Emergence of Long-Range Angular Correlations in Low-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions

This Letter presents the measurement of near-side associated per-trigger yields, denoted ridge yields, from the analysis of angular correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. Long-range ridge yields are extracted for pairs of charged particles with a pseudorapidity difference of 1.4<|Δη|<1.8 and a transverse momentum of 1 Collapse

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First Measurement of the |t| Dependence of Incoherent J/ψ Photonuclear Production

The first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons as a function of the Mandelstam |t| variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, |y|<0.8, using ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-x range (0.3-1.4)×10^{-3}. Cross sections are given in five |t| intervals in the range 0.04<|t|<1  GeV^{2} and compared to the predictions by different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a |t| dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data.

Music therapy for supporting informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness pre- and post-bereavement; a mixed-methods systematic review

BACKGROUND

Music therapy interventions with informal carers of individuals with life-threatening illness at pre- and post-bereavement is an increasingly important clinical area. This systematic review is the first to synthesise and critically evaluate the international evidence associated with music therapy with adult informal carers pre- and post-bereavement. Specifically, the objectives were: i) to describe the characteristics and effectiveness of music therapy interventions which aim to improve health-related outcomes for adult informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness (pre- and post-bereavement), and ii) to describe the experience of music therapy for adult informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness (pre- and post-bereavement).

METHODS

Eligibility: adult informal carers of adults at end of life or bereaved; music therapy interventions for improving health-related outcomes; qualitative; mixed-method; and quantitative studies including comparators of any other intervention; published in English from 1998 onwards. Six databases were searched up to July 2022. A JBI mixed-methods systematic review approach was followed throughout, including quality appraisal, data extraction and a convergent segregated approach to synthesis and integration.

RESULTS

A total of 34 studies were included, published between 2003 and 2022. Most were conducted in North America (n = 13), Australia (n = 10), or Europe (n = 8). No studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries or in the UK. The majority were qualitative (n = 17), followed by quasi-experimental (n = 8), mixed-methods (n = 7) and two RCTs. The majority focused on carers of individuals with dementia (n = 21) or advanced cancer (n = 7). Seventeen studies were purely quantitative or included a quantitative component. During meta-synthesis, findings were aligned to core outcomes for evaluating bereavement interventions in palliative care and previously identified risk factors for complicated grief. Commonly targeted outcomes in quantitative studies included quality of life and mental wellbeing, showing equivocal effectiveness of music therapy with significant and non-significant results. Twenty-two studies either purely qualitative or with a qualitative component underwent meta synthesis and suggested a diverse range of improved pre- and post-bereavement outcomes for informal carers across all core outcomes, and across all risk and protective factors, including psychological, spiritual, emotional, and social outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Qualitative studies provide moderate to strong evidence for improved health-related outcomes for adult informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness pre-bereavement. Limited studies including those bereaved negates conclusions for the bereavement phase. Comparisons and explanations for effectiveness across quantitative and qualitative studies are equivocal, with a high risk of bias and small samples in the limited number of quantitative studies, demonstrating a need for high-quality RCTs.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PRE-REGISTRATION

PROSPERO [CRD42021244859].

ψ(2S) Suppression in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

The production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, in the dimuon decay channel. A significant signal was observed for the first time at LHC energies down to zero transverse momentum, at forward rapidity (2.5 Collapse

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Measurements of Groomed-Jet Substructure of Charm Jets Tagged by D^{0} Mesons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30  GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.

Exploring Bias-Based Bullying and Intersecting Social Positions as Correlates of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents

Purpose: The current study extends the limited body of intersectional research on adolescents' sexual health by examining experiences of bias-based bullying and multiple intersecting social positions associated with engagement in sexual risk behaviors. Methods: Participants were 14,968 sexually active 9th and 11th grade students surveyed as part of the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (15% lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/pansexual/questioning [LGBQ] and/or transgender/gender diverse [TGD] or gender questioning). Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify experiences (i.e., bias-based bullying victimization) and intersecting social positions (i.e., sexual orientation identity; gender identity/modality; race/ethnicity; physical disabilities/chronic illness; mental health/behavioral/emotional problems) associated with the highest prevalence of three sexual risk behaviors. Results: Overall, 18% of adolescents reported 3+ sex partners in the last year, 14% reported drug/alcohol use before last sex, and 36% reported not discussing protection from sexually transmitted infections with new sexual partners. Adolescents with 2+ marginalized social positions, some of whom also experienced bias-based bullying, were part of 53% of the highest prevalence risk groups. For example, 42% of Multiracial or Latina/x/o gender questioning adolescents who identified as LGBQ reported 3+ sex partners in the last year-twice the sample average. Adolescents who were Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Latina/x/o, Multiracial, TGD, or gender questioning were in the highest prevalence nodes across all outcomes. Conclusion: Adolescents with multiple marginalized social positions and who experience bias-based bullying engage in high-risk sexual behaviors at higher-than-average rates. Findings underscore the importance of addressing intersecting experiences of stigma to reduce high-risk sex behaviors and promote health equity among adolescents.

Measurement of the Lifetime and Λ Separation Energy of _{Λ}^{3}H

The most precise measurements to date of the _{Λ}^{3}H lifetime τ and Λ separation energy B_{Λ} are obtained using the data sample of Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV collected by ALICE at the LHC. The _{Λ}^{3}H is reconstructed via its charged two-body mesonic decay channel (_{Λ}^{3}H→^{3}He+π^{-} and the charge-conjugate process). The measured values τ=[253±11(stat)±6(syst)]  ps and B_{Λ}=[102±63(stat)±67(syst)]  keV are compatible with predictions from effective field theories and confirm that the _{Λ}^{3}H structure is consistent with a weakly bound system.

Application of an intersectional lens to bias-based bullying among LGBTQ+ youth of color in the United States

Bias-based bullying influences health, academic success, and social wellbeing. However, little quantitative work takes an intersectional perspective to understand bias-based bullying among youth with marginalized social positions, which is critical to prevention. This paper describes the application of exhaustive chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) to understand how prevalence of race-, gender-, and sexual orientation-based bullying varies for youth with different intersecting social positions. We used two datasets - the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (MSS; N=80,456) and the 2017-2019 California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS; N=512,067). Students self-reported sex assigned at birth, sexual orientation, gender identity, race/ethnicity, and presence of any race-, gender-, and sexual orientation-based bullying (MSS: past 30 days, CHKS: past 12 months). Exhaustive CHAID with a Bonferroni correction, a recommended approach for large, quantitative intersectionality research, was used for analyses. Exhaustive CHAID analyses identified a number of nodes of intersecting social positions with particularly high prevalences of bias-based bullying. Across both datasets, with varying timeframes and question wording, and all three forms of bias-based bullying, youth who identified as transgender, gender diverse, or were questioning their gender and also held other marginalized social positions were frequent targets of all forms of bias-based bullying. More work is needed to understand how systems of oppression work together to influence school-based bullying experiences. Effective prevention programs to improve the health of youth with marginalized social positions must acknowledge the complex and overlapping ways bias and stigma interact.

Measurement of the J/ψ Polarization with Respect to the Event Plane in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

We study the polarization of inclusive J/ψ produced in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV at the LHC in the dimuon channel, via the measurement of the angular distribution of its decay products. We perform the study in the rapidity region 2.5 Collapse

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First Measurement of Antideuteron Number Fluctuations at Energies Available at the Large Hadron Collider

The first measurement of event-by-event antideuteron number fluctuations in high energy heavy-ion collisions is presented. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity (|η|<0.8) as a function of collision centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV using the ALICE detector. A significant negative correlation between the produced antiprotons and antideuterons is observed in all collision centralities. The results are compared with a state-of-the-art coalescence calculation. While it describes the ratio of higher order cumulants of the antideuteron multiplicity distribution, it fails to describe quantitatively the magnitude of the correlation between antiproton and antideuteron production. On the other hand, thermal-statistical model calculations describe all the measured observables within uncertainties only for correlation volumes that are different with respect to those describing proton yields and a similar measurement of net-proton number fluctuations.

Enhanced Deuteron Coalescence Probability in Jets

The transverse-momentum (p_{T}) spectra and coalescence parameters B_{2} of (anti)deuterons are measured in p-p collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV for the first time in and out of jets. In this measurement, the direction of the leading particle with the highest p_{T} in the event (p_{T}^{lead}>5  GeV/c) is used as an approximation for the jet axis. The event is consequently divided into three azimuthal regions, and the jet signal is obtained as the difference between the toward region, that contains jet fragmentation products in addition to the underlying event (UE), and the transverse region, which is dominated by the UE. The coalescence parameter in the jet is found to be approximately a factor of 10 larger than that in the underlying event. This experimental observation is consistent with the coalescence picture and can be attributed to the smaller average phase-space distance between nucleons in the jet cone as compared with the underlying event. The results presented in this Letter are compared to predictions from a simple nucleon coalescence model, where the phase-space distributions of nucleons are generated using pythia8 with the Monash 2013 tuning, and to predictions from a deuteron production model based on ordinary nuclear reactions with parametrized energy-dependent cross sections tuned on data. The latter model is implemented in pythia8.3. Both models reproduce the observed large difference between in-jet and out-of-jet coalescence parameters, although the almost flat trend of the B_{2}^{Jet} is not reproduced by the models, which instead give a decreasing trend.

Pre-analytical sample handling standardization for reliable measurement of metabolites and lipids in LC-MS-based clinical research

The emerging disciplines of lipidomics and metabolomics show great potential for the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers, but appropriate pre-analytical sample-handling procedures are critical because several analytes are prone to ex vivo distortions during sample collection. To test how the intermediate storage temperature and storage period of plasma samples from K3EDTA whole-blood collection tubes affect analyte concentrations, we assessed samples from non-fasting healthy volunteers (n = 9) for a broad spectrum of metabolites, including lipids and lipid mediators, using a well-established LC-MS-based platform. We used a fold change-based approach as a relative measure of analyte stability to evaluate 489 analytes, employing a combination of targeted LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS screening. The concentrations of many analytes were found to be reliable, often justifying less strict sample handling; however, certain analytes were unstable, supporting the need for meticulous processing. We make four data-driven recommendations for sample-handling protocols with varying degrees of stringency, based on the maximum number of analytes and the feasibility of routine clinical implementation. These protocols also enable the simple evaluation of biomarker candidates based on their analyte-specific vulnerability to ex vivo distortions. In summary, pre-analytical sample handling has a major effect on the suitability of certain metabolites as biomarkers, including several lipids and lipid mediators. Our sample-handling recommendations will increase the reliability and quality of samples when such metabolites are necessary for routine clinical diagnosis.

Adolescent substance use at the intersections of foster care, sexual orientation and gender identity, racial/ethnic identity, and sex assigned at birth

BACKGROUND

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ) youth are overrepresented in foster care and report greater substance use during adolescence.

OBJECTIVE

Using an intersectional lens, the current study investigates differences in foster care placement and variation in substance use at the intersections of foster care and sexual orientation, gender identity, racial/ethnic identities, and sex assigned at birth.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS

A sample of 121,910 LGBTQ youth (grades 6-12) completed either the Minnesota Student Survey in 2019, the California Healthy Kids Survey from 2017 to 2019, or the 2017 LGBTQ National Teen Study.

METHODS

Youth reported their substance use in the past 30 days (alcohol, binge drinking, cigarette, marijuana), social positions (sexual orientation, gender identity, racial/ethnic identities, sex assigned at birth), living arrangement (foster care or not), and grade in school. Logistic regression was used to examine the main and interaction effects of foster care and social positions on youth substance use.

RESULTS

Results indicated significant differences in substance use at the intersection of foster care placement and youth social positions. Significant two-way interactions for foster care placement and social positions emerged predicting alcohol, binge drinking, and marijuana use.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings show that LGBTQ youth in foster care are at higher risk for substance use than those not in foster care. Particular support is needed for lesbian, gay, and questioning youth, transgender youth, LGBTQ youth assigned male at birth, and Asian or Pacific Islander LGBTQ youth in foster care.

1239 AGEING WELL IN FRAILTY: DEVELOPING A PRACTICAL MODEL FOR USE IN COMMUNITY PRACTICE TO IMPROVE PATIENT REPORTED WELLNESS

Introduction

Empowering patients to ‘age well’ (NHS England Long Term Plan, 2019) has become a key driver to meet the rising demand for healthcare. Despite a growing body of evidence regarding ageing well and the benefits of patient empowerment (Selman et al, 2017) and reducing demand on resources (Age UK, 2020), there remains confusion regarding applied meaning for the spectrum of older persons health. This research will consider expert view on the topic of ‘ageing well’ related to the predictable patterns of ageing. The aims of this study will be to develop a new interventional frailty stratification model to best meet the needs in advancing frailty.

Method

This research study will incorporate a systematic literature review alongside patient and carer focus groups to inform initial questionnaire design for a modified Delphi panel of mixed professional experts. The overall aim of undertaking rounds of questionnaire and subsequent survey will be to arrive at consensus expert view to fulfil the research aims of identifying a conceptual approach to be further tested in community clinical practice.

Results

The results of the study will inform a defined model of intervention to guide community practitioners in preventative care for frailty. Testing of the intervention will consider impact upon individuals, clinicians, and ongoing frailty trajectory.

Conclusion

At the time of the Autumn conference, the research study will be at recruitment stage for the modified Delphi panel. This abstract application is requesting support to share the background and progress to date with conference delegates to actively support a modified Delphi research process. The opportunity to showcase the study and network with participants to gauge interest in the ageing well research area would be a valued way to recruit an expert panel with the aim of improving care in this emerging and exciting aspect of older person’s care.

Radiation-induced electrophysiological remodelling in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes

Background

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) carries a relatively high risk of recurrence and significantly impacts patients' quality of life, despite state of the art treatment including antiarrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation. Cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment option for refractory VT. A marked reduction in VT episodes is observed within days of treating high-risk patients with a single fraction SBRT. The cellular mechanisms underlying the clinically demonstrated antiarrhythmic effect are still poorly understood. Radiation-induced fibrosis is observed several months after irradiation, suggesting other mechanisms that explain the immediate benefit of radiotherapy on the VT substrate.

Purpose

We hypothesized that early antiarrhythmic effects of single-fraction radiation are produced by direct molecular and functional electrophysiological changes, independent of fibrosis. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 20 Gy ionizing photon radiation on the electrophysiology of ventricular neonatal rat cardiomyocytes at time periods from 24 hours to 96 hours after irradiation.

Methods

Ventricular neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated, cultivated for 24 to 96 hours and then exposed to photon beam with a single dose of 20 Gy. Expression changes of ion channels, calcium handling proteins and structural proteins affecting cellular electrophysiology were assessed via RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Beat frequency was evaluated by video analysis and action potentials (APD) were recorded using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique in current-clamp mode. Intracellular calcium transients in Fura-2 AM loaded cardiomyocytes were recorded with an IonOptix recording system.

Results

Irradiation lead to significant changes in the mRNA and protein level of ion channels, with most distinct changes being observed 96h after radiation. Increased mRNA and protein expression of (Cav1.2) and of the potassium channels Kcnd3 (Kv4.3), Kcnh2 (Kv11.1), Kcnq1 (Kv7.1), Kcnk2 (K2P2.1) and Kcnj2 (Kir2.1) was observed. Additionally, Connexin 43 (Cx43) was upregulated. Irradiated cardiomyocytes showed a significant increase in beat rate over time. APD was significantly shortened, with a significantly increased upstroke velocity. Regarding calcium handling, significant upregulations of Ryr2 (RYR2) and Slc8a1 (NCX) transcript and protein level was detected. Additionally, calcium handling properties were altered.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that acute irradiation effects are associated with electrophysiological remodelling in cardiomyocytes. Changes of cellular ion channel expression and calcium homeostasis lead to normalization and shortening of heart-failure associated APD prolongation. These results reveal new insights into acute antiarrhythmic effects on cardiomyocytes after SBRT-therapy.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Sex-specific disparities in predictive factors of smoking cessation among smokers at high cardiovascular risk. Findings from a nationwide smoking cessation services cohort

Background

Tobacco use is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but smoking cessation (SC) reduces or even cancels the risk of CVD for both sex. Using data from the French national “Consultations de Dépendance Tabagique” (CDTnet) cohort, we aimed to determine the predictive factors of SC in men and women smokers at high cardiovascular (CV) risk (i.e. with a CV disease or risk factor).

Material and methods

Retrospective study from the French SC services CDT-net database. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, and ≥1 CV risk factor (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, arterial hypertension) or CVD (history of stroke, myocardial infarction or angina pectoris, peripheral arterial disease (PAD)). Smoking abstinence (≥28 consecutive days) was self-reported and confirmed by exhaled carbon monoxide &lt;10 ppm. Logistic regression assessed the association between SC and sociodemographic factors, medical characteristics and patients' smoking profile.

Results

Among the 246,364 subjects in the database, 15% (36,864) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. One month-abstinence was lower in women (52.6% (n=8,102) vs 55% (n=11,848) in men, p&lt;0.001). For both sex, smokers with the lowest abstinence rates were those with respiratory diseases (47% among women vs. 50% among men respectively), depression history (48% vs. 48%), anxiety or depression symptoms (49% vs 50%) use of anxiolytics/antidepressants, use of opioid substitution treatment, use of cannabis (42% vs 41%) and benefit less than 3 follow-up visits (36% vs 41%). Factors positively associated with SC in both sex were age &gt;65 years, having a degree, being employed, coming by self-initiation or by one's relatives, being overweight, having previous quit attempts, presenting with low nicotine dependence and being confident in achieving abstinence. Factors negatively associated with abstinence only in women but not in men was alcohol disorder. Finally, factors negatively associated with abstinence only in men but not in women were PAD, and tobacco-related cancers.

Conclusion

Our results from a large nationwide database suggest the relevance of differentiated management according to sex in smokers at high CV risk, given the major sex-specific disparities in factors associated with abstinence rates.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by IReSP and INCa through a call for doctoral grants launched in 2019.

Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is associated with atrial fibrillation and directly modulates electrophysiological properties of atrial cardiomyocytes

Background

Thyroid dysfunction has a strong association with cardiac arrhythmias. However, subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is often neglected in studies. SH is characterized by increased values of TSH and normal values of T3/T4. Recent studies indicate that high TSH levels are related to an increased incidence of cardiac electrical abnormalities, especially atrial fibrillation (AF).

Purpose

The present work aims to investigate direct effects of TSH on ion channel remodelling in cardiomyocytes and a possible causative role in the increased occurrence of arrhythmia in SH.

Methods

A retrospective monocentric study analysed medical records, ECGs and echocardiographies of 3134 patients between 2007 to 2020. Inclusion criteria comprised patient age ≥18 years, normal fT4, TSH values 4–75 mU/l and available ECGs. The patient cohort was divided into two groups based on current treatment recommendations for SH (TSH level 4–9.9 mU/l; 10–75 mU/l).

Direct effects on ion channel remodelling were analysed in HL-1 and neonatal cardiomyocytes with confirmed expression of TSH receptors. TSH concentrations of 15, 30, and 60 mU/l simulated different degrees of hypothyroidism. RT-qPCR analyses, western blots and immunofluorescence stainings were performed after incubation with respective TSH concentrations for 24h. In vitro video analyses of automatism in NRCM before and after TSH incubation were performed.

Statistical comparisons were calculated using student's t-tests and the chi-square test. In addition, a multivariate analysis of factors affecting the occurrence of AF in patients with SH was carried out.

Results

Elevated TSH levels were associated with higher prevalence of AF. In the group of patients with a TSH value of 10–75 mU/l, AF was observed in 42.8% of cases compared to 31.7% in patients with lower TSH levels (p&lt;0.0001). In vitro, TSH application to cardiomyocytes led to significant changes in mRNA and protein expression of key ion channels and regulatory proteins. Incubation of HL-1 cells with 15 mU/l TSH showed a decrease in Kcne1 protein, while 60 mU/l TSH caused an upregulation of K2P3.1 (TASK-1), Kv7.1, and KCa2.1 expression. To further elucidate the TSH signaling cascade in cardiomyocytes, we investigated TSH effects on PKAα, CaMKIIδ and CaMKIIγ. PKAα was upregulated after 24h incubation with 60 mU/l TSH and exhibited an increase of the phosphorylated state. Finally, neonatal cardiomyocytes showed an increased beating rate after incubation with TSH.

Conclusion

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is significantly increased in patients with SH. Our findings further reveal a direct effect of TSH on ion channel expression in cardiomyocytes as potential proarrhythmic mechanism. TSH induced changes in the expression of ion channels that determine action potential duration. Subclinical hypothyroidism contributes to the development of atrial fibrillation. Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications require further research.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Heidelberg University Medical School - Olympia Morata

Identification of factors associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery diseases. Findings from a large nationwide cohort of smoking cessation services

 

In patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) (i.e. prior myocardial infarction (MI) or angina), smoking cessation (SC) is a major prevention goal. From a large French national database of SC services, we aimed to describe social, medical and smoking characteristics, as well as predictive factors of SC in men and women with CAD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of smokers with CAD who visited a SC service and were included in the nationwide database of SC services (CDTnet). Endpoint was the abstinence rate, defined as SC maintained for at least 28 consecutive days, confirmed by an exhaled carbon monoxide &lt;10 ppm.

Results

Among the 4,532 smokers with CAD (myocardial infarction and angina), 21% (948) were women. The mean age was 55 years in both sexes. Two-thirds had consulted after a hospital contact and nearly half (45%) smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day. Compared to men, women presented more often with anxio-depression symptoms (57% vs 41%) and respiratory diseases (38% vs 28%), were less educated (65% vs 73% had at least one degree), suffered less often from other cardiovascular diseases such as stroke or peripheral arterial disease (16% vs 21%) and much lower rate of alcohol misuse (9% vs 25%). Finally, 82% of smokers received Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) at the first consultation. The abstinence rate achieved was similar in women and men (54%). Factors positively associated with SC in women were: having more than one previous quit attempt, having a level of education ≥ first secondary school diploma) (OR=1.42; CI95% [1.04–1.95]) and using an electronic cigarette at the first consultation (OR=2.74; CI95% [1.22–6.58]). In men, these factors were: being employed (OR=1.25; CI95% [1.08–1.45]), declaring high confidence in quitting (OR=1.24; CI95% [1.07–1.44]) and using NRT (OR=1.41; CI95% [1.13–1.74]). Psychiatric or respiratory diseases were negatively associated with SC in both men and women. In men, the factors negatively associated with SC were: smoking at home, having diabetes, using cannabis and presenting with high nicotine dependence. Among women, living with a smoker hampered SC.

Conclusion

Our findings on a large nationwide cohort from SC services showed that in smokers with prior MI or angina, it is important to take into account comorbidities, particularly psychiatric and respiratory disorders, in order to improve smoking cessation rates.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by IReSP and INCa through a call for doctoral grants launched in 2019

Measurements of multiple heat flux components at the divertor target by using surface eroding thermocouples (invited)

The Surface Eroding Thermocouple (SETC) is a robust diagnostic utilized in DIII-D to provide fast, edge-localized modes (ELMs) resolved heat flux measurements, in particular in geometric regions that are too shadowed for traditional infrared thermography. In order to further investigate the power dissipation in the divertor region, a combination of flush-mounted and recessed SETCs was developed to assess the effect on surface heating from non-charged particles at the divertor target. Utilizing the Divertor Materials Evaluation System sample exposure platform, the first demonstration of the feasibility of using this new method to distinguish between the heat flux from charged particles and that from neutrals and radiative heating was achieved. This paper details the process of using the combination of flush SETCs and recessed SETCs to measure the multiple heat flux components at the divertor target and further discusses how to determine two important ratios, α (ratio of heat flux from charged particles deposit on recessed SETC to that deposit on flush SETC) and β (ratio of heat flux from non-charged particles deposit on recessed SETC to that deposit on flush SETC), in the estimation of the heat flux from non-charged particle sources. Using a time dependent ratio α, it was found that ∼50% of the total incident heat flux is attributable to the non-charged particles in the fully detached open divertor in DIII-D. Finally, the new application of similar SETC diagnostics in the Small Angle Slot divertor with a V-like configuration and partial tungsten coated surface (SAS-VW) is also introduced.

[Alcohol and atrial fibrillation]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder, with an increasing prevalence, currently estimated at 3 % of the world population. It has long been well known, as the holiday heart syndrome, that acute alcohol consumption (binge drinking) may trigger an episode of AF, most often benign, during or immediately after consumption. Meta-analyses of observational studies have clearly shown a significant association between a high level of alcohol consumption and the risk of AF. According to the studies included in meta-analyses, the conclusions may differ regarding the association between low and moderate levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of AF. The association probably only exists from a level of consumption of at least one drink per day. Heavy alcohol consumption appears to increase the risk of complications in patients with AF, while light or moderate alcohol consumption does not. The causal nature of the relationship between alcohol consumption and AF cannot currently be confirmed or denied, given the contradictory results of Mendelian randomization studies published to date. However, in patients diagnosed with AF, the recommendation to abstain from alcohol, resulting in a strong reduction in consumption, made it possible to significantly reduce the recurrence of AF episodes.

Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

BACKGROUND

Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications.

METHODS

We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC).

FINDINGS

In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683-0·717]).

INTERPRETATION

In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required.

FUNDING

British Journal of Surgery Society.

Hypertriton Production in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of _{Λ}^{3}H in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV is presented in this Letter. Its production yield measured in the rapidity interval -1<y<0 for the 40% highest-multiplicity p-Pb collisions is dN/dy=[6.3±1.8(stat)±1.2(syst)]×10^{-7}. The measurement is compared with the expectations of statistical hadronization and coalescence models, which describe the nucleosynthesis in hadronic collisions. These two models predict very different yields of the hypertriton in charged particle multiplicity environments relevant to small collision systems such as p-Pb, and therefore the measurement of dN/dy is crucial to distinguish between them. The precision of this measurement leads to the exclusion with a significance larger than 6.9σ of some configurations of the statistical hadronization model, thus constraining the theory behind the production of loosely bound states at hadron colliders.

Post-mortem changes of prostanoid concentrations in tissues of mice: Impact of fast cervical dislocation and dissection delay

Prostanoids are potent lipid mediators involved in a wide variety of physiological functions like blood pressure regulation or inflammation as well as cardiovascular and malign diseases. Elucidation of their modes of action is mainly carried out in pre-clinical animal models by quantifying prostanoids in tissues of interest. Unfortunately, prostanoids are prone to post-mortem artifact formation and de novo synthesis can already be caused by external stimuli during the euthanasia of animals like prolonged hypercapnia or ischemia. Therefore, this study investigates the suitability and impact of fast cervical dislocation for the determination of prostanoids (6-keto-PGF_1α, TXB₂, PGF_2α, PGD₂, PGE₂) in seven tissues of mice (spinal cord, brain, sciatic nerve, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen) to minimize time-dependent effects and approximate physiological concentrations. Tissues were dissected in a standardized sequence directly or after 10 min to investigate the influence of dissection delays. The enzyme inhibitor indomethacin (10 µM) in combination with low processing temperatures was employed to preserve prostanoid concentrations during sample preparation. Quantification of prostanoids was performed via LC-MS/MS. This study shows, that prostanoids are differentially susceptible to post-mortem artifact formation which is closely connected to their physiological function and metabolic stability in the respective tissues. Prostanoids in the brain, spinal cord, and kidney that are not involved in the regulatory response post-mortem, i.e. blood flow regulation (6-keto-PGF_1α, PGE₂, PGF_2α) showed high reproducibility even after dissection delay and could be assessed after fast cervical dislocation if prerequisites like standardized pre-analytical workflows with immediate dissection and inhibition of residual enzymatic activity are in place. However, in tissues with high metabolic activity (liver, lung) more stable prostanoid metabolites should be used. Moreover, prostanoids in the spleen were strongly affected by dissection delays and presumably the method of euthanasia itself.

Cryoballoon-ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK)

Background

Co-existence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is common and severely affects morbidity and prognosis.

Purpose

This study evaluates outcome after cryoballoon-ablation for AF in HFpEF compared to patients without heart failure employing multiple diagnostic modalities.

Methods

A total of 102 patients scheduled for cryoablation of AF with LVEF≥50% were prospectively enrolled. Baseline evaluation included echocardiography, stress echocardiography, six-minute-walk-test, biomarker measurements and quality of life assessment (SF-36). HFpEF was diagnosed according to current guidelines and confirmed applying the HFA-PEFF-Score. Procedural parameters as well as clinical, functional and echocardiographic endpoints at follow-up ≥12 months after AF-ablation were compared between patients with and without HFpEF.

Results

Patients with HFpEF (n=24) were older (median: 73.5 years [Q25: 66.5 years; Q75: 75.8 years] vs. 64.5 years [Q25: 55.0 years; Q75: 71.3 years], P&lt;0.001) and more often female (83.3% vs. 28.2%). They were characterized by more pronounced AF-related symptoms (median EHRA-score: 3.0 [Q25:3.0; Q75:3.0] vs. 2.0 [Q25: 2.0; Q75: 3.0], P&lt;0.001), reduced distance in six-minute-walk-test (median 487.5m [Q25: 378.1m; Q75: 517.8m] vs. 539.0m [Q25: 489.3m; Q75:589.1 m], P&lt;0.001), and higher mean left atrial (LA)-pressure measured at the needle tip at transseptal puncture (14.0mmHg [Q25: 10.3mmHg; Q75: 21.5mmHg] vs. 10.0 mmHg [Q25: 8.0mmHg; Q75: 13.3mmHg], P=0.008). Procedural parameters were comparable between the two subgroups. Rates of AF-recurrence, repeat AF-ablation and AF-related re-hospitalization were increased in HFpEF (Figure 1A-C), which was confirmed after adjusting for intergroup differences in sex and age distribution by multiple regression analysis. There was no improvement of heart failure-related symptoms and persistent elevation of cardiac biomarkers, even in HFpEF-patients with successful restoration of sinus rhythm at follow-up (Figure 2A-C). Echocardiographic follow-up showed progression of adverse LA-remodeling (LA-volume index at baseline: 35.8ml/m2 [Q25: 32.2ml/m2; Q75: 41.9ml/m2] vs. 12-month follow-up: 40.5ml/m2 [Q25: 36.0ml/m2; Q75: 51.4ml/m2], P=0.017) and no improvement in diastolic function in HFpEF (E/e’ at baseline: 9.7 [Q25: 7.8; Q75: 12.1] vs 12-month follow-up: 10.2 [Q25: 8.4; Q75: 11.8], P=0.874), in particular in patients with HFpEF and AF-recurrence. Quality of life improved in patients without HFpEF in both physical and mental summary scales, however, no beneficial effect was seen in HFpEF.

Conclusion

Patients with HFpEF constitute a distinct subgroup with an elevated risk for arrhythmia recurrence after cryoablation of AF. Functional hallmarks and heart-failure related symptoms of HFpEF persisted in our cohort, irrespective of rhythm-status at follow-up. Future research is needed to optimize tailored treatment strategies in HFpEF.

Polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=5.02 TeV

The polarization of the Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam (z) direction, P_{z}, has been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV recorded with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main contribution to P_{z} comes from elliptic flow-induced vorticity and can be characterized by the second Fourier sine coefficient P_{z,s2}=⟨P_{z}sin(2φ-2Ψ_{2})⟩, where φ is the hyperon azimuthal emission angle and Ψ_{2} is the elliptic flow plane angle. We report the measurement of P_{z,s2} for different collision centralities and in the 30%-50% centrality interval as a function of the hyperon transverse momentum and rapidity. The P_{z,s2} is positive similarly as measured by the STAR Collaboration in Au-Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV, with somewhat smaller amplitude in the semicentral collisions. This is the first experimental evidence of a nonzero hyperon P_{z} in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The comparison of the measured P_{z,s2} with the hydrodynamic model calculations shows sensitivity to the competing contributions from thermal and the recently found shear-induced vorticity, as well as to whether the polarization is acquired at the quark-gluon plasma or the hadronic phase.

Measurement of the Groomed Jet Radius and Momentum Splitting Fraction in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

This article presents groomed jet substructure measurements in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV with the ALICE detector. The soft drop grooming algorithm provides access to the hard parton splittings inside a jet by removing soft wide-angle radiation. We report the groomed jet momentum splitting fraction, z_{g}, and the (scaled) groomed jet radius, θ_{g}. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed at midrapidity using the anti-k_{T} algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2 and R=0.4. In heavy-ion collisions, the large underlying event poses a challenge for the reconstruction of groomed jet observables, since fluctuations in the background can cause groomed parton splittings to be misidentified. By using strong grooming conditions to reduce this background, we report these observables fully corrected for detector effects and background fluctuations for the first time. A narrowing of the θ_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is seen, which provides direct evidence of the modification of the angular structure of jets in the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification of the z_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is observed. These results are compared with a variety of theoretical models of jet quenching, and provide constraints on jet energy-loss mechanisms and coherence effects in the quark-gluon plasma.

Measurement of Prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. This is the first measurement of Σ_{c}^{0,++} production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}/D^{0} and Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} are calculated in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) intervals 2<p_{T}<12 and 1<p_{T}<24  GeV/c. Values significantly larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the Σ_{c}. The feed-down contribution to Λ_{c}^{+} production from Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} is also reported and is found to be larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.

Pre-analytical challenges for the quantification of endocannabinoids in human serum

Endocannabinoids (ECs) are potent lipid mediators with high physiological relevance. They are involved in a wide variety of diseases like depression or multiple sclerosis and are closely connected to metabolic parameters in humans. Therefore, their suitability as a biomarker in different (patho-)physiological conditions is discussed intensively and predominantly investigated by analyzing systemic concentrations in easily accessible matrices like blood. Carefully designed pre-analytical sample handling is of major importance for high-quality data, but harmonization is not achieved yet. Whole blood is either processed to serum or plasma before the onset of analytical workflows and while knowledge about pre-analytical challenges in plasma handling is thorough they were not systematically investigated for serum. Therefore, the ECs AEA and 2-AG, and closely related EC-like substances 1-AG, DHEA, and PEA were examined by LC-MS/MS in serum samples of nine healthy volunteers employing different pre-analytical sample handling protocols, including prolonged coagulation, and storage after centrifugation at room temperature (RT) or on ice. Furthermore, all analytes were also assessed in plasma samples obtained from the same individuals at the same time points to investigate the comparability between those two blood-based matrices regarding obtained concentrations and their 2-AG/1-AG ratio. This study shows that ECs and EC-like substances in serum samples were significantly higher than in plasma and are especially prone to ex vivo changes during initial and prolonged storage for coagulation at RT. Storage on ice after centrifugation is less critical. However, storage at RT further increases 1-AG and 2-AG concentrations, while also lowering the already reduced 2-AG/1-AG ratio due to isomerization. Thus, avoidance of prolonged processing at RT can increase data quality if serum as the matrix of choice is unavoidable. However, serum preparation in itself is expected to initiate changes of physiological concentrations as standard precautionary measures like fast and cooled processing can only be utilized by using plasma, which should be the preferred matrix for analyses of ECs and EC-like substances.

Measurement of the Cross Sections of Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The p_{T}-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ_{c}^{0} baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}) and the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}) channels. The Ξ_{c}^{+} baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}π^{+}) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})=1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence of the Ξ_{c}^{0}- and Ξ_{c}^{+}-baryon production relative to the D^{0} meson and to the Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}- and Λ_{c}^{+}-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low p_{T} up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e^{+}e^{-}) and hadronic collisions.

Λ_{c}^{+} Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC

The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ_{c}^{+} and the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} ratio with increasing transverse momentum (p_{T}) in both collision systems in the range 2<p_{T}<12  GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K_{S}^{0}. At low p_{T}, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e^{+}e^{-} and e^{-}p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this Letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.

Adherence to Choosing Wisely Campaign Guidelines at Three Health Systems

Introduction/Objective

With rising healthcare costs in the United States, there has been a push for lab stewardship to improve the quality of patient care while reducing costs. To optimize the use of clinical laboratory testing, the ASCP working with other medical specialty organizations, developed the Choosing Wisely Campaign to promulgate evidence-based guidelines to optimize clinical laboratory testing.

Methods/Case Report

We examined adherence to three Choosing Wisely guidelines over a four-year period (2017- 2020), through queries of internal cost accounting databases to return aggregate volumes as well as variable and total costs at three large academic health systems. We measured concurrent orders for: 1) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with C-reactive protein (CRP), 2) serum/plasma amylase with lipase, and 3) free thyroxine (FT4) and/or total triiodothyronine (TT3) with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) when the TSH is within the reference range (using an frequency estimate of 85% based on other studies). We also examined another guideline for concurrent orders for serum aldolase with creatine kinase (CK). We also quantified aggregate variable costs for the non-recommended test in each Choosing Wisely guideline (amylase, ESR, FT4 and/or TT3), and for serum aldolase when ordered with CK.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

Over the four-year period, there were 322,853 unnecessary tests based on these four guidelines (120,587 ESR and CRP, 30,444 amylase and lipase, 164,818 FT4 and/or TT3 with TSH, and 7,004 aldolase). Overall, unnecessary testing decreased between 2017 and 2020 for amylase with lipase, remained essentially unchanged for aldolase, and increased for the other two test guideline scenarios. The largest changes were concurrent orders for amylase and lipase at one health system (38% decrease), and orders for TT3 with a normal TSH result at another health system (324% increase). The four-year variable cost of these unnecessary tests was $1,215,309 ($303,827 mean annual cost), resulting in potential annual variable cost savings of $101,276 for each health system for the four guidelines we examined. Variable costs for unnecessary testing increased by 16.5% ($45,571) over the four-year period.

Conclusion

Guideline-based unnecessary testing remains as a target to improve laboratory diagnostic testing. There is potential to realize significant achievable cost savings if guidelines are implemented and maintained.

Experimental Evidence for an Attractive p-ϕ Interaction

This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a ϕ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-ϕ⊕ p[over ¯]-ϕ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-ϕ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-ϕ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-ϕ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-ϕ coupling constant is found to be g_{N-ϕ}=0.14±0.03(stat)±0.02(syst). This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-ϕ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.

Specific risk factors profile and abstinence rate of female smokers at high cardiovascular risk from the nationwide smoking cessation services cohort CDT-net

Background

In women, smoking is particularly harmful to the cardiovascular (CV) system, and smoking cessation (SC) is a key issue for CV prevention.

Objectives

From a large nationwide database on subjects who visited SC services between 2001 and 2018, we aimed to describe the profile and abstinence rate among female smokers at high CV risk.

Methods

Observational study from the French CS services cohort CDT-net. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, and ≥1 CV risk factor (i.e. body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, history of stroke, myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. Abstinence (≥28 consecutive days) was self-reported, and confirmed by measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide &lt;10 ppm.

Results

Among 37,949 smokers, 16,492 (43.5%) were women. Compared to men, women were 3-y younger (48 vs 51 y, p&lt;0.001) and more educated (≥ Bachelor degree: 55 vs 45%, p&lt;0.001). The burden of CV risk factors was high in women and men: hypercholesterolemia (30% vs 33% p&lt;0.001), hypertension (23% vs 26%, p&lt;0.001) and diabetes (10 vs 13%, p&lt;0.001). Compared to men, women suffered more often from obesity (27 vs 20%, p&lt;0.001), respiratory diseases (COPD: 24% vs 21%, p&lt;0.001; asthma: 16 vs 9%, p&lt;0.001) and anxio-depressive symptoms (37.5 vs 26.5%, p&lt;0.001). Although women were less nicotine dependent than men, their abstinence rate was lower (52 vs 55%, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion

Female smokers who visited SC services not only presented very high CV risk profile, but also elevated rates of lung diseases and anxio-depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the need to strengthen CV prevention strategies, through comprehensive gender-tailored SC interventions.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): IReSP and INCa through a call for doctoral grants launched in 2019

562 Biopsy of Localised Renal Masses Offers High Diagnostic Yield and Low Complication Rate in Patients with Suspicious Renal Masses

Aim

Biopsy of localised renal masses is generally accurate at detecting benign or malignant histology but can cause complications. The aim of this study was to determine the detection rate and complication rate of renal mass biopsies.

Method

Patients undergoing a renal mass biopsy at a single tertiary centre between January 2015 and December 2019 were identified electronically using a prospective database. Details about their biopsies were recorded including tumour size, radiological guidance, number of cores, longest margin of biopsy, accuracy of biopsy, histology type, and complications.

Results

This study included 334 biopsies (Median age 68 years (IQR 60-72); 61.4% (n = 204) male). Median size of tumour was 30mm (IQR 25-50) and 79.9% (n = 267) were solid masses. The biopsies were done under ultrasound (78.4%) or computed tomography (21.6%) guidance. 91.9% had core biopsies (n = 307) with median biopsy margin of 14mm (IQR 9-21). Benign histology was observed in 18.9% (n = 63), malignant in 72.1% (n = 241) while biopsy was non-diagnostic in 9.0% (n = 30). 62.6% (n = 209) of the cases were renal cell carcinoma with clear cell subtype more commonly seen (72.2%, n = 151). Complications following biopsy included haematoma (n = 7, 2.1%), haemorrhage (n = 3, 0.9%), pneumothorax (n = 1, 0.3%) and vasovagal episode (n = 1, 0.3%), resulting in an overall complication rate of 3.6%.

Conclusions

Biopsy of localised renal masses in this study showed a detection rate of 91% and complication rate of 3.6%. This study suggests renal mass biopsies have high diagnostic yield and low complication rate.