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Okyar A, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Surme S, Pala Kara Z, Kavakli IH. The role of the circadian timing system on drug metabolism and detoxification: an update. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38753451 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2356167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 24-hour variations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, collectively known as pharmacokinetics, are fundamentally influenced by rhythmic physiological processes regulated by the molecular clock. Recent advances have elucidated the intricacies of the circadian timing system and the molecular interplay between biological clocks, enzymes and transporters in preclinical level. AREA COVERED Circadian rhythm of the drug metabolizing enzymes and carrier efflux functions possess a major role for drug metabolism and detoxification. The efflux and metabolism function of intestines and liver seems important. The investigations revealed that the ABC and SLC transporter families, along with cytochrome p-450 systems in the intestine, liver, and kidney, play a dominant role in the circadian detoxification of drugs. Additionally, the circadian control of efflux by the blood-brain barrier is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The influence of the circadian timing system on drug pharmacokinetics significantly impacts the efficacy, adverse effects, and toxicity profiles of various drugs. Moreover, the emergence of sex-related circadian changes in the metabolism and detoxification processes has underscored the importance of considering gender-specific differences in drug tolerability and pharmacology. A better understanding of coupling between central clock and circadian metabolism/transport contributes to the development of more rational drug utilization and the implementation of chronotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saliha Surme
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - I Halil Kavakli
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Ozturk Civelek D, Ozturk Seyhan N, Akyel YK, Gazioglu I, Pala Kara Z, Orman MN, Okyar A. Dosing-time, feeding, and sex-dependent variations of everolimus pharmacokinetics in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38500383 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Everolimus is an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant and anticancer. Its pharmacokinetics is highly variable, it has a narrow therapeutic window and shows chronotoxicity with the best time at ZT13 and worst time at ZT1 (ZT; Zeitgeber time, time after light onset) in the preclinical setting. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the pharmacokinetics of everolimus vary according to dosing time and whether sex and feeding status interfere with the chronopharmacokinetics. METHOD A single dosage of 5 mg/kg everolimus was administered orally to C57BL/6J male and female mice, in fed or fasted states at ZT1-rest and ZT13-activity times and blood and tissue samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h following drug administration. Ileum, liver, plasma, and thymus concentrations of everolimus were determined. RESULTS Females had a greater ileum AUC0-24h than males when fed (P = 0.043). Everolimus AUC0-24h in the liver was substantially greater at ZT1 than at ZT13 in a fasted state (P = 0.001). Plasma Cmax , AUC0-24h , and AUCtotal were not statistically significant between the groups (P = 0.098). In one of the target organs of everolimus, the thymus, males had considerably higher amounts at ZT1 than females (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION Our findings imply that the pharmacokinetics of everolimus in mice may differ according to dosing time, sex, and feeding. Greater tissue distribution of everolimus at ZT1 may be associated with the worst tolerated time of everolimus. Our research suggests that oral chronomodulated everolimus therapy may be more effective and safer for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Ozturk Seyhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet N Orman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Aydin BS, Sagiroglu AA, Ozturk Civelek D, Gokce M, Bahadori F. Development of Curcumin and Turmerone Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle for Topical Delivery: Optimization, Characterization and Skin Irritation Evaluation with 3D Tissue Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1951-1966. [PMID: 38435752 PMCID: PMC10907133 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Curcuma longa L., commonly known as turmeric, is renowned for its therapeutic benefits attributed to bioactive compounds, namely curcumin (Cur) and aromatic turmerone (Tur), present in its rhizome. These compounds exhibit diverse therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. However, the topical application of these compounds has a significant potential for inducing skin irritation. This study focuses on formulating solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) carriers encapsulating both Cur and Tur for reduced irritation and enhanced stability. Methods SLN formulations were prepared by a method using homogenization followed by ultrasonication procedures and optimized by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Results The optimized SLN formulation demonstrated entrapment efficiencies, with 77.21 ± 4.28% for Cur and 75.12 ± 2.51% for Tur. A size distribution of 292.11 ± 9.43 nm was obtained, which was confirmed to be a spherical and uniform shape via environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images. The in vitro release study indicated cumulative releases of 71.32 ± 3.73% for Cur and 67.23 ± 1.64% for Tur after 24 hours under sink conditions. Physical stability tests confirmed the stability of formulation, allowing storage at 4°C for a minimum of 60 days. Notably, in vitro skin irritation studies, utilizing the reconstructed human epidermal model (EPI-200-SIT), revealed a significant reduction in irritation with the SLN containing Cur and Tur compared to nonencapsulated Cur and Tur. Conclusion These findings collectively endorse the optimized SLN formulation as a favorable delivery system for Cur and Tur in diverse topical uses, offering enhanced stability, controlled release and reduced irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Sümeyye Aydin
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Ali Asram Sagiroglu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, 34093, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Gokce
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, 34093, Türkiye
| | - Fatemeh Bahadori
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
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Civelek E, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Kaleli Durman D, Okyar A. Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1077. [PMID: 37626963 PMCID: PMC10452180 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential for survival and reproduction, the circadian timing system (CTS) regulates adaptation to cyclical changes such as the light/dark cycle, temperature change, and food availability. The regulation of energy homeostasis possesses rhythmic properties that correspond to constantly fluctuating needs for energy production and consumption. Adipose tissue is mainly responsible for energy storage and, thus, operates as one of the principal components of energy homeostasis regulation. In accordance with its roles in energy homeostasis, alterations in adipose tissue's physiological processes are associated with numerous pathologies, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These alterations also include changes in circadian rhythm. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the circadian rhythmicity of adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipokine secretion, browning, and non-shivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue and to evaluate possible links between those alterations and metabolic diseases. Based on this evaluation, potential therapeutic approaches, as well as clock genes as potential therapeutic targets, are also discussed in the context of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Deniz Kaleli Durman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
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Akyel YK, Ozturk Civelek D, Ozturk Seyhan N, Gul S, Gazioglu I, Pala Kara Z, Lévi F, Kavakli IH, Okyar A. Diurnal Changes in Capecitabine Clock-Controlled Metabolism Enzymes Are Responsible for Its Pharmacokinetics in Male Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:171-184. [PMID: 36762608 PMCID: PMC10037547 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221148779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system controls absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination processes of drug pharmacokinetics over a 24-h period. Exposure of target tissues to the active form of the drug and cytotoxicity display variations depending on the chronopharmacokinetics. For anticancer drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges and dose-limiting side effects, it is particularly important to know the temporal changes in pharmacokinetics. A previous study indicated that pharmacokinetic profile of capecitabine was different depending on dosing time in rat. However, it is not known how such difference is attributed with respect to diurnal rhythm. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated capecitabine-metabolizing enzymes in a diurnal rhythm-dependent manner. To this end, C57BL/6J male mice were orally treated with 500 mg/kg capecitabine at ZT1, ZT7, ZT13, or ZT19. We then determined pharmacokinetics of capecitabine and its metabolites, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'DFCR), 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'DFUR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in plasma and liver. Results revealed that plasma Cmax and AUC0-6h (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 6 h) values of capecitabine, 5'DFUR, and 5-FU were higher during the rest phase (ZT1 and ZT7) than the activity phase (ZT13 and ZT19) (p < 0.05). Similarly, Cmax and AUC0-6h values of 5'DFUR and 5-FU in liver were higher during the rest phase than activity phase (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in liver concentrations of capecitabine and 5'DFCR. We determined the level of the enzymes responsible for the conversion of capecitabine and its metabolites at each ZT. Results indicated the levels of carboxylesterase 1 and 2, cytidine deaminase, uridine phosphorylase 2, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) are being rhythmically regulated and, in turn, attributed different pharmacokinetics profiles of capecitabine and its metabolism. This study highlights the importance of capecitabine administration time to increase the efficacy with minimum adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Ozturk Seyhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seref Gul
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francis Lévi
- UPR "Chronotherapy, Cancer and Transplantation," Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Medical Oncology Department, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Cancer Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zengin Kurt B, Celebi G, Ozturk Civelek D, Angeli A, Akdemir A, Sonmez F, Supuran CT. Tail-Approach-Based Design and Synthesis of Coumarin-Monoterpenes as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents. ACS Omega 2023; 8:5787-5807. [PMID: 36816648 PMCID: PMC9933483 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sixty novel coumarin-monoterpene compounds were synthesized in two series [thirty-two compounds (12-43) bearing a triazole ring in the first series, and twenty-eight compounds (44-71) bearing an alkyl chain in the second one]. Their inhibitory effects on the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, and XII and anticancer potentials were determined. All synthesized molecules selectively inhibited CA IX and XII. 23 and 42 were found to be the strongest inhibitors, with K i values of 1.9 nM against hCA IX. Also, 70 showed the highest inhibitory activity with a K i value of 4.9 nM against hCA XII. Moreover, their cytotoxic effects on colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines were evaluated. According to the cytotoxicity results, 14 (IC50 = 2.48 μM) and 63 (IC50 = 3.91 μM) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 cells, while 23 showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on both PC-3 (IC50 = 9.40 μM) and HT-29 (IC50 = 12.10 μM) cell lines. 14, 23, and 66 decreased CA IX and CA XII protein expression in HT-29 cells, while 23 and 66 showed the strongest reduction of both CA IX and CA XII in MCF-7 cells. All of the selected compounds increased total apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in HT-29 and MCF-7 cells. 14 has the strongest apoptotic effect in MCF-7 cells. 23 increased early apoptosis primarily, while 14 and 66 increased total apoptosis in HT-29. In addition, PI/Hoechst staining proves that apoptotic cells are increased in HT-29 with an effect of 14, 23, and 66. As a result of the modeling studies, it has been shown that only the open coumarin form of the compounds can interact directly with the active-site Zn2+ ion. It has been shown that coumarin-monoterpene structures with different alkyl and monoterpene groups both specifically inhibit CA IX and XII and exhibit specific cytotoxicity in different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Zengin Kurt
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Türkiye
| | - Gulsen Celebi
- Faculty
of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Türkiye
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento
Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Computer-Aided Drug Discovery
Laboratory, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Sonmez
- Pamukova
Vocational School, Sakarya University of
Applied Sciences, Sakarya 54055, Türkiye
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento
Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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Ozturk N, Ozturk Civelek D, Sancar S, Kaptan E, Pala Kara Z, Okyar A. Dosing-time dependent testicular toxicity of everolimus in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 165:105926. [PMID: 34242751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system controls many biological functions in mammals including drug metabolism and detoxification, cell cycle events, and thus may affect pharmacokinetics, target organ toxicity and efficacy of medicines. Selective mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor everolimus is an immunosuppressant and anticancer drug that is effective against several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate dosing-time dependent testicular toxicity of subacute everolimus administration in mice. C57BL/6 J male mice were synchronized with Light-Dark (12h:12 h) cycle, with Light-onset at Zeitgeber Time (ZT)-0. Everolimus (5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to mice at ZT1rest-span or ZT13activity-span for 4 weeks. Body weight loss, clinical signs, changes in testicular weights, testis histology, spermatogenesis and proliferative activity of germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules were examined. Steady-state everolimus concentrations in testes were determined with validated HPLC method. Everolimus toxicity was less severe following dosing at ZT13 compared to ZT1, as shown with least body weight loss (p<0.001), least reductions in testes weights (p<0.001) and least histopathological findings. Everolimus-induced histological changes on testes included vacuolisation and atrophy of germinal epithelium, and loss of germinal cell attachment. The severity of everolimus-induced histological toxicity on testes was significantly more evident in mice treated at ZT1 than ZT13 (p<0.001). Spermatogenic cell population significantly decreased when everolimus administered at ZT1 compared to ZT13 (p<0.001). Proliferative activity of germinal epithelium was significantly decreased due to treatment at ZT1 compared to ZT13 (p<0.001). Everolimus concentrations in testes indicated a pronounced circadian variation, which was greater in mice treated at ZT1 compared to ZT13 (p<0.05). Our study revealed dosing-time dependent testicular toxicity of everolimus in mice, which was greater in severity when everolimus administered at early rest-span (daytime-ZT1) than early activity-span (nighttime-ZT13). These findings support the concept of everolimus chronotherapy for minimizing reproductive toxicity and increasing the tolerability of everolimus, as a clinical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Ozturk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sancar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Kaptan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cakmak EB, Zengin Kurt B, Ozturk Civelek D, Angeli A, Akdemir A, Sonmez F, Supuran CT, Kucukislamoglu M. Quinoline-sulfamoyl carbamates/sulfamide derivatives: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and molecular modelling studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104778. [PMID: 33684713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX, and XII isoforms are known to be highly expressed in various human tissues and malignancies. CA IX is a prominent target for some cancers because it is overexpressed in hypoxic tumors and this overexpression leads to poor prognosis. Novel twenty-seven compounds in two series (sulfamoylcarbamate-based quinoline (2a-2o) and sulfamide-based quinoline (3a-3l)) were synthesized and characterized by means of IR, NMR, and mass spectra. Their inhibitory activities were evaluated against CA I, CA II, CA IX, and CA XII isoforms. 2-Phenylpropyl (N-(quinolin-8-yl)sulfamoyl)carbamate (2m) exhibited the highest hCA IX inhibition with the Ki of 0.5 µM. In addition, cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29; HTB-38), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7; HTB-22), human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3; CRL-1435) and human healthy skin fibroblast (CCD-986Sk; CRL-1947) cell lines were examined. The cytotoxicity results showed that 2j, 3a, 3e, 3f are most active compounds in all cell lines (HT-29, MCF7, PC3, and CCD-986Sk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmas Begum Cakmak
- Sakarya University, Institute of Natural Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Belma Zengin Kurt
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Computer-aided Drug Discovery Laboratory, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sonmez
- Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Pamukova Vocational School, 54055 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mustafa Kucukislamoglu
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey
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