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Mohammad S, Karim MR, Iqbal S, Lee JH, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DU, Yang DC. Atopic dermatitis: Pathophysiology, microbiota, and metabolome - A comprehensive review. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127595. [PMID: 38218095 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition that commonly occurs in children. Genetics, environment, and defects in the skin barrier are only a few of the factors that influence how the disease develops. As human microbiota research has advanced, more scientific evidence has shown the critical involvement of the gut and skin bacteria in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Microbiome dysbiosis, defined by changed diversity and composition, as well as the development of pathobionts, has been identified as a potential cause for recurring episodes of atopic dermatitis. Gut dysbiosis causes "leaky gut syndrome" by disrupting the epithelial lining of the gut, which allows bacteria and other endotoxins to enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation. The same is true for the disruption of cutaneous homeostasis caused by skin dysbiosis, which enables bacteria and other pathogens to reach deeper skin layers or even systemic circulation, resulting in inflammation. Furthermore, it is now recognized that the gut and skin microbiota releases both beneficial and toxic metabolites. Here, this review covers a range of topics related to AD, including its pathophysiology, the microbiota-AD connection, commonly used treatments, and the significance of metabolomics in AD prevention, treatment, and management, recognizing its potential in providing valuable insights into the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated by Rajshahi University, Natore, Rajshahi 6400, Bangladesh
| | - Jung Hyeok Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Morshed MN, Akter R, Karim MR, Iqbal S, Kang SC, Yang DC. Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2320-2342. [PMID: 38534764 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare ginsenoside compound K (CK) is an intestinal microbial metabolite with a low natural abundance that is primarily produced by physicochemical processing, side chain modification, or metabolic transformation in the gut. Moreover, CK exhibits potent biological activity compared to primary ginsenosides, which has raised concerns in the field of ginseng research and development, as well as ginsenoside-related dietary supplements and natural products. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are generally used as a substrate to generate CK via several bioconversion processes. Current research shows that CK has a wide range of pharmacological actions, including boosting osteogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, insulin resistance, and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties. Further research on the bioavailability and toxicology of CK can advance its medicinal application. The purpose of this review is to lay the groundwork for future clinical studies and the development of CK as a therapy for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the toxicology and pharmacology of CK are investigated as well in this review. The findings indicate that CK primarily modulates signaling pathways associated with AMPK, SIRT1, PPARs, WNTs, and NF-kB. It also demonstrates a positive therapeutic effect of CK on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and its complications, as well as osteoporosis. Additionally, the analogues of CK showed more bioavailability, less toxicity, and more efficacy against disease states. Enhancing bioavailability and regulating hazardous variables are crucial for its use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Niaj Morshed
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Reshmi Akter
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
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Morshed MN, Karim MR, Akter R, Iqbal S, Mathiyalagan R, Ahn JC, Yang DC, Song JH, Kang SC, Yang DU. Potential of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Treating Osteoporosis and Obesity: A Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942899. [PMID: 38509819 PMCID: PMC10938863 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbial metabolites demonstrate significant activity against metabolic diseases including osteoporosis (OP) and obesity, but active compounds, targets, and mechanisms have not been fully identified. Hence, the current investigation explored the mechanisms of active metabolites and targets against OP and obesity by using network pharmacology approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gutMGene database was used to collect gut microbial targets-associated metabolites; DisGeNET and OMIM databases were used to identify targets relevant to OP and obesity. A total of 63 and 89 overlapped targets were considered the final OP and obesity targets after creating a Venn diagram of metabolites-related targets and disease-related targets. Furthermore, the top 20% of degrees, betweenness, and closeness were used to form the sub-network of protein-protein interaction of these targets. Finally, the biotransformation-increased receptors and biological mechanisms were identified and validated using ADMET properties analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation. RESULTS GO, KEGG pathway analysis, and protein-protein interactions were performed to establish metabolites and target networks. According to the enrichment analysis, OP and obesity are highly linked to the lipid and atherosclerosis pathways. Moreover, ADMET analysis depicts that the major metabolites have drug-likeliness activity and no or less toxicity. Following that, the molecular docking studies showed that compound K and TP53 target have a remarkable negative affinity (-8.0 kcal/mol) among all metabolites and targets for both diseases. Finally, the conformity of compound K against the targeted protein TP53 was validated by 250ns MD simulation. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we summarized that compound K can regulate TP53 and could be developed as a therapy option for OP and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Niaj Morshed
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Md. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Reshmi Akter
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Hanbangbio Inc., Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Joong Hyun Song
- Department of Veterinary International Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- AIBIOME, Daejeon, South Korea
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Karim MR, Iqbal S, Mohammad S, Morshed MN, Haque MA, Mathiyalagan R, Yang DC, Kim YJ, Song JH, Yang DU. Butyrate's (a short-chain fatty acid) microbial synthesis, absorption, and preventive roles against colorectal and lung cancer. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:137. [PMID: 38436734 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon, is a source of energy for colonocytes. Butyrate is essential for improving gastrointestinal (GI) health since it helps colonocyte function, reduces inflammation, preserves the gut barrier, and fosters a balanced microbiome. Human colonic butyrate producers are Gram-positive firmicutes, which are phylogenetically varied. The two most prevalent subgroups are associated with Eubacterium rectale/Roseburia spp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Now, the mechanism for the production of butyrate from microbes is a very vital topic to know. In the present study, we discuss the genes encoding the core of the butyrate synthesis pathway and also discuss the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase, instead of butyrate kinase, which usually appears to be the enzyme that completes the process. Recently, butyrate-producing microbes have been genetically modified by researchers to increase butyrate synthesis from microbes. The activity of butyrate as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) has led to several clinical trials to assess its effectiveness as a potential cancer treatment. Among various significant roles, butyrate is the main energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, which helps maintain colonic homeostasis. Moreover, people with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have distinct gut microbiota from healthy adults and frequently have dysbiosis of the butyrate-producing bacteria in their guts. So, with an emphasis on colon and lung cancer, this review also discusses how the microbiome is crucial in preventing the progression of certain cancers through butyrate production. Further studies should be performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of how these specific butyrate-producing bacteria can control both colon and lung cancer progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated University of Rajshahi, Natore, 6400, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Md Niaj Morshed
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Md Anwarul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Hanbangbio Inc., Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Joong Hyun Song
- Department of Veterinary International Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, 17104, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
- AIBIOME, 6, Jeonmin-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Karim MR, Morshed MN, Iqbal S, Mohammad S, Mathiyalagan R, Yang DC, Kim YJ, Song JH, Yang DU. A Network Pharmacology and Molecular-Docking-Based Approach to Identify the Probable Targets of Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Microbial Metabolites against Kidney Cancer and Inflammation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1678. [PMID: 38002360 PMCID: PMC10669250 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A large and diverse microbial population exists in the human intestinal tract, which supports gut homeostasis and the health of the host. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-secreting microbes also generate several metabolites with favorable regulatory effects on various malignancies and immunological inflammations. The involvement of intestinal SCFAs in kidney diseases, such as various kidney malignancies and inflammations, has emerged as a fascinating area of study in recent years. However, the mechanisms of SCFAs and other metabolites produced by SCFA-producing bacteria against kidney cancer and inflammation have not yet been investigated. (2) Methods: We considered 177 different SCFA-producing microbial species and 114 metabolites from the gutMgene database. Further, we used different online-based database platforms to predict 1890 gene targets associated with metabolites. Moreover, DisGeNET, OMIM, and Genecard databases were used to consider 13,104 disease-related gene targets. We used a Venn diagram and various protein-protein interactions (PPIs), KEGG pathways, and GO analyses for the functional analysis of gene targets. Moreover, the subnetwork of protein-protein interactions (through string and cytoscape platforms) was used to select the top 20% of gene targets through degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality. To screen the possible candidate compounds, we performed an analysis of the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties of metabolites and then found the best binding affinity using molecular docking simulation. (3) Results: Finally, we found the key gene targets that interact with suitable compounds and function against kidney cancer and inflammation, such as MTOR (with glycocholic acid), PIK3CA (with 11-methoxycurvularin, glycocholic acid, and isoquercitrin), IL6 (with isoquercitrin), PTGS2 (with isoquercitrin), and IGF1R (with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine, isoquercitrin), showed a lower binding affinity. (4) Conclusions: This study provides evidence to support the positive effects of SCFA-producing microbial metabolites that function against kidney cancer and inflammation and makes integrative research proposals that may be used to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Niaj Morshed
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated University of Rajshahi, Natore, Rajshahi 6400, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.); (Y.J.K.)
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.); (Y.J.K.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- Hanbangbio Inc., Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.); (Y.J.K.)
| | - Joon Hyun Song
- Department of Veterinary International Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- AIBIOME, 6, Jeonmin-ro 30beon-gil, Yuseong-gu 34052, Republic of Korea
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Xu F, Valappil AK, Mathiyalagan R, Tran TNA, Ramadhania ZM, Awais M, Yang DC. In Vitro Cultivation and Ginsenosides Accumulation in Panax ginseng: A Review. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3165. [PMID: 37687411 PMCID: PMC10489967 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of in vitro tissue culture for herbal medicines has been recognized as a valuable source of botanical secondary metabolites. The tissue culture of ginseng species is used in the production of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, polysaccharides, and especially ginsenosides, which are utilized in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This review paper focuses on the in vitro culture of Panax ginseng and accumulation of ginsenosides. In vitro culture has been applied to study organogenesis and biomass culture, and is involved in direct organogenesis for rooting and shooting from explants and in indirect morphogenesis for somatic embryogenesis via the callus, which is a mass of disorganized cells. Biomass production was conducted with different types of tissue cultures, such as adventitious roots, cell suspension, and hairy roots, and subsequently on a large scale in a bioreactor. This review provides the cumulative knowledge of biotechnological methods to increase the ginsenoside resources of P. ginseng. In addition, ginsenosides are summarized at enhanced levels of activity and content with elicitor treatment, together with perspectives of new breeding tools which can be developed in P. ginseng in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Xu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Anjali Kariyarath Valappil
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (A.K.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (A.K.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Tran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Zelika Mega Ramadhania
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (F.X.); (T.N.A.T.); (Z.M.R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (A.K.V.); (R.M.)
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Boopathi V, Nahar J, Murugesan M, Subramaniyam S, Kong BM, Choi SK, Lee CS, Ling L, Yang DU, Yang DC, Mathiyalagan R, Chan Kang S. In silico and in vitro inhibition of host-based viral entry targets and cytokine storm in COVID-19 by ginsenoside compound K. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19341. [PMID: 37809955 PMCID: PMC10558348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged as an epidemic, causing a respiratory disease with multiple severe symptoms and deadly consequences. ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 play crucial and synergistic roles in the membrane fusion and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE-2 receptor for viral entry, while TMPRSS2 proteolytically cleaves the S protein into S1 and S2 subunits, promoting membrane fusion. Therefore, ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 are potential drug targets for treating COVID-19, and their inhibition is a promising strategy for treatment and prevention. This study proposes that ginsenoside compound K (G-CK), a triterpenoid saponin abundant in Panax Ginseng, a dietary and medicinal herb highly consumed in Korea and China, effectively binds to and inhibits ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 expression. We initially conducted an in-silico evaluation where G-CK showed a high affinity for the binding sites of the two target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we evaluated the stability of G-CK using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 100 ns, followed by MM-PBSA calculations. The MD simulations and free energy calculations revealed that G-CK has stable and favorable energies, leading to strong binding with the targets. Furthermore, G-CK suppressed ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in A549, Caco-2, and MCF7 cells at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL and in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 6.5 μg/mL, without significant cytotoxicity.ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression were significantly lower in A549 and RAW 264.7 cells following G-CK treatment. These findings suggest that G-CK may evolve as a promising therapeutic against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Boopathi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Mohanapriya Murugesan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | | | - Byoung Man Kong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Choi
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd, 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32718 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soon Lee
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd, 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32718 Republic of Korea
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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Balusamy SR, Perumalsamy H, Huq MA, Yoon TH, Mijakovic I, Thangavelu L, Yang DC, Rahimi S. A comprehensive and systemic review of ginseng-based nanomaterials: Synthesis, targeted delivery, and biomedical applications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1374-1410. [PMID: 36939049 DOI: 10.1002/med.21953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Among 17 Panax species identified across the world, Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (Chinese ginseng) are highly recognized for the presence of bioactive compound, ginsenosides and their pharmacological effects. P. ginseng is widely used for synthesis of different types of nanoparticles compared to P. quinquefolius and P. notoginseng. The use of nano-ginseng could increase the oral bioavailability, membrane permeability, and thus provide effective delivery of ginsenosides to the target sites through transport system. In this review, we explore the synthesis of ginseng nanoparticles using plant extracts from various organs, microbes, and polymers, as well as their biomedical applications. Furthermore, we highlight transporters involved in transport of ginsenoside nanoparticles to the target sites. Size, zeta potential, temperature, and pH are also discussed as the critical parameters affecting the quality of ginseng nanoparticles synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Awais M, Akter R, Boopathi V, Ahn JC, Lee JH, Mathiyalagan R, Kwak GY, Rauf M, Yang DC, Lee GS, Kim YJ, Jung SK. Discrimination of Dendropanax morbifera via HPLC fingerprinting and SNP analysis and its impact on obesity by modulating adipogenesis- and thermogenesis-related genes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1168095. [PMID: 37621738 PMCID: PMC10446900 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1168095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendropanax morbifera (DM), a medicinal plant, is rich in polyphenols and commonly used to treat cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. However, to date, no study has been conducted on DM regarding the enormous drift of secondary metabolites of plants in different regions of the Republic of Korea and their effects on antiobesity, to explore compounds that play an important role in two major obesity-related pathways. Here, we present an in-depth study on DM samples collected from three regions of the Republic of Korea [Jeju Island (DMJ), Bogildo (DMB), and Jangheung (DMJG)]. We used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and multivariate component analyses to analyze polyphenol contents (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and rutin), followed by discrimination of the samples in DMJG using single nucleotide polymorphism and chemometric analysis. In silico and in vitro evaluation of major compounds found in the plant extract on two major anti-obesity pathways (adipogenesis and thermogenesis) was carried out. Furthermore, two extraction methods (Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction) were used to understand which method is better and why. Upon quantifying plant samples in three regions with the polyphenols, DMJG had the highest content of polyphenols. The internal transcribed region (ITS) revealed a specific gel-based band for the authentication of DMJG. PCA and PLS-DA revealed the polyphenol's discriminative power of the region DMJG. The anti-obesity effects of plant extracts from the three regions were related to their polyphenol contents, with DMJG showing the highest effect followed by DMJ and DMB. Ultrasound-assisted extraction yielded a high number of polyphenols compared to that of the Soxhlet method, which was supported by scanning electron microscopy. The present work encourages studies on plants rich in secondary metabolites to efficiently use them for dietary and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Reshmi Akter
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinothini Boopathi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyeok Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kwak
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Geun Sik Lee
- Southwest Coast Hwangchil Cooperative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju si, Republic of Korea
- Jungwon University Industry Academic Cooperation Building, Goesan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Tran TNA, Son JS, Awais M, Ko JH, Yang DC, Jung SK. β-Glucosidase and Its Application in Bioconversion of Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040484. [PMID: 37106671 PMCID: PMC10136122 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a group of bioactive compounds isolated from Panax ginseng. Conventional major ginsenosides have a long history of use in traditional medicine for both illness prevention and therapy. Bioconversion processes have the potential to create new and valuable products in pharmaceutical and biological activities, making them both critical for research and highly economic to implement. This has led to an increase in the number of studies that use major ginsenosides as a precursor to generate minor ones using β-glucosidase. Minor ginsenosides may also have useful properties but are difficult to isolate from raw ginseng because of their scarcity. Bioconversion processes have the potential to create novel minor ginsenosides from the more abundant major ginsenoside precursors in a cost-effective manner. While numerous bioconversion techniques have been developed, an increasing number of studies have reported that β-glucosidase can effectively and specifically generate minor ginsenosides. This paper summarizes the probable bioconversion mechanisms of two protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) types. Other high-efficiency and high-value bioconversion processes using complete proteins isolated from bacterial biomass or recombinant enzymes are also discussed in this article. This paper also discusses the various conversion and analysis methods and their potential applications. Overall, this paper offers theoretical and technical foundations for future studies that will be both scientifically and economically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Anh Tran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Son
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
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Jin Y, Rupa EJ, Nahar J, Ling L, Puja AM, Akter R, Yang DC, Kang SC, Zhang H. Hydroponic Ginseng ROOT Mediated with CMC Polymer-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Cellular Apoptosis via Downregulation of BCL-2 Gene Expression in A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020906. [PMID: 36677964 PMCID: PMC9861826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The unique and tailorable physicochemical features of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized from green sources make them attractive for use in cancer treatment. Hydroponic-cultured ginseng-root-synthesized ZnO-NPs (HGRCm-ZnO NPs) were coated with O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) polymer, which stabilized and enhanced the biological efficacy of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The flower-shaped nanoparticles were crystalline in nature with a particle size of 28 nm. To evaluate if these NPs had anti-lung cancer activity, analysis was performed on a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549). HGRCm-ZnO nanoparticles showed less toxicity to normal keratinocytes (HaCaTs), at concentrations up to 20 µg/mL, than A549 cancer cells. Additionally, these NPs showed dose-dependent colony formation and cell migration inhibition ability, which makes them more promising for lung cancer treatment. Additionally, Hoechst and propidium iodide dye staining also confirmed that the NP formulation had apoptotic activity in cancer cells. Further, to evaluate the mechanism of cancer cell death via checking the gene expression, HGRCm ZnO NPs upregulated the BAX and Caspase 3 and 9 expression levels but downregulated Bcl-2 expression, indicating that the nanoformulation induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, these preliminary results suggest that HGRCm ZnO NPs can be a potential candidate for future lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Jin
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aditi Mitra Puja
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Reshmi Akter
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (H.Z.)
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Ahn JC, Mathiyalagan R, Nahar J, Ramadhania ZM, Kong BM, Lee DW, Choi SK, Lee CS, Boopathi V, Yang DU, Kim BY, Park H, Yang DC, Kang SC. Transcriptome expression profile of compound-K-enriched red ginseng extract (DDK-401) in Korean volunteers and its apoptotic properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999192. [PMID: 36532751 PMCID: PMC9751427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng and ginsenosides have been reported to have various pharmacological effects, but their efficacies depend on intestinal absorption. Compound K (CK) is gaining prominence for its biological and pharmaceutical properties. In this study, CK-enriched fermented red ginseng extract (DDK-401) was prepared by enzymatic reactions. To examine its pharmacokinetics, a randomized, single-dose, two-sequence, crossover study was performed with eleven healthy Korean male and female volunteers. The volunteers were assigned to take a single oral dose of one of two extracts, DDK-401 or common red ginseng extract (DDK-204), during the initial period. After a 7-day washout, they received the other extract. The pharmacokinetics of DDK-401 showed that its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) occurred at 184.8 ± 39.64 ng/mL, Tmax was at 2.4 h, and AUC0-12h was 920.3 ± 194.70 ng h/mL, which were all better than those of DDK-204. The maximum CK absorption in the female volunteers was higher than that in the male volunteers. The differentially expressed genes from the male and female groups were subjected to a KEGG pathway analysis, which showed results in the cell death pathway, such as apoptosis and necroptosis. In cytotoxicity tests, DDK-401 and DDK-204 were not particularly toxic to normal (HaCaT) cells, but at a concentration of 250 μg/mL, DDK-401 had a much higher toxicity to human lung cancer (A549) cells than DDK-204. DDK-401 also showed a stronger antioxidant capacity than DDK-204 in both the DPPH and potassium ferricyanide reducing power assays. DDK-401 reduced the reactive oxygen species production in HaCaT cells with induced oxidative stress and led to apoptosis in the A549 cells. In the mRNA sequence analysis, a signaling pathway with selected marker genes was assessed by RT-PCR. In the HaCaT cells, DDK-401 and DDK-204 did not regulate FOXO3, TLR4, MMP-9, or p38 expression; however, in the A549 cells, DDK-401 downregulated the expressions of MMP9 and TLR4 as well as upregulated the expressions of the p38 and caspase-8 genes compared to DDK-204. These results suggest that DDK-401 could act as a molecular switch for these two cellular processes in response to cell damage signaling and that it could be a potential candidate for further evaluations in health promotion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Zelika Mega Ramadhania
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Byoung Man Kong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | | | - Sung Keun Choi
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd., Geumsan-gun, South Korea
| | - Chang Soon Lee
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd., Geumsan-gun, South Korea
| | - Vinothini Boopathi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | | | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry Lab, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Hyon Park
- Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry Lab, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
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Murugesan M, Mathiyalagan R, Boopathi V, Kong BM, Choi SK, Lee CS, Yang DC, Kang SC, Thambi T. Production of Minor Ginsenoside CK from Major Ginsenosides by Biotransformation and Its Advances in Targeted Delivery to Tumor Tissues Using Nanoformulations. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12193427. [PMID: 36234555 PMCID: PMC9565578 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
For over 2000 years, ginseng (roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine. Ginsenosides are bioactive compounds present in ginseng responsible for the pharmacological effects and curing various acute diseases as well as chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Structurally, ginsenosides consist of a hydrophobic aglycone moiety fused with one to four hydrophilic glycoside moieties. Based on the position of sugar units and their abundance, ginsenosides are classified into major and minor ginsenosides. Despite the great potential of ginsenosides, major ginsenosides are poorly absorbed in the blood circulation, resulting in poor bioavailability. Interestingly, owing to their small molecular weight, minor ginsenosides exhibit good permeability across cell membranes and bioavailability. However, extremely small quantities of minor ginsenosides extracted from ginseng plants cannot fulfill the requirement of scientific and clinical studies. Therefore, the production of minor ginsenosides in mass production is a topic of interest. In addition, their poor solubility and lack of targetability to tumor tissues limits their application in cancer therapy. In this review, various methods used for the transformation of major ginsenosides to minor ginsenoside compound K (CK) are summarized. For the production of CK, various transformation methods apply to major ginsenosides. The challenges present in these transformations and future research directions for producing bulk quantities of minor ginsenosides are discussed. Furthermore, attention is also paid to the utilization of nanoformulation technology to improve the bioavailability of minor ginsenoside CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanapriya Murugesan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Vinothini Boopathi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Byoung Man Kong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Choi
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd., 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun 32718, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Chang-Soon Lee
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd., 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun 32718, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (T.T.)
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14
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Akter R, Chan Ahn J, Nahar J, Awais M, Ramadhania ZM, Oh SW, Oh JH, Kong BM, Rupa EJ, Lee DW, Yang DC, Chan kang S. Pomegranate juice fermented by tannin acyl hydrolase and Lactobacillus vespulae DCY75 enhance estrogen receptor expression and anti-inflammatory effect. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010103. [PMID: 36249796 PMCID: PMC9558905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are phytochemicals in plants, fruits, and vegetables have potential health-promoting efficacies. However, mostly available as a complex form. So, to increase the contents and nutritional value of the phenolic compounds, fermentation is most readily used in the food industry. Especially, the hydrolyzable tannins present in the pomegranate that can be liberated into monomolecular substances, which enhances biological activity. Thus, this study aims to convert hydrolyzable tannins to ellagic acid by fermentation using Tannin acyl hydrolase (TAH) and a novel bacteria strain Lactobacillus vespulae DCY75, respectively to investigate its effect on Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) mRNA expression along with inflammation inhibition. As a result, the fermentation enhanced the ellagic acid content up to 70% by the synergetic effect of TAH and DCY75. Furthermore, fermented pomegranate (PG-F) increased cellular proliferation as well as upregulated the gene expression of estrogen regulators such as ERα, ERβ, and pS2 in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), which commonly used to evaluate estrogenic activity. Moreover, to study the inflammation associated with low estrogen in menopause, we have analyzed the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells. The PG-F juice did not exert any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited NO production along with the downregulation of a major pro-inflammatory cytokine iNOS which indicates the anti-inflammatory potential of it. To sum it up, the fermented commercial pomegranate juice using a novel bacteria strain increased the amount of ellagic acid that the value added bioactive of pomegranate and it has significantly increased the estrogenic activity via upregulating estrogen related biomarkers expression and reduced the risk of related inflammation via NO/iNOS inhibition. This study could be a preliminary study to use fermented pomegranate as a potential health functional food after further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Akter
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Zelika Mega Ramadhania
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Se-Woung Oh
- SMART FRUIT CO., LTD., Guri, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Oh
- Fruitycompany Co., Ltd., Guri, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Byoung Man Kong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Deok Chun Yang, ; Se Chan kang,
| | - Se Chan kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Deok Chun Yang, ; Se Chan kang,
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15
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Phan VHG, Murugesan M, Huong H, Le TT, Phan TH, Manivasagan P, Mathiyalagan R, Jang ES, Yang DC, Li Y, Thambi T. Cellulose Nanocrystals-Incorporated Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Controlled Release, 3D Printing, and Breast Cancer Treatment Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:42812-42826. [PMID: 36112403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ-gel-forming thermoresponsive copolymers have been widely exploited in controlled delivery applications because their critical gel temperature is similar to human body temperature. However, there are limitations to controlling the delivery of biologics from a hydrogel network because of the poor networking and reinforcement between the copolymer networks. This study developed an in situ-forming robust injectable and 3D printable hydrogel network based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) incorporated amphiphilic copolymers, poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide (PCLA). In addition, the physicochemical and mechanical properties of injectable hydrogels were controlled by physically incorporating CNCs with amphiphilic PCLA copolymers. CNCs played an unprecedented role in physically reinforcing the PCLA copolymers' micelle network via intermicellar bridges. Apart from that, the free-flowing closely packed rod-like CNCs incorporated PCLA micelle networks at low temperature transformed to a stable viscoelastic hydrogel network at physiological temperature. CNC incorporated PCLA copolymer sols effectively coordinated with hydrophobic doxorubicin and water-soluble lysozyme by a combination of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interaction and controlled the release of biologics. As shown by the 3D printing results, the biocompatible PCLA hydrogels continuously extruded during printing had good injectability and maintained high shape fidelity after printing without any secondary cross-linking steps. The interlayer bonding between the printed layers was high and formed stable 3D structures up to 10 layers. Subcutaneous injection of free-flowing CNC incorporated PCLA copolymer sols to BALB/c mice formed a hydrogel instantly and showed controlled biodegradation of the hydrogel depot without induction of toxicity at the implantation sites or surrounding tissues. At the same time, the in vivo antitumor effect on the MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft model demonstrated that DOX-loaded hydrogel formulation significantly inhibited the tumor growth. In summary, the CNC incorporated biodegradable hydrogels developed in this study exhibit a prolonged release with special release kinetics for hydrophobic and hydrophilic biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Giang Phan
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Mohanapriya Murugesan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Huong
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Le
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Hien Phan
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Panchanathan Manivasagan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Daehak-ro 61, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Soon Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Daehak-ro 61, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Li
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314001, PR China
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Phan VHG, Mathiyalagan R, Nguyen MT, Tran TT, Murugesan M, Ho TN, Huong H, Yang DC, Li Y, Thambi T. Ionically cross-linked alginate-chitosan core-shell hydrogel beads for oral delivery of insulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:262-271. [PMID: 36150568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Here, core-shell hydrogel beads for oral insulin delivery at intestine was reported, which was a target site for insulin absorption. The core-shell hydrogel beads were prepared using naturally derived alginate and chitosan polysaccharides by simple dropping technique. In order to effectively control leakage of insulin from core-shell hydrogel beads, insulin was embedded into the layered double hydroxides (LDHs). LDH/insulin-loaded complexes were firstly coated with chitosan, and then coated with alginate to generate core-shell hydrogel beads. The biocompatibility and angiogenic response of core-shell hydrogel beads were evaluated by direct contact of the beads with chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, which indicates safety of the core-shell beads. The beads successfully retained the insulin within the core-shell structure at pH 1.2, indicating that insulin had a good protective effect in harsh acidic environments. Interestingly, insulin release starts at the simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) and continue to release for 24 h in a sustained manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Giang Phan
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh-Thu Nguyen
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tuyen Tran
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mohanapriya Murugesan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet-Nhung Ho
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha Huong
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Li
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Piao X, Mohanan P, Anandhapadmanaban G, Ahn JC, Park JK, Yang DC, Kwak GY, Wang Y. Authentication of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and ssp. mongolica Based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at Ribosomal DNA and Their Vitamin Content Analysis. Plants 2022; 11:plants11141843. [PMID: 35890477 PMCID: PMC9315697 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides widely known as sea buckthorn berries (SB) are rich in vitamins and phytonutrients. The subspecies ssp. sinensis and ssp. mongolica are highly valued for their medicinal properties and vitamin contents, hence domesticated widely across Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Due to the frequent usage of these two subspecies, accurate identification is required to prevent economically motivated adulteration. In this study, we report the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based molecular markers to easily distinguish these two subspecies at 45S nrDNA region. From the determined 45S rDNA region, we designed two primers (5′ sinensis and 5′ mongolica) and developed a multiplex PCR profile. The developed primers effectively distinguished the sea buckthorn subspecies in commercial products as well. Along with the development of subspecies specific primers, we have profiled vitamin contents from H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and ssp. mongolica and found ascorbic acid and riboflavin contents were high in both ssp. sinensis and spp. mongolica, yet the content of folic acid was high only in ssp. mongolica. Thus, we provide species specific primers and vitamin profile as an effective authentication of H. rhamnoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Piao
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Padmanaban Mohanan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (P.M.); (G.A.); (J.C.A.); (J.K.P.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Gokulanathan Anandhapadmanaban
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (P.M.); (G.A.); (J.C.A.); (J.K.P.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (P.M.); (G.A.); (J.C.A.); (J.K.P.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Jin Kyu Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (P.M.); (G.A.); (J.C.A.); (J.K.P.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (P.M.); (G.A.); (J.C.A.); (J.K.P.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Gi-young Kwak
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (P.M.); (G.A.); (J.C.A.); (J.K.P.); (D.C.Y.)
- Correspondence: (G.-y.K.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Correspondence: (G.-y.K.); (Y.W.)
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Ying Z, Awais M, Akter R, Xu F, Baik S, Jung D, Yang DC, Kwak GY, Wenying Y. Discrimination of Panax ginseng from counterfeits using single nucleotide polymorphism: A focused review. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:903306. [PMID: 35968150 PMCID: PMC9366256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination of plant species, cultivars, and landraces is challenging because plants have high phenotypic and genotypic resemblance. Panax ginseng is commonly referred to as Korean ginseng, which contains saponins with high efficacy on cells, and has been reported to be worth billions in agroeconomic value. Korean ginseng's increasing global agroeconomic value includes additional species and cultivars that are not Korean ginseng but have physical characteristics close to it. This almost unidentifiable physical characteristic of Korean ginseng-like species is discriminated via molecular markers. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), found across the plant species in abundance, is a valuable tool in the molecular mapping of genes and distinguishing a plant species from adulterants. Differentiating the composition of genes in species is quite evident, but the varieties and landraces have fewer differences in addition to single nucleotide mismatch. Especially in the exon region, there exist both favorable and adverse effects on species. With the aforementioned ideas in discriminating ginseng based on molecular markers, SNP has proven reliable and convenient, with advanced markers available. This article provides the simplest cost-effective guidelines for experiments in a traditional laboratory setting to get hands-on SNP marker analysis. Hence, the current review provides detailed up-to-date information about the discrimination of Panax ginseng exclusively based on SNP adding with a straightforward method explained which can be followed to perform the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ying
- Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Reshmi Akter
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Fengjiao Xu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Sul Baik
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Daehyo Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kwak
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
- Gi-Young Kwak,
| | - You Wenying
- Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: You Wenying,
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Zhang R, Rupa EJ, Zheng S, Nahar J, Yang DC, Kang SC, Wang Y. Panos-Fermented Extract-Mediated Nanoemulsion: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects on RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010218. [PMID: 35011448 PMCID: PMC8746678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on developing Panos nanoemulsion (P-NE) and enhancing the anti-inflammatory efficacy for the treatment of inflammation. The effects of P-NE were evaluated in terms of Nitric oxide (NO production) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced RAW 264.7 cells, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using Human Keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Sea buckthorn oil, Tween 80, and span 80 were used and optimize the process. Panos extract (P-Ext) was prepared using the fermentation process. Further high-energy ultra-sonication was used for the preparation of P-NE. The developed nanoemulsion (NE) was characterized using different analytical methods. Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) analyzed the spherical shape and morphology. In addition, stability was analyzed by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, where particle size was analyzed 83 nm, and Zeta potential −28.20 ± 2 (mV). Furthermore, 90 days of stability was tested using different temperatures conditions where excellent stability was observed. P-NE are non-toxic in (HaCaT), and RAW264.7 cells up to 100 µg/mL further showed effects on ROS and NO production of the cells at 50 µg/mL. The qPCR analysis demonstrated the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators for (Cox 2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, NF-κB, Ikkα, and iNOS) gene expression. The prepared NE exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating its potential as a safe and non-toxic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (R.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.N.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Siwen Zheng
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (R.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.N.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.N.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.N.); (D.C.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (Y.W.); Fax: +82-31-202-26 (S.C.K.)
| | - Yingping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (R.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (Y.W.); Fax: +82-31-202-26 (S.C.K.)
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Pu J, Akter R, Rupa EJ, Awais M, Mathiyalagan R, Han Y, Kang J, Yang DC, Kang SC. Role of Ginsenosides in Browning of White Adipose Tissue to Combat Obesity: A Narrative Review on Molecular Mechanism. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:231-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Xu XY, Yi ES, Kang CH, Liu Y, Lee YG, Choi HS, Jang HB, Huo Y, Baek NI, Yang DC, Kim YJ. Whitening and inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation properties of the biotransformed green ginseng berry of new cultivar K1, ginsenoside Rg2 enriched, on B16 and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:631-641. [PMID: 34764718 PMCID: PMC8569260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Main bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions of ripened red ginseng berry (Panax ginseng Meyer) have been frequently reported. Yet, the research gap targeting the beneficial activities of transformed green ginseng berries has not reported elsewhere. Methods Ginsenosides of new green berry cultivar K-1 (GK-1) were identified by HPLC-QTOF/MS. Ginsenosides bioconversion in GK-1 by bgp1 enzyme was confirmed with HPLC and TLC. Then, mechanisms of GK-1 and β-glucosidase (bgp1) biotransformed GK-1 (BGK-1) were determined by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot. Results GK-1 possesses highest ginsenosides especially ginsenoside-Re amongst seven ginseng cultivars including (Chunpoong, Huangsuk, Kumpoong, K-1, Honkaejong, Gopoong, and Yunpoong). Ginseng root’s biomass is not affected with the harvest of GK-1 at 3 weeks after flowering period. Then, Re is bio-converted into a promising pharmaceutical effect of Rg2 via bgp1. According to the results of cell assays, BGK-1 shows decrease of tyrosinase and melanin content in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone challenged-murine melanoma B16 cells. BGK-1 which is comparatively more effective than GK-1 extract shows significant suppression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and inflammatory target genes, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion These results reported effective whitening and anti-inflammatory of BGK-1 as compared to GK-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yue Xu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seob Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Liu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bin Jang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Huo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Abid S, Kaliraj L, Rahimi S, Kim YJ, Yang DC, Kang SC, Balusamy SR. Synthesis and characterization of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles acts synergistically to alleviate oxidative stress and increase ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118195. [PMID: 34119162 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is synthesis of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles (GC-Se NPs) and evaluation of oxidative stress and ginsenoside accumulation in P. ginseng C. A. Meyer. We synthesized (Se NPs and GC-Se NPs) and characterized using various spectroscopic analyses. The highest concentration (20 mg L-1) of GC-Se NPs induced moderate ROS (O2- and H2O2) accumulation and upregulation of PgSOD and PgCAT showing good biocompatibility and less toxicity at the highest concentration. Furthermore, ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway genes (PgHMGR, PgSS, PgSE, PgDDS) also showed significant upregulation upon 20 mg L-1 GC-Se NPs treatment. At 20 mg L-1 GC-Se NPs treatment, ginsenoside accumulated upto 217.47 mg/mL and 169.86 mg/mL mainly due to the increased proportion of Rb1 and Re ginsenosides. Altogether, our results suggested that ecofriendly conjugation of GC with Se NPs could be used as a bio fortifier to enhance the ginsenoside profile and to increase the quality of ginseng roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Abid
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalitha Kaliraj
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Shadi Rahimi
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Rupa EJ, Li JF, Arif MH, Yaxi H, Puja AM, Chan AJ, Hoang VA, Kaliraj L, Yang DC, Kang SC. Cordyceps militaris Fungus Extracts-Mediated Nanoemulsion for Improvement Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235733. [PMID: 33291776 PMCID: PMC7730259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to produce and optimize a Cordyceps militaris-based oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion (NE) encapsulated in sea buckthorn oil (SBT) using an ultrasonication process. Herein, a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) and chitosan cosurfactant were used as emulsifying agents. The Cordyceps nanoemulsion (COR-NE) was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM). The DLS analyses revealed that the NE droplets were 87.0 ± 2.1 nm in diameter, with a PDI value of 0.089 ± 0.023, and zeta potential of -26.20 ± 2. The small size, low PDI, and stable zeta potential highlighted the excellent stability of the NE. The NE was tested for stability under different temperature (4 °C, 25 °C, and 60 °C) and storage conditions for 3 months where 4 °C did not affect the stability. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed. The results suggested that the NE was not toxic to RAW 264.7 or HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines at up to 100 µL/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity in liposaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells was evident at 50 µg/mL and showed inhibition of NO production and downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Further, the NE exhibited good antioxidant (2.96 ± 0.10 mg/mL) activity and inhibited E. coli and S. aureus bacterial growth. Overall, the COR-NE had greater efficacy than the free extract and added significant value for future biomedical and cosmetics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.F.L.); (M.H.A.); (H.Y.); (V.-A.H.)
| | - Jin Feng Li
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.F.L.); (M.H.A.); (H.Y.); (V.-A.H.)
| | - Muhammad Huzaifa Arif
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.F.L.); (M.H.A.); (H.Y.); (V.-A.H.)
| | - Han Yaxi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.F.L.); (M.H.A.); (H.Y.); (V.-A.H.)
| | - Aditi Mitra Puja
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (A.M.P.); (A.J.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Ahn Jong Chan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (A.M.P.); (A.J.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Van-An Hoang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.F.L.); (M.H.A.); (H.Y.); (V.-A.H.)
| | - Lalitha Kaliraj
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (A.M.P.); (A.J.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (E.J.R.); (J.F.L.); (M.H.A.); (H.Y.); (V.-A.H.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (A.M.P.); (A.J.C.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.Y.); (S.C.K.); Tel.: +82-1024835434 (D.C.Y.); +82-1089501273 (S.C.K.)
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (A.M.P.); (A.J.C.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.Y.); (S.C.K.); Tel.: +82-1024835434 (D.C.Y.); +82-1089501273 (S.C.K.)
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Abid S, Kaliraj L, Arif MH, Hurh J, Ahn JC, Yang DC, Jung SK. Molecular and morphological discrimination of Chrysanthemum indicum using allele-specific PCR and T-shaped trichome. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7699-7708. [PMID: 32974840 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum L. is a traditional oriental medicinal herb prepared as a tea from flowers that have been used in China and South Korea since ancient times. It has a long history in the treatment of hypertension, inflammation, and respiratory diseases. Among Chrysanthemum species, C. indicum has more active chemical components as well as better therapeutic effects, and C. indicum is mostly used for medicinal purposes in South Korea. However, the usage of C. indicum has become problematic over the years due to the abundance of adulterated Chrysanthemum and confusion with morphologically related species such as C. morifolium, C. boreale, and Aster spathulifolius. Thus, here we developed a method for molecular authentication using chloroplast universal region rpoC2 and morphological authentication based on T-shaped trichomes of the adaxial leaf surface. By using a species-specific primer derived from the rpoC2 region, we established a multiplex allele-specific PCR for the discrimination of C. indicum. Amplicons of 675 bp for C. indicum and 1026 bp for other Chrysanthemum species were produced using both rpoC2-specific and common primers. These primers can be used to analyze dried samples of Chrysanthemum. Morphological discrimination was performed using T-shaped trichomes present only on the adaxial leaf surface of C. indicum species, and then molecular markers were utilized to authenticate C. indicum products from adulterant samples available in the market. Our results indicate that these molecular markers in combination with morphological differentiation can serve as an effective tool for identifying C. indicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Abid
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalitha Kaliraj
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Huzaifa Arif
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hurh
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Kyu Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Piao XM, Huo Y, Kang JP, Mathiyalagan R, Zhang H, Yang DU, Kim M, Yang DC, Kang SC, Wang YP. Diversity of Ginsenoside Profiles Produced by Various Processing Technologies. Molecules 2020; 25:E4390. [PMID: 32987784 PMCID: PMC7582514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is a traditional medicinal herb commonly consumed world-wide owing to its unique family of saponins called ginsenosides. The absorption and bioavailability of ginsenosides mainly depend on an individual's gastrointestinal bioconversion abilities. There is a need to improve ginseng processing to predictably increase the pharmacologically active of ginsenosides. Various types of ginseng, such as fresh, white, steamed, acid-processed, and fermented ginsengs, are available. The various ginseng processing methods produce a range ginsenoside compositions with diverse pharmacological properties. This review is intended to summarize the properties of the ginsenosides found in different Panax species as well as the different processing methods. The sugar moiety attached to the C-3, C-6, or C-20 deglycosylated to produce minor ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd→Rg3, F2, Rh2; Re, Rf→Rg1, Rg2, F1, Rh1. The malonyl-Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd were demalonylated into ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd by dehydration. Dehydration also produces minor ginsenosides such as Rg3→Rk1, Rg5, Rz1; Rh2→Rk2, Rh3; Rh1→Rh4, Rk3; Rg2→Rg6, F4; Rs3→Rs4, Rs5; Rf→Rg9, Rg10. Acetylation of several ginsenosides may generate acetylated ginsenosides Rg5, Rk1, Rh4, Rk3, Rs4, Rs5, Rs6, and Rs7. Acid processing methods produces Rh1→Rk3, Rh4; Rh2→Rk1, Rg5; Rg3→Rk2, Rh3; Re, Rf, Rg2→F1, Rh1, Rf2, Rf3, Rg6, F4, Rg9. Alkaline produces Rh16, Rh3, Rh1, F4, Rk1, ginsenoslaloside-I, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh1-60-acetate, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh19, zingibroside-R1 through hydrolysis, hydration addition reactions, and dehydration. Moreover, biological processing of ginseng generates the minor ginsenosides of Rg3, F2, Rh2, CK, Rh1, Mc, compound O, compound Y through hydrolysis reactions, and synthetic ginsenosides Rd12 and Ia are produced through glycosylation. This review with respect to the properties of particular ginsenosides could serve to increase the utilization of ginseng in agricultural products, food, dietary supplements, health supplements, and medicines, and may also spur future development of novel highly functional ginseng products through a combination of various processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Min Piao
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.M.P.); (H.Z.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Yue Huo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (Y.H.); (J.P.K.); (R.M.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Jong Pyo Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (Y.H.); (J.P.K.); (R.M.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (Y.H.); (J.P.K.); (R.M.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.M.P.); (H.Z.); (D.C.Y.)
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (Y.H.); (J.P.K.); (R.M.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Mia Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases, College of Korea Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 100011, Korea;
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.M.P.); (H.Z.); (D.C.Y.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (Y.H.); (J.P.K.); (R.M.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (Y.H.); (J.P.K.); (R.M.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Ying Ping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.M.P.); (H.Z.); (D.C.Y.)
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Piao X, Zhang H, Kang JP, Yang DU, Li Y, Pang S, Jin Y, Yang DC, Wang Y. Advances in Saponin Diversity of Panax ginseng. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153452. [PMID: 32751233 PMCID: PMC7435442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, which have pharmacological effects. Although there are several reviews in regards to ginsenosides, new ginsenosides have been detected continually in recent years. This review updates the ginsenoside list from P. ginseng to 170 by the end of 2019, and aims to highlight the diversity of ginsenosides in multiple dimensions, including chemical structure, tissue spatial distribution, time, and isomeride. Protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and C17 side-chain varied (C17SCV) manners are the major types of ginsenosides, and the constitute of ginsenosides varied significantly among different parts. Only 16 ginsenosides commonly exist in all parts of a ginseng plant. Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside is dominant in root, rhizome, leaf, stem, and fruit, whereas malonyl- and C17SCV-type ginsenosides occupy a greater proportion in the flower and flower bud compared with other parts. In respects of isomeride, there are 69 molecular formulas corresponding to 170 ginsenosides, and the median of isomers is 2. This is the first review on diversity of ginsenosides, providing information for reasonable utilization of whole ginseng plant, and the perspective on studying the physiological functions of ginsenoside for the ginseng plant itself is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Piao
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.P.); (H.Z.)
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (Y.L.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.P.); (H.Z.)
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (Y.L.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jong Pyo Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (J.P.K.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (J.P.K.); (D.U.Y.)
| | - Yali Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (Y.L.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Shifeng Pang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (Y.L.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yinping Jin
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (Y.L.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (J.P.K.); (D.U.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +82-031-281-6326 (D.C.Y.); +86-431-8453-3431 (Y.W.)
| | - Yingping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.P.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +82-031-281-6326 (D.C.Y.); +86-431-8453-3431 (Y.W.)
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Kim YJ, Park JY, Balusamy SR, Huo Y, Nong LK, Thi Le H, Yang DC, Kim D. Comprehensive Genome Analysis on the Novel Species Sphingomonas panacis DCY99 T Reveals Insights into Iron Tolerance of Ginseng. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2019. [PMID: 32188055 PMCID: PMC7139845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play vital roles not only in plant growth, but also in reducing biotic/abiotic stress. Sphingomonas panacis DCY99T is isolated from soil and root of Panax ginseng with rusty root disease, characterized by raised reddish-brown root and this is seriously affects ginseng cultivation. To investigate the relationship between 159 sequenced Sphingomonas strains, pan-genome analysis was carried out, which suggested genomic diversity of the Sphingomonas genus. Comparative analysis of S. panacis DCY99T with Sphingomonas sp. LK11 revealed plant growth-promoting potential of S. panacis DCY99T through indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilizing, and antifungal abilities. Detailed genomic analysis has shown that S. panacis DCY99T contain various heavy metals resistance genes in its genome and the plasmid. Functional analysis with Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA505 predicted that S. panacis DCY99T possess genes for degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds in rusty-ginseng root. Interestingly, when primed ginseng with S. panacis DCY99T during high concentration of iron exposure, iron stress of ginseng was suppressed. In order to detect S. panacis DCY99T in soil, biomarker was designed using spt gene. This study brings new insights into the role of S. panacis DCY99T as a microbial inoculant to protect ginseng plants against rusty root disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Kim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 16710, Korea; (Y.H.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Joon Young Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (L.K.N.); (H.T.L.)
| | | | - Yue Huo
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 16710, Korea; (Y.H.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Linh Khanh Nong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (L.K.N.); (H.T.L.)
| | - Hoa Thi Le
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (L.K.N.); (H.T.L.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 16710, Korea; (Y.H.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (L.K.N.); (H.T.L.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Korean Genomics Industrialization and Commercialization Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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Huo Y, Kang JP, Ahn JC, Kim YJ, Piao CH, Yang DU, Yang DC. Siderophore-producing rhizobacteria reduce heavy metal-induced oxidative stress in Panax ginseng Meyer. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:218-227. [PMID: 33841002 PMCID: PMC8020345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants and is usually harvested after 5 to 6 years of cultivation in Korea. Heavy metal (HM) exposure is a type of abiotic stress that can induce oxidative stress and decrease the quality of the ginseng crop. Siderophore-producing rhizobacteria (SPR) may be capable of bioremediating HM contamination. Methods Several isolates from ginseng rhizosphere were evaluated by in vitro screening of their plant growth-promoting traits and HM resistance. Subsequently, in planta (pot tests) and in vitro (medium tests) were designed to investigate the SPR ability to reduce oxidative stress and enhance HM resistance in P. ginseng inoculated with the SPR candidate. Results In vitro tests revealed that the siderophore-producing Mesorhizobium panacihumi DCY119T had higher HM resistance than the other tested isolates and was selected as the SPR candidate. In the planta experiments, 2-year-old ginseng seedlings exposed to 25 mL (500 mM) Fe solution had lower biomass and higher reactive oxygen species level than control seedlings. In contrast, seedlings treated with 108 CFU/mL DCY119T for 10 minutes had higher biomass and higher levels of antioxidant genes and nonenzymatic antioxidant chemicals than untreated seedlings. When Fe concentration in the medium was increased, DCY119T can produce siderophores and scavenge reactive oxygen species to reduce Fe toxicity in addition to providing indole-3-acetic acid to promote seedling growth, thereby conferring inoculated ginseng with HM resistance. Conclusions It was confirmed that SPR DCY119T can potentially be used for bioremediation of HM contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huo
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Jong Pyo Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hong Piao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
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Mathiyalagan R, Wang C, Kim YJ, Castro-Aceituno V, Ahn S, Subramaniyam S, Simu SY, Jiménez-Pérez ZE, Yang DC, Jung SK. Preparation of Polyethylene Glycol-Ginsenoside Rh1 and Rh2 Conjugates and Their Efficacy against Lung Cancer and Inflammation. Molecules 2019; 24:E4367. [PMID: 31795352 PMCID: PMC6930446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low solubility and tumor-targeted delivery of ginsenosides to avoid off-target cytotoxicity are challenges for clinical trials. In the present study, we report on a methodology for the synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ginsenoside conjugates through a hydrolysable ester bond using the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol with the hydrophobic ginsenosides Rh1 and Rh2 to enhance water solubility and passive targeted delivery. The resulting conjugates were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 1H NMR revealed that the C-6 and C-3 sugar hydroxyl groups of Rh1 and Rh2 were esterified. The conjugates showed spherical shapes that were monitored by field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), and the average sizes of the particles were 62 ± 5.72 nm and 134 ± 8.75 nm for PEG-Rh1and PEG-Rh2, respectively (measured using a particle size analyzer). Owing to the hydrophilic enhancing properties of PEG, PEG-Rh1 and PEG-Rh2 solubility was greatly enhanced compared to Rh1 and Rh2 alone. The release rates of Rh1 and Rh2 were increased in lower pH conditions (pH 5.0), that for pathophysiological sites as well as for intracellular endosomes and lysosomes, compared to normal-cell pH conditions (pH 7.4). In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that the PEG-Rh1conjugates had greater anticancer activity in a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) compared to Rh1 alone, whereas PEG-Rh2 showed lower cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. On the other hand, both PEG-Rh1 and PEG-Rh2 showed non-cytotoxicity in a nondiseased murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) compared to free Rh1 and Rh2, but PEG-Rh2 exhibited increased efficacy against inflammation by greatly inhibiting nitric oxide production. Thus, the overall conclusion of our study is that PEG conjugation promotes the properties of Rh1 for anticancer and Rh2 for inflammation treatments. Depends on the disease models, they could be potential drug candidates for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.N.G.P., Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shakina Yesmin Simu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
| | - Zuly Elizabeth Jiménez-Pérez
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Seok-Kyu Jung
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
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Kim YJ, Perumalsamy H, Castro-Aceituno V, Kim D, Markus J, Lee S, Kim S, Liu Y, Yang DC. Photoluminescent And Self-Assembled Hyaluronic Acid-Zinc Oxide-Ginsenoside Rh2 Nanoparticles And Their Potential Caspase-9 Apoptotic Mechanism Towards Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8195-8208. [PMID: 31632027 PMCID: PMC6790350 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s221328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in modern cancer therapy based on their specific target, efficacy, low toxicity and biocompatibility. The photocatalytic performance of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites with hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to study anticancer properties against various human cancer cell lines. Methods Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites functionalized by hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared by a co-precipitation method (HA-ZnONcs). The submicron-flower-shaped nanocomposites were further functionalized with ginsenoside Rh2 by a cleavable ester bond via carbodiimide chemistry to form Rh2HAZnO. The physicochemical behaviors of the synthesized ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. We carried out 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of Rh2HAZnO in various human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, and HT29). Furthermore, to confirm the apoptotic effects of Rh2HAZnO and to determine the role of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathways by various molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes of these cell lines, mainly intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed by ROS staining and nucleus by Hoechst staining. Results We confirmed that Rh2HAZnO exhibits the anti-cancer effects on A549 lung cancer, HT29 colon cancer, and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in three cancer cell lines. Rh2HAZnO induced apoptotic process through p53-mediated pathway by upregulating p53 and BAX and downregulating BCL2. Specifically, Rh2HAZnO induced activation of cleaved PARP (Asp214) in A549 lung cancer cells and upregulated Caspase-9/phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in other cell lines (HT29 and MCF-7). Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes in the nucleus of these cell lines. Conclusion These results suggest that the potential anticancer activity of novel Rh2HAZnO nanoparticles might be linked to induction of apoptosis through the generation of ROS by activation of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Center for Global Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Kaliraj L, Ahn JC, Rupa EJ, Abid S, Lu J, Yang DC. Synthesis of panos extract mediated ZnO nano-flowers as photocatalyst for industrial dye degradation by UV illumination. J Photochem Photobiol B 2019; 199:111588. [PMID: 31450132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Green synthesis of zinc oxide has gained extensive attention as a reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly protocol to reduce the destructive effects associated with the traditional synthesis methods commonly utilized in laboratory and industry. Here for the first time, we have synthesized quaker ladies flower type ZnO (ZnO/QNF) from panos extract (extract from four panax plants such as Panax ginseng, Acanthopanax senticosus, Kalopanax septemlobus and Dendropanax morbifera). The synthesized ZnO materials was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscope. The newly synthesized ZnO/QNF was applied for the removal of industrial dyes such as methylene blue (MB), Eosin Y (EY) and Malachite green (MG) under UV illumination. The photocatalyst degraded the 15 mg L-1 MB, EY and MG to >99% within 80, 90 and 110 min of contact time, respectively. In addition, the ZnO/QNF photocatalyst removed the low concentrated 5 mg L-1 of MB, EY, and MG within 30, 35 and 40 min of contact time, respectively. The pedal structure provided all the active sites available for the easy interaction with dye molecule under UV, and that enabled fast kinetics of dye degradation than the many other benchmark materials reported previously. The ZnO photocatalyst could be reused minimum of five cycles without any significant loss in degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Kaliraj
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Suleman Abid
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Abid S, Mohanan P, Kaliraj L, Park JK, Ahn JC, Yang DC. Development of species-specific chloroplast markers for the authentication of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their distribution in the Korean peninsula. Fitoterapia 2019; 138:104295. [PMID: 31400481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a traditional oriental medicinal herb used as tea since ancient time. Among Gynostemma species, G. pentaphyllum has more active chemical components and better therapeutic effect. It is used to cure depression, diabetes, anxiety, hyperlipidemia, fatigue, immunity, cancer, and oxidative stress. Overexploitation of G. pentaphyllum for its medicinal benefits has been on a rise, due to which they are adulterated or mistakenly identified with other members of Gynostemma species. Hence, we used chloroplast universal regions such as ycf3, accD, petD, psbB and their polymorphism to distinguish G. pentaphyllum from other Gynostemma species. By using the species-specific primers derived from the above regions, we established a multiplex allele-specific PCR for the authentication of G. pentaphyllum from other species. Thus the PCR reaction produced unique amplicons of size 244 bp and 438 bp for G. pentaphyllum amplified by the primers flanking ycf3, and accD regions respectively. While a 607 bp, and 787 bp amplicons from the primers targeting psbB, and petD regions distinguished G. longipes, G. burmanicum, and G. pubescens species. Moreover, these primers were successful to analyze the dried tea samples of Gynostemma as well. Thus, the developed molecular markers could authenticate different Gynostemma species as well as its products thereby preventing the mistaken-identity of this medicinal herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Abid
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Padmanaban Mohanan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalitha Kaliraj
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Hoon Seo K, Markus J, Soshnikova V, Oh KH, Anandapadmanaban G, Elizabeth Jimenez Perez Z, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Facile and green synthesis of zinc oxide particles by Stevia Rebaudiana and its in vitro photocatalytic activity. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2019.1580291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoon Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- Graduate School of Biotechnology College of life science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Veronika Soshnikova
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyun Oh
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gokulanathan Anandapadmanaban
- Graduate School of Biotechnology College of life science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zuly Elizabeth Jimenez Perez
- Graduate School of Biotechnology College of life science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology College of life science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology College of life science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Chokkalingam M, Singh P, Huo Y, Soshnikova V, Ahn S, Kang J, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Facile synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using fruit extract of Lycium chinense and their anticancer activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim YJ, Perumalsamy H, Markus J, Balusamy SR, Wang C, Ho Kang S, Lee S, Park SY, Kim S, Castro-Aceituno V, Kim SH, Yang DC. Development of Lactobacillus kimchicus DCY51T-mediated gold nanoparticles for delivery of ginsenoside compound K: in vitro photothermal effects and apoptosis detection in cancer cells. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2019; 47:30-44. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1541900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Center for Global Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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Moon SS, Lee HJ, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DU, Lee DY, Min JW, Jimenez Z, Yang DC. Synthesis of a Novel α-Glucosyl Ginsenoside F1 by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase and Its In Vitro Cosmetic Applications. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040142. [PMID: 30423825 PMCID: PMC6315644 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) are unique triterpenoidal saponins that are considered to be responsible for most of the pharmacological activities of P. ginseng. However, the various linkage positions cause different pharmacological activities. In this context, we aimed to synthesize new derivatives of ginsenosides with unusual linkages that show enhanced pharmacological activities. Novel α-glycosylated derivatives of ginsenoside F1 were synthesized from transglycosylation reactions of dextrin (sugar donor) and ginsenoside F1 (acceptor) by the successive actions of Toruzyme®3.0L, a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. One of the resultant products was isolated and identified as (20S)-3β,6α,12β-trihydroxydammar-24ene-(20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-glucopyranoside) by various spectroscopic characterization techniques of fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), 13C-NMR, gradient heteronuclear single quantum coherence (gHSQC), and gradient heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (gHMBC). As expected, the novel α-glycosylated ginsenoside F1 (G1-F1) exhibited increased solubility, lower cytotoxicity toward human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF), and higher tyrosinase activity and ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced inhibitory activity against matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) than ginsenoside F1. Since F1 has been reported as an antiaging and antioxidant agent, the enhanced efficacies of the novel α-glycosylated ginsenoside F1 suggest that it might be useful in cosmetic applications after screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soo Moon
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
- K-gen (corp), 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea.
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Min
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Zuly Jimenez
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
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Lee HA, Castro-Aceituno V, Abbai R, Moon SS, Kim YJ, Simu SY, Yang DC. Rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides as mediators of the eco-friendly synthesis of silver and gold spherical, face-centred cubic nanocrystals and its anti-migratory and cytotoxic potential in normal and cancer cell lines. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 46:285-294. [PMID: 29595324 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1457038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The water extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, the traditional oriental medicinal plant, mediated the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Aa-AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (Aa-AuNPs). First, its therapeutic rhizome was powdered prior to water extraction and then silver, gold nanoparticles were synthesized. Aa-AgNPs and Aa-AuNPs were found to be spherical, face-centred cubic nanocrystals with a Z-average hydrodynamic diameter of 190 and 258 nm, respectively. In addition, proteins and aromatic biomolecules were the plausible players associated with the production and stabilization of Aa-AgNPs; instead, phenolic compounds were responsible for the synthesis and stability of Aa-AuNPs. In vitro cytotoxic analysis revealed that up to 50 μg.mL-1 concentration Aa-AuNPs did not exhibit any toxicity on 3T3-L1, HT29 and MCF7 cell lines, while being specifically cytotoxic to A549 cell line. On the contrary, Aa-AgNPs displayed a significantly higher toxicity in comparison to Aa-AuNPs in all cell lines specially MCF7 cell line. Since cancer cells were more sensitive to Aa-Au/AgNPs treatments, further evaluation was done in order to determine their anticancer potential. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was not affected by Aa-AuNPs, on the other hand, Aa-AgNPs treatment exhibited a higher potential to induce oxidative stress in A549 cells than HT29 and MCF7 cells. In addition, Aa-Ag/AuNPs reduced cell migration in A549 cells at 10 and 50 μg.mL-1, respectively. So far, this is the only report uncovering the ability of A. asphodeloides to synthesize silver and gold nanoparticles with anticancer potential and also indirectly enabling its large-scale utilization with value addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun A Lee
- a Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Veronica Castro-Aceituno
- b Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Ragavendran Abbai
- a Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo Moon
- b Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- b Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Shakina Yesmin Simu
- a Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- a Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
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Kim CG, Castro-Aceituno V, Abbai R, Lee HA, Simu SY, Han Y, Hurh J, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Caspase-3/MAPK pathways as main regulators of the apoptotic effect of the phyto-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticle from dried stem of Eleutherococcus senticosus in human cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:128-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Markus J, Wang D, Kim YJ, Ahn S, Mathiyalagan R, Wang C, Yang DC. Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivities Evaluation of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by the Roots of Chinese Herbal Angelica pubescens Maxim. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:46. [PMID: 28097599 PMCID: PMC5241258 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthesis and biological applications of silver (DH-AgNps) and gold nanoparticles (DH-AuNps) mediated by the aqueous extract of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Du Huo) are explored. Du Huo is a medicinal root belonging to Angelica pubescens Maxim which possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. The absorption spectra of nanoparticles in varying root extract and metal ion concentration, pH, reaction temperatures, and time were recorded by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The presence of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps was confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance intensified at ~414 and ~540 nm, respectively. Field emission transmission electron micrograph (FE-TEM) analysis revealed the formation of quasi-spherical DH-AgNps and spherical icosahedral DH-AuNps. These novel DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps maintained an average crystallite size of 12.48 and 7.44 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps exhibited antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) radicals and the former exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica. The expected presence of flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and phenols on the nanoparticle surface were conjectured to grant protection against aggregation and free radical scavenging activity. DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps were further investigated for their cytotoxic properties in RAW264.7 macrophages for their potential application as drug carriers to sites of inflammation. In conclusion, this green synthesis is favorable for the advancement of plant mediated nano-carriers in drug delivery systems, cancer diagnostic, and medical imaging. Schematic diagram of biosynthesis of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps and evaluation of their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Markus
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
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Kim YJ, Sukweenadhi J, Seok JW, Kang CH, Choi ES, Subramaniyam S, Yang DC. Complete genome sequence of Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84 T, a novel plant Symbiont that promotes growth via induced systemic resistance. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:63. [PMID: 29046742 PMCID: PMC5640943 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the full genome sequence of Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (KCTC33428, JCM19885), which is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium isolated from humus soil of Yongin Forest in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The genome sequence of strain DCY84T provides greater understanding of the Paenibacillus species for practical use. This bacterium displays plant growth promotion via induced systemic resistance of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | - Johan Sukweenadhi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | | | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eul-Su Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
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Kang JP, Kim YJ, Singh P, Huo Y, Soshnikova V, Markus J, Ahn S, Chokkalingam M, Lee HA, Yang DC. Biosynthesis of gold and silver chloride nanoparticles mediated by Crataegus pinnatifida fruit extract: in vitro study of anti-inflammatory activities. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 46:1530-1540. [PMID: 28918663 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1376674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This research article investigates the one-pot synthesis of gold and silver chloride nanoparticles functionalized by fruit extract of Crataegus pinnatifida as reducing and stabilizing agents and their possible roles as novel anti-inflammatory agents. Hawthorn (C. pinnatifida) fruits are increasingly popular as raw materials for functional foods and anti-inflammatory potential agents because of abundant flavonoids. The reduction of auric chloride and silver nitrate by the aqueous fruit extract led to the formation of gold and silver chloride nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were further characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy indicated that CP-AuNps and CP-AgClNps were hexagonal and cubic shape, respectively. According to X-ray diffraction results, the average crystallite sizes of CP-AuNps and CP-AgClNps were 14.20 nm and 24.80 nm. The biosynthesized CP-AgClNps served as efficient antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, CP-AuNps and CP-AgClNps enhanced the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the fruit extract. Lastly, MTT assay of nanoparticles demonstrated low toxicity in murine macrophage (RAW264.7). Biosynthesized nanoparticles also reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokines including nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that CP-AuNps and CP-AgClNps can be used as novel drug carriers or biosensors with intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Pyo Kang
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Singh
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Huo
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Veronika Soshnikova
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Mohan Chokkalingam
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Lee
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea.,b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
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Castro-Aceituno V, Abbai R, Moon SS, Ahn S, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Pleuropterus multiflorus (Hasuo) mediated straightforward eco-friendly synthesis of silver, gold nanoparticles and evaluation of their anti-cancer activity on A549 lung cancer cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:995-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Oh KH, Soshnikova V, Markus J, Kim YJ, Lee SC, Singh P, Castro-Aceituno V, Ahn S, Kim DH, Shim YJ, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles by aqueous fruit extract of Chaenomeles sinensis and screening of their biomedical activities. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2017; 46:599-606. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1332636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keun Hyun Oh
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Veronika Soshnikova
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Shim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Singh P, Kim YJ, Singh H, Ahn S, Castro-Aceituno V, Yang DC. In situ preparation of water-soluble ginsenoside Rh2-entrapped bovine serum albumin nanoparticles: in vitro cytocompatibility studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4073-4084. [PMID: 28603419 PMCID: PMC5457120 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s125154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates a simple and convenient one-step procedure for the preparation of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-Rh2 nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature. In this work, ginsenoside Rh2 was entrapped within the BSA protein to form BSA-Rh2 NPs to enhance the aqueous solubility, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of Rh2. The physiochemical characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the prepared BSA-Rh2 NPs were spherical, highly monodispersed, and stable in aqueous systems. In addition, the stability of NPs in terms of different time intervals, pHs, and temperatures (20°C–700°C) was analyzed. The results obtained with different pHs showed that the synthesized BSA-Rh2 NPs were stable in the physiological buffer (pH 7.4) for up to 8 days, but degraded under acidic conditions (pH 5.0) representing the pH inside tumor cells. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the water solubility of BSA-Rh2 NPs and standard Rh2 showed that the BSA nanocarrier enhanced the water solubility of Rh2. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assays including cell viability assays and morphological analyses revealed that Rh2-entrapped BSA NPs, unlike the free Rh2, demonstrated better in vitro cell viability in HaCaT skin cell lines and that BSA enhanced the anticancer effect of Rh2 in A549 lung cell and HT29 colon cancer cell lines. Additionally, anti-inflammatory assay of BSA-Rh2 NPs and standard Rh2 performed using RAW264.7 cells revealed decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by BSA-Rh2 NPs. Collectively, the present study suggests that BSA can significantly enhance the therapeutic behavior of Rh2 by improving its solubility and stability in aqueous systems, and hence, BSA-Rh2 NPs may potentially be used as a ginsenoside delivery vehicle in cancer and inflammatory cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank
| | - Hina Singh
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank
| | | | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Jiménez-Pérez ZE, Singh P, Kim YJ, Mathiyalagan R, Kim DH, Lee MH, Yang DC. Applications of Panax ginseng leaves-mediated gold nanoparticles in cosmetics relation to antioxidant, moisture retention, and whitening effect on B16BL6 cells. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:327-333. [PMID: 29983614 PMCID: PMC6026357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bioactive compounds in plant extracts are able to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles through the process of green synthesis. Panax ginseng is an oriental medicinal herb and an adaptogen which has been historically used to cure various diseases. In addition, the P. ginseng leaves-mediated gold nanoparticles are the value-added novel materials. Its potential as a cosmetic ingredient is still unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, moisture retention and whitening properties of gold nanoparticles (PgAuNPs) in cosmetic applications. Methods Cell-free experiments were performed to evaluate PgAuNP's antioxidant and moisture retention properties and inhibition activity on mushroom tyrosinase. Furthermore, in vitro cell cytotoxicity was evaluated using normal human dermal fibroblast and murine B16BL6 melanoma cells (B16) after treatment with increasing concentrations of PgAuNPs for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Finally, in vitro cell assays on B16 cells were performed to evaluate the whitening effect of PgAuNPs through reduction of cellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Results In vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay results revealed that PgAuNPs exhibited antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. PgAuNPs exhibited moisture retention capacity and effectively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase. In addition, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide results revealed that PgAuNPs were not toxic to human dermal fibroblast and B16 cells; in addition, they significantly reduced melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and mRNA expression of melanogenesis-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase in B16 cells. Conclusion Our study is the first report to provide evidence supporting that P. ginseng leaves-capped gold nanoparticles could be used as multifunctional ingredients in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuly Elizabeth Jiménez-Pérez
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Jiménez Z, Kim YJ, Mathiyalagan R, Seo KH, Mohanan P, Ahn JC, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Assessment of radical scavenging, whitening and moisture retention activities of Panax ginseng berry mediated gold nanoparticles as safe and efficient novel cosmetic material. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2017; 46:333-340. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1307216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuly Jiménez
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Padmanaban Mohanan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Huo Y, Singh P, Kim YJ, Soshnikova V, Kang J, Markus J, Ahn S, Castro-Aceituno V, Mathiyalagan R, Chokkalingam M, Bae KS, Yang DC. Biological synthesis of gold and silver chloride nanoparticles by Glycyrrhiza uralensis and in vitro applications. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 46:303-312. [PMID: 28375686 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1307213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study highlights the rapid biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Gu-AuNps) and silver chloride nanoparticles (Gu-AgClNps) by aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, a medicinal plant. G. uralensis has been reported for anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. The reduction of chloroauric acid and silver nitrate by the Glycyrrhiza root extract prompted the formation of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps within 4 and 40 min at 80 °C, respectively. The complete reaction did not require supplemental reducing and stabilizing agents, which demonstrated green synthesis. Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) revealed the spherical shape of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed face-centred cubic structure of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps with average crystallite size 12.25 nm and 8.01 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized Gu-AgClNps served as competent antimicrobial agent against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Additionally, Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps were analyzed for their catalytic ability to reduce methylene blue as model test pollutant. Likewise, both nanoparticles possessed free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH). Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity in murine macrophage (RAW264.7) and human breast cancer (MCF7) cells were evaluated. Thus, the study proposes a green synthesis of Gu-AuNps and Gu-AgClNps by G. uralensis extract and in vitro biological applications. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huo
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Singh
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Veronika Soshnikova
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpyo Kang
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Mohan Chokkalingam
- b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi-Sik Bae
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea.,b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
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Soshnikova V, Kim YJ, Singh P, Huo Y, Markus J, Ahn S, Castro-Aceituno V, Kang J, Chokkalingam M, Mathiyalagan R, Yang DC. Cardamom fruits as a green resource for facile synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and their biological applications. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 46:108-117. [PMID: 28290213 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1296849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gold (FA-AuNps) and silver (FA-AgNps) nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature by aqueous extract of dried fruits of Amomum villosum, also known as Fructus Amomi (cardamom), in order to confer antioxidant, catalytic, antimicrobial activities and treatment effect against breast cancer cells. Fruit extracts served as both reducing agents and stabilizers in lieu of chemical agents. Ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, elemental mapping, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Both FA-AuNps and FA-AgNps exhibited free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH). Additionally, biosynthesized nanoparticles successfully reduced methylene blue, a well-known redox indicator. FA-AgNps showed zones of inhibition against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Finally, the biological activities and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles were subsequently investigated in vitro. FA-AuNps demonstrated a potential cytotoxic agent against breast cancer cells as evaluated by MTT assay. The study highlights a rapid synthesis of FA-AuNps and FA-AgNps by dried Fructus Amomi aqueous extract and evaluates their potential biological applications on medical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Soshnikova
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Singh
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Huo
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Josua Markus
- b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of life science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpyo Kang
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Mohan Chokkalingam
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of life science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea.,b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of life science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Republic of Korea
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Jiménez Pérez ZE, Mathiyalagan R, Markus J, Kim YJ, Kang HM, Abbai R, Seo KH, Wang D, Soshnikova V, Yang DC. Ginseng-berry-mediated gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity effects on human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:709-723. [PMID: 28260881 PMCID: PMC5325135 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s118373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the design of environmentally affable and biocompatible nanoparticles among scientists to find novel and safe biomaterials. Panax ginseng Meyer berries have unique phytochemical profile and exhibit beneficial pharmacological activities such as antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, antiaging, and antioxidant properties. A comprehensive study of the biologically active compounds in ginseng berry extract (GBE) and the ability of ginseng berry (GB) as novel material for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GBAuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (GBAgNPs) was conducted. In addition, the effects of GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs on skin cell lines for further potential biological applications are highlighted. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs were synthesized using aqueous GBE as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their size, morphology, and crystallinity. The nanoparticles were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity activities and for morphological changes in human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines. The phytochemicals contained in GBE effectively reduced and capped gold and silver ions to form GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs. The optimal synthesis conditions (ie, temperature and v/v % of GBE) and kinetics were investigated. Polysaccharides and phenolic compounds present in GBE were suggested to be responsible for stabilization and functionalization of nanoparticles. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs showed increased scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals compared to GBE. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs effectively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase, while GBAgNPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, GBAuNPs were nontoxic to human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma cell lines, and GBAgNPs showed cytotoxic effect on murine melanoma cell lines. The current results evidently suggest that GBAgNPs can act as potential agents for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial activities. In addition, GBAuNPs can be further developed into mediators in drug delivery and as antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and protective skin agents in cosmetic products. Consequently, the study showed the advantages of using nanotechnology and green chemistry to enhance the natural properties of GBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Advanced Cosmeceutical Technology R&D Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang Hoon Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Veronika Soshnikova
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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