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Strickland S, Jorns M, Fourroux L, Heyd L, Pappas D. Cancer Cell Targeting Via Selective Transferrin Receptor Labeling Using Protein-Derived Carbon Dots. ACS Omega 2024; 9:2707-2718. [PMID: 38250381 PMCID: PMC10795060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dot (CD) nanoparticles offer tremendous advantages as fluorescent probes in bioimaging and biosensing; however, they lack specific affinity for biomolecules, limiting their practical applications in selective targeting. Nanoparticles with intrinsic affinity for a target have applications in imaging, cytometry, therapeutics, etc. Toward that end, we report the transferrin receptor (CD71) targeting CDs, synthesized for the first time. The formation of these particles is truly groundbreaking, as direct tuning of nanoparticle affinity was achieved by simple and careful precursor selection of a protein, which has the targeting characteristic of interest. We hypothesized that the retention of the original protein's peptides on the nanoparticle surface provides the CDs with some of the function of the precursor protein, enabling selective binding to the protein's receptor. This was confirmed with FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) data and subsequent affinity-based cell assays. These transferrin (Tf)-derived CDs have been shown to possess an affinity for CD71, a cancer biomarker that is ubiquitously expressed in nearly every cancer cell line due to its central role mediating the uptake of cellular iron. The CDs were tested using the human leukemia cell line HL60 and demonstrated the selective targeting of CD71 and specific triggering of transferrin-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits. The particle characterization results reflect a carbon-based nanoparticle with bright violet fluorescence and 7.9% quantum yield in aqueous solution. These unpresented CDs proved to retain the functional properties of the precursor protein. Indicating that this process can be repeated for other disease biomarkers for applications ranging from biosensing and diagnostic bioimaging to targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Strickland
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mychele Jorns
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Luke Fourroux
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Lindsey Heyd
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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2
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Yang Y, Griffin K, Li X, Sharp E, Young L, Garcia L, Griswold J, Pappas D. Combined CD25, CD64, and CD69 Biomarker in 3D-Printed Multizone Millifluidic Device for Sepsis Detection in Clinical Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12819-12825. [PMID: 37556314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious medical condition that arises from a runaway response to an infection, which triggers the immune system to release chemicals into the bloodstream. This immune response can result in widespread inflammation throughout the body, which may cause harm to vital organs and, in more severe cases, lead to organ failure and death. Timely and accurate diagnosis of sepsis remains a challenge in analytical diagnostics. In this work, we have developed and validated a sepsis detection device, utilizing 3D printing technology, which incorporates multiple affinity separation zones. Our device requires minimal operator intervention and utilizes CD64, CD69, and CD25 as the biomarker targets for detecting sepsis in liquid biopsies. We assessed the effectiveness of our 3D-printed multizone cell separation device by testing it on clinical samples obtained from both septic patients (n = 35) and healthy volunteers (n = 8) and validated its performance accordingly. Unlike previous devices using poly(dimethyl siloxane), the 3D-printed device had reduced nonspecific binding for anti-CD25 capture, allowing this biomarker to be assayed for the first time in cell separations. Our results showed a statistically significant difference in cell capture between septic and healthy samples (with p values of 0.0001 for CD64, CD69, and CD25), suggesting that 3D-printed multizone cell capture is a reliable method for distinguishing sepsis. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of the captured cell counts for each antigen in detecting sepsis. The ROC area under the curve (AUC) values for on-chip detection of CD64+, CD69+, and CD25+ leukocytes were 0.96, 0.92, and 0.88, respectively, indicating our diagnostic test matches clinical outcomes. When combined for sepsis diagnosis, the AUC value for CD64, CD69, and CD25 was 0.99, indicating an improved diagnostic performance due to the use of multiple biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kitiara Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Elizabeth Sharp
- Clinical Research Institute, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Lane Young
- Clinical Research Institute, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Liza Garcia
- Clinical Research Institute, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - John Griswold
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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3
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Yang Y, Griffin K, Villareal S, Pappas D. Isolation of Cancer Cells from Liquid Biopsies Using 3D-Printed Affinity Devices. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2679:233-240. [PMID: 37300620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3271-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies are examination procedures for deciding the grouping of malignant growth cells tracked down in samples of blood and other body fluids. Liquid biopsies are likewise significantly less intrusive than tissue biopsies as they just require small amount of blood or body fluids from the patient. With the utilization of microfluidics, cancer cells can be isolated from the fluid biopsy and achieve early diagnosis. 3D printing is turning out to be progressively well known for microfluidic devices creation. 3D printing has shown multiple advantages compared to traditional microfluidic devices production, including effortless large-scale manufacturing of precise copies, the fuse of new materials, and execution of additional complicated or drawn-out plans that are hard to execute in conventional microfluidic devices. Combining 3D printing with microfluidics makes for a relatively inexpensive analysis of liquid biopsies with a chip that can be more advantageous to use over traditional microfluidic chips. In this chapter, a method for affinity-based separation of cancer cells in a liquid biopsy using a 3D microfluidic chip will be discussed, along with the rationale behind the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kitiara Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Villareal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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4
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Thompson S, Jorns M, Pappas D. Synthesis and Characterization of Dye-Doped Au@SiO 2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2022; 76:1367-1374. [PMID: 36281541 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dye-doped nanoparticles have been investigated as bright, fluorescent probes for localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Nanoparticle size is important in super-resolution microscopy to get an accurate size of the object of interest from image analysis. Due to their self-blinking behavior and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), Ag@SiO2 and Au@Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles have shown promise as probes for localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Here, several noble metal-based dye-doped core-shell nanoparticles have been investigated as self-blinking nanomaterial probes. It was observed that both the gold- and silver-plated nanoparticle cores exhibit weak luminescence under certain conditions due to the surface plasmon resonance bands produced by each metal, and the gold cores exhibit blinking behavior which enhances the blinking and fluorescence of the dye-doped nanoparticle. However, the silver-plated nanoparticle cores, while weakly luminescent, did not exhibit any blinking; the dye-doped nanoparticle exhibited the same behavior as the core fluorescent, but did not blink. Because of the blinking behavior, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) super-resolution analysis was able to be performed with performed on the gold core nanoparticles. A preliminary study on the use of these nanoparticles for localization-based super-resolution showed that these nanoparticles are suitable for use in STORM super resolution. Resolution enhancement was two times better than the diffraction limited images, with core sizes reduced to 15 nm using the hybrid Au-Ag cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 6177Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mychele Jorns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 6177Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 6177Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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5
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Yang Y, Li X, Pappas D. Isolation of leukemia and breast cancer cells from liquid biopsies and clinical samples at low concentration in a 3D printed cell separation device via transferrin-receptor affinity. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Strickland S, Jorns M, Heyd L, Pappas D. Novel synthesis of fibronectin derived photoluminescent carbon dots for bioimaging applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30487-30494. [PMID: 36337972 PMCID: PMC9597609 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) derived from human plasma has been used for the first time as the carbon precursor in the top-down, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon dots (CDs). FN is a large glycoprotein primarily known for its roles in cell adhesion and cell growth. Due to these properties FN can be over expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of some cancers allowing FN to be used as an indicator for the detection of cancerous cells over non-cancerous cells. These FN derived CDs display violet photoluminescence with UV excitation and appear to possess similar functional groups on their surface to their carbon precursor (-COOH and -NH2). This is believed to be due to the self-passivation of the CDs' nitrogen-containing surface functional groups during the heating process. These CDs were then used to stain MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cells and were observed to interact primarily with the cell membrane rather than intercalating into the cell like the many other types of CDs. This led to the hypothesis that the CDs are selectively binding to the FN overexpressed within the cancer cells' ECM via amide linkages. This is in agreement with the EDX and FTIR spectra of the FN CDs which indicate the presence of -COOH and nitrogen containing surface groups like -NH3. The inherent selectivity of the CDs combined with their ability to photoluminesce enables their use as a fluorophore for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Strickland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Mychele Jorns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Lindsey Heyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
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7
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Li X, Yang Y, Villareal SC, Griffin K, Pappas D. High-recovery sorting of cancer cells from whole blood via periodic-focusing inertial microchip. Analyst 2022; 147:4536-4546. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01310j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidic devices continue to show promise for label-free separation of cells from liquid biopsies and other biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Yijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Sarah C. Villareal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kitiara Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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8
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Jorns M, Pappas D. A Review of Fluorescent Carbon Dots, Their Synthesis, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, and Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1448. [PMID: 34070762 PMCID: PMC8228846 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a particularly useful type of fluorescent nanoparticle that demonstrate biocompatibility, resistance to photobleaching, as well as diversity in composition and characteristics amongst the different types available. There are two main morphologies of CDs: Disk-shaped with 1-3 stacked sheets of aromatic carbon rings and quasi-spherical with a core-shell arrangement having crystalline and amorphous properties. They can be synthesized from various potentially environmentally friendly methods including hydrothermal carbonization, microwaving, pyrolysis or combustion, and are then purified via one or more methods. CDs can have either excitation wavelength-dependent or -independent emission with each having their own benefits in microscopic fluorescent imaging. Some CDs have an affinity for a particular cell type, organelle or chemical. This property allows the CDs to be used as sensors in a biological environment and can even provide quantitative information if the quenching or intensity of their fluorescence is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. In addition to fluorescent imaging, CDs can also be used for other applications including drug delivery, quality control, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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9
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Li X, Zhou Y, Wickramaratne B, Yang Y, Pappas D. A comparison of transferrin-receptor and epithelial cellular adhesion molecule targeting for microfluidic separation of cancer cells. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:28. [PMID: 33909118 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic, flow cytometry, and immunomagnetic methods for cancer cell isolation have heavily relied on the Epithelial Cellular Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) for affinity separation. While EpCAM has been used extensively for circulating tumor cell isolation, it cannot be used to isolate non-epithelial cells. The human transferrin receptor (CD71) can also be used for cancer cell isolation and has the advantage that as an affinity target it can separate virtually any cancer cell type, regardless of disease origin. However, direct comparison of the capture ability of EpCAM and CD71 has not been reported previously. In this work, cell capture with both EpCAM and CD71 were studied using a novel higher-throughput herringbone cell separation microfluidic device. Five separation chip models were designed and the one with the highest capture efficiency (average 90 ± 10%) was chosen to compare antigen targets for cell capture. Multiple cancer cell lines including CCRF-CEM, PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 were tested for cell capture performance using both ligands (anti-CD71 and anti-EpCAM) in the optimized chip design. PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells were spiked into blood at concentrations ranging from 0.5%-10%. PC-3 cells were separated by anti-CD71 and anti-EpCAM with 32-37% and 31-50% capture purity respectively, while MDA-MB-231 were separated with 35-53% and 33-56% capture purity using anti-CD71 and anti-EpCAM for all concentrations. The enrichment factor for the lowest concentrations of cells in blood ranged from 66-74X. The resulting enrichment of cancer cells shows that anti-CD71 was found to be statistically similar to anti-EpCAM for epithelial cancer cells, while anti-CD71 can be further used for non-epithelial cells, where anti-EpCAM cannot be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Bhagya Wickramaratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Yijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Sepsis is a complex disorder of immune system response to infections that can be caused by a wide range of clinical contexts. Traditional methods for sepsis detection include molecular diagnosis, biomarkers either based on protein concentration or cell surface expression, and microbiological cultures. Development of point-of-care (POC) instruments, which can provide high accuracy and consume less time, is in unprecedented demand. Within the past few years, applications of microfluidic systems for sepsis detection have achieved excellent performance. In this review, we discuss the most recent microfluidic applications specifically in sepsis detection, and propose their advantages and disadvantages. We also present a comprehensive review of other traditional and current sepsis diagnosis methods to obtain a general understanding of the present conditions, which can hopefully direct the development of a new sepsis roadmap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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11
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Thompson S, Pappas D. Protein-, polymer-, and silica-based luminescent nanomaterial probes for super resolution microscopy: a review. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:1853-1864. [PMID: 34381961 PMCID: PMC8323812 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Super resolution microscopy was developed to overcome the Abbe diffraction limit, which effects conventional optical microscopy, in order to study the smaller components of biological systems. In recent years nanomaterials have been explored as luminescent probes for super resolution microscopy, as many have advantages over traditional fluorescent dye molecules. This review will summarize several different types of nanomaterial probes, covering quantum dots, carbon dots, and dye doped nanoparticles. For the purposes of this review the term "nanoparticle" will be limited to polymer-based, protein-based, and silica-based nanoparticles, including core-shell structured nanoparticles. Luminescent nanomaterials have shown promise as super-resolution probes, and continued research in this area will yield new advances in both materials science and biochemical microscopy at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University USA
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12
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Blacksburg S, Sheu R, Carpenter T, Demircioglu G, Witten M, Mendez C, Ilyas A, Dodin F, Chieng T, Garbus J, Pappas D, Haas J. Low Body Mass Index As a Risk Factor for Long-Term Proctitis after Prostate SBRT: Assessing the Dosimetric and Clinical Implications. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Pappas D, Gkelis S, Panteris E. The effects of microcystin-LR in Oryza sativa root cells: F-actin as a new target of cyanobacterial toxicity. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:839-849. [PMID: 32268449 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria, notorious for negatively affecting a wide range of living organisms, among which several plant species. Although microtubules are a well-established target of microcystin toxicity, its effect on filamentous actin (F-actin) in plant cells has not yet been studied. Τhe effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and an extract of a microcystin-producing freshwater cyanobacterial strain (Microcystis flos-aquae TAU-MAC 1510) on the cytoskeleton (F-actin and microtubules) of Oryza sativa (rice) root cells were studied with light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. Considering the role of F-actin in endomembrane system distribution, the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in extract-treated cells were also examined. F-actin in both MC-LR- and extract-treated meristematic and differentiating root cells exhibited time-dependent alterations, ranging from disorientation and bundling to the formation of ring-like structures, eventually resulting in a collapse of the F-actin network after longer treatments. Disorganization and eventual depolymerization of microtubules, as well as abnormal chromatin condensation were observed following treatment with the extract, effects which could be attributed to microcystins and other bioactive compounds. Moreover, cell cycle progression was inhibited in extract-treated roots, specifically affecting the mitotic events. As a consequence of F-actin network disorganization, endoplasmic reticulum elements appeared stacked and diminished, while Golgi dictyosomes appeared aggregated. These results support that F-actin is a prominent target of MC-LR, both in pure form and as an extract ingredient. Endomembrane system alterations can also be attributed to the effects of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds (including microcystins) on the F-actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pappas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Gkelis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Eighmy T, Schovanec L, Mulcahy MB, Young A, Pappas D, Martin J, Coats H, Franco J, Casadonte DJ. Ten Years after the Texas Tech Accident. Part II: Changing Safety Cultures and the Current State of Academic Laboratory Safety at Texas Tech University. ACS Chem Health Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chas.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Eighmy
- Office of the President, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Lawrence Schovanec
- Office of the President, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mary Beth Mulcahy
- ACS Chemical Health & Safety, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
| | - Alice Young
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jared Martin
- Environmental Health and Safety, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Heather Coats
- Environmental Health and Safety, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jerry Franco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dominick J. Casadonte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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15
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Moaven S, Watson BT, Thompson SB, Lyons VJ, Unruh DK, Casadonte DJ, Pappas D, Cozzolino AF. Self-assembly of reversed bilayer vesicles through pnictogen bonding: water-stable supramolecular nanocontainers for organic solvents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4374-4380. [PMID: 33224458 PMCID: PMC7659706 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new air and moisture stable antimony thiolate compound has been prepared that spontaneously forms stable hollow vesicles. Structural data reveals that pnictogen bonding drives the self-assembly of these molecules into a reversed bilayer. The ability to make these hollow, spherical, and chemically and temporally stable vesicles that can be broken and reformed by sonication allows these systems to be used for encapsulation and compartmentalisation in organic media. This was demonstrated through the encapsulation and characterization of several small organic reporter molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Moaven
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
| | - Brandon T Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
| | - Shelby B Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
| | - Veronica J Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
| | - Dominick J Casadonte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
| | - Anthony F Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Box 41061 , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , USA .
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16
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Thompson S, Pappas D. Core Size does not Affect Blinking Behavior of Dye-Doped Ag@SiO 2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Super-Resolution Microscopy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8735-8743. [PMID: 35356036 PMCID: PMC8963217 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-doped nanoparticles have been investigated as bright, luminescent labels for super-resolution microscopy via localization methods. One key factor in super-resolution is the size of the luminescent label, which in some cases results in a frame shift between the label target and the label itself. Ag@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles, doped with organic fluorophores, have shown promise as super-resolution labels. One key aspect of these nanoparticles is that they blink under certain conditions, allowing super-resolution localization with a single excitation source in aqueous solution. In this work, we investigated the effects of both the Ag core and the silica (SiO2) shell on the self-blinking properties of these nanoparticles. Both core size and shell thickness were manipulated by altering the reaction time to determine core and shell effects on photoblinking. Size and shell thickness were investigated individually under both dry and hydrated conditions and were then doped with a 1 mM solution of Rhodamine 110 for analysis. We observed that the cores themselves are weakly luminescent and are responsible for the blinking observed in the fully-synthesized metal-enhanced fluorescence nanoparticles. There was no statistically significant difference in photoblinking behavior—both intensity and duty cycle—with decreasing core size. This observation was used to synthesize smaller nanoparticles ranging from approximately 93 nm to 110 nm as measured using dynamic light scattering. The blinking particles were localized via super-resolution microscopy and show single particle self-blinking behavior. As the core size did not impact blinking performance or intensity, the nanoparticles can instead be tuned for optimal size without sacrificing luminescence properties. Dye-doped nanoparticles have been investigated as bright, luminescent labels for super-resolution microscopy via localization methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thompson
- Texas Tech University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Texas Tech University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Zhou Y, Dong Z, Andarge H, Li W, Pappas D. Nanoparticle modification of microfluidic cell separation for cancer cell detection and isolation. Analyst 2020; 145:257-267. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01719d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a nanoparticle surface modification approach to improve the microfluidic performance in detecting cancer cells. Multiple cancer cell lines were included in this work, and the capture ability of the chip with surface modification reached a significant increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Ziye Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Hermella Andarge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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18
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Wickramaratne B, Pappas D. Tandem microfluidic chip isolation of prostate and breast cancer cells from simulated liquid biopsies using CD71 as an affinity ligand. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32628-32637. [PMID: 35516489 PMCID: PMC9056606 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of blood as a liquid biopsy provides a minimally invasive and less traumatic approach for initial cancer screens as well as patient monitoring. However, current clinical protocols require a priori knowledge of cancer type for liquid biopsy analyses. Previously, we proposed the use of the human transferrin 1 receptor protein (CD71) as a universal capture target for cancer cells analyses. In this study we have attempted to identify the lowest limit of detection for circulating tumor cells of prostate (PC-3) and breast cancers (MDA-MB-231) using CD71. We used a novel high-throughput herringbone chip design which could extract PC-3 cells at 34 ± 5% purity and MDA-MB-231 cells at 43 ± 35% purity when spiked to lysed blood at 0.1%. MDA-MB-231 cell spiked samples showed higher standard deviation, but the system captured 55 ± 16 cells, which is a sufficient number of cells for subsequent analyses. Further, this herringbone chip design has been shown to be compatible with an erythrocyte lysis chip we have described in previous studies. This circuit was capable of capturing 510 ± 120 cells with a purity of 82 ± 14% using <7 μL of a whole blood sample spiked with 10% MDA-MB-231 cells. Using an erythrocyte lysis circuit eliminates the need for human intervention for target cell enrichment, thereby reducing cell loss and sample contamination. We have shown that, when used with the high-throughput herringbone chip CD71 has the capacity to sensitively detect rare target cells for routine low-cost cancer screens. The use of blood as a liquid biopsy provides a minimally invasive and less traumatic approach for initial cancer screens as well as patient monitoring.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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19
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Chakraborty C, Thompson S, Lyons VJ, Snoeyink C, Pappas D. Modulation and study of photoblinking behavior in dye doped silver-silica core-shell nanoparticles for localization super-resolution microscopy. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:455704. [PMID: 31357181 PMCID: PMC7278086 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blinking of fluorescent nanoparticles is a compelling phenomenon with widely debated mechanisms. The ability to inhibit or control blinking is important for applications in the field of optical, semiconductor and fluorescent imaging. Self-blinking nanomaterials are also attractive labels for localization-based super-resolution microscopy. In this work, we have synthesized silver core silica nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2) doped with Rhodamine 110 and studied the parameters that affect blinking. We found that under nitrogen rich conditions the nanoparticles shifted towards higher duty cycles. Also, it was found that hydrated nanoparticles showed a less drastic response to nitrogen rich conditions as compared to dried nanoparticles, indicating that surrounding matrix played a role in the response of nanoparticles to molecular oxygen. Further, the blinking is not a multi-body phenomena, super-resolution localization combined with intensity histogram analysis confirmed that single particles are emitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumki Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - S Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Veronica J Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Craig Snoeyink
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
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20
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Johnson A, Venable A, Griswold J, Pappas D. Detection of culture-negative sepsis in clinical blood samples using a microfluidic assay for combined CD64 and CD69 cell capture. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1062:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Lyons VJ, Pappas D. Affinity separation and subsequent terminal differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells using the human transferrin receptor (CD71) as a capture target. Analyst 2019; 144:3369-3380. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The microfluidic detection of myeloblasts in bloodviathe human transferrin receptor (CD71) can serve as a diagnostic marker for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica J. Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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22
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Johnson A, Venable A, Griswold J, Pappas D. Combined CD25, CD64, and CD69 biomarker panel for flow cytometry diagnosis of sepsis. Talanta 2019; 191:216-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Blacksburg S, Carpenter T, Demircioglu G, Mirza A, Witten M, Sheu R, Mendez C, Morgenstern J, Pappas D, Garbus J, Haas J. Robotic-Based SBRT for Prostate Cancer is Well Tolerated in Patients with a History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Blacksburg S, Sheu R, Carpenter T, Demircioglu G, Mirza A, Morgenstern J, Witten M, Mendez C, Endres P, Pappas D, Garbus J, Haas J. Characterizing Rectal Dosimetry in Patients Who Have Received Definitive SBRT for Prostate Cancer: The 7-year Freedom from Proctitis in a Large Patient Cohort. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Thompson S, Pappas D. A fluorescence toolbox: A review of investigation of electrophoretic separations, process, and interfaces. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:606-615. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX USA
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26
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Dong Z, Yu D, Liu Q, Ding Z, Lyons VJ, Bright RK, Pappas D, Liu X, Li W. Enhanced capture and release of circulating tumor cells using hollow glass microspheres with a nanostructured surface. Nanoscale 2018; 10:16795-16804. [PMID: 30160287 PMCID: PMC6693900 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-floating hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) modified with tumor-specific antibodies have been developed for the capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and have demonstrated effective cell isolation and good viability of isolated cancer cells. However, the capture efficiency decreases dramatically if the spiked cell concentration is low, possibly due to insufficient interactions between cancer cells and the HGMS surface. In order to apply HGMS-based CTC isolation to clinically relevant samples, it is desirable to create nanostructures on the surface of HGMS to enhance cell-surface interactions. Nevertheless, current microfabrication methods cannot generate nanostructured-surfaces on microspheres. The authors have developed a new HGMS with a controlled nanotopographical surface structure (NSHGMS), and demonstrated isolation and recovery of rare cancer cells. NSHGMS are achieved by applying layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of negatively charged SiO2 nanoparticles and positively charged poly-l-arginine molecules, then sheathing the surface with an enzymatically degradable LbL film made from biotinylated alginate and poly-l-arginine, and capping with anti-EpCAM antibodies and anti-fouling PEG molecules. Compared to smooth-surfaced HGMS, NSHGMS showed shorter isolation time (20 min), enhanced capture efficiency (93.6 ± 4.9%) and lower detection limit (30 cells per mL) for commonly used cancer cell lines (MCF7, SK-BR-3, PC-3, A549 and CCRF-CEM). This NSHGMS-based CTC isolation method does not require specialized lab equipment or an external power source, and thus, can be used for the separation of targeted cells from blood or other body fluids in a resource-limited environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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27
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Pappas D, Fthenakis ZG, Ponomareva I. All-Mechanical Polarization Control and Anomalous (Electro)Mechanical Responses in Ferroelectric Nanowires. Nano Lett 2018; 18:5996-6001. [PMID: 30089360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric and ferroelectric nanowires exhibit properties and phases that are not available in the bulk. They are extremely promising for functional nanoscale application. On the basis of atomistic first-principles-based simulations, we predict an all-mechanical polarization control in ferroelectric nanowires. We report that the application of uniaxial compressive stress to ferroelectric nanowires with poor surface charge compensation leads to a reversible phase switching between the polar phase with axial polarization and macroscopically nonpolar flux-closure phase. The phase switching is associated with anomalously large changes in polarization and piezoelectric and mechanical response. In particular, in PbTiO3 nanowires the values as large as 5400 pC/N and 140 TPa-1 are predicted for the piezoelectric coefficient and elastic constant, respectively. Remarkably, the effect persists up to the gigahertz frequency which is potentially promising for nanoscale applications, such as nanogenerators, biomedical electronics, monitoring devices, nanosensors, nanotransducers, and nanoactuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pappas
- Department of Physics , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Z G Fthenakis
- Department of Physics , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - I Ponomareva
- Department of Physics , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
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28
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li W, Lyons V, Johnson A, Venable A, Griswold J, Pappas D. Multiparameter Affinity Microchip for Early Sepsis Diagnosis Based on CD64 and CD69 Expression and Cell Capture. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7204-7211. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Veronica Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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29
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Corrieu G, Perret B, Kakouri A, Pappas D, Samelis J. Positive effects of sequential air ventilation on cooked hard Graviera cheese ripening in an industrial ripening room. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Zhang Y, Li W, Zhou Y, Johnson A, Venable A, Hassan A, Griswold J, Pappas D. Detection of sepsis in patient blood samples using CD64 expression in a microfluidic cell separation device. Analyst 2018; 143:241-249. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic affinity separation device was developed for the detection of sepsis in critical care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Clinical Research Institute
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Amanda Venable
- Clinical Research Institute
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Surgery
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - John Griswold
- Department of Surgery
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Lyons V, Pappas D. Fundamentals of affinity cell separations. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:732-741. [PMID: 28960354 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell separations using affinity methods continue to be an enabling science for a wide variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspects of affinity separation, including the competing forces for cell capture and elution, cell-surface interactions, and models for cell adhesion. Factors affecting separation performance such as bond affinity, contact area, and temperature are presented. We also discuss and demonstrate the effects of nonspecific binding on separation performance. Metrics for evaluating cell separations are presented, along with methods of comparing separation techniques for cell isolation using affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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32
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Li W, Zhang Y, Reynolds CP, Pappas D. Microfluidic Separation of Lymphoblasts for the Isolation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using the Human Transferrin Receptor as a Capture Target. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7340-7347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - C. Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center, Departments of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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33
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Wang H, Huwaimel B, Verma K, Miller J, Germain TM, Kinarivala N, Pappas D, Brookes PS, Trippier PC. Synthesis and Antineoplastic Evaluation of Mitochondrial Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase) Inhibitors Derived from Atpenin A5. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1033-1044. [PMID: 28523727 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex II (CII) is an emerging target for numerous human diseases. Sixteen analogues of the CII inhibitor natural product atpenin A5 were prepared to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of the C5 pyridine side chain. The side chain ketone moiety was determined to be pharmacophoric, engendering a bioactive conformation. One analogue, 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxypyridin-3-yl)hexan-1-one (16 c), was found to have a CII IC50 value of 64 nm, to retain selectivity for CII over mitochondrial complex I (>156-fold), and to possess a ligand-lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) of 5.62, desirable metrics for a lead compound. This derivative and other highly potent CII inhibitors show potent and selective anti-proliferative activity in multiple human prostate cancer cell lines under both normoxia and hypoxia, acting to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Bader Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Kshitij Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - James Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Todd M Germain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.,Center for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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34
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Germain T, Ansari M, Pappas D. Observation of reversible, rapid changes in drug susceptibility of hypoxic tumor cells in a microfluidic device. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 936:179-84. [PMID: 27566353 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major stimulus for increased drug resistance and for survival of tumor cells. Work from our group and others has shown that hypoxia increases resistance to anti-cancer compounds, radiation, and other damage-pathway cytotoxic agents. In this work we utilize a microfluidic culture system capable of rapid switching of local oxygen concentrations to determine changes in drug resistance in prostate cancer cells. We observed rapid adaptation to hypoxia, with drug resistance to 2 μM staurosporine established within 30 min of hypoxia. Annexin-V/Sytox Green apoptosis assays over 9 h showed 78.0% viability, compared to 84.5% viability in control cells (normoxic cells with no staurosporine). Normoxic cells exposed to the same staurosporine concentration had a viability of 48.6% after 9 h. Hypoxia adaptation was rapid and reversible, with Hypoxic cells treated with 20% oxygen for 30 min responding to staurosporine with 51.6% viability after drug treatment for 9 h. Induction of apoptosis through the receptor-mediated pathway, which bypasses anti-apoptosis mechanisms induced by hypoxia, resulted in 39.4 ± 7% cell viability. The rapid reversibility indicates co-treatment of oxygen with anti-cancer compounds may be a potential therapeutic target.
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35
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Abstract
Among the growing number of tools available for cancer studies, microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising analytical tool to elucidate cancer cell and tumor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- USA
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36
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Abstract
A single-chip approach to capture and isolate cells based on differences in antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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37
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Li W, Gao Y, Pappas D. A complementary method to CD4 counting: measurement of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in a tandem affinity microfluidic system. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:113. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Pappas D, Reis S, Ali A, Kapur A. SU-E-T-511: Inter-Rater Variability in Classification of Incidents in a New Incident Reporting System. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
In this work we describe a one-step approach for incorporating a red fluorophore (2SBPO) into core-shell nanoparticles for metal-enhanced fluorescence immunolabels. The 2SBPO-MEF nanoparticles are particularly attractive as cell labels because their ∼ 670 nm emission has minimal overlap with cell autofluorescence and from overlap with many conventional probes. 2SBPO was incorporated through physical entrapment during the Stöber process. Antibody-based cell labels were then synthesized using covalent linkage. The nanoparticle fluorescence was 7.5-fold higher than control nanoparticles lacking a metal core. We demonstrated labeling of CD4 + HuT 78 T lymphocytes using anti-CD4-conjugated nanoparticle labels. Cells labeled with anti-CD4 nanoparticles showed a 35-fold fluorescence signal compared to anti-CD4 coreless controls. This simple synthesis protocol can be applied to a variety of hydrophilic fluorophore types and has broad potential in bioanalytical and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicong Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
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40
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Abstract
Separating cells from a heterogeneous sample on microfluidic devices is a very important unit operation in biological and medical research. Microfluidic affinity cell chromatography is a label-free separation technique, providing ease of operation, low cost, and rapid analysis. In this chapter, protocols for cell affinity separation in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass microdevices and glass capillaries are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Office Chemistry 300-B, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
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41
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Somaweera H, Haputhanthri SO, Ibraguimov A, Pappas D. On-chip gradient generation in 256 microfluidic cell cultures: simulation and experimental validation. Analyst 2015; 140:5029-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic diffusion diluter was used to create a stable concentration gradient for dose response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali Somaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | | | - Akif Ibraguimov
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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42
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Abstract
Apoptosis plays a major role in both healthy and diseased cells. The analysis of apoptosis can take advantage of multiple cellular markers, enabling the process to be studied at different time points. In this chapter, several apoptosis assay protocols are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishma Khanal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 41061, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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43
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Abstract
A microfluidic system for cell culture and drug response studies was developed to elucidate the effects of hypoxia on drug susceptibility. Drug response studies were performed in prostate cancer cells and Ramos B cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A vacuum actuated microfluidic culture device was used for cell culture and PC3 cells were cultured in the chip up to 16 hours. Cells were treated with several concentrations of staurosporine and apoptosis was assayed using the fluorescent probes MitoTracker Deep Red and Annexin-V. For hypoxic samples, the chip was placed in a hypoxia chamber and pre-conditioned at <1% oxygen before inducing the cells with staurosporine. Cells exposed to 2 μM staurosporine were 32% ± 10% apoptotic under normoxic conditions but only 1.5% ± 12% apoptotic under hypoxic conditions. As little as 1 hour of hypoxic preconditioning increased drug resistance. Cell apoptosis correlated with drug dose, although in each case hypoxia reduced the apoptotic fraction significantly. Given the rapid nature of cell adaptation to hypoxia, this chip and analysis approach can be used to identify compounds that can induce cell death in hypoxic tumor cells rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishma Khanal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA.
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44
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Gao Y, Li P, Pappas D. A microfluidic localized, multiple cell culture array using vacuum actuated cell seeding: integrated anticancer drug testing. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 15:907-15. [PMID: 23813077 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduced a novel and convenient approach to culture multiple cells in localized arrays of microfluidic chambers using one-step vacuum actuation. In one device, we integrated 8 individually addressable regions of culture chambers, each only requiring one simple vacuum operation to seed cell lines. Four cell lines were seeded in designated regions in one device via sequential injection with high purity (99.9 %-100 %) and cultured for long-term. The on-chip simultaneous culture of HuT 78, Ramos, PC-3 and C166-GFP cells for 48 h was demonstrated with viabilities of 92 %+/-2 %, 94 %+/-4 %, 96 %+/-2 % and 97 %+/-2 %, respectively. The longest culture period for C166-GFP cells in this study was 168 h with a viability of 96 %+/-10 %. Cell proliferation in each individual side channel can be tracked. Mass transport between the main channel and side channels was achieved through diffusion and studied using fluorescein solution. The main advantage of this device is the capability to perform multiple cell-based assays on the same device for better comparative studies. After treating cells with staurosporine or anti-human CD95 for 16 h, the apoptotic cell percentage of HuT 78, CCRF-CEM, PC-3 and Ramos cells were 36 %+/-3 %, 24 %+/-4 %, 12 %+/-2 %, 18 %+/-4 % for staurosporine, and 63 %+/-2 %, 45 %+/-1 %, 3 %+/-3 %, 27 %+/-12 % for anti-human CD95, respectively. With the advantages of enhanced integration, ease of use and fabrication, and flexibility, this device will be suitable for long-term multiple cell monitoring and cell based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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45
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Abstract
A microfluidic diffusion diluter to create stable chemical gradients across an array of cell cultures was demonstrated. The device enabled concentration based studies to be conducted at 256 different concentrations across individual, low shear cell cultures. A gradient of staurosporine on cells stained with Mitotracker Deep Red (MTDR) showed a concentration-based effect on cell apoptosis across the cell culture array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali Somaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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46
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Dong M, Tian Y, Pappas D. Facile Functionalization of Ag@SiO 2 Core-Shell Metal Enhanced Fluorescence Nanoparticles for Cell Labeling. Anal Methods 2014; 6:1598-1602. [PMID: 24683421 PMCID: PMC3966200 DOI: 10.1039/c3ay42150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe a versatile approach for functionalizing core-shell Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles for live-cell imaging. The approach uses physical adsorption and does not need covalent linkage to synthesize antibody-based labels. The surface orientation is not controlled in this approach, but the signal enhancement is strong and consistent. Antibodies were then attached using a non-covalent process that takes advantage of biotin-avidin affinity. Metal-enhanced nanoparticles doped with rhodamine B were used as the luminescent reporter. The enhancement of rhodamine B was between 2.7-6.8 times. We demonstrated labeling of CD19+ Ramos B lymphocytes and CD4+ HuT 78 T lymphocytes using anti-CD19 and anti-CD4 nanocomposite labels, respectively. This physical adsorption process can accommodate a variety of fluorophore types, and has broad potential in bioanalytical and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicong Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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47
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Lillegraven S, Greenberg JD, Reed GW, Saunders K, Curtis JR, Harrold L, Hochberg MC, Pappas D, Kremer JM, Solomon DH. OP0161 Use of TNF Inhibitors is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Diabetes in RA Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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48
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Baraliakos X, Heldmann F, Callhoff J, Listing J, Appelboom T, Brandt J, Van den Bosch F, Breban M, Burmester GR, Dougados M, Emery P, Gaston H, Grunke M, Van Der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Landewé R, Leirisalo-Repo M, Sieper J, De Vlam K, Pappas D, Kiltz, U, Van Der Heijde D, Braun J. Which spinal lesions are associated with new bone formation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with anti-TNF agents? A long-term observational study using MRI and conventional radiography. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:1819-25. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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49
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Iyer D, Ray RD, Pappas D. High temporal resolution fluorescence measurements of a mitochondrial dye for detection of early stage apoptosis. Analyst 2013; 138:4892-7. [PMID: 23831722 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01142a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, early stage apoptosis is explored with high temporal resolution. In addition to monitoring early apoptosis induction in single cells by ultrasensitive confocal fluorescence microscopy (UCFM), the mitochondrial protein release kinetics was explored. The current study shows development and optimization of a novel, rapid apoptosis assay to explore the earliest changes in cells by the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We show that early apoptotic changes in the mitochondria begin nearly simultaneously with the addition of an apoptosis-inducing drug, such as staurosporine. With a temporal resolution of five minutes, this non-invasive analytical technique can elucidate the earliest apoptotic events in living cells. Moreover, our results show that the mitochondrial inter-membrane proteins are not involved in the extrinsic pathway of Ramos cells mediated by an anti-CD95 antibody. Additional techniques such as light microscopy and flow cytometry were employed to confirm the results obtained by ultrasensitive confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results of this study help to understand the earliest mechanisms of apoptosis induction in cells, enabling new methods of drug testing and dose-response analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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50
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Abstract
The isolation and sorting of cells has become an increasingly important step in chemical and biological analyses. As a unit operation in more complex analyses, isolating a phenotypically pure cell population from a heterogeneous sample presents unique challenges. Microfluidic systems are ideal platforms for performing cell separations, enabling integration with other techniques and enhancing traditional separation modalities. In recent years there have been several techniques that use surface antigen affinity, physical interactions, or a combination of the two to achieve high separation purity and efficiency. This review discusses methods including magnetophoretic, acoustophoretic, sedimentation, electric, and hydrodynamic methods for physical separations. We also discuss affinity methods, including magnetic sorting, flow sorting, and affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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