1
|
Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Miernikiewicz P, Międzybrodzki R, Nowak S, Harhala M, Lecion D, Kęska W, Owczarek B, Ciekot J, Drab M, Kędzierski P, Mazurkiewicz-Kania M, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Immune Response to Therapeutic Staphylococcal Bacteriophages in Mammals: Kinetics of Induction, Immunogenic Structural Proteins, Natural and Induced Antibodies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639570. [PMID: 34194425 PMCID: PMC8236893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are able to affect the human immune system. Phage-specific antibodies are considered as major factors shaping phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. So far, general knowledge of phage antigenicity nevertheless remains extremely limited. Here we present comparative studies of immunogenicity in two therapeutic bacteriophages, A3R and 676Z, active against Staphylococcus aureus, routinely applied in patients at the Phage Therapy Unit, Poland. Comparison of the overall ability of whole phages to induce specific antibodies in a murine model revealed typical kinetics of IgM and IgG induction by these two phages. In further studies we identified the location of four phage proteins in the virions, with the focus on the external capsid head (Mcp) or tail sheath (TmpH) or an unidentified precise location (ORF059 and ORF096), and we confirmed their role as structural proteins of these viruses. Next, we compared the immune response elicited by these proteins after phage administration in mice. Similar to that in T4 phage, Mcp was the major element of the capsid that induced specific antibodies. Studies of protein-specific sera revealed that antibodies specific to ORF096 were able to neutralize antibacterial activity of the phages. In humans (population level), none of the studied proteins plays a particular role in the induction of specific antibodies; thus none potentially affects in a particular way the effectiveness of A3R and 676Z. Also in patients subjected to phage therapy, we did not observe increased specific immune responses to the investigated proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Nowak
- Laboratory of Microscopic Techniques, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kęska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Ciekot
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Drab
- Unit of Nano-Structural Bio-Interactions, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Sillankorva S, Miernikiewicz P, Międzybrodzki R, Górski A, Azeredo J, Lavigne R, Lecion D, Nowak S, Harhala M, Waśko P, Owczarek B, Gembara K, Dąbrowska K. Natural and Induced Antibodies Against Phages in Humans: Induction Kinetics and Immunogenicity for Structural Proteins of PB1-Related Phages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:91-99. [DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Institute, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Nowak
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Waśko
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gembara
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Majewska J, Kaźmierczak Z, Lahutta K, Lecion D, Szymczak A, Miernikiewicz P, Drapała J, Harhala M, Marek-Bukowiec K, Jędruchniewicz N, Owczarek B, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Induction of Phage-Specific Antibodies by Two Therapeutic Staphylococcal Bacteriophages Administered per os. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2607. [PMID: 31803179 PMCID: PMC6871536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In therapeutic phage applications oral administration is a common and well-accepted delivery route. Phages applied per os may elicit a specific humoral response, which may in turn affect phage activity. We present specific anti-phage antibody induction in mice receiving therapeutic staphylococcal bacteriophage A3R or 676Z in drinking water. The schedule comprised: (1) primary exposure to phages for 100 days, followed by (2) diet without phage for 120 days, and (3) secondary exposure to the same phage for 44 days. Both phages induced specific antibodies in blood (IgM, IgG, IgA), even though poor to ineffective translocation of the phages to blood was observed. IgM reached a maximum on day 22, IgG increased from day 22 until the end of the experiment. Specific IgA in the blood and in the gut were induced simultaneously within about 2 months; the IgA level gradually decreased when phage was removed from the diet. Importantly, phage-specific IgA was the limiting factor for phage activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Multicopy proteins (major capsid protein and tail morphogenetic protein H) contributed significantly to phage immunogenicity (IgG), while the baseplate protein gpORF096 did not induce a significant response. Microbiome composition assessment by next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that no important changes correlated with phage treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Majewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Lahutta
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Szymczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Drapała
- Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Jędruchniewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Lahutta K, Majewska J, Kaźmierczak Z, Lecion D, Harhala M, Kęska W, Owczarek B, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Kłopot A, Miernikiewicz P, Kula D, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Bacteriophages engineered to display foreign peptides may become short-circulating phages. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:730-741. [PMID: 31037835 PMCID: PMC6559017 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages draw scientific attention in medicine and biotechnology, including phage engineering, widely used to shape biological properties of bacteriophages. We developed engineered T4-derived bacteriophages presenting seven types of tissue-homing peptides. We evaluated phage accumulation in targeted tissues, spleen, liver and phage circulation in blood (in mice). Contrary to expectations, accumulation of engineered bacteriophages in targeted organs was not observed, but instead, three engineered phages achieved tissue titres up to 2 orders of magnitude lower than unmodified T4. This correlated with impaired survival of these phages in the circulation. Thus, engineering of T4 phage resulted in the short-circulating phage phenotype. We found that the complement system inactivated engineered phages significantly more strongly than unmodified T4, while no significant differences in phages' susceptibility to phagocytosis or immunogenicity were found. The short-circulating phage phenotype of the engineered phages suggests that natural phages, at least those propagating on commensal bacteria of animals and humans, are naturally optimized to escape rapid neutralization by the immune system. In this way, phages remain active for longer when inside mammalian bodies, thus increasing their chance of propagating on commensal bacteria. The effect of phage engineering on phage pharmacokinetics should be considered in phage design for medical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Lahutta
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Kęska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kłopot
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Kula
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kłopot A, Zakrzewska A, Lecion D, Majewska JM, Harhala MA, Lahutta K, Kaźmierczak Z, Łaczmański Ł, Kłak M, Dąbrowska K. Real-Time qPCR as a Method for Detection of Antibody-Neutralized Phage Particles. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2170. [PMID: 29163448 PMCID: PMC5672142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common method for phage quantitation is the plaque assay, which relies on phage ability to infect bacteria. However, non-infective phage particles may preserve other biological properties; specifically, they may enter interactions with the immune system of animals and humans. Here, we demonstrate real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection of bacteriophages as an alternative to the plaque assay. The closely related staphylococcal bacteriophages A3R and 676Z and the coliphage T4 were used as model phages. They were tested in vivo in mice, ex vivo in human sera, and on plastic surfaces designed for ELISAs. T4 phage was injected intravenously into pre-immunized mice. The phage was completely neutralized by specific antibodies within 5 h (0 pfu/ml of serum, as determined by the plaque assay), but it was still detected by qPCR in the amount of approximately 107 pfu/ml of serum. This demonstrates a substantial timelapse between "microbiological disappearance" and true clearance of phage particles from the circulation. In human sera ex vivo, qPCR was also able to detect neutralized phage particles that were not detected by the standard plaque assay. The investigated bacteriophages differed considerably in their ability to immobilize on plastic surfaces: this difference was greater than one order of magnitude, as shown by qPCR of phage recovered from plastic plates. The ELISA did not detect differences in phage binding to plates. Major limitations of qPCR are possible inhibitors of the PCR reaction or free phage DNA, which need to be considered in procedures of phage sample preparation for qPCR testing. We propose that phage pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies should not rely merely on detection of antibacterial activity of a phage. Real-time qPCR can be an alternative for phage detection, especially in immunological studies of bacteriophages. It can also be useful for studies of phage-based drug nanocarriers or biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kłopot
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adriana Zakrzewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna M Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek A Harhala
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Lahutta
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marlena Kłak
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miernikiewicz P, Kłopot A, Soluch R, Szkuta P, Kęska W, Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Konopka A, Nowak M, Lecion D, Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Harhala M, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. T4 Phage Tail Adhesin Gp12 Counteracts LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vivo. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1112. [PMID: 27471503 PMCID: PMC4943950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages that infect Gram-negative bacteria often bind to the bacterial surface by interaction of specific proteins with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Short tail fiber proteins (tail adhesin, gp12) mediate adsorption of T4-like bacteriophages to Escherichia coli, binding surface proteins or LPS. Produced as a recombinant protein, gp12 retains its ability to bind LPS. Since LPS is able to exert a major impact on the immune response in animals and in humans, we have tested LPS-binding phage protein gp12 as a potential modulator of the LPS-induced immune response. We have produced tail adhesin gp12 in a bacterial expression system and confirmed its ability to form trimers and to bind LPS in vitro by dynamic light scattering. This product had no negative effect on mammalian cell proliferation in vitro. Further, no harmful effects of this protein were observed in mice. Thus, gp12 was used in combination with LPS in a murine model, and it decreased the inflammatory response to LPS in vivo, as assessed by serum levels of cytokines IL-1 alpha and IL-6 and by histopathological analysis of spleen, liver, kidney and lungs. Thus, in future studies gp12 may be considered as a potential tool for modulating and specifically for counteracting LPS-related physiological effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kłopot
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Soluch
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szkuta
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kęska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Konopka
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Miernikiewicz P, Drapała J, Drab M, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Lecion D, Kaźmierczak Z, Beta W, Majewska J, Harhala M, Bubak B, Kłopot A, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Mammalian Host-Versus-Phage immune response determines phage fate in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14802. [PMID: 26440922 PMCID: PMC4594097 DOI: 10.1038/srep14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging bacterial antibiotic resistance draws attention to bacteriophages as a therapeutic alternative to treat bacterial infection. Examples of phage that combat bacteria abound. However, despite careful testing of antibacterial activity in vitro, failures nevertheless commonly occur. We investigated immunological response of phage antibacterial potency in vivo. Anti-phage activity of phagocytes, antibodies, and serum complement were identified by direct testing and by high-resolution fluorescent microscopy. We accommodated the experimental data into a mathematical model. We propose a universal schema of innate and adaptive immunity impact on phage pharmacokinetics, based on the results of our numerical simulations. We found that the mammalian-host response to infecting bacteria causes the concomitant removal of phage from the system. We propose the notion that this effect as an indirect pathway of phage inhibition by bacteria with significant relevance for the clinical outcome of phage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Drapała
- Institute of Computer Science, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Drab
- USI, Unit of Nanostructural Bio-Interactions, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Beta
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Bubak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kłopot
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Majewska J, Beta W, Lecion D, Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Kłopot A, Kaźmierczak Z, Miernikiewicz P, Piotrowicz A, Ciekot J, Owczarek B, Kopciuch A, Wojtyna K, Harhala M, Mąkosa M, Dąbrowska K. Oral Application of T4 Phage Induces Weak Antibody Production in the Gut and in the Blood. Viruses 2015; 7:4783-99. [PMID: 26308042 PMCID: PMC4576206 DOI: 10.3390/v7082845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific humoral response to bacteriophages may follow phage application for medical purposes, and it may further determine the success or failure of the approach itself. We present a long-term study of antibody induction in mice by T4 phage applied per os: 100 days of phage treatment followed by 112 days without the phage, and subsequent second application of phage up to day 240. Serum and gut antibodies (IgM, IgG, secretory IgA) were analyzed in relation to microbiological status of the animals. T4 phage applied orally induced anti-phage antibodies when the exposure was long enough (IgG day 36, IgA day 79); the effect was related to high dosage. Termination of phage treatment resulted in a decrease of IgA again to insignificant levels. Second administration of phage induces secretory IgA sooner than that induced by the first administrations. Increased IgA level antagonized gut transit of active phage. Phage resistant E. coli dominated gut flora very late, on day 92. Thus, the immunological response emerges as a major factor determining phage survival in the gut. Phage proteins Hoc and gp12 were identified as highly immunogenic. A low response to exemplary foreign antigens (from Ebola virus) presented on Hoc was observed, which suggests that phage platforms can be used in oral vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Majewska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Weronika Beta
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Kłopot
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowicz
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Ciekot
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kopciuch
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Wojtyna
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marek Harhala
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Mąkosa
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dąbrowska K, Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Miernikiewicz P, Piotrowicz A, Wietrzyk J, Lecion D, Hodyra K, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Owczarek B, Górski A. Bacteriophages displaying anticancer peptides in combined antibacterial and anticancer treatment. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:861-9. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Aims: Novel anticancer strategies have employed bacteriophages as drug carriers and display platforms for anticancer agents; however, bacteriophage-based platforms maintain their natural antibacterial activity. This study provides the assessment of combined anticancer (engineered) and antibacterial (natural) phage activity in therapies. Materials & methods: An in vivo BALB/c mouse model of 4T1 tumor growth accompanied by surgical wound infection was applied. The wounds were located in the areas of tumors. Bacteriophages (T4) were modified with anticancer Tyr–Ile–Gly–Ser–Arg (YIGSR) peptides by phage display and injected intraperitoneally. Results & conclusion: Tumor growth was decreased in mice treated with YIGSR-displaying phages. The acuteness of wounds, bacterial load and inflammatory markers in phages-treated mice were markedly decreased. Thus, engineered bacteriophages combine antibacterial and anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowicz
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hodyra
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaźmierczak Z, Piotrowicz A, Owczarek B, Hodyra K, Miernikiewicz P, Lecion D, Harhala M, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Molecular imaging of T4 phage in mammalian tissues and cells. Bacteriophage 2014; 4:e28364. [PMID: 24653943 DOI: 10.4161/bact.28364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in phage therapy encourage scientific interest in interactions of phages with human and animal organisms. This has created a need for developing tools that facilitate studies of phage circulation and deposition in tissues and cells. Here we propose a new green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based method for T4 phage molecular imaging in living systems. The method employs decoration of a phage capsid with GFP fused to the N-terminus of Hoc protein by in vivo phage display. Fluorescent phages were positively assessed as regards their applicability for detection inside living mammalian cells (by phagocytosis) and tissues (filtering and retention by lymph nodes and spleen). Molecular imaging provides innovative techniques that have brought substantial progress in life sciences. We propose it as a useful tool for studies of phage biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowicz
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hodyra
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ceglarek I, Piotrowicz A, Lecion D, Miernikiewicz P, Owczarek B, Hodyra K, Harhala M, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. A novel approach for separating bacteriophages from other bacteriophages using affinity chromatography and phage display. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3220. [PMID: 24225840 PMCID: PMC3827602 DOI: 10.1038/srep03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Practical applications of bacteriophages in medicine and biotechnology induce a great need for technologies of phage purification. None of the popular methods offer solutions for separation of a phage from another similar phage. We used affinity chromatography combined with competitive phage display (i) to purify T4 bacteriophage from bacterial debris and (ii) to separate T4 from other contaminating bacteriophages. In ‘competitive phage display’ bacterial cells produced both wild types of the proteins (expression from the phage genome) and the protein fusions with affinity tags (expression from the expression vectors). Fusion proteins were competitively incorporated into the phage capsid. It allowed effective separation of T4 from a contaminating phage on standard affinity resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ceglarek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|