant T cell clones/tumour were poorly correlated between most regions (Pearson correlation coefficient, -0.218 to 0.465). 3-93% of these T cell clones were not detectable across all regions. Thus, the clonal composition of T cell populations can be heterogeneous across different regions of the same ccRCC. T cell ITH was higher in tumours pretreated with an mTOR inhibitor, which could suggest that therapy can influence adaptive tumour immunity. These data show that ultra-deep TCR-sequencing technology can be applied directly to DNA extracted from unfractionated tumour samples, allowing novel insights into the clonality of T cell populations in cancers. These were polyclonal and displayed ITH in ccRCC. TCRb sequencing may shed light on mechanisms of cancer immunity and the efficacy of immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerlinger
- Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, UK; Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Meier J, Roberts C, Avent K, Hazlett A, Berrie J, Payne K, Hamm D, Desmarais C, Sanders C, Hogan KT, Archer KJ, Manjili MH, Toor AA. Fractal organization of the human T cell repertoire in health and after stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:366-77. [PMID: 23313705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
T cell repertoire diversity is generated in part by recombination of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments in the T cell receptor β (TCR) locus. T cell clonal frequency distribution determined by high-throughput sequencing of TCR β in 10 stem cell transplantation (SCT) donors revealed a fractal, self-similar frequency distribution of unique TCR bearing clones with respect to V, D, and J segment usage in the T cell repertoire of these individuals. Further, ranking of T cell clones by frequency of gene segment usage in the observed sequences revealed an ordered distribution of dominant clones conforming to a power law, with a fractal dimension of 1.6 and 1.8 in TCR β DJ and VDJ containing clones in healthy stem cell donors. This self-similar distribution was perturbed in the recipients after SCT, with patients demonstrating a lower level of complexity in their TCR repertoire at day 100 followed by a modest improvement by 1 year post-SCT. A large shift was observed in the frequency distribution of the dominant T cell clones compared to the donor, with fewer than one third of the VDJ-containing clones shared in the top 4 ranks. In conclusion, the normal T cell repertoire is highly ordered with a TCR gene segment usage that results in a fractal self-similar motif of pattern repetition across levels of organization. Fractal analysis of high-throughput TCR β sequencing data provides a comprehensive measure of immune reconstitution after SCT.
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MESH Headings
- Antilymphocyte Serum/pharmacology
- Antilymphocyte Serum/therapeutic use
- Clone Cells
- Fractals
- Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Myeloablative Agonists/pharmacology
- Myeloablative Agonists/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes/classification
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Transplantation Chimera/immunology
- Transplantation Conditioning
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Meier
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Hamm D, Anton J, Mertes H, Pennings G, Dondorp WJ, de Wert GMWR, Svitnev K, Raes I, Ravelingien A, Pennings G, Provoost V, Pennings G. SESSION 21: ETHICS OF DONATION AND SURROGACY. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hamm D. A hypothesis to explain the palpatory experience and therapeutic claims in the practice of osteopathy in the cranial field. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Hamm D, Mautz BS, Wolfner MF, Aquadro CF, Swanson WJ. Evidence of amino acid diversity-enhancing selection within humans and among primates at the candidate sperm-receptor gene PKDREJ. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:44-52. [PMID: 17564962 PMCID: PMC1950930 DOI: 10.1086/518695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm-egg interaction is a crucial step in fertilization, yet the identity of most interacting sperm-egg proteins that mediate this process remains elusive. Rapid evolution of some fertilization proteins has been observed in a number of species, including evidence of positive selection in the evolution of components of the mammalian egg coat. The rapid evolution of the egg-coat proteins could strongly select for changes on the sperm receptor, to maintain the interaction. Here, we present evidence that positive selection has driven the evolution of PKDREJ, a candidate sperm receptor of mammalian egg-coat proteins. We sequenced PKDREJ from a panel of 14 primates, including humans, and conducted a comparative maximum-likelihood analysis of nucleotide changes and found evidence of positive selection. An additional panel of 48 humans was surveyed for nucleotide polymorphisms at the PKDREJ locus. The regions predicted to have been subject to adaptive evolution among primates show several amino acid polymorphisms within humans. The distribution of polymorphisms suggests that balancing selection may maintain diverse PKDREJ alleles in some populations. It remains unknown whether there are functional differences associated with these diverse alleles, but their existence could have consequences for human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hamm
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98915-7730, USA
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Hamm D, Willeford KO, White G, Reed SM, Hamm J. Caprine serum fraction immunomodulator as supplemental treatment of lower respiratory disease in the horse. Equine Vet J 2002; 34:71-5. [PMID: 11817554 DOI: 10.2746/042516402776181204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Suppurative lower airway disease is a common debilitating disease in performance horses and, while rarely fatal, is often recalcitrant to conventional therapy. A variety of treatments have been used to combat this condition and we conducted two types of studies to determine if caprine serum fraction--immunomodulator (CSFI), a nonspecific immunomodulator, improved recovery from lower respiratory disease. Two dose response studies were performed to ascertain the efficacy of CSFI. Horses were maintained daily on conventional antibiotic therapy. Respiratory tract exudate, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, chest auscultation and cough frequency were monitored weekly. One hundred percent of the horses treated with 2 i.m. injections of either 60 or 120 mg CSFI one week apart showed significant improvement with each weekly evaluation and were fully recovered by week 3. Horses treated with 15 or 30 mg CSFI did not differ significantly from the control group. Only 10% of the control horses responded to conventional antibiotic therapy. An expanded field trial utilising 80 horses diagnosed with lower respiratory disease and housed at 4 equine clinics was conducted. Thirty-five percent of the 40 control horses, treated solely by conventional antibiotic therapies, recovered while 75% of the horses treated with a supplemental administration of 60 mg CSFI as described above recovered. The combined data from these studies showed that CSFI was able to promote an overall recovery from lower respiratory disease of 86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hamm
- Research for Animal Health, Inc., Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Hamm D, Turchi P, Johnson JC, Lockwood PW, Thompson KC, Katz T. Determination of an effective dose of eltenac and its comparison with that of flunixin meglumine in horses after experimentally induced carpitis. Am J Vet Res 1997; 58:298-302. [PMID: 9055978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To titrate a clinically effective eltenac dosage (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight), compared with vehicle only, and to compare efficacy of the most effective eltenac dosage with that of 1.1 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg. ANIMALS 40 healthy horses, ranked after model induction on the basis of lameness severity, were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, with 4 replicates of 10 horses each. PROCEDURE On day -5, after surgical preparation of the left carpal region, 0.7 ml of Freund's complete adjuvant was injected into the intercarpal space. Horses were observed daily, from the day of carpitis induction to day 0, when stride length was used as the method of ranking horses for randomization to treatment assignment. Treatments were administered i.v. once daily for 3 consecutive days, starting on day 0. Prior to carpitis induction on day -5, and at time 0 (pretreatment), 2, 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 96 hours after treatment initiation, resting respiratory rate and pulse, rectal temperature, carpal circumference, carpal flexion angle, stride length, carpal hyperthermia, and signs of carpal pain were recorded. RESULTS Compared with the vehicle and 0.1 mg of eltenac/kg, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg caused statistically significant improvements (ie, reduction of carpal circumference, increase in carpal flexion angle, and increase in stride length of the affected limb), but values did not differ significantly between the 2 dosages. Thus, a dose-response plateau for eltenac was reached at 0.5 mg/kg. Comparison with flunixin meglumine at a dosage of 1.1 mg/kg did not indicate significant differences between the 2 treatment groups at the pivotal time of 96 hours for carpal circumference, carpal flexion angle, stride length, carpal hyperthermia, and signs of carpal pain. Adverse reactions were not observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Under conditions of this study, a dosage plateau for eltenac was determined (0.5 mg/kg) that was statistically equivalent to eltenac (1.0 mg/kg) and flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg) in a 3-day i.v. dosing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hamm
- Research for Animal Health, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Abstract
In a double blind study, eight horses were treated intravenously at seven-day intervals with detomidine at doses of 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg, or with romifidine at doses of 40, 80 and 120 micrograms/kg, or with a placebo solution. Their sedative and analgesic effects were evaluated by objective measurements and by a clinician at 15-minute intervals for three hours and the horses' instability in stocks, locomotor ataxia and heart rate were recorded simultaneously. The administration of both drugs at all doses resulted in sedation. The sedation achieved with romifidine was significantly shallower and shorter-lived than with detomidine at the recommended doses (P < 0.05). The results obtained with the highest dose of romifidine were in some cases significantly inferior and shorter-lived than those obtained with the medium dose (P < 0.05). Detomidine at the 10 micrograms/kg dose was similar in its effects to the two highest doses of romifidine. At all doses detomidine had analgesic properties against the effects of electrical pain stimulation at the withers, the coronary bands on the front and hind legs, and in the perianal region, which were dose-dependent in depth and duration, whereas romifidine was devoid of any analgesic effect. Instability and ataxia were more pronounced with detomidine than with romifidine but the effects were only slight to moderate and not regarded as a hindrance to procedures for which sedation is needed. Bradycardia was evident with both drugs at all doses; its severity and duration was related to the sedative properties of the drugs and was dose related. No other side effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hamm
- Wolfgang Jöchle Association Inc, Denville, NJ 07834, USA
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Korting HC, Lukacs A, Hamm D, Stanzl K, Braun-Falco O. In-use tolerability of two new syndet bars with sodium cocoyl isethionate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate and wheat starch as major ingredients in differing relations: results of a cross-over trial. Int J Cosmet Sci 1992; 14:277-82. [PMID: 19272112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1992.tb00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Synopsis In a cross-over trial two different new syndet bars differing in their content of sodium cocoyl isethionate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate and wheat starch as major components were compared in the cleansing of hand skin of 72 healthy volunteers. The preparation designated 'T'containing a higher amount of wheat starch turned out to be less irritant as judged from the parameters itching and erythema (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon's test for matched pairs). The present trial design looks appropriate to differentiate the irritancy potential of two chemically similar syndet bar preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Korting
- Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians - Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, D-8000 München 2, Germany
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Hamm D, Jöchle W. Sedation and analgesia with dormosedan® (Detomidine hydrochloride) or acepromazlne for suturing of the vulvar lips in mares (Caslick's surgery). J Equine Vet Sci 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(07)80136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liebich HG, Hamm D, Jöchle W. Histological evaluation of wound healing in horses treated with the protein-free hemodialysate Solcoseryl and its hexosylceramide fraction. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1988; 35:84-95. [PMID: 3420985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1988.tb00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Young LL, Ang CY, Searcy GK, Hamm D. Content of selected nonprotein components in poultry bone residue. Poult Sci 1986; 65:1214-6. [PMID: 3737535 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0651214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of selected water soluble vitamins, minerals, and cholesterol in two types of poultry bone residue was evaluated. Bone residue from skinless input materials contained slightly, although significantly, more calcium, phosphorus, and potassium than the bone residue from skin containing input materials. The former residue also contained slightly more niacin than did the latter, but the content of this and the other water soluble vitamins that were analyzed was low. The lipid material in both products contained more cholesterol than many other edible animal fats.
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Presson BL, Hamm D, Yazwinski TA, Pote LM. Critical test evaluations of oxfendazole and trichlorfon: effectiveness of a paste formulation in the horse. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45:1203-4. [PMID: 6742583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Critical tests were performed on 6 horses to evaluate the antiparasitic effectiveness of oxfendazole given in combination with trichlorfon in a paste formulation. Treatments were given orally as a single dose. The rates of active ingredient administration were 2.5 and 40 mg/kg of body weight for oxfendazole and trichlorfon, respectively. The combined activities of the 2 antiparasitic compounds proved 100% efficacious in the removal of adult Strongylus vulgaris, S edentatus, Oxyuris equi, and Parascaris equorum. Fourth stage O equi, and 2nd and 3rd instars of Gasterophilus nasalis also were completely removed. Second and 3rd stage instars of G intestinalis were removed at the rates of 98.1% and 98.8%, respectively. Nematodes of the "small strongyle" category were removed at the combined rate of 97.0%. Pronounced larvicidal effects of the test formulation were demonstrated via culturing fecal nematode eggs during the trial. Untoward effects of treatment were not seen in any of the trial animals.
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Katz HM, Frank A, Gunderson JG, Hamm D. Psychotherapy of schizophrenia. What happens to treatment dropouts. J Nerv Ment Dis 1984; 172:326-31. [PMID: 6544804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-nine nonchronic schizophrenic patients who had dropped out of psychotherapy were studied with regard both to reasons for dropping out and their subsequent clinical course, assessed by means of a retrospective, semistructured interview. Their 2-year outcomes were compared with those of a group of similar patients who remained in psychotherapy. It was found that the patients who dropped out were markedly heterogeneous in terms of their reasons for dropping out, and their subsequent outcomes. As a group, they received an unexpectedly substantial amount of subsequent psychiatric treatment, and after 2 years did not generally differ from those remaining in psychotherapy on measures of social or occupational functioning.
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Abstract
Recovery of pathogens from breast meat, thigh meat and skin from scalded, defeathered but uneviscerated broiler carcasses with and without spray washing was compared to recovery from breast meat, thigh meat and skin from fully processed, chilled carcasses (controls). The incidence of coagulase-positive staphylococci was not significantly different on meat and skin from both uneviscerated carcasses with and without a spray washing compared to meat and skin from fully processed carcasses. The incidence of Clostridium perfringens was not significantly different on skin, breast and thigh meat for any of the sampling sources except that incidence on meat from control breasts was lower than on breast meat from uneviscerated carcasses without spray-washing; and incidence on meat from control thighs was lower than on meat from spray-washed, uneviscerated carcasses. Salmonella incidence was higher on both breast and thigh meat from fully processed control carcasses than from uneviscerated unwashed carcasses. When uneviscerated carcasses were spray-washed after defeathering, the incidence of Salmonella was not significantly different on breast meat, and significantly lower on thigh meat than on these meats from fully processed control carcasses. Skin from fully processed control carcasses had a higher incidence of Salmonella than did skin from uneviscerated, unwashed carcasses, but not skin from uneviscerated, spray-washed carcasses. Reducing the number of stages of processing significantly reduced the incidence of Salmonella but not of coagulase-positive staphylococci or Clostridium perfringens .
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lillard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - D Hamm
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - J E Thomson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
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Yazwinski TA, Hamm D, Williams M, Greenway T, Tilley W. Effectiveness of ivermectin in the treatment of equine Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi infections. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43:1095. [PMID: 6896611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen horses harboring naturally acquired, patent Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi infections were equally allotted to 3 treatment groups given (1) injectable vehicle; (2) injectable ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 microgram/kg of body weight; and (3) injectable ivermectin at the rate of 300 microgram/kg. All treatments were given IM in the neck. All animals were killed 14 days after treatment and examined for the targeted nematodes. Regardless of dose rate, ivermectin proved 100% effective in the removal of adult O equi and P equorum infections. Levels of immature P equorum were decreased by 98.5% in both ivermectin-treated groups. Oxyuris equi 4th-stage larval injections were decreased by 95.7% and 99.9% by the 200 and 300 microgram/kg ivermectin treatments, respectively. Adverse reactions to the injections of drug were not seen.
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Yazwinski TA, Hamm D, Greenway T, Tilley W. Antiparasitic effectiveness of ivermectin in the horse. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43:1092-4. [PMID: 6896610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
By way of a controlled trial, the anthelmintic efficacies of the injectable and paste formulations of ivermectin were evaluated in the horse. Treatment was given at the rate of 200 microgram/kg of body weight. Regardless of formulation, 100% removals were demonstrated for Strongylus vulgaris (intestinal), S edentatus, 2nd and 3rd instars of Gastrophilus nasalis and G intestinalis, "small strongyles," Triodontophorus serratus and T tenuicollis. Adult Cylicocyclus insigne populations were eliminated at the rates of 99.9% and 96.3% by the injectable and paste formulations, respectively. Levels of 4th-stage Cylicocyclus spp larvae, as detected in the luminal contents of the colon, were reduced by 88.3% and 33.2% by the injectable and paste formulations, respectively. There were no adverse tissue or behavioral reactions induced by either preparation of ivermectin.
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Schrauzer GN, Hamm D, Kuehn K, Nakonecny G. Effects of long term exposure to beer on the genesis and development of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma and prolactin levels in female virgin C3H/St mice. J Am Coll Nutr 1982; 1:285-91. [PMID: 6309941 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1982.10718997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of female inbred virgin C3H/St mice infected with the Bittner particle to a commercial brand of beer increases body weight but has no significant effects on survival, the incidence of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma, tumor latency, or growth even on continuous administration of beer in place of drinking water over the entire postweaning lifespan of the animals. Prolactin excretion in young beer-group mice was slightly elevated but not significantly different from the prolactin levels observed in normally maintained control animals.
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Hamm D, Witherspoon DM, Buell JR, Chen CL, Jöchle W. Determination of clinical and luteolytic effectiveness of a prostaglandin analog in mares by a dose response study. Theriogenology 1981; 16:447-57. [PMID: 16725656 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(81)90077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/1981] [Accepted: 08/20/1981] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In trials covering two seasons, 124 thoroughbred and 40 quarterhorse mares with either normal cycles (55 diestrous mares, 33 postpartum mares after foal heat) or in anestrus during the breeding season (76) were treated with either a novel PGF analog K 11941 or with the PGF analog prostalene (Synchrocept(trade mark)). K 11941 was used over a range of doses from 0.5 to 4.5 mg, while prostalene was applied at the recommended dose level of 2 mg. Blood progesterone determinations, clinical observations and the results of breeding confirmed that K 11941, at doses of 2 mg or larger, and prostalene, were effective and safe luteolysins; heat and ovulations occurred within the expected time intervals and fertility was satisfactory. Clinical data were converted into a response score (CRS) and an added fertility score (CRSF) for statistical evaluation and the establishment of a dose response curve. In both scores, 0.5 to 1.5 mg were significantly less effective than the higher dose levels (p<.0001). No significant differences were found for the 2 and 3 mg dose of K 11941 in diestrous and anestrous mares. In both indications, prostalene scored less (p<.05). Data analysis and establishment of a dose response curve point to 3 mg of K 11941 as the optimal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hamm
- Fayetteville, AK 72701 USA
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Schrauzer GN, Kuehn K, Hamm D. Effects of dietary selenium and of lead on the genesis of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 1981; 3:185-96. [PMID: 24271755 DOI: 10.1007/bf02990116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/1981] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium added to the diet significantly lowers the incidence of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in female inbred C3H/St mice infected with the Bittner Milk Factor. Lead, 5 ppm, added to the drinking water in the form of the acetate, diminishes the uptake of selenium and reduces its anticarcinogenic effects, causing mammary tumors to appear with the same high incidence as in Se-unsupplemented controls. At higher lead concentrations in the drinking water (25 ppm), the overall tumor incidence is lowered, but tumor growth is significantly accelerated and the survival of tumor-bearing mice is shortened. Under the conditions of administration chosen, lead acts as a selenium antagonist and lowers the concentrations of selenium in liver, kidney, and spleen. The deposition of selenium, copper, and arsenic in bone is increased as compared to lead-unexposed controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Schrauzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego, Revelle College, 92093, La Jolla, California
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Francis DP, Essex M, Cotter SM, Gayzagian D, Hamm D. A simple method for quantitating salivary levels of virus using calcium alginate swabs. J Clin Pathol 1979; 32:514-5. [PMID: 224079 PMCID: PMC1145717 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.32.5.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hamm D, Hicks WJ. A new oral electrolyte in calf scours therapy. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1975; 70:279-82. [PMID: 1038882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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