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Burgess ER, Wiggins GAR, Phillips E, Morrin H, Crake RLI, Slatter T, Royds J, Vissers MCM, Robinson BA, Dachs GU. P12.03.B Ascorbate alters the hypoxic pathway in glioblastoma cells in vitro and associates with improved patient survival. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive and hypoxic tumours. This environment activates the hypoxic pathway, driving glioma progression and treatment resistance. The hypoxic pathway is regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) hydroxylases, which require oxygen as a substrate. Under normoxic conditions, the HIF hydroxylases are active, causing degradation and inhibition of HIF transcription factors. Under hypoxia, the activity of the hydroxylases reduces and HIF accumulates, activating the hypoxic response. HIF hydroxylases also require ascorbate as a cofactor for optimal function. The brain has one of the highest ascorbate levels in the human body, yet data on ascorbate levels in gliomas is scarce. Cellular ascorbate uptake occurs through solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2). My aim is to understand the relationship between ascorbate, SLC23A2 and the hypoxic pathway in brain cancer using both in vitro cell culture and clinical samples.
Material and Methods
Ascorbate uptake was measured in human glioblastoma cell lines (T98G, U251MG, U87MG; ATCC) using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ECD). CRISPR-Cas was designed to knock-out SLC23A2. Clinical glioblastoma samples (n=37) and follow-up data were provided by the Cancer Society Tissue Bank and University of Otago Dunedin. Ethics and informed consent were obtained (H19/163, MEC/08/02/016). Ascorbate levels, measured by HPLC-ECD, and HIF-1α and downstream targets were measured using Western blotting or ELISA. A HIF score was calculated from HIF-1α and downstream target protein levels to estimate hypoxic pathway activity.
Results
In this study we have shown that T98G and U251 cells accumulate up to 15 nmol ascorbate/106 cells when exposed to 500 µM ascorbate for up to 24 hours, compared to U87MG cells with up to 3 nmol ascorbate/106 cells. Cancer Cell Line Encyclopaedia data shows that T98G and U251MG cells express higher levels of SLC23A2 compared to U87MG cells, aligning with our results. Clinical glioblastoma tissue contained a median of 7.6 µg ascorbate/100 mg tissue. Patients survival was significantly longer with above, vs below, median tumour ascorbate levels (Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon p = 0.027). The HIF score was negatively correlated with tumour ascorbate levels (Pearson r -0.327, p = 0.048). Patients with higher HIF-score had significantly shorter survival time compared to those with a lower HIF score (Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon p = 0.005).
Conclusion
Ascorbate uptake in glioblastoma cells varies between cell lines and appears reliant on the level of SLC23A2. Higher ascorbate content in clinical glioblastoma samples was associated with reduced hypoxic pathway activity and longer patient survival. Ongoing work, using SLC23A2 CRISPR-Cas knock-out cells, is investigating the effect of disrupting ascorbate uptake on hypoxic pathway signalling in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Burgess
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - G A R Wiggins
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - E Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - H Morrin
- Cancer Society Tissue Bank, University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - R L I Crake
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - T Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - J Royds
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - M C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - B A Robinson
- Canterbury Regional Cancer and Haematology Service, Canterbury District Health Board , Christchurch , New Zealand
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - G U Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
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Crake RLI, Burgess ER, Wiggins GAR, Magon NJ, Das AB, Vissers MCM, Morrin HR, Royds JA, Slatter TL, Robinson BA, Phillips E, Dachs GU. P12.06.A Relationship between ascorbate and DNA methylation markers in clinical glioma tumours. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Members of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (OGDD) enzyme family play an important role in gliomas as they regulate epigenetic modifications and response to hypoxia. The OGDDs require 2-OG and O2 as substrates, and ferrous iron and ascorbate as cofactors. Both hypoxia and aberrant DNA methylation are prognostic indicators for gliomas. The ten-eleven translocase (TET) DNA demethylases are OGDDs that convert 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), with 5hmC levels related to better prognosis. Despite this, there is limited data on the OGDD enzymes and their substrates/cofactors in glioma tissues. Our previous study showed an association between ascorbate content and markers of the hypoxic response in glioblastoma tissue. Here we determine whether there is an association between ascorbate and DNA methylation in glioma. In addition, we assess whether methylation of the methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (DNA repair enzyme MGMT) promoter is associated with ascorbate content.
Materials and methods
Frozen clinical glioma samples from 37 patients (n=11 WHO grade I-III, n=26 glioblastoma) were obtained from the Cancer Society Tissue Bank (Ethics approval H19/163). Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status was determined by sequencing. Samples were processed on dry ice in liquid nitrogen and analysed for ascorbate (high-performance liquid chromatography), global DNA methylation (mass spectrometry) and MGMT promoter analyses (methylation specific PCR).
Results
Many grade I-III tumours were IDH1 R132H mutant (6/11), and most glioblastomas were not (2/26). Glioblastoma had significantly lower ascorbate content than grade I-III tumours (p=0.026). Glioblastoma also had lower global 5hmC levels (p=0.0013). IDH1 R132H tumours tended to have a lower ascorbate content (p=0.09). Ascorbate and 5hmC levels were directly correlated (Spearman r= 0.466, p=0.004). However, cytosine and 5mC showed no association with grade or ascorbate. MGMT promoter methylation status was not associated with global methylation or ascorbate content (p=0.97, p=0.96, respectively).
Conclusion
Our data suggests that ascorbate supports TET activity in clinical glioma. It also appears that site-specific (promoter) methylation was not affected by ascorbate availability. These findings may have clinical implications, as higher 5hmC levels are associated with improved outcome, whilst continued MGMT suppression suggests chemotherapy responsiveness. However, evidence that raising tumour ascorbate leads to increased 5hmC levels, or an associated improvement in survival, requires intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E R Burgess
- University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - G A R Wiggins
- University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - N J Magon
- University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - A B Das
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - M C M Vissers
- University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - H R Morrin
- University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - J A Royds
- University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | | | - B A Robinson
- Canterbury District Health Board , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - E Phillips
- University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - G U Dachs
- University of Otago Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand
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Shah S, Reese T, Zanussi J, Dickson A, Daniel L, Tao R, Miller-Fleming T, Straub P, Hung A, Nepal P, Wei WQ, Phillips E, Cox N, Stein CM, Feng Q, Chung CP. POS1444 FLT1 AND EPHB2 ARE NOVEL GENETIC MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH PANCREATITIS IN PATIENTS TAKING AZATHIOPRINE FOR IMMUNE-MEDIATED CONDITIONS: INTEGRATING GENOME- AND TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAzathioprine (AZA) is a thiopurine immunosuppressant medication used to treat a variety of immune-mediated diseases. Unfortunately, its use is limited by adverse effects. Pancreatitis, a potentially severe, life-threatening side effect is independent of dose and necessitates AZA discontinuation given the high risk of recurrent pancreatitis with continued use or re-challenge. The mechanisms driving pancreatitis are unclear. While classic thiopurine-induced acute pancreatitis (TIAP) has been associated with HLA haplotypes, most patients taking AZA and presenting with pancreatitis do not fulfill the stringent criteria for TIAP.ObjectivesTo identify genetic risk factors for pancreatitis in patients taking azathioprine for immune-mediated conditions.MethodsUsing a biobank linked to electronic health records (EHR) from a tertiary center, we identified new users of AZA. Patients were excluded if the primary indication for AZA was organ transplant or if there was a history of pancreatitis prior to AZA use. The analysis was restricted to patients with EHR-reported race as White due to insufficient case counts for the non-White group. We then identified patients with amylase or lipase values that exceeded twice the upper limit of normal (“>2x ULN”) or with ICD-9/ICD-10 codes for acute pancreatitis. Each record was manually reviewed to confirm the timing of AZA use in relation to laboratory derangements or ICD coding, as well as to further classify patients into three increasingly strict, but not exclusive categories: 1) pancreatic injury (amylase or lipase >2x ULN); 2) acute pancreatitis1, or 3) TIAP2. We completed genotyping with Illumina Infinium Expanded Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array plus custom content data, employed Michigan Imputation servers for genetic imputation, and used PrediXcan (GTEx v8) to impute gene expression. We then conducted genome-wide association and transcriptome-wide association studies (GWAS, TWAS). Acknowledging the relatively small overall cohort, and possible imbalance of cases vs controls, we used the Firth logistic regression method, which is a penalized likelihood-based method.ResultsWe studied 2127 AZA users (35.4% male; mean 44.5+/-17.2 years). The median AZA dose was 100mg/day (IQR: 50-125mg/day). Rheumatologic conditions (56.9%) and inflammatory bowel disease (40.4%) comprised the most common primary indications for AZA. Pancreatic injury, pancreatitis, and TIAP were diagnosed in 42 (2.0%), 16 (0.8%), and 9 (0.4%) patients, respectively. GWAS identified several significantly associated genes, many with overlapping TWAS findings in the pancreas and liver (Figure 1). From these, the two protein-encoding genes Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-1 (FLT1) and Ephrin type-B receptor-2 (EPHB2) overlapped in two or more pancreatitis phenotypes in the TWAS and GWAS, respectively. EPHB2 was associated with a 8.6-fold (P=1.84 x 10-8) and a 31.4-fold (P=2.87x 10-8) higher likelihood of pancreatic injury and TIAP, respectively.Figure 1.ConclusionFLT1—a gene that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase and is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family—and EPHB2—a gene that encodes a member of the Eph receptor family, which is the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase family—are novel genetic markers associated with pancreatitis in patients taking AZA. VEGF can potentiate inflammation and the pancreas microenvironment is known to promote VEGF expression, which has been linked to pancreatic cancer development; anti-VEGF treatments have been investigated both for mitigating inflammation and also anti-pancreatic cancer treatment. Future studies validating our findings in AZA-induced pancreatitis are warranted.References[1]Crockett et al. Gastroenterology (2018). 154(4):1096-1101.[2]Heap et al. Nature Genetics (2014). 46:1131-1134Disclosure of InterestsShailja Shah Consultant of: ad hoc consultant for Phathom pharmaceuticals, Tyler Reese: None declared, Jacy Zanussi: None declared, Alyson Dickson: None declared, Laura Daniel: None declared, Ran Tao: None declared, Tyne Miller-Fleming: None declared, Peter Straub: None declared, Adriana Hung: None declared, Puran Nepal: None declared, Wei-Qi Wei: None declared, Elizabeth Phillips: None declared, Nancy Cox: None declared, Charles M. Stein: None declared, QiPeng Feng: None declared, Cecilia P. Chung: None declared
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Marriott Haresign I, Phillips E, Whitehorn M, Goupil L, Noreika V, Leong V, Wass S. Measuring the temporal dynamics of inter-personal neural entrainment in continuous child-adult EEG hyperscanning data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101093. [PMID: 35248820 PMCID: PMC8899232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to analysing EEG hyperscanning data in the developmental literature typically consider interpersonal entrainment between interacting physiological systems as a time-invariant property. This approach obscures crucial information about how entrainment between interacting systems is established and maintained over time. Here, we describe methods, and present computational algorithms, that will allow researchers to address this gap in the literature. We focus on how two different approaches to measuring entrainment, namely concurrent (e.g., power correlations, phase locking) and sequential (e.g., Granger causality) measures, can be applied to three aspects of the brain signal: amplitude, power, and phase. We guide the reader through worked examples using simulated data on how to leverage these methods to measure changes in interbrain entrainment. For each, we aim to provide a detailed explanation of the interpretation and application of these analyses when studying neural entrainment during early social interactions.
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Phillips E, Turner P, Ngure F, Kassim N, Makule E, Smith L, Nelson R, Stoltzfus R. Ethical considerations in the design and conduct of a cluster-randomised mycotoxin mitigation trial in Tanzania. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that commonly contaminate staple food crops in tropical regions. Acute aflatoxin consumption in very high concentration causes aflatoxicosis and acute liver failure, while chronic, moderate levels of intake cause hepatocellular carcinoma. The effects of frequent moderate- to high-level exposure during infancy, however, is less clearly understood. Half a billion people in low- and middle-income countries continue to be exposed to aflatoxins through dietary consumption, in part because of lack of enforcement of regulatory limits and few feasible long-term mitigation options in these settings. Several epidemiologic studies have shown an association between aflatoxin exposure in infants and young children and growth failure, but strong experimental evidence is lacking. The Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial conducted in Tanzania was a cluster-randomised trial to assess the effect of a reduced aflatoxin diet on linear growth. Prior to the design and implementation of this trial, a group of multi-disciplinary and multi-national scientists reviewed literature in biomedical, public health, environmental health ethics. In this paper we outline the most salient ethical questions and dilemmas in the potential conduct of such a study and describe the ethical precedents and principles that informed our decision-making processes and ultimate study protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Phillips
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 244 Garden, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - P.C. Turner
- MIAEH, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - F.M. Ngure
- Independent Research Consultant, Arusha, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya
| | - N. Kassim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences, (FBNS), School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - E. Makule
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences, (FBNS), School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - L.E. Smith
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - R.J. Nelson
- School of Integrative Plant Science and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - R.J. Stoltzfus
- Goshen College, 1700 S. Main Street, Goshen, Indiana 46526, USA
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Marriott Haresign I, Phillips E, Whitehorn M, Noreika V, Jones EJH, Leong V, Wass SV. Automatic classification of ICA components from infant EEG using MARA. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101024. [PMID: 34715619 PMCID: PMC8556604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated systems for identifying and removing non-neural ICA components are growing in popularity among EEG researchers of adult populations. Infant EEG data differs in many ways from adult EEG data, but there exists almost no specific system for automated classification of source components from paediatric populations. Here, we adapt one of the most popular systems for adult ICA component classification for use with infant EEG data. Our adapted classifier significantly outperformed the original adult classifier on samples of naturalistic free play EEG data recorded from 10 to 12-month-old infants, achieving agreement rates with the manual classification of over 75% across two validation studies (n = 44, n = 25). Additionally, we examined both classifiers’ ability to remove stereotyped ocular artifact from a basic visual processing ERP dataset compared to manual ICA data cleaning. Here, the new classifier performed on level with expert manual cleaning and was again significantly better than the adult classifier at removing artifact whilst retaining a greater amount of genuine neural signal operationalised through comparing ERP activations in time and space. Our new system (iMARA) offers developmental EEG researchers a flexible tool for automatic identification and removal of artifactual ICA components. Currently, few tools are available for ICA based data correction that are designed around infant EEG. ICA correction is necessary for naturalistic paradigms when movement artifacts covary with cognitive processes. We present a system for automated ICA classification designed around infant EEG data. This system offers increased performance compared to systems of automatic ICA classification designed around adult EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Phillips
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - M Whitehorn
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - V Noreika
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - E J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
| | - V Leong
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - S V Wass
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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Burgess ER, Crake RLI, Phillips E, Morrin HR, Royds JA, Vissers MCM, Robinson BA, Dachs GU. P16.11 Vitamin C levels and the hypoxic pathway in human glioma tissues. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Gliomas are the most common brain cancer and survival is poor, with 11–15 months for high-grade glioblastoma patients, despite treatment. Gliomas are hypoxic tumours, which increases with tumour grade. Under hypoxia, the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF) accumulates and upregulates expression of genes involved in tumour development and progression. HIF-1 levels and activity are controlled by HIF hydroxylases which target HIF-1α for degradation and prevent co-activation. HIF hydroxylases are part of the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent dioxygenase enzyme family, that require 2-OG and oxygen as substrates and ascorbate and iron as co-factors. The role of ascorbate in regulating the hypoxic pathway in cancer is of interest, with previous research showing reduced HIF pathway activity with increasing tumour ascorbate levels. Brain tissue has one of the highest ascorbate levels in the body, and is one of the last to become depleted under deficiency, indicating an important role for ascorbate in this tissue. One previous study has analysed ascorbate levels in 11 human glioblastoma patients, and showed lower ascorbate in tumour tissue compared to normal brain tissue. There have been no studies investigating the relationship between ascorbate levels and the hypoxic pathway in human glioma tissues.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Human glioma tissues (n = 39), obtained from the Cancer Society Tissue Bank Christchurch (ethics approval H19/163), were processed for ascorbate and hypoxic pathway proteins (HIF-1α, CA-IX, BNIP3, HKII, GLUT1 and VEGF). Ascorbate levels were quantified by HPLC-ED, and proteins were measured by Western blotting and ELISA. Spearman’s correlations were used to identify relationships between ascorbate and HIF pathway proteins.
RESULTS
Of the samples, 64% were GBM. Ascorbate was significantly lower in GBM compared to low-grade gliomas (p = 0.04). VEGF was significantly higher in GBM compared to astrocytomas (p = 0.01). Increased tumour ascorbate was associated with lower VEGF and CA-IX proteins. HIF-1α and BNIP3 protein were positively associated, and VEGF was positively associated with HKII and CA-IX. VEGF inversely associated with BNIP3, and CA-IX inversely associated with HKII. The hypoxic pathway score (calculated from protein levels of members of the hypoxic pathway) was reduced in tumours with higher ascorbate but this did not reach significance (p = 0.2).
CONCLUSION
This is the first study to show that ascorbate levels were reduced in high-grade gliomas compared to low-grade. Some members of the hypoxic pathway were associated with ascorbate levels. The overall hypoxic pathway score did not significantly correlate with ascorbate and increased numbers of samples are required to confirm any associations. Other variables, such as IDH-1 mutation status of the tumours may affect the correlation and will be analysed next.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Burgess
- University of Otago Christchurch, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
| | - R L I Crake
- University of Otago Christchurch, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
| | - E Phillips
- University of Otago Christchurch, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
| | - H R Morrin
- Cancer Society Tissue Bank, University of Otago, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
| | - J A Royds
- University of Otago Christchurch, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
| | - M C M Vissers
- University of Otago Christchurch, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
| | - B A Robinson
- University of Otago Christchurch, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
- Canterbury Regional Cancer and Hematology Service, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G U Dachs
- University of Otago Christchurch, CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand
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Alhalabi O, Göttmann M, Gold M, Fletcher M, Hielscher T, Iskar M, Kessler T, Wittmann E, Schlue S, Rahman S, Hai L, Hansen-Palmus L, Puccio L, Nakano I, Herold-Mende C, Baumgartner U, Day B, Wick W, Sahm F, Fraenkel E, Phillips E, Goidts V. P04.04 Optimizing dasatinib for glioblastoma treatment. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system with a dismal prognosis, even with surgical and chemoradiotherapy. Expression profiling studies classify IDH-wildtype Glioblastoma into three subtypes: Proneural (PN), mesenchymal (MES) and classical (CL). A promising target to inhibit in Glioblastoma is the non-receptor tyrosine kinase and proto-oncogene SRC. After robust pre-clinical results, SRC inhibitors like dasatinib did not improve survival of Glioblastoma patients after recurrence in clinical trials.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Consolidating efforts to personalize cancer therapy, we use in silico analyses backed by in vitro and in vivo experiments on Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) derived from primary patient tumors to present a novel stratification strategy for dasatinib therapy in glioblastoma. To further tackle dasatinib resistance in GSCs, a pooled shRNA library against 5000 genes was combined with dasatinib to identify genes whose knockdown sensitizes GSCs to dasatinib. This was integrated with proteomics and phosphoproteomics data of dasatinib inhibited GSCs.
RESULTS
We found MES tumors with high expression of SERPINH1 to be sensitive to dasatinib inhibition, compared to the CL and PN subtypes. Interestingly, SRC phosphorylation status did not predict the efficacy of dasatinib inhibition. Computational analyses integrating data from the loss-of-function dropout viability screen and proteomics/phosphoproteomics using a novel modification of the SamNet algorithm identified Wee1, a tyrosine kinase involved in cell-cycle signaling, as a potential combination inhibition target with dasatinib. Further validation experiments showed a robust synergistic effect through combination of dasatinib and the wee1 inhibitor, MK-1775 in PN GSCs.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights strategies to optimize dasatinib treatment in different glioblastoma subtypes. While the stratification of patients harboring mesenchymal glioblastoma with SERPINH1 overexpression could provide an option in this particular subtype, combining dasatinib or other SRC inhibitors with Wee1 inhibitors could present an additional possibility for treating resistant proneural tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- O Alhalabi
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Göttmann
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - M Fletcher
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics (C060), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Iskar
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, German Cancer Research Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Kessler
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Wittmann
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Schlue
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Rahman
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Hai
- Junior Research Group Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Hansen-Palmus
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Puccio
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - C Herold-Mende
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Baumgartner
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Day
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - W Wick
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Fraenkel
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - E Phillips
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Goidts
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, DKFZ Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Aurer I, Neven A, Fiaccadori V, Counsell N, Phillips E, Clifton‐Hadley L, Fortpied C, Andre M, Federico M, Barrington S, Illidge T, Radford J, Raemaekers J. RELAPSES IN INTERIM PET NEGATIVE LIMITED STAGE HODGKIN LYMPHOMA PATIENTS RECEIVING ABVD WITH OR WITHOUT RADIOTHERAPY–ANALYSIS OF EORTC/FIL/LYSA H10 AND UK NCRI RAPID TRIALS. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.71_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Aurer
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb Division of Hematology Department of Internal Medicine Zagreb Croatia
| | - A. Neven
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group Brussels Belgium
| | - V. Fiaccadori
- University College London Cancer Institute London UK
| | - N. Counsell
- University College London Cancer Research UK and University College London Cancer Trials Centre London UK
| | - E. Phillips
- University of Manchester The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - L. Clifton‐Hadley
- University College London Cancer Research UK and University College London Cancer Trials Centre London UK
| | - C. Fortpied
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Andre
- Université Catholique de Louvain Department of Hematology Yvoir Belgium
| | - M. Federico
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia CHIMOMO Department Modena Italy
| | - S. Barrington
- King's College London King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre London UK
| | - T. Illidge
- University of Manchester The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - J. Radford
- University of Manchester The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - J. Raemaekers
- Radboud University Medical Centre Department of Hematology Nijmegen Netherlands
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10
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Shotton R, Kirkwood AA, Northend M, Fathoala D, Burton K, Ferguson G, Aiken L, Shrubsole C, Henry L, Owen M, Oliver R, Martinez‐Calle N, Etherington A, Gallop‐Evans E, Burton C, Miall F, Osborne W, Dieu R, McKay P, Ardeshna K, Collins GP, Phillips E. REAL WORLD OUTCOMES AND RESPONSES TO SECOND‐LINE THERAPY IN RELAPSED/REFRACTORY HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: A MULTICENTRE UK STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.106_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Shotton
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust Medical oncology Manchester UK
| | - A. A. Kirkwood
- UCL Cancer institute University College London Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre London UK
| | - M. Northend
- University College Hospital University College London Haematology Dept London UK
| | - D. Fathoala
- University College Hospital University College London Haematology Dept London UK
| | - K. Burton
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Haematology Dept Oxford UK
| | - G. Ferguson
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre Haematology Dept Glasgow UK
| | - L. Aiken
- Bart’s Health NHS Trust Haemato‐Oncology Dept London UK
| | - C. Shrubsole
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Haematology Dept Newcastle UK
| | - L. Henry
- University Hospitals of Leicester Haematology Dept Leicester UK
| | - M. Owen
- Leeds Cancer Centre Leeds UK
| | - R. Oliver
- University Hospitals Bristol Haematology Dept Bristol UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Miall
- University Hospitals of Leicester Haematology Dept Leicester UK
| | - W. Osborne
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Haematology Dept Newcastle UK
| | - R. Dieu
- Bart’s Health NHS Trust Haemato‐Oncology Dept London UK
| | - P. McKay
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre Haematology Dept Glasgow UK
| | - K. Ardeshna
- University College Hospital University College London Haematology Dept London UK
| | - G. P. Collins
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Haematology Dept Oxford UK
| | - E. Phillips
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and University of Manchester Manchester UK
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11
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Staso P, Vethody C, Stone C, Phillips E. M166 ESTROGEN-DEPENDENT ANGIOEDEMA RESPONSIVE TO ANASTROZOLE IN A MALE WITH FAMILIAL HYPERESTROGENEMIA AND HEREDITARY CANCER RISK. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Eschenbacher W, Phillips E, Williams E, Lawrence M. M261 ICF1 SYNDROME PRESENTING WITH BACTEREMIA, MENINGITIS AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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14
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Phillips E, Sasarman F, Sinasac D, Al-Hertani W. D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in a patient with speech delay due to a novel homozygous deletion in the D2HGDH gene. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 20:100482. [PMID: 31431883 PMCID: PMC6580329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare neurometabolic condition with a variable clinical spectrum. Here we report on a patient with speech delay, ascertained for an elevated urine 2-hydroxyglutaric acid levels, and found to have a novel pathogenic homozygous deletion in D2HGDH (NG_012012.1(NM_152783.4):c.(292 + 1_293–1)_(*847_?)del). This case expands on the reported phenotype, with speech delay being the prominent clinical finding and despite identifying a large deletion in the D2HGDH gene, the patient presents with the mild phenotype.
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15
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Phillips E, Wilson W, Benjamin R, Popat R, Braganza N, Clifton-Hadley L, Bygrave C, Cavenagh J, Chapman M, Owen R, Ramasamy K, Sive J, Streetly M, Nador G, Arnott S, Hassan S, Kishore B, Moore S, Virchis A, Willis F, Yong K. PF599 EFFICACY OF BORTEZOMIB, THALIDOMIDE AND DEXAMETHASONE FOR TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CARFILZOMIB-REFRACTORY MYELOMA IN THE UK NCRI CARDAMON TRIAL. Hemasphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000560684.31002.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Phillips E, Pepper A, Townsend W, Coulter E, Salisbury J, Apollonio B, Devereux S, Patten P. PS1304 FOLLICULAR HELPER T-CELLS FORM MUTUALLY SUPPORTIVE INTERACTIONS WITH FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA B-CELLS THAT MAY SUPPORT TUMOUR GROWTH. Hemasphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000563496.54236.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Phillips E, Kleffmann T, Morrin H, Robinson B, Currie M. PO-307 Differential secretome analysis of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA) and mature adipocytes to identify adipocyte-driven micro-environmental regulators of breast cancer progression. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Kallini J, Patel D, Phillips E, Van Allan R. Abstract No. 560 Comparing clinical outcomes of percutaneous transperitoneal versus transhepatic cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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19
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Phillips E, Kohlbrenner R, True-Yasaki A, Fidelman N, Taylor A, Lehrman E, Kohi M, Kolli K, Kerlan R, Mehta N. Abstract No. 522 Outcomes of TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HIV infection. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Urbancic K, Ierino F, Phillips E, Mount P, Mahony A, Trubiano J. Taking the challenge: A protocolized approach to optimize Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:462-466. [PMID: 28898546 PMCID: PMC5790633 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
While trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is considered first-line therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia prevention in renal transplant recipients, reported adverse drug reactions may limit use and increase reliance on costly and less effective alternatives, often aerosolized pentamidine. We report our experience implementing a protocolized approach to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse drug reaction assessment and rechallenge to optimize prophylaxis in this patient cohort. We retrospectively reviewed 119 patients receiving Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis prior to and after protocol implementation. Forty-two patients (35%) had 48 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse drug reactions documented either at baseline or during the prophylaxis period, of which 83% were non-immune-mediated and 17% were immune-mediated. Significantly more patients underwent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole rechallenge after protocol implementation (4/22 vs 23/27; P = .0001), with no recurrence of adverse drug reactions in 74%. In those who experienced a new or recurrent reaction (26%), all were mild and self-limiting with only 1 recurrence of an immune-mediated reaction. After protocol implementation, aerosolized pentamidine-associated costs were reduced. The introduction of a standard approach to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole rechallenge in the context of both prior immune and non-immune-mediated reactions was safe and successful in improving the uptake of first-line Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.F Urbancic
- Pharmacy Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia,Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - F Ierino
- Nephrology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - E Phillips
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S
| | - P.F Mount
- Nephrology Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - A Mahony
- Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - J.A Trubiano
- Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
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21
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Abreo A, Stone C, McKinnon E, Phillips E. P010 Single and two-dose oral challenge with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in hiv-uninfected adults labeled as “sulfa” allergic. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Pavlos R, Redwood A, Phillips E. AdDRESSing T-cell responses to antituberculous drugs. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:292-293. [PMID: 28244076 PMCID: PMC5429398 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Pavlos
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - A Redwood
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - E Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
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23
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Gross M, Ralph D, Phillips E, Carrasquillo R, Thornton A, Glina S, Becher E, Rosselló Gayá M, Rosselló Barbará M, Kalejaiye O, Ralph D, Munarriz R. PS-05-005 Multicenter investigation of the microorganisms involved in penile prosthesis infection: Are the AUA and EAU guidelines appropriate for penile prosthesis prophylaxis and infection management? J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Trubiano JA, Worth LJ, Urbancic K, Brown TM, Paterson DL, Lucas M, Phillips E. Return to sender: the need to re-address patient antibiotic allergy labels in Australia and New Zealand. Intern Med J 2016; 46:1311-1317. [PMID: 27527526 PMCID: PMC5096978 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Antibiotic allergies are frequently reported and have significant impacts upon appropriate prescribing and clinical outcomes. We surveyed infectious diseases physicians, allergists, clinical immunologists and hospital pharmacists to evaluate antibiotic allergy knowledge and service delivery in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS An online multi-choice questionnaire was developed and endorsed by representatives of the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) and the Australasian Society of Infectious Diseases (ASID). The 37-item survey was distributed in April 2015 to members of ASCIA, ASID, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians. RESULTS Of 277 respondents, 94% currently use or would utilise antibiotic allergy testing (AAT) and reported seeing up to 10 patients/week labelled as antibiotic-allergic. Forty-two per cent were not aware of or did not have AAT available. Most felt that AAT would aid antibiotic selection, antibiotic appropriateness and antimicrobial stewardship (79, 69 and 61% respectively). Patients with the histories of immediate hypersensitivity were more likely to be referred than those with delayed hypersensitivities (76 vs 41%, P = 0.0001). Lack of specialist physicians (20%) and personal experience (17%) were barriers to service delivery. A multidisciplinary approach was a preferred AAT model (53%). Knowledge gaps were identified, with the majority overestimating rates of penicillin/cephalosporin (78%), penicillin/carbapenem (57%) and penicillin/monobactam (39%) cross-reactivity. CONCLUSIONS A high burden of antibiotic allergy labelling and demand for AAT is complicated by a relative lack availability or awareness of AAT services in Australia and New Zealand. Antibiotic allergy education and deployment of AAT, accessible to community and hospital-based clinicians, may improve clinical decisions and reduce antibiotic allergy impacts. A collaborative approach involving infectious diseases physicians, pharmacists and allergists/immunologists is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Trubiano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - L J Worth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Urbancic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T M Brown
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Lucas
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - E Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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25
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Pham J, Oseroff C, Hinz D, Sidney J, Paul S, Greenbaum J, Vita R, Phillips E, Mallal S, Peters B, Sette A. Sequence conservation predicts T cell reactivity against ragweed allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1194-205. [PMID: 27359111 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed is a major cause of seasonal allergy, affecting millions of people worldwide. Several allergens have been defined based on IgE reactivity, but their relative immunogenicity in terms of T cell responses has not been studied. OBJECTIVE We comprehensively characterized T cell responses from atopic, ragweed-allergic subjects to Amb a 1, Amb a 3, Amb a 4, Amb a 5, Amb a 6, Amb a 8, Amb a 9, Amb a 10, Amb a 11, and Amb p 5 and examined their correlation with serological reactivity and sequence conservation in other allergens. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from donors positive for IgE towards ragweed extracts after in vitro expansion for secretion of IL-5 (a representative Th2 cytokine) and IFN-γ (Th1) in response to a panel of overlapping peptides spanning the above-listed allergens were assessed. RESULTS Three previously identified dominant T cell epitopes (Amb a 1 176-191, 200-215, and 344-359) were confirmed, and three novel dominant epitopes (Amb a 1 280-295, 304-319, and 320-335) were identified. Amb a 1, the dominant IgE allergen, was also the dominant T cell allergen, but dominance patterns for T cell and IgE responses for the other ragweed allergens did not correlate. Dominance for T cell responses correlated with conservation of ragweed epitopes with sequences of other well-known allergens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results provide the first assessment of the hierarchy of T cell reactivity in ragweed allergens, which is distinct from that observed for IgE reactivity and influenced by T cell epitope sequence conservation. The results suggest that ragweed allergens associated with lesser IgE reactivity and significant T cell reactivity may be targeted for T cell immunotherapy, and further support the development of immunotherapies against epitopes conserved across species to generate broad reactivity against many common allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pham
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Oseroff
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Hinz
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Paul
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Greenbaum
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Vita
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Rocha-Ferreira E, Phillips E, Francesch-Domenech E, Thei L, Peebles DM, Raivich G, Hristova M. The role of different strain backgrounds in bacterial endotoxin-mediated sensitization to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Neuroscience 2015; 311:292-307. [PMID: 26515746 PMCID: PMC4675086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Strain background plays a role in the response to hypoxia–ischemia. LPS sensitizes the immature brain to hypoxia–ischemia across several mouse strains. Vehicle injection may induce immune response and sensitization to hypoxia–ischemia.
Genetic background is known to influence the outcome in mouse models of human disease, and previous experimental studies have shown strain variability in the neonatal mouse model of hypoxia–ischemia. To further map out this variability, we compared five commonly used mouse strains: C57BL/6, 129SVJ, BALB/c, CD1 and FVB in a pure hypoxic–ischemic setup and following pre-sensitization with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Postnatal day 7 pups were subjected to unilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by continuous 30 min 8% oxygen exposure at 36 °C. Twelve hours prior, a third of the pups received a single intraperitoneal LPS (0.6 μg/g) or a saline (vehicle) administration, respectively; a further third underwent hypoxia–ischemia alone without preceding injection. Both C57BL/6 and 129SVJ strains showed minimal response to 30 min hypoxia–ischemia alone, BALB/c demonstrated a moderate response, and both CD1 and FVB revealed the highest brain damage. LPS pre-sensitization led to substantial increase in overall brain infarction, microglial and astrocyte response and cell death in four of the five strains, with exception of BALB/c that only showed a significant effect with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Saline administration prior to hypoxia–ischemia resulted in an increase in inflammatory-associated markers, particularly in the astroglial activation of C57BL/6 mice, and in combined microglial activation and neuronal cell loss in FVB mice. Finally, two of the four strongly affected strains – C57BL/6 and CD1 – revealed pronounced contralateral astrogliosis with a neuroanatomical localization similar to that observed on the occluded hemisphere. Overall, the current findings demonstrate strain differences in response to hypoxia–ischemia alone, to stress associated with vehicle injection, and to LPS-mediated pre-sensitization, which partially explains the high variability seen in the neonatal mouse models of hypoxia–ischemia. These results can be useful in future studies of fetal/neonatal response to inflammation and reduced oxygen–blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rocha-Ferreira
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK.
| | - E Phillips
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - E Francesch-Domenech
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - L Thei
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - D M Peebles
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - G Raivich
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - M Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
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27
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Cederholm T, Koochek A, Kirn D, Reid K, von Berens A, Travison T, Zhu H, Folta S, Sacheck J, Nelson M, Liu C, Phillips E, Aberg A, Nydahl M, Gustafsson T, Fielding R. MON-LB009: Effect of Nutritional Supplementation and Structured Physical Activity on Walk Capacity in Mobility-Limited Older Adults: Results From the Vive2 Study. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Fielding R, Kirn D, Koochek A, Reid K, von Berens A, Travison T, Zhu H, Folta S, Sacheck J, Nelson M, Liu C, Phillips E, Aberg A, Nydahl M, Gustafsson T, Cederholm T. O-096: Effect of nutritional supplementation and structured physical activity on walk capacity in mobility-limited older adults: results from the VIVE2 study. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Background. Identifying and surgically removing bile duct calculi is challenging and critical in order to provide good patient outcomes. The history of this surgical pursuit since the introduction of anesthesia is both enlightening and fascinating. Methods. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the techniques and technology used to remove bile duct calculi. Results. All bile duct surgical exploration advances have involved creation of tools to look within the bile duct and extract stones. The Hopkin’s rod lens system was a major breakthrough in light and image transmission. However, flexible endoscope technology added the ability to maneuver better within the bile duct as well as apply the technology via laparoscopy enabling laparoscopic bile duct exploration. Conclusion. Digital, image enhanced, distal tipped chip flexible endoscopes have significantly improved the surgeons’ ability to see within the bile duct, improving the efficiency and ease of stone visualization and removal from both the most proximal and distal ends of the bile duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Phillips
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G. Berci
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K. Barber
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Williams
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Birati E, Hanff T, Mazurek J, Banerji S, Grandin E, Vorovich E, Pedrotty D, Kaiser A, Phillips E, Acker M, Goldberg L, Rame J, Atluri P, Margulies K, Jessup M. Blood Transfusions Affect the Panel of Reactive Antibodies and Survival After Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Sooppan R, Han J, Gaffey A, Patel P, Hung G, Howard J, Phillips E, Acker M, Rame J, Atluri P. Prior Sternotomy Does Not Affect Short and Long-Term Ventricular Assist Device Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Archer S, Phillips E, Montague J, Bali A, Sowter H. "I'm 100% for it! I'm a convert!": women's experiences of a yoga programme during treatment for gynaecological cancer; an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Complement Ther Med 2014; 23:55-62. [PMID: 25637153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore patients' experiences of taking part in a yoga intervention while undergoing treatment for gynaecological cancer. DESIGN Sixteen women (age range 31-79 years; mean age 60) participated in focus groups based on a semi-structured question schedule. Resulting discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). SETTING Royal Derby Hospital, UK. INTERVENTIONS Patients took part in a 10-week course of Hatha yoga, where they participated in a one hour long class per week. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the data: applying breathing techniques, engaging in the physicality of yoga and finding a community. The first theme was particularly important to the patients as they noted the breadth and applicability of the techniques in their day-to-day lives. The latter two themes reflect physical and social perspectives, which are established topics in the cancer and yoga literature and are contextualised here within the women's experiences of cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS The women's perceptions of the programme were generally positive, providing a previously unseen view of the patient experience of participating in a yoga intervention. The difference between the women's prior expectations and lived experiences is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Archer
- Centre for Patient Safety and Service Quality, Imperial College London, Medical School Building, St Mary's Campus Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
| | - E Phillips
- Psychology, University of Derby Online Learning, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
| | - J Montague
- Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
| | - A Bali
- Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter New Road, Derby DE22 3NE, United Kingdom.
| | - H Sowter
- Biomedical Science and Public Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, United Kingdom.
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Raper D, Drew M, Phillips E, Knight E, Witchalls J, Waddington G. The relationship between speed, body weight and load on the AlterG treadmill. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Raper D, Drew M, Phillips E, Knight E, Witchalls J, Waddington G. Validity and reliability of a tibial accelerometer for measuring ground reaction forces. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sagner M, Katz D, Egger G, Lianov L, Schulz KH, Braman M, Behbod B, Phillips E, Dysinger W, Ornish D. Lifestyle medicine potential for reversing a world of chronic disease epidemics: from cell to community. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:1289-92. [PMID: 25348380 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sagner
- European Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Paris, France
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Kirn D, Koochek A, Reid K, von Berens A, Travison T, Folta S, Sacheck J, Nelson M, Liu C, Phillips E, Aberg A, Nydahl M, Gustafsson T, Cederholm T, Fielding R. P384: The Vitality, Independence, and Vigor in the Elderly 2 Study (VIVE2): design and methods. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Dental therapists are members of the dental team in many countries, where they perform a limited number of irreversible restorative procedures. In the United States, they practice only in Alaska and Minnesota, though other states are considering adding them in an effort to improve access to care. While critics of this workforce model cite concern for patient safety, proponents argue that dental therapists provide treatment that is as technically competent as that provided by dentists. Though nearly 2 dozen studies from industrialized countries address this subject, this article systematically reviews all 23 of them. Of these reports, all but 2 conclude that dental therapists perform at an acceptable level. Every study that directly compared the work of dental therapists with that of dentists found that they performed at least as well. Regardless of whether dental therapists would be the most effective intervention for improving access to oral health care in the United States, the evidence clearly suggests dental therapists are clinically competent to safely perform the limited set of procedures that falls within their scope of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Phillips
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H.L. Shaefer
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Norman J, Phillips E, Mehta P. P-162 Clinician and patient perspective in treatment decisions in MDS. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent in HIV, and following antiretroviral therapy (ART), increased rates of lipoatrophy and metabolic abnormalities are described. We investigated the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and other metabolic parameters in a group of HIV patients with and without lipoatrophy to examine whether lipoatrophy could explain the high prevalence of VDD and metabolic abnormalities. BACKGROUND Vitamin D receptors are expressed in adipose tissue implicating vitamin D, through paracrine/autocrine mechanism, in exerting effects on fat metabolism. HIV patients frequently suffer from VDD, and those treated with thymidine analogues frequently suffer from lipoatrophy so we investigated whether lipoatrophy could explain these associations. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Cross-sectional study of HIV-infected male patients (n = 107; 39 with lipoatrophy) from the West Australian cohort with measurements of 25(OH)D, adiponectin, insulin, lipids and leg fat as a percentage of mass. RESULTS Reduced 25(OH)D levels were common and significantly associated with higher serum insulin in the entire cohort (P = 0·006), but there was no difference in 25(OH)D between untreated and antiretroviral-treated patients with or without lipoatrophy. Treated patients with lipoatrophy were more likely to take thymidine analogue therapy, were older and on therapy longer than treated patients without lipoatrophy. Adiponectin levels did not correlate with 25(OH)D, but lipoatrophic-treated patients had lower levels of adiponectin compared with nonlipoatrophic-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Lower 25(OH)D is associated with higher serum insulin but not lipoatrophy or hypoadiponectinemia in HIV-infected patients. The association between VDD and insulin resistance is likely to be mediated by independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hammond
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Laverman AM, Blum JS, Schaefer JK, Phillips E, Lovley DR, Oremland RS. Growth of Strain SES-3 with Arsenate and Other Diverse Electron Acceptors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 61:3556-61. [PMID: 16535143 PMCID: PMC1388705 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenate-respiring bacterial strain SES-3 was able to use a variety of inorganic electron acceptors to sustain growth. SES-3 grew with the reduction of arsenate to arsenite, Fe(III) to Fe(II), or thiosulfate to sulfide. It also grew in medium in which elemental sulfur, Mn(IV), nitrite, trimethylamine N-oxide, or fumarate was provided as an electron acceptor. Growth on oxygen was microaerophilic. There was no growth with arsenite or chromate. Washed suspensions of cells grown on selenate or nitrate had a constitutive ability to reduce arsenate but were unable to reduce arsenite. These results suggest that strain SES-3 may occupy a niche as an environmental opportunist by being able to take advantage of a diversity of electron acceptors.
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Mills E, Wilson K, Foster B, Phillips E, Walker S, Rachlis B, Montori VM, Myers SP, Clarke M, Gallicano S. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and indinavir: an RCT and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7166.2004.tb04536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hammond E, Lucas A, Lucas M, Phillips E, Gaudieri S. Vaniprevir. DRUG FUTURE 2010. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2010.035.010.1527293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mears A, White A, Cookson B, Devine M, Sedgwick J, Phillips E, Jenkinson H, Bardsley M. Healthcare-associated infection in acute hospitals: which interventions are effective? J Hosp Infect 2009; 71:307-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Odhiambo J, Kizito W, Njoroge A, Wambua N, Nganga L, Mburu M, Mansoer J, Marum L, Phillips E, Chakaya J, De Cock KM. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling for TB patients and suspects in Nairobi, Kenya. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:63-68. [PMID: 18302825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Integrated tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services in a resource-constrained setting. OBJECTIVE Pilot provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) for TB patients and suspects. DESIGN Through partnerships, resources were mobilised to establish and support services. After community sensitisation and staff training, PITC was introduced to TB patients and then to TB suspects from December 2003 to December 2005. RESULTS Of 5457 TB suspects who received PITC, 89% underwent HIV testing. Although not statistically significant, TB suspects with TB disease had an HIV prevalence of 61% compared to 63% for those without. Of the 614 suspects who declined HIV testing, 402 (65%) had TB disease. Of 2283 patients referred for cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, 1951 (86%) were enrolled, and of 1727 patients assessed for antiretroviral treatment (ART), 1618 (94%) were eligible and 1441 (83%) started treatment. CONCLUSIONS PITC represents a paradigm shift and is feasible and acceptable to TB patients and TB suspects. Clear directives are nevertheless required to change practice. When offered to TB suspects, PITC identifies large numbers of persons requiring HIV care. Community sensitisation, staff training, multitasking and access to HIV care contributed to a high acceptance of HIV testing. Kenya is using this experience to inform national response and advocate wide PITC implementation in settings faced with the TB-HIV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Odhiambo
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Guardia G, Parikh N, Eskridge T, Phillips E, Divine G, Rao DS. Prevalence of vitamin D depletion among subjects seeking advice on osteoporosis: a five-year cross-sectional study with public health implications. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:13-9. [PMID: 17876644 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We assessed vitamin D nutritional status in unselected consecutive patients seeking advice on osteoporosis. The prevalence of vitamin D depletion ranged from 15-72% depending upon the cut-off levels used for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and the prevalence did not change over the 5 years of the study. INTRODUCTION Vitamin D depletion is a significant public health problem and has been studied in different populations using different cut-off levels, but the optimal level is yet to be established. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 2,924 patients seen for osteoporosis advice we determined the prevalence of vitamin D depletion, as assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), using three different cut-off levels stratified by gender, race and the year of the study over 5 years. RESULTS Mean age was 68.3 +/- 10.0 years; 90% women and 88% white. Mean 25-OHD level was 24.6 +/- 10 ng/ml and mean PTH was 48.4 +/- 32 pg/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D depletion was 15% with a cut-off level of <15 ng/ml, and rose to 32% and 72% with cut-off levels <20 ng/ml and <30 ng/ml, respectively. The prevalence was higher in men and blacks and remained constant over 5 years, regardless of the cut-off level. The expected inverse relationship between 25-OHD and PTH was observed irrespective of gender or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of vitamin D depletion in patients seeking advice for osteoporosis is high and did not change over the 5 years of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guardia
- Bone & Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Berci G, Phillips E. High-definition television: why we have to pass the electronic Surgical Education and Self-Assessment Program (SESAP) test. Surg Endosc 2007; 21:1261-3. [PMID: 17619928 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-007-9471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Phillips E, Short N. Poster 48. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bryant WK, Ompad DC, Sisco S, Blaney S, Glidden K, Phillips E, Vlahov D, Galea S. Determinants of influenza vaccination in hard-to-reach urban populations. Prev Med 2006; 43:60-70. [PMID: 16684559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Influenza vaccination rates among disadvantaged minority and hard-to-reach populations are lower than in other groups. We assessed the barriers to influenza vaccination in disadvantaged urban areas. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, using venue-based sampling, collecting data on residents of eight neighborhoods throughout East Harlem and the Bronx, New York City. RESULTS Of 760 total respondents, 461 (61.6%) had received influenza vaccination at some point in their life. In multivariable models, having access to routine medical care, receipt of health or social services, having tested positive for HIV, and current interest in receiving influenza vaccination were significantly associated with having received influenza vaccination in the previous year. Of participants surveyed, 79.6% were interested in receiving an influenza vaccination at the time of survey. Among participants who had never previously received influenza vaccination in the past, 73.4% were interested in being vaccinated; factors significantly associated with an interest in being vaccinated were minority race, lower annual income, history of being homeless, being uninsured/underinsured, and not having access to routine medical care. CONCLUSIONS Participants who are unconnected to health or social services or government health insurance are less likely to have been vaccinated in the past although these persons are willing to receive vaccine if it were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Bryant
- Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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50
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Abstract
Nramp1 (murine natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene)/Slc11a1 (solute carrier family 11 member a1 gene) encodes a bivalent-metal/iron transporter that is expressed within late endosomes/lysosomes of macrophages. A functionally null Nramp1 allele that exhibits impaired bivalent cation transport enables excessive growth of intracellular pathogens. Iron is important for many cellular activities, including defence against pathogens; however, redox-active/free iron can participate in Fenton chemistry that generates reactive oxygen species. Using Raw264.7 cells, non-functional for Nramp1, and stable Nramp1 transfectants, we have examined the effects of impaired bivalent cation transport on macrophage function using glutathione depletion as OS (oxidant stress). Our results demonstrate that OS itself is a signal for increasing Nramp1 transcription and that Nramp1 expression protects against OS. We suggest that OS-mediated protection by Nramp1 function may arise from direct removal of redox-active bivalent cations from a cytosolic pool. We show that OS transcriptional responses are probably mediated by the Sp1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y L Yeung
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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