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Sarkaria J, Griffith J, Porath K, Oh J, Bakken K, Zhang W, Burgenske D, Feldsien T, Lefebvre D, Reilly E, Elmquist W. Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of EGFR-targeted antibody-drug conjugates following convection-enhanced delivery in mice with glioblastoma xenografts. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Canini L, Blaise‐Boisseau S, Nardo AD, Shaw AE, Romey A, Relmy A, Bernelin‐Cottet C, Salomez A, Haegeman A, Ularamu H, Madani H, Ouoba BL, Zerbo HL, Souare ML, Boke CY, Eldaghayes I, Dayhum A, Ebou MH, Abouchoaib N, Sghaier S, Lefebvre D, DeClercq K, Milouet V, Brocchi E, Pezzoni G, Nfon C, King D, Durand B, Knowles N, Kassimi LB, Benfrid S. Identification of diffusion routes of O/EA-3 topotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Africa and Western Asia between 1974 and 2019 - a phylogeographic analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2230-e2239. [PMID: 35435315 PMCID: PMC9795992 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects the livestock industry and socioeconomic sustainability of many African countries. The success of FMD control programs in Africa depends largely on understanding the dynamics of FMD virus (FMDV) spread. In light of the recent outbreaks of FMD that affected the North-Western African countries in 2018 and 2019, we investigated the evolutionary phylodynamics of the causative serotype O viral strains all belonging to the East-Africa 3 topotype (O/EA-3). We analyzed a total of 489 sequences encoding the FMDV VP1 genome region generated from samples collected from 25 African and Western Asian countries between 1974 and 2019. Using Bayesian evolutionary models on genomic and epidemiological data, we inferred the routes of introduction and migration of the FMDV O/EA-3 topotype at the inter-regional scale. We inferred a mean substitution rate of 6.64 × 10-3 nt/site/year and we predicted that the most recent common ancestor for our panel of samples circulated between February 1967 and November 1973 in Yemen, likely reflecting the epidemiological situation in under sampled cattle-exporting East African countries. Our study also reinforces the role previously described of Sudan and South Sudan as a frequent source of FMDVs spread. In particular, we identified two transboundary routes of O/EA-3 diffusion: the first from Sudan to North-East Africa, and from the latter into Israel and Palestine AT; a second from Sudan to Nigeria, Cameroon, and from there to further into West and North-West Africa. This study highlights the necessity to reinforce surveillance at an inter-regional scale in Africa and Western Asia, in particular along the identified migration routes for the implementation of efficient control measures in the fight against FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Canini
- Paris Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal HealthEpidemiology UnitMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Sandra Blaise‐Boisseau
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Andrew E. Shaw
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Aurore Romey
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Anthony Relmy
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Cindy Bernelin‐Cottet
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Anne‐Laure Salomez
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in AnimalsService for Exotic Viruses and Particular DiseasesGroeselenberg 99BrusselsBelgium
| | - Hussaini Ularamu
- Virology DivisionNational Veterinary Research InstituteVomNigeria
| | - Hafsa Madani
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire d'AlgerInstitut National de Médecine Vétérinaire (INMV)MohammadiaAlgeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Moina Hasni Ebou
- Centre national d'élevage et de recherches vétérinairesNouakchottMauritanie
| | - Nabil Abouchoaib
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires (ONSSA)RabatMorocco
| | | | - David Lefebvre
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in AnimalsService for Exotic Viruses and Particular DiseasesGroeselenberg 99BrusselsBelgium
| | - Kris DeClercq
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in AnimalsService for Exotic Viruses and Particular DiseasesGroeselenberg 99BrusselsBelgium
| | - Valerie Milouet
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Charles Nfon
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection AgencyWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Donald King
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Benoit Durand
- Paris Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal HealthEpidemiology UnitMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Nick Knowles
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Labib Bakkali‐ Kassimi
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Souheyla Benfrid
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
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Lefebvre D, Williams AG, Kirk GJD, Paul, Burgess J, Meersmans J, Silman MR, Román-Dañobeytia F, Farfan J, Smith P. Assessing the carbon capture potential of a reforestation project. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19907. [PMID: 34620924 PMCID: PMC8497602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of reforestation projects worldwide is increasing. In many cases funding is obtained through the claimed carbon capture of the trees, presented as immediate and durable, whereas reforested plots need time and maintenance to realise their carbon capture potential. Further, claims usually overlook the environmental costs of natural or anthropogenic disturbances during the forest’s lifetime, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the reforestation are not allowed for. This study uses life cycle assessment to quantify the carbon footprint of setting up a reforestation plot in the Peruvian Amazon. In parallel, we combine a soil carbon model with an above- and below-ground plant carbon model to predict the increase in carbon stocks after planting. We compare our results with the carbon capture claims made by a reforestation platform. Our results show major errors in carbon accounting in reforestation projects if they (1) ignore the time needed for trees to reach their carbon capture potential; (2) ignore the GHG emissions involved in setting up a plot; (3) report the carbon capture potential per tree planted, thereby ignoring limitations at the forest ecosystem level; or (4) under-estimate tree losses due to inevitable human and climatic disturbances. Further, we show that applications of biochar during reforestation can partially compensate for project emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lefebvre
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK.
| | - Adrian G Williams
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Guy J D Kirk
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK
| | | | - J Burgess
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Jeroen Meersmans
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Miles R Silman
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica-CINCIA, 17001, Madre de Dios, Peru.,Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA.,Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Francisco Román-Dañobeytia
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica-CINCIA, 17001, Madre de Dios, Peru.,Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Jhon Farfan
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica-CINCIA, 17001, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Lefebvre D, Williams A, Meersmans J, Kirk GJD, Sohi S, Goglio P, Smith P. Modelling the potential for soil carbon sequestration using biochar from sugarcane residues in Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19479. [PMID: 33173109 PMCID: PMC7655943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation leaves behind around 20 t ha-1 of biomass residue after harvest and processing. We investigated the potential for sequestering carbon (C) in soil with these residues by partially converting them into biochar (recalcitrant carbon-rich material). First, we modified the RothC model to allow changes in soil C arising from additions of sugarcane-derived biochar. Second, we evaluated the modified model against published field data, and found satisfactory agreement between observed and predicted soil C accumulation. Third, we used the model to explore the potential for soil C sequestration with sugarcane biochar in São Paulo State, Brazil. The results show a potential increase in soil C stocks by 2.35 ± 0.4 t C ha-1 year-1 in sugarcane fields across the State at application rates of 4.2 t biochar ha-1 year-1. Scaling to the total sugarcane area of the State, this would be 50 Mt of CO2 equivalent year-1, which is 31% of the CO2 equivalent emissions attributed to the State in 2016. Future research should (a) further validate the model with field experiments; (b) make a full life cycle assessment of the potential for greenhouse gas mitigation, including additional effects of biochar applications on greenhouse gas balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lefebvre
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Adrian Williams
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Jeroen Meersmans
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Guy J D Kirk
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Saran Sohi
- UK Biochar Research Centre (UKBRC), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Pietro Goglio
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, Leeuwenborch, Hollandsweg 1, 6706KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Crignon C, Lefebvre D. Le temps long du dialogue entre médecins et philosophes. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:1068-1073. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Willems T, De Vleeschauwer A, Perez-Filgueira M, Li Y, Ludi A, Lefebvre D, Wilsden G, Statham B, Haas B, Mattion N, Robiolo B, Beascoechea Perez C, Maradei E, Smitsaart E, La Torre J, De Clercq K. FMD vaccine matching: Inter laboratory study for improved understanding of r 1 values. J Virol Methods 2019; 276:113786. [PMID: 31765721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly variable RNA virus existing as seven different serotypes. The antigenic variability between and within serotypes can limit the cross-reactivity and therefore the in vivo cross-protection of vaccines. Selection of appropriate vaccine strains is crucial in the control of FMD. Determination of indirect relationships (r1-value) between potential vaccine strains and field strains based on antibody responses against both are routinely used for vaccine matching purposes. Aiming at the investigation of the repeatability, reproducibility and comparability of r1-value determination within and between laboratories and serological tests, a small scale vaccine matching ring test for FMDV serotype A was organized. Well-characterized serum pools from cattle vaccinated with a monovalent A24/Cruzeiro/Brazil/55 (A24) FMD vaccine with known in vivo protection status (homologous and heterologous) were distributed to four laboratories to determine r1-values for the heterologous FMD strains A81/Argentina/87, A/Argentina/2000 and A/Argentina/2001 using the virus neutralization tests (VNT) and liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE). Within laboratories, the repeatability of r1-value determination was high for both antibody assays. VNT resulted in reproducible and comparable r1-values between laboratories, indicative of a lack of antigenic relatedness between the A24 strain and the heterologous strains tested in this work, thus corresponding to some of the in vivo findings with these strains. Using LPBE, similar trends in r1-values were observed in all laboratories, but the overall reproducibility was lower than with VNT. Inconsistencies between laboratories may at least in part be attributed to differences in LPBE protocols as well as the in preexisting information generated in each laboratory (such as antibody titer-protection correlation curves). To gain more insight in the LPBE-derived r1-values standard bovine control sera were included in the antibody assays performed in each laboratory and a standardization exercise was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Willems
- Unit Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, SD Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano (formerly CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Annebel De Vleeschauwer
- Unit Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, SD Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano (formerly CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Mariano Perez-Filgueira
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), N Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham (1686), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanmin Li
- The Chinese National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Anna Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - David Lefebvre
- Unit Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, SD Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano (formerly CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ginette Wilsden
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Bob Statham
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Haas
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nora Mattion
- Centro de Virología Animal (CEVAN), Av Fleming 1653, Martinez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Blanca Robiolo
- Centro de Virología Animal (CEVAN), Av Fleming 1653, Martinez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Beascoechea Perez
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), FMD Reference Laboratory, Talcahuano 1660, Martinez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Maradei
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), FMD Reference Laboratory, Talcahuano 1660, Martinez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - José La Torre
- Centro de Virología Animal (CEVAN), Av Fleming 1653, Martinez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Unit Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, SD Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano (formerly CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussel, Belgium.
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Haegeman A, De Vleeschauwer A, De Leeuw I, Vidanović D, Šekler M, Petrović T, Demarez C, Lefebvre D, De Clercq K. Overview of diagnostic tools for Capripox virus infections. Prev Vet Med 2019; 181:104704. [PMID: 31196699 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Capripox viruses are the causative agents of important animal diseases in cattle (Lumpy Skin Disease), sheep (Sheeppox) and goats (Goatpox) with severe socio-economic impact in case of wide scale outbreaks. Therefore there is a constant need for adequate diagnostic tools. The assays must be fit-for-purpose to identify the virus quickly and correctly and to be useful for surveillance and monitoring at different stages of an epidemic. Different diagnostic performance characteristics are required depending on the situation and the test purpose. The need for high throughput, high specificity/sensitivity and the capability for differentiating field virus strains from vaccine strains drives the development of new and better assays preferably with an advantageous cost-benefit balance. This review aims to look at existing and new virological and serological diagnostic tools used in the control against diseases caused by Capripox viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Haegeman
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | | | - Ilse De Leeuw
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | - Dejan Vidanović
- Specialized Veterinary Institute "Kraljevo", Kraljevo, Serbia.
| | - Milanko Šekler
- Specialized Veterinary Institute "Kraljevo", Kraljevo, Serbia.
| | - Tamaš Petrović
- Department for Virology, Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Céline Demarez
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | - David Lefebvre
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
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Ehizibolo DO, De Vleeschauwer AR, Haegeman A, Lefebvre D, Nwosuh CI, Umoh JU, Okolocha EC, Kazeem HM, Van Borm S, De Clercq K. Serological and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in agro-pastoralist livestock herds in the kachia grazing reserve, Nigeria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1575-1586. [PMID: 30901506 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Kachia Grazing Reserve (KGR) is located in Kaduna state in north-western Nigeria and consists of 6 contiguous blocks housing 744 defined households (HH), all engaged in livestock keeping. It is considered as a homogenous epidemiological unit and a defined study area. In 2012, all cattle and sheep of 40 selected HH were sampled to determine sero-prevalence of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and of FMDV. The overall sero-prevalence of antibodies to the non-structural 3ABC protein (NSP-3ABC ELISA) was 28.9% (380/1,315) (30.6% cattle; 16.3% sheep), and in 4.5% (62/1,380) (5% cattle; 0.6% sheep) of the examined sera FMD viral RNA could be detected by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Additionally, in 2012 and 2014 serum, epithelium and probang samples were collected from cattle in reported FMD outbreaks and the causative FMDVs were molecularly characterized. Approximately half (28/59) of the outbreak sera reacted positive in NSP-3ABC ELISA, and 88% (52/59) of the outbreak sera contained detectable viral RNA. Overall, antibodies against five FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) were detected by solid phase competitive ELISA with combinations of two or more serotypes being common. Of the 21 FMDVs that could be isolated 19 were sequenced and 18 were confirmed as SAT2 (lineage VII) while one was characterized as serotype O (EA-3 topotype). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between Nigerian FMDV strains and strains in this region and even with strains in North-Africa. Our findings indicate that FMD constitutes an endemic health problem to cattle rearing in the agro-pastoralist community in the KGR and that the KGR is not a closed epidemiological unit. Insight into the local FMDV epidemiology and in the circulating FMDV serotypes/strains is of support to the relevant authorities in Nigeria when considering the need for an FMD control policy to improve animal production in grazing reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Odion Ehizibolo
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Andy Haegeman
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Lefebvre
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chika I Nwosuh
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - Jarlath U Umoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel C Okolocha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Haruna M Kazeem
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Molecular Platform, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
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Ferland MC, Guesthier MA, Cue R, Lacroix R, Burgos S, Lefebvre D, Wade K. Effect of feeding system and grain source on lactation characteristics and milk components in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8572-8585. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Boneu B, Sie P, Caranobe C, Lefebvre D, Pradere B, Bastide G. Platelet Density, 5 HT Organelles and Production Time in Chronic Arteritis of the Lower Limbs. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1650113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Boneu
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine
| | - P Sie
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine
| | - C Caranobe
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine
| | - D Lefebvre
- Service de Chirurgie Générale et Vasculaire, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse cedex, France
| | - B Pradere
- Service de Chirurgie Générale et Vasculaire, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse cedex, France
| | - G Bastide
- Service de Chirurgie Générale et Vasculaire, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse cedex, France
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Cazaux V, Gauthier B, Elias A, Lefebvre D, Tredez J, Nguyen F, Cambus JP, Boneu B, Boccalon H. Predicting Daily Maintenance Dose of Fluindione, an Oral Anticoagulant Drug. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1650357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryDue to large inter-individual variations, the dose of vitamin K antagonist required to target the desired hypocoagulability is hardly predictible for a given patient, and the time needed to reach therapeutic equilibrium may be excessively long. This work reports on a simple method for predicting the daily maintenance dose of fluindione after the third intake. In a first step, 37 patients were delivered 20 mg of fluindione once a day, at 6 p.m. for 3 consecutive days. On the morning of the 4th day an INR was performed. During the following days the dose was adjusted to target an INR between 2 and 3. There was a good correlation (r = 0.83, p<0.001) between the INR performed on the morning of day 4 and the daily maintenance dose determined later by successive approximations. This allowed us to write a decisional algorithm to predict the effective maintenance dose of fluindione from the INR performed on day 4. The usefulness and the safety of this approach was tested in a second prospective study on 46 patients receiving fluindione according to the same initial scheme. The predicted dose was compared to the effective dose soon after having reached the equilibrium, then 30 and 90 days after. To within 5 mg (one quarter of a tablet), the predicted dose was the effective dose in 98%, 86% and 81% of the patients at the 3 times respectively. The mean time needed to reach the therapeutic equilibrium was reduced from 13 days in the first study to 6 days in the second study. No hemorrhagic complication occurred. Thus the strategy formerly developed to predict the daily maintenance dose of warfarin from the prothrombin time ratio or the thrombotest performed 3 days after starting the treatment may also be applied to fluindione and the INR measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cazaux
- The Service d’Angiologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - B Gauthier
- The Service d’Angiologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - A Elias
- The Service d’Angiologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - D Lefebvre
- The Service d’Angiologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - J Tredez
- The Service d’Angiologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - F Nguyen
- The Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - J P Cambus
- The Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - B Boneu
- The Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - H Boccalon
- The Service d’Angiologie, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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Lisowski ZM, Pirie RS, Blikslager AT, Lefebvre D, Hume DA, Hudson NPH. An update on equine post-operative ileus: Definitions, pathophysiology and management. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:292-303. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. M. Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - R. S. Pirie
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - A. T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - D. Lefebvre
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - D. A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
- Mater Research; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
| | - N. P. H. Hudson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
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Randrianjatovo-Gbalou I, Rouquette P, Lefebvre D, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Marcato-Romain CE. In situ analysis of Bacillus licheniformis biofilms: amyloid-like polymers and eDNA are involved in the adherence and aggregation of the extracellular matrix. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1262-1274. [PMID: 28214364 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study attempts to determine which of the exopolymeric substances are involved in the adherence and aggregation of a Bacillus licheniformis biofilm. METHODS AND RESULTS The involvement of extracellular proteins and eDNA were particularly investigated using DNase and proteinase K treatment. The permeability of the biofilms increased fivefold after DNase I treatment. The quantification of the matrix components showed that, irrespective to the enzyme tested, eDNA and amyloid-like polymers were removed simultaneously. Size-exclusion chromatography analyses supported these observations and revealed the presence of associated nucleic acid and protein complexes in the biofilm lysates. These data suggest that some extracellular DNA and amyloid-like proteins were closely interlaced within the matrix. Finally, confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging gave supplementary clues about the 3D organization of the biofilms, confirming that eDNA and exoproteins were essentially layered under and around the bacterial cells, whereas the amyloid-like fractions were homogeneously distributed within the matrix. CONCLUSION These results confirm that some DNA-amyloid complexes play a key role in the modulation of the mechanical resistance of B. licheniformis biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study highlights the need to consider the whole structure of biofilms and to target the interactions between matrix components. A better understanding of B. licheniformis biofilm physiology and the structural organization of the matrix will strengthen strategies of biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Randrianjatovo-Gbalou
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
| | - P Rouquette
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
| | - D Lefebvre
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
| | - E Girbal-Neuhauser
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
| | - C-E Marcato-Romain
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environnementale, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
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Vandenbussche F, Mathijs E, Lefebvre D, De Clercq K, Van Borm S. A Tale of Tails: Dissecting the Enhancing Effect of Tailed Primers in Real-Time PCR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164463. [PMID: 27723800 PMCID: PMC5056738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-specific tail sequences are often added to the 5’-terminus of primers to improve the robustness and overall performance of diagnostic assays. Despite the widespread use of tailed primers, the underlying working mechanism is not well understood. To address this problem, we conducted a detailed in vitro and in silico analysis of the enhancing effect of primer tailing on 2 well-established foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RT-qPCR assays using an FMDV reference panel. Tailing of the panFMDV-5UTR primers mainly affected the shape of the amplification curves. Modelling of the raw fluorescence data suggested a reduction of the amplification efficiency due to the accumulation of inhibitors. In depth analysis of PCR products indeed revealed the rapid accumulation of forward-primer derived artefacts. More importantly, tailing of the forward primer delayed artefacts formation and concomitantly restored the sigmoidal shape of the amplification curves. Our analysis also showed that primer tailing can alter utilisation patterns of degenerate primers and increase the number of primer variants that are able to participate in the reaction. The impact of tailed primers was less pronounced in the panFMDV-3D assay with only 5 out of 50 isolates showing a clear shift in Cq values. Sequence analysis of the target region of these 5 isolates revealed several mutations in the inter-primer region that extend an existing hairpin structure immediately downstream of the forward primer binding site. Stabilisation of the forward primer with either a tail sequence or cationic spermine units restored the sensitivity of the assay, which suggests that the enhancing effect in the panFMDV-3D assay is due to a more efficient extension of the forward primer. ur results show that primer tailing can alter amplification through various mechanisms that are determined by both the assay and target region. These findings expand our understanding of primer tailing and should enable a more targeted and efficient use of tailed primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vandenbussche
- Molecular Platform, Operational Directorate of Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisabeth Mathijs
- Molecular Platform, Operational Directorate of Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Lefebvre
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Operational Directorate of Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Operational Directorate of Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Molecular Platform, Operational Directorate of Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
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Lefebvre D, Hudson NPH, Elce YA, Blikslager A, Divers TJ, Handel IG, Tremaine WH, Pirie RS. Clinical features and management of equine post operative ileus (POI): Survey of Diplomates of the American Colleges of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) and Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC). Equine Vet J 2015; 48:714-719. [PMID: 26502215 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY A recent survey of European Colleges (European College of Equine Internal Medicine [ECEIM] and European College of Veterinary Surgeons [ECVS]) revealed the different strategies implemented by, and some of the challenges facing, European clinicians presented with cases of post operative ileus (POI). It was concluded that further comparative analysis of opinions, canvassed from additional colleges of equine veterinary specialism worldwide, would provide valuable additional insight into current POI knowledge on a more global scale. OBJECTIVES To report and compare the current strategies favoured by American veterinary specialists when managing POI in horses that underwent emergency colic surgery. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Electronic invitations were sent to 814 Large Animal specialists, including 3 colleges: the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) and the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC). RESULTS The response rate was 14% (115/814). The majority of respondents (68%) reported an estimated prevalence range of POI of 0-20%. The presence of reflux on nasogastric intubation was the main criterion used to define POI. A lesion involving the small intestine was considered the main risk factor for POI. Anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous (i.v.) fluids and antimicrobial drugs were the primary strategies used when managing POI. Flunixin meglumine and i.v. lidocaine were the drugs most commonly used in the treatment of horses with POI. Supplementary management strategies targeted mainly the prevention of post operative adhesions, infection and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of consensus on the clinical definition of POI. Prospective and objective clinical assessment of the effectiveness of the different strategies contained within this and the European survey is necessary in order to identify a standardised approach to the management of equine POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lefebvre
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - N P H Hudson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Y A Elce
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de l'Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - A Blikslager
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - T J Divers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - I G Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - W H Tremaine
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - R S Pirie
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
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van der Linden L, Vives-Adrián L, Selisko B, Ferrer-Orta C, Liu X, Lanke K, Ulferts R, De Palma AM, Tanchis F, Goris N, Lefebvre D, De Clercq K, Leyssen P, Lacroix C, Pürstinger G, Coutard B, Canard B, Boehr DD, Arnold JJ, Cameron CE, Verdaguer N, Neyts J, van Kuppeveld FJM. The RNA template channel of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as a target for development of antiviral therapy of multiple genera within a virus family. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004733. [PMID: 25799064 PMCID: PMC4370873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae contains many important human pathogens (e.g., poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, and enterovirus 71) for which no antiviral drugs are available. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an attractive target for antiviral therapy. Nucleoside-based inhibitors have broad-spectrum activity but often exhibit off-target effects. Most non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) target surface cavities, which are structurally more flexible than the nucleotide-binding pocket, and hence have a more narrow spectrum of activity and are more prone to resistance development. Here, we report a novel NNI, GPC-N114 (2,2'-[(4-chloro-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy)]bis(5-nitro-benzonitrile)) with broad-spectrum activity against enteroviruses and cardioviruses (another genus in the picornavirus family). Surprisingly, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and poliovirus displayed a high genetic barrier to resistance against GPC-N114. By contrast, EMCV, a cardiovirus, rapidly acquired resistance due to mutations in 3Dpol. In vitro polymerase activity assays showed that GPC-N114 i) inhibited the elongation activity of recombinant CVB3 and EMCV 3Dpol, (ii) had reduced activity against EMCV 3Dpol with the resistance mutations, and (iii) was most efficient in inhibiting 3Dpol when added before the RNA template-primer duplex. Elucidation of a crystal structure of the inhibitor bound to CVB3 3Dpol confirmed the RNA-binding channel as the target for GPC-N114. Docking studies of the compound into the crystal structures of the compound-resistant EMCV 3Dpol mutants suggested that the resistant phenotype is due to subtle changes that interfere with the binding of GPC-N114 but not of the RNA template-primer. In conclusion, this study presents the first NNI that targets the RNA template channel of the picornavirus polymerase and identifies a new pocket that can be used for the design of broad-spectrum inhibitors. Moreover, this study provides important new insight into the plasticity of picornavirus polymerases at the template binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke van der Linden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laia Vives-Adrián
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Selisko
- AFMB UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Cristina Ferrer-Orta
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Armando M. De Palma
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federica Tanchis
- Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - David Lefebvre
- Unit of Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Virology Department, CODA-CERVA, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Unit of Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Virology Department, CODA-CERVA, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Lacroix
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Pürstinger
- Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Coutard
- AFMB UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Canard
- AFMB UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - David D. Boehr
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jamie J. Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Craig E. Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nuria Verdaguer
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lefebvre D, Pirie RS, Handel IG, Tremaine WH, Hudson NPH. Clinical features and management of equine post operative ileus: Survey of diplomates of the European Colleges of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) and Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS). Equine Vet J 2015; 48:182-7. [PMID: 25256601 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is a need for an improved understanding of equine post operative ileus (POI), in terms of both clinical definition and optimal management. Although the pharmacological strategies that are used to treat POI continue to evolve, little is known about the supplementary strategies used to prevent and manage this condition. OBJECTIVES To report the current strategies used to diagnose, prevent and manage POI following emergency abdominal surgeries. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS An electronic survey invitation was sent by email to 306 European college diplomates (European Colleges of Equine Internal Medicine, ECEIM n = 120, and Veterinary Surgeons, ECVS n = 186). RESULTS The response rate was 33% (100 of 306). The median reported estimated incidence of POI was 10-20%. The presence of reflux on nasogastric intubation was the main criterion used to define POI. Lesions involving the small intestine were thought to be the leading risk factors for developing POI. Anti-inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial drugs and i.v. fluids were the primary preventative strategies when managing cases at high risk for POI. Flunixin meglumine and lidocaine were the drugs most commonly used to treat horses with POI. Supplementary preventative and treatment strategies for POI included control of endotoxaemia, fluid therapy, early ambulation and judicious timing of post operative feeding. CONCLUSIONS Appreciation of the potential risk factors associated with the development of POI appeared to have an impact on the choice of management strategies that are implemented. The majority of ECEIM and ECVS Diplomates in the survey used flunixin meglumine and lidocaine, often in combination, to treat horses with POI, which is likely to reflect the contributory role of inflammation in its pathophysiology. Various supplementary strategies were used to prevent and manage POI risk factors intraoperatively and post operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lefebvre
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - R S Pirie
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - I G Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - W H Tremaine
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK
| | - N P H Hudson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Vasseur E, Gibbons J, Rushen J, Pellerin D, Pajor E, Lefebvre D, de Passillé AM. An assessment tool to help producers improve cow comfort on their farms. J Dairy Sci 2014; 98:698-708. [PMID: 25465625 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective management and an appropriate environment are essential for dairy cattle health and welfare. Codes of practice provide dairy producers with best practice guidance for the care and handling of their cattle. New Canadian recommendations have been established for the dairy industry. The objectives of this study were to develop an on-farm assessment tool that helps producers assess how well they are meeting their code of practice and that identifies management and environment modifications that could improve dairy cow comfort on their farms. The assessment tool addressed critical areas of dairy cow comfort, including accommodation and housing (stall design, space allowance, stall management, pen management, milking parlor, and transfer alleys), feed and water (body condition scoring, nutrition), and health and welfare (lameness, claw health, and hoof-trimming). Targets of good practices were identified from the requirements and recommendations of the code of practice. Each farm received a score for each target, ranging from 0 (target not reached) to 100 (target reached). One hundred tiestall and 110 freestall farms were surveyed in 3 provinces of Canada (Quebec, Ontario, and Alberta). The duration of the assessment, in 2 visits lasting, on average, 8 and 9h (range between freestall and tiestall farms) and 4 and 4.1h, was beyond the targeted 3 to 4h due mainly to the animal-based measures; strategies to reduce the duration of the assessment were discussed. Standard operating procedures were developed to ensure consistency in measuring and recording data. Periodical checks were conducted by trainers to ensure all 15 assessors remained above target agreement of weighted kappa ≥0.6. Average scores for all critical areas ranged from 25 to 89% for freestall farms and from 48 to 95% for tiestall farms. These scores need to be considered with caution when comparing farms because scores could not always be calculated the same way between housing systems. An evaluation report was provided and discussed with each producer, identifying strengths and areas for improvement that could benefit dairy cow comfort on their farms. The producers were convinced of the effectiveness of our tool for assessing cow comfort (freestall: 86%; tiestall: 95%) and in assisting them to make decisions for improvements (freestall: 83%; tiestall: 93%). Our cow comfort assessment tool served as background material for the Dairy Farmers of Canada animal care assessment program.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vasseur
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, V0M 1A0.
| | - J Gibbons
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, V0M 1A0
| | - J Rushen
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, V0M 1A0
| | - D Pellerin
- Animal Science Department, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - E Pajor
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - D Lefebvre
- Valacta Inc., Dairy Production Centre of Expertise Quebec-Atlantics, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3R4
| | - A M de Passillé
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, V0M 1A0
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Jolicoeur MS, Brito AF, Santschi DE, Pellerin D, Lefebvre D, Berthiaume R, Girard CL. Short dry period management improves peripartum ruminal adaptation in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7655-67. [PMID: 25306282 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether the improvement in postpartum energy balance frequently reported in cows under short dry period management could be due to an improvement in ruminal function related to the reduction in the number of diet changes before calving. Six multiparous and 6 primiparous Holstein cows equipped with ruminal cannula were assigned to 6 blocks of 2 cows each according to parity, projected milk production at 305 d, and expected calving date. Within each block, cows were randomly assigned to either a conventional (CDP; 63.2 ± 2.0 d) or a short dry period (SDP; 35.2 ± 2.0 d) management in a randomized complete block design. The CDP cows were fed a far-off diet until 28 d before calving, followed by a prepartum diet, whereas SDP cows received only the prepartum diet. After calving, both groups were fed the same lactation diet. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily and milk composition, weekly. Blood samples were taken twice a week during the first 4 wk postcalving and weekly otherwise. Omasal and ruminal samples were collected approximately 3 wk prior and 3 wk after calving. From 28 d before calving until calving, when the 2 groups of cows were fed the same prepartum diet, there was no effect of the dry period length management on DMI, plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, and glucose and nutrient digestibility in the rumen. However, CDP cows tended to have lower ruminal pH and higher ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids than SDP cows. From calving to 60 d in milk, daily DMI was higher for SDP than for CDP cows (22.3 ± 0.44 vs. 20.7 ± 0.30 kg), but milk production and milk concentrations and yields of fat, protein, and total solids were not affected by the dry period length management. After calving, body weight loss was reduced and body condition score tended to increase more rapidly for SDP than for CDP cows. Nutrient digestibility in the rumen, expressed in kilograms per day, was greater or tended to be greater for SDP cows, but differences were no longer significant when expressed per unit of nutrient ingested. The decrease in plasma nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in SDP cows without effect on milk yield suggests an improved energy balance likely due to greater DMI. Results from the present study seem to indicate that reducing the number of diet changes before calving could facilitate ruminal adaptation to the lactation diet and improve energy balance postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Jolicoeur
- Département de Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement sur le Bovin Laitier et le Porc, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - A F Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - D E Santschi
- Valacta, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3R4, Canada
| | - D Pellerin
- Département de Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - D Lefebvre
- Valacta, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3R4, Canada
| | - R Berthiaume
- Valacta, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3R4, Canada
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement sur le Bovin Laitier et le Porc, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
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Denis-Robichaud J, Dubuc J, Lefebvre D, DesCôteaux L. Accuracy of milk ketone bodies from flow-injection analysis for the diagnosis of hyperketonemia in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3364-70. [PMID: 24657085 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the correlations between blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and milk components [BHBA, acetone, fat, protein, and fat:protein (F:P) ratio], and (2) to establish optimal thresholds for milk components to predict hyperketonemia in dairy cows. Data on 163 cows from 37 herds were used in this cross-sectional study. Herds were visited once during the study period, and cows between 2 and 90 d in milk were blood sampled within 4h of milk sampling for the Dairy Herd Improvement test. Blood BHBA concentrations were measured using a cow-side electronic meter, Precision Xtra, which was considered the gold standard test in this study. Milk BHBA and acetone concentrations were measured in Dairy Herd Improvement milk samples by flow-injection analysis; whereas, milk fat and protein were tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Hyperketonemia was defined by a blood BHBA concentration ≥ 1.4 mmol/L. The prevalence of hyperketonemia (based on blood BHBA values) in this study population was 21.0%. Pearson correlation coefficients between blood BHBA and milk BHBA, acetone, fat, protein, and F:P ratio were 0.89, 0.73, 0.21, 0.04, and 0.17, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and thresholds for each individual milk component were determined based on the maximal sum of sensitivity and specificity. Optimal threshold values for hyperketonemia were milk BHBA ≥ 0.20 mmol/L, acetone ≥ 0.08 mmol/L, fat ≥ 4.2%, and F:P ratio ≥ 1.3. Based on these thresholds, milk BHBA and acetone had greater sensitivity (84 and 87%, respectively) and greater specificity (96 and 95%, respectively) than the other milk components (fat, protein, and F:P). Series and parallel testing slightly improved the accuracy of milk BHBA and acetone values to predict hyperketonemia. A multivariable model that accounted for milk BHBA and milk acetone values simultaneously had the highest accuracy of all tested models for predicting hyperketonemia. These results support that milk BHBA and milk acetone values from flow-injection analysis are accurate diagnostic tools for hyperketonemia in dairy cows and could potentially be used for herd-level hyperketonemia surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Denis-Robichaud
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - J Dubuc
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | - D Lefebvre
- Valacta, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3R4, Canada
| | - L DesCôteaux
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada
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van der Linden L, Ulferts R, Nabuurs SB, Kusov Y, Liu H, George S, Lacroix C, Goris N, Lefebvre D, Lanke KHW, De Clercq K, Hilgenfeld R, Neyts J, van Kuppeveld FJM. Application of a cell-based protease assay for testing inhibitors of picornavirus 3C proteases. Antiviral Res 2014; 103:17-24. [PMID: 24393668 PMCID: PMC7113757 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytical cleavage of the picornaviral polyprotein is essential for viral replication. Therefore, viral proteases are attractive targets for anti-viral therapy. Most assays available for testing proteolytical activity of proteases are performed in vitro, using heterologously expressed proteases and peptide substrates. To deal with the disadvantages associated with in vitro assays, we modified a cell-based protease assay for picornavirus proteases. The assay is based on the induction of expression of a firefly luciferase reporter by a chimeric transcription factor in which the viral protease and cleavage sites are inserted between the GAL4 binding domain and the VP16 activation domain. Firefly luciferase expression is dependent on cleavage of the transcription factor by the viral protease. This biosafe assay enables testing the effect of compounds on protease activity in cells while circumventing the need for infection. We designed the assay for 3C proteases (3C(pro)) of various enteroviruses as well as of viruses of several other picornavirus genera, and show that the assay is amenable for use in a high-throughput setting. Furthermore, we show that the spectrum of activity of 3C(pro) inhibitor AG7088 (rupintrivir) not only encompasses enterovirus 3C(pro) but also 3C(pro) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), an aphthovirus. In contrary, AG7404 (compound 1), an analogue of AG7088, had no effect on FMDV 3C(pro) activity, for which we provide a structural explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke van der Linden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences & Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences & Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander B Nabuurs
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Kusov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shyla George
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Céline Lacroix
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - David Lefebvre
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kjerstin H W Lanke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences & Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences & Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lefebvre D, Dossat-Létisse V, Lefebvre X, Girbal-Neuhauser E. Fate of organic matter during moderate heat treatment of sludge: kinetics of biopolymer and hydrolytic activity release and impact on sludge reduction by anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Technol 2014; 69:1828-1833. [PMID: 24804656 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-phased anaerobic digestion with a 50-70 °C pre-treatment is widely proposed for sludge. Here, such a sludge pre-treatment (65 °C) was studied against the physical, enzymatic and biodegradation processes. The soluble and particulate fractions were analysed in terms of biochemical composition and hydrolytic enzymatic activities. Two kinetics of organic matter solubilisation were observed: a rapid transfer of the weak-linked biopolymers to the water phase, including sugars, proteins or humic acid-like substances, to the water phase, followed by a slow and long-term solubilisation of proteins and humic acid-like substances. In addition, during the heat treatment a significant pool of thermostable hydrolytic enzymes including proteases, lipases and glucosidases remains active. Consequently, a global impact on organic matter was the transfer of the biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the particulate to the soluble fraction as evaluated by the biological methane potential test. However, the total biodegradable COD content of the treated sludge remained constant. The heat process improves the bio-accessibility of the biodegradable molecules but doesn't increase the inherent sludge biodegradability, suggesting that the chemistry of the refractory proteins and humic acids seems to be the real limit to sludge digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lefebvre
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; LBAE; IUT A, 24 rue d'Embaquès, F-32000 Auch, France E-mail:
| | - V Dossat-Létisse
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; LBAE; IUT A, 24 rue d'Embaquès, F-32000 Auch, France E-mail:
| | - X Lefebvre
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse - INRA, UMR792 F-31400 Toulouse - CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - E Girbal-Neuhauser
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; LBAE; IUT A, 24 rue d'Embaquès, F-32000 Auch, France E-mail:
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Ras M, Lefebvre D, Derlon N, Hamelin J, Bernet N, Paul E, Girbal-Neuhauser E. Distribution and hydrophobic properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in biofilms in relation towards cohesion. J Biotechnol 2013; 165:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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De Vleeschauwer A, Lefebvre D, De Clercq K. Gebruik van antivirale middelen in de diergeneeskunde. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2012. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v81i5.18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
De interesse voor het gebruik van antivirale geneesmiddelen in de diergeneeskunde neemt duidelijk toe. Tot op heden blijft de behandeling van virale infectieziekten in de diergeneeskunde beperkt tot het gebruik van enkele humane geneesmiddelen bij gezelschapsdieren, maar de ontwikkeling van specifieke diergeneeskundige middelen is aan de gang. Ook in de sector van de nutsdieren, waar virale infectieziekten kunnen leiden tot grote economische verliezen, is er toenemende interesse voor het gebruik van antivirale geneesmiddelen. De toediening van geneesmiddelen aan voedselproducerende dieren stelt echter specifieke eisen met betrekking tot farmacokinetiek, de uitwerking van maximale residulimieten (MRLs) en wachttijden, alsook (eco)toxiciteit. Ervaringen uit de humane geneeskunde leren dat de therapeutische doeltreffendheid van antivirale middelen soms negatief beïnvloed wordt door het ontstaan van minder gevoelige (resistente) virusvarianten. Bij de ontwikkeling van nieuwe antivirale producten is het dus van uitermate belang rekening te houden met de kans op antivirale resistentieontwikkeling. Dit is zeker het geval wanneer er wordt gedacht aan de grootschalige toepassing in de diergeneeskunde. In dit artikel wordt een korte inleiding gegeven over antivirale resistentieontwikkeling. Daarnaast wordt voor de meest voorkomende virale ziekten bij huisdieren een literatuuroverzicht gegeven van de mogelijke behandeling met chemische antivirale moleculen waarbij specifiek aandacht wordt besteed aan de beschikbare gegevens over antivirale resistentieontwikkeling. Het aantal studies over de effectiviteit van (humane) antivirale middelen tegenover diervirussen is beperkt en klinisch onderzoek limiteert zich meestal tot de werkzaamheid en toxiciteit. Er is een gebrek aan wetenschappelijke gegevens omtrent de dosering en de kans op resistentieontwikkeling van antivirale producten voor gebruik bij dieren. De bestrijding van virale dierziekten door middel van een antivirale therapie lijkt omwille van verschillende redenen aanlokkelijk, maar er is nog veel onderzoek vereist om tot een verantwoorde praktische toepassing te komen.
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Barakat M, Lefebvre D, Khalil M, Druaux F, Mustapha O. Parameter selection algorithm with self adaptive growing neural network classifier for diagnosis issues. INT J MACH LEARN CYB 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13042-012-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cue RI, Pietersma D, Lefebvre D, Lacroix R, Wade K, Pellerin D, de Passillé AM, Rushen J. Growth modeling of dairy heifers in Québec based on random regression. Can J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cue, R. I., Pietersma, D., Lefebvre, D., Lacroix, R., Wade, K., Pellerin, D., de Passillé, A-M. and Rushen, J. 2012. Growth modeling of dairy heifers in Québec based on random regression. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 33–47. A total of 144 006 weight (calculated from tape girth measurements) and height data records from Québec dairy heifers were analyzed using random regression to estimate growth curve parameters of Ayrshires, Brown Swiss and Holstein animals to permit prediction of individual heifer growth from 0 to 32 mo. There were, on average, 5.15 records per heifer (minimum 3 records, maximum 25 records). The body weight data were analyzed using linear and quadratic fixed and random regressions, with a power-of-the-mean (POM) function to model the residual variance. The POM was 1.2 for Holstein and Ayrshire and slightly less than 1 for Brown Swiss. Estimated body weight at 24 mo was 507, 564, 624 kg, for Ayrshires, Brown Swiss and Holstein, respectively. The height data were analyzed with a Brody, monomolecular non-linear growth curve model. Mature height was estimated to be 148 cm in both Holstein and Ayrshires, and 150 cm in Brown Swiss. Random regression models were shown to be able to predict individual growth, and can be incorporated in decision-support tools to help producers reducing the average age at first calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Cue
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - D. Pietersma
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - D. Lefebvre
- Department of Research and Development, Valacta, Centre d'Expertise en Production Laitière, 555 boul. Des Anciens Combattants, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3R4
| | - R. Lacroix
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9
- Department of Research and Development, Valacta, Centre d'Expertise en Production Laitière, 555 boul. Des Anciens Combattants, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3R4
| | - K. Wade
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - D. Pellerin
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | | | - J. Rushen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, British Columbia V0M 1AZ
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Michon A, Largeau L, Mauguin O, Ouerghi A, Vézian S, Lefebvre D, Roudon E, Zielinski M, Chassagne T, Portail M. Graphene growth using propane-hydrogen CVD on 6H-SiC(0001): temperature dependent interface and strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Haller DM, Jotterand S, Durrer D, Sebo P, Birchmeier A, Lefebvre D, Raetzo MA, Ruiz Lachat MJ, Klauser P, Jaussi A, Marthe R, Martin-du-Pan R, Rieder A, Herzig L. [Scientific research in family medicine: practitioners' experience, barriers and needs]. Rev Med Suisse 2011; 7:1089-1094. [PMID: 21688676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Scientific data from family medicine are relevant for the majority of the population. They are therefore essential from an ethical and public health perspective. We need to promote quality research in family medicine despite methodological, financial and logistic barriers. To highlight the strengths and weaknesses of research in family medicine in the French-speaking part of Switzerland we asked practitioners from this region to share their experience, critics and needs in relation to research. This article summarizes their contribution in light of the international literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Haller
- Unité de recherche et d'enseignement en médecine de premier recours, Université de Genève.
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Vasseur E, Rushen J, de Passillé AM, Lefebvre D, Pellerin D. An advisory tool to improve management practices affecting calf and heifer welfare on dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4414-26. [PMID: 20723716 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed an advisory tool addressing 10 critical areas of calf and heifer management, including calving management, care to newborn calves and painful procedures, colostrum management, cow-calf separation, calf feeding, weaning, calf housing, heifer feeding, heifer housing, and general monitoring. Targets and indicators for each critical area were validated by a panel of experts and maximum scores were assigned based on experts' opinions and reviews of scientific literature. The tool was tested on 28 Quebec dairy farms for feasibility and repeatability between 2 observers. Farmers were asked to test colostrum quality, measure blood IgG concentrations, and record health events. The on-farm evaluation included an interview on management practices and an evaluation of conditions in the barn. Scorings and recommendations were discussed with producers. The usefulness of our on-farm welfare tool was evaluated by the producers themselves during a final debriefing. We reached the main goals of a successful advisory tool of calf and heifer management to improve welfare on dairy farms. We respected the targeted time limit of a 3-h visit covering all aspects of our tool including data collection on management and environment, scoring, practical demonstration with producers, and debriefing. We had no problems collecting management- and environment-based data and had high repeatability of qualitative environment-based measures (kappa value>0.6). Our tool helped to detect problems and to discuss these problems with the producers; producers scored below 50% for some targets in calving management, care to newborn calves and painful procedures, colostrum management, and calf feeding. The targets were realistic so producers were not discouraged. All producers were convinced of the usefulness of our tool for identifying areas of calf and heifer management in need of improvement. They were also convinced of the usefulness of our tool as an advisory tool for technical advisors and veterinarians. Six months after the on-farm visit, recommended practices were implemented in many of these areas. Voluntary improvements in animal welfare can be facilitated by using appropriate tools to educate producers and help them change their attitudes toward calf management and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vasseur
- Animal Sciences Department, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1K 7P4.
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Vasseur E, Borderas F, Cue RI, Lefebvre D, Pellerin D, Rushen J, Wade KM, de Passillé AM. A survey of dairy calf management practices in Canada that affect animal welfare. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1307-15. [PMID: 20172250 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest among the public in farm animal welfare and a need for methods to assess animal welfare on farm. A survey on calf rearing practices that might affect dairy calf welfare was performed via a 1-h interview on 115 dairy farms (mean +/- SD: herd size=52.5+/-20.9 cows; milk production=8,697+/-1,153L) distributed throughout the province of Quebec. Despite frequent recommendations, many dairy producers continue to use management practices that increase the health risks of milk-fed calves. Major risk factors for poor calf welfare identified were 1) no use of calving pen in 51.3% of herds and low level of surveillance of calvings, especially at nighttime (once every 12h), 2) no disinfection of newborn's navel in 36.8% of herds, and delayed identification and, hence, calf monitoring (3 d), 3) 15.6% of farms relied on the dam to provide colostrum and none checked colostrum quality or passive transfer of immunity, 4) dehorning and removal of extra teats proceeded at late ages (6.4 wk and 6.7 mo, respectively) and without adequate pain control, 5) use of traditional restrictive milk feeding and waste milk distributed to unweaned calves without precaution in 48.2% of herds, 6) abrupt weaning performed in 16.5% of herds, and 7) calves housed individually in 87.9% of herds, and most inappropriate housing systems (crate=27.0%, tie-stall=13.9%, attached against a wall=5.7%) remained. This risk factor assessment was the first step in an intervention strategy to improve calf welfare on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vasseur
- Department of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
Immediate allergic hypersensitivity reactions with fentanyl are rarely reported. We diagnosed a presumably IgE-mediated allergic hypersensitivity reaction comprising generalized erythema and bronchospasm 4 h after the first-time application of transdermal fentanyl. Prick test remained negative with fentanyl whereas an intradermal test (IDT) with fentanyl was positive (dilution 10(-2)). Cross-reactivity was found with sufentanil but not with remifentanil. The diagnosis was supported by the clinical history and a positive IDT with fentanyl. This case report confirms the need for a systematic allergological investigation in case of immediate hypersensitivity reactions for all drugs and all modes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dewachter
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale & SAMU de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Scholtissen S, Guillemin F, Bruyère O, Collette J, Dousset B, Kemmer C, Culot S, Crémer D, Dejardin H, Hubermont G, Lefebvre D, Pascal-Vigneron V, Weryha G, Reginster JY. Assessment of determinants for osteoporosis in elderly men. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:1157-66. [PMID: 19011728 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine and quantify some determinants associated to low bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly men. This study showed that ageing, a lower body mass index (BMI), a higher blood level of C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-1), family history of osteoporosis, and/or fracture and prior fracture were associated with bone mineral density. INTRODUCTION Our aims were to identify some determinants associated to low bone mineral density in men and to develop a simple algorithm to predict osteoporosis. METHODS A sample of 1,004 men aged 60 years and older was recruited. Biometrical, serological, clinical, and lifestyle determinants were collected. Univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the discriminant performance of the algorithm. RESULTS In the multiple regression analysis, only age, BMI, CTX-1, and family history of osteoporosis and/or fracture were able to predict the femoral neck T-score. When running the procedure with the total hip T-score, prior fracture also appeared to be significant. With the lumbar spine T-score, only age, BMI, and CTX-1 were retained. The best algorithm was based on age, BMI, family history, and CTX-1. A cut-off point of 0.25 yielded a sensibility of 78%, a specificity of 59% with an area under the curve of 0.73 in the development and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION Ageing, a lower BMI, higher CTX-1, family history, and prior fracture were associated with T-score. Our algorithm is a simple approach to identify men at risk for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scholtissen
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium.
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Leblanc E, Narducci F, Lefebvre D, Villers A. [How I do... to define circumstances of an immediate conversion into a laparotomy, during a laparoscopic or a robotically-assisted laparoscopic surgery]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2009; 37:275-276. [PMID: 19272825 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Leblanc
- Département de cancérologie gynécologique, centre Oscar-Lambret, Lille, France.
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Ras M, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Paul E, Spérandio M, Lefebvre D. Protein extraction from activated sludge: an analytical approach. Water Res 2008; 42:1867-1878. [PMID: 18067947 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the efficiency of different methods on exopolymeric substance (EPS) extraction, mechanical and chemical treatments were applied on two activated sludges, regarding the yield of protein extraction as well as their compatibility with usual quantification methods. Mechanical disruption methods do not drastically affect protein measurements by both bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and modified Lowry methods. Chemical compounds such as cationic exchange resin and triton show high interference with modified Lowry method while the protein quantification by BCA method is not affected. In addition, inner sludge compounds were shown to interfere with both methods: BCA and modified Lowry measurement respectively overestimate and underestimate protein content. According to these data, BCA method was chosen in this study as the most appropriate protein quantification method in sludge extracts. Comparison of various extraction protocols, combining mechanical and/or chemical treatments, shows that efficiency can be increased by repeating the same method or by applying a prior mechanical treatment. Proteins are preferably extracted by triton treatments, indicating the importance of hydrophobic interactions linking proteins to the EPS matrix. The amount of extracted proteins reaches 182 and 148 mg eq.BSA g(-1)VSS using triton/triton and ultraturax/triton extractions, respectively. Protease activity/extracted protein ratios vary widely depending on extraction protocols. Protease seemed to be preferably extracted by ultrasound and triton treatments (150-220 U mg(-1)protein). This study underlines that the choice of a relevant coupled quantification/extraction method is of great importance for efficient EPS determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ras
- LBAE, Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée à l'Agro-Alimentaire et à l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Toulouse III, Auch, France
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Abstract
This paper deals with discrete event systems (DES) modeled either by discrete timed Petri nets without conflict or by continuous Petri nets. A fuzzy rule-based multimodel is developed for this kind of system. The behavior of each Petri net transition is described by the combination of two linear local fuzzy models. Using the Takagi-Sugemo model in a systematic way, we define the exact modeling for both classes of timed Petri nets. As a result, we notice that classical sets result in the exact description of discrete timed Petri nets. On the contrary, only fuzzy sets are suitable to describe continuous Petri nets exactly. The proposed fuzzy multimodels are very interesting from a control point of view. In that sense, general results such as convergence for timed Petri nets are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hennequin
- Lab. de Syst. et Transp., Univ. de Technol. Belfort-Montbeliard
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Lefebvre D, Lips D, Giffroy JM. The European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals and tail docking in dogs. REV SCI TECH OIE 2007; 26:619-628. [PMID: 18293610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals was opened for signature in Strasbourg on 13 November 1987 and entered into force on 1 May 1992. This Convention states that: 'Surgical operations for the purpose of modifying the appearance of a pet animal or for other non-curative purposes shall be prohibited and, in particular: the docking of tails'. At present, 15 of the 27 States in the European Union have ratified this Convention (with or without reserving their position on tail docking) and have prohibited cosmetic surgical operations. In addition, four European States have prohibited these operations, even though they did not ratify the Convention. These policy positions agree with both the current knowledge on tail amputations in dogs and the opinions of official veterinary associations in Europe and North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lefebvre
- Animal Welfare Council of Belgium, Ministry of Social Affairs, Food Chain Security and Environment, DG4 (CITES and Animal Welfare), 40 Place Victor Horta, 1060 Brussels, Belgium.
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Mateusen B, Maes DGD, Van Soom A, Lefebvre D, Nauwynck HJ. Effect of a porcine circovirus type 2 infection on embryos during early pregnancy. Theriogenology 2007; 68:896-901. [PMID: 17719623 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on porcine embryos and their receptor sows during the first 21 days of pregnancy. Hatched blastocysts exposed to 10(5.0) TCID50 PCV2 per ml (strain 1121, fifth passage PK15) and negative control embryos were transferred to PCV2-immune receptor sows at the 7th day of the cycle. Two weeks after transfer (D21), the receptor sows were euthanized and embryos were recovered. They were assessed macroscopically for viability and examined for viral antigen-positive cells by immunoperoxidase staining. The embryonic survival rate of the PCV2-exposed embryos (6.4%, 7 viable embryos out of 110 transferred) was significantly lower than the survival rate of the negative control embryos (65.4%, 34 viable embryos out of 52 transferred). All of the non-viable PCV2-exposed embryos (n=9) displayed immunohistochemical positive signals for PCV2-antigen in degenerated tissues. In the PCV2-exposed embryos that were categorized as viable at D21, small clusters (n=4) or no PCV2-positive cells (n=3) were detected. The pregnancy results of the receptor sows that received PCV2-exposed embryos (1/5) were considerably different from the negative control receptors (2/2), with 3 out of 5 sows displaying a regular return to oestrus. In conclusion, it can be stated that PCV2 can replicate in embryos and might lead to embryonic death. In a small proportion of embryos, PCV2 exposure does not have a detrimental effect on embryo development before D21.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mateusen
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Pietersma D, Lacroix R, Lefebvre D, Cue R, Wade KM. Trends in growth and age at first calving for Holstein and Ayrshire heifers in Quebec. Can J Anim Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.4141/a05-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to provide an overview of heifer growth in Quebec and analyze its relationship with age at first calving. Heifer body weights, wither heights, body condition scores, and breeding events collected from 1993 to 2003 were obtained and combined with first lactation data, mature body weights, type classification final score and frame/capacity, and estimated breeding values for milk, conformation, frame/capacity, and Lifetime Profit Index. Analyses were restricted to 39 animal-level variables. The resulting data set consisted of 44 989 Holsteins and 2294 Ayrshires with data available for at least one variable. The average age at first calving was 26.5 and 27.1 mo for Holsteins and Ayrshires, respectively. For Holsteins, average daily gains in body weights were 0.79, 0.89, 0.87, and 0.70 kg d-1 for 0 to 4 mo (birth to weaning), 4 to 10 mo (to target onset of puberty), 10 to 14 mo (to first breeding), and 14 mo to pre-calving periods of growth, respectively. Body weights at 14 mo, conception, and post calving were 398, 464, and 601 kg, respectively, and relative to mature body weight were 59, 68 and 89%, respectively. Correlations with age at first calving, corrected for herd and year of birth effects, were positive for body weight at conception (0.69), body weight at first calving (0.31), and number of breedings (0.37), and negative for the average daily gain from conception to post calving (-0.38) and body weight at 14 mo relative to mature body weight (-0.20). For Ayrshires, body weights and average daily gains were lower than for Holsteins, but body weights relative to mature body weight and correlations were generally similar. Holsteins and Ayrshires calved substantially earlier and at a heavier body weight compared with Quebec data from the 1980s. The results of this study suggest that heifer growth may not be a limiting factor in reducing the average age at first calving in Québec. Key words: Dairy cattle, field-recorded data, heifer, growth
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41
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Penel N, Yazdanpanah Y, Chauvet M, Clisant S, Giard S, Neu J, Lefebvre D, Foumier C, Bonneterre J. Prevention of wound infection in breast cancer surgery with a strategy based on administration of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients at high risk of wound infection occurrence. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)80364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Meerts P, Misinzo G, Lefebvre D, Nielsen J, Bøtner A, Kristensen CS, Nauwynck HJ. Correlation between the presence of neutralizing antibodies against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and protection against replication of the virus and development of PCV2-associated disease. BMC Vet Res 2006; 2:6. [PMID: 16445856 PMCID: PMC1386657 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous study, it was demonstrated that high replication of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in a gnotobiotic pig was correlated with the absence of PCV2-neutralizing antibodies. The aim of the present study was to investigate if this correlation could also be found in SPF pigs in which PMWS was experimentally reproduced and in naturally PMWS-affected pigs. Results When looking at the total anti-PCV2 antibody titres, PMWS-affected and healthy animals seroconverted at the same time point, and titres in PMWS-affected animals were only slightly lower compared to those in healthy animals. In healthy animals, the evolution of PCV2-neutralizing antibodies coincided with that of total antibodies. In PMWS-affected animals, neutralizing antibodies could either not be found (sera from field studies) or were detected in low titres between 7 and 14 DPI only (sera from experimentally inoculated SPF pigs). Differences were also found in the evolution of specific antibody isotypes titres against PCV2. In healthy pigs, IgM antibodies persisted until the end of the study, whereas in PMWS-affected pigs they quickly decreased or remained present at low titres. The mean titres of other antibody isotypes (IgG1, IgG2 and IgA), were slightly lower in PMWS-affected pigs compared to their healthy group mates at the end of each study. Conclusion This study describes important differences in the development of the humoral immune response between pigs that get subclinically infected with PCV2 and pigs that experience a high level of PCV2-replication which in 3 of 4 experiments led to the development of PMWS. These observations may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of a PCV2-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meerts
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - David Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lindholm, Denmark
| | - Anette Bøtner
- Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lindholm, Denmark
| | | | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
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Paul E, Camacho P, Lefebvre D, Ginestet P. Organic matter release in low temperature thermal treatment of biological sludge for reduction of excess sludge production. Water Sci Technol 2006; 54:59-68. [PMID: 17087370 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment applied in association with a biological system allows for a significant reduction in excess sludge production (approximately 50%). In general, heat treatment is described as a sludge disintegration technique. This paper offers a thorough study on the impact of heat treatment, at temperatures below 100 degrees C, on the solubilisation of the sludge COD and its biodegradability. Discontinuous heating experiments were performed on activated and digested sludge. At all temperatures tested the released COD for digested sludge was systematically higher than that for activated sludge (15 and 40%, respectively, at 95 degrees C for 40 min of contact time). For the first 30 min, a 1st order kinetic, with respect to the residual COD, was systematically found. In the range of 40-95 degrees C, digested sludge had a lower activation energy than activated sludge (26 kcal/mol compared to 70-160 kcal/mol). COD solubilisation is thus more positively influenced by temperature in the case of activated sludge. This may be due to the significant difference in the ratio of protein/carbohydrate in digested and activated sludge (1-5 and 0.2-0.7, respectively). The increase in the COD/TKN ratio in the solubilised fraction after thermal treatment of activated sludge suggests a preferential solubilisation of proteins over carbohydrates. Respirometric tests performed on the solubilised COD showed that whatever the sludge origin, only 40-50% of released COD is biodegradable at a conventional hydraulic retention time (i.e., 24 h). Hence, heat treatment would act more through organic matter solubilisation rather than by a biodegradability increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paul
- Laboratory of Environmental Processes Engineering, National Institute for Applied Sciences, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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Gognalons-Nicolet M, Lefebvre D. [From blind knowledge to experiential knowledge]. Rev Med Suisse 2005; 1:371-4. [PMID: 15776801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A postgraduate course in psychosomatic and psychosocial medicine for general practitioners started in 1999 from Marc Archinard advice. It consists of about half the hours required for the "Attestation de formation complémentaire" granted by the Swiss Academy of psychosomatic and psychosocial medicine (AMPP). This article describes the elaboration of a questionnaire assessing the professional competences acquired by the practitioners after the course. As practitioners they valorise knowledge coming from their experiences on patient relationships and group exchanges, own maturational process, delegation process as well as expansion of therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gognalons-Nicolet
- Département de psychiatrie, HUG, Genève-AMPP, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air 2, 1225 Chêne-Bourg.
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Elias A, Cadène A, Elias M, Puget J, Tricoire JL, Colin C, Lefebvre D, Rousseau H, Joffre F. Extended Lower Limb Venous Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Proximal and Distal Vein Thrombosis in Asymptomatic Patients after Total Hip Replacement. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004; 27:438-44. [PMID: 15015197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2003.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of extended lower limb venous ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to estimate a 3-month DVT incidence on repeated US after total hip replacement. DESIGN Diagnostic performance study and prospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS US was compared to phlebography in 70 consecutive patients and interobserver agreement was assessed in the last 48 patients at day 8. US was repeated in these 48 patients at day 13 and day 90. RESULTS Phlebography demonstrated a DVT in 18/70 (26%) patients, with five proximal and 13 distal and US in 23/70 (33%) patients, with eight proximal and 15 distal. Sensitivity and specificity of US with 95% CI were 94% (73-100) and 89% (76-96), respectively. Sensitivity in isolated distal vein thrombosis was 92% (67-99). The Kappa coefficient for agreement between observers was 0.84 (0.66-1.00). Follow-up showed a DVT in 15/48 (31%) patients on day 8, in 20/48 patients (42%) on day 13. DVT recurred in two patients during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of asymptomatic DVT is still significant despite prophylaxis but most DVTs remain distal and occur in the first 2 weeks. Extended US could replace phlebography for systematic screening in clinical trials using surrogate endpoints in view of its high accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elias
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Rangueil University Hospital Centre, Toulouse, France
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46
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Lefebvre D, Ménard N, Pierre JS. Modelling the influence of demographic parameters on group structure in social species with dispersal asymmetry and group fission. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-002-0578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Laroche M, Moulinier L, Leger P, Lefebvre D, Mazières B, Boccalon H. Bone mineral decrease in the leg with unilateral chronic occlusive arterial disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21:103-6. [PMID: 12673899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The links between osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis have been established by numerous epidemiological studies. Could arteriosclerosis induce bone mineral loss via ischemia or other pathological process? We carried out a comparative study of bone mineral density in both legs of patients with unilateral arterial disease of the lower limbs. METHODS We studied 25 patients, 22 men and 3 women, whose mean age was 62.3 years (range 35-88 years). These patients had unilateral lower limb arterial disease of at least 3 months duration with a systolic index at least 50% lower on the affected than on the healthy side. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral densities (BMD) of the femoral neck, femur, tibia, foot and ankle of the affected and the unaffected legs were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPXL) and the results compared. RESULTS Bone mineral density was significantly lower in the femur (-3.7%, p = 0.04), the foot and the ankle (-3%, p = 0.05) of the affected leg. There was a non-significant decrease in BMD of the whole femoral neck (-1.2%) and the trochanter (-4.4%, p = 0.08) on the affected side. Tibial bone mineral density was identical in both legs. Bone mineral content was lower on the affected side (-5.3%, p = 0.05) whereas fat mass and muscle mass were the same in both legs. CONCLUSION The ischemia resulting from arterial disease of the lower limbs appears to have a direct deleterious effect on bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laroche
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Rangueil, 1 Avenue J. Poulhès, 31403 Toulouse, France.
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Gaudin V, Libault M, Pouteau S, Juul T, Zhao G, Lefebvre D, Grandjean O. Mutations in LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 affect flowering time and plant architecture in Arabidopsis. Development 2001; 128:4847-58. [PMID: 11731464 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128.23.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In plants, recent studies have demonstrated links between the regulation of developmental processes and chromatin dynamics and organisation. Analysis of new mutations affecting overall plant architecture, leaf development and flowering time in Arabidopsis has allowed us to clone and characterise LHP1, the Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) homologue. LHP1 has the chromo and chromo shadow domains central to the function of animal proteins. Yeast two hybrid studies and in planta deletion experiments suggest similar modes of action in plants and animals via homodimer formation. In vivo localisation experiments revealed a specific subnuclear protein distribution in foci throughout the nucleus. Our data suggest that LHP1 may act as a main regulator of gene expression in plants, through formation of heterochromatin-like repressive complexes, to control developmental pathways involved in organ and cell size, and the vegetative to reproductive phase transition.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Chromobox Protein Homolog 5
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/chemistry
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Dimerization
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Plant Leaves/growth & development
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gaudin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, route de St Cyr, 78026 Versailles cedex, France.
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49
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Penel N, Fournier C, Kara A, Sarini J, Lefebvre D. [Anticancer chemotherapy, risk factor for infection at the operated site in cervicofacial surgery]. Presse Med 2001; 30:892-5. [PMID: 11413843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to evaluate occurrence and risk factors for wound infection (WI) in head and neck uncontaminated surgery, we carried out a prospective study. METHODS From january 1997 through january 1999, we prospectively evaluated 212 wounds of all patients having uncontaminated head and neck surgery at the Oscar Lambret Cancer Center (neck dissections, parotidectomies, thyroidectomies, explorative cervicotomies, cutaneous resections). No antibiotic prophylaxis was given. WI was defined as a wound with pus. Statistical evaluation was performed using the chi 2 test. In univariate analysis, differences were considered significant p < 0.05. RESULTS The overall WI rate was 6.6% (14/212). In univariate analysis, previous chemotherapy is the only risk factor for WI were: (p < 0.00001). Multivariate analysis was not performed. CONCLUSION Like other cancer locations, chemotherapy was a major risk factor for WI. In these cases, a phase ill trial could confirm efficacy of standard antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Penel
- Département de Cancérologie Cervico-faciale, Centre Oscar Lambret, 3, rue F. Combemale, BP 307, F 59020 Lille.
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50
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Abstract
A case-acquisition and decision-support system was developed to support the analysis of group-average lactation curves and to acquire example cases from domain specialists. This software was developed through several iterations of a three-step approach involving 1) problem analysis and formulation in consultation with two dairy nutrition specialists; 2) development of a case-acquisition and decision-support prototype by the system developer; and 3) use of the prototype by the domain specialists to analyze and classify milk-recording data from example herds. The overall problem was decomposed into three subproblems: removal of outlier tests and lactation curves of individual cows; interpretation of group-average lactation curves; and diagnosis of detected abnormalities at the herd level through the identification of potential management deficiencies. For each subproblem, a software module was developed allowing the user to analyze both graphical and numerical performance representations and classify these representations using predefined linguistic descriptors. The example-based method for the development of the program proved to be very useful, facilitating the communication between system developer and domain specialists, and allowing the specialists to explore the appropriateness of the various prototypes developed. The resulting software represents a formalization of the approach to group-average lactation curve analysis, elicited from the two domain specialists. In future research, the case-acquisition and decision-support system will be complemented with knowledge to automate identified classification tasks, which will be captured through the application of machine-learning techniques to example cases, acquired from domain specialists using the software.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pietersma
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC Canada
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