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Wirth E. Technical basis for the new German Radiation Protection Ordinance. KERNTECHNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2002-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Seguel M, George RC, Maboni G, Sanchez S, Page-Karjian A, Wirth E, McFee W, Gottdenker NL. Pathologic findings and causes of death in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus stranded along the Georgia coast, USA (2007-2013). Dis Aquat Organ 2020; 141:25-38. [PMID: 32940248 DOI: 10.3354/dao03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Between 2007 and 2013, before the 2013 cetacean morbillivirus outbreak, 26 fresh bottlenose dolphin carcasses were necropsied on the coast of Georgia, USA. Here, we present the pathological and microbiological findings associated with their most likely causes of death. The primary cause of death was determined in 25 individuals and included systemic bacterial infection (n = 7), verminous and bacterial bronchopneumonia (n = 5), drowning/entanglement (n = 5), disseminated histoplasmosis (n = 1), intestinal intussusception (n = 1), vegetative endocarditis (n = 1), meningitis (n = 1), necrotizing dermatitis (n = 1), disseminated angiomatosis (n = 1), emaciation (n = 1) and stingray spine trauma (n = 1). Histiocytic and eosinophilic bronchopneumonia associated with Halocerchus sp. infection was observed in 69% of the animals (18/26) and eosinophilic gastritis due to Anisakidae nematodes was found in 36% of the examined stomachs (8/22). Moderate to severe eosinophilic pancreatitis with fibrosis was observed in 4 animals infected with Brachycladiidae trematodes. Proliferative and ulcerative lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis was found in 5 animals and was considered to contribute to deteriorated health status in 2 calves. Pulmonary and lymph node angiomatosis were observed in 15 and 10 animals, respectively. In at least 2 animals, the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the blubber exceeded 1500 µg g-1 of lipid. Bottlenose dolphins stranded on the Georgia coast have a wide range of inflammatory lesions associated with a variety of helminth, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Some resident animals have also been exposed to high levels of PCB contamination, which could reduce host immunocompetence. Higher exposure to these or other pathogens could result in further decline in the health of resident and migrant dolphin populations in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seguel
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Arenas-Ramirez N, Zou C, Popp S, Zingg D, Brannetti B, Wirth E, Calzascia T, Kovarik J, Sommer L, Zenke G, Woytschak J, Regnier CH, Katopodis A, Boyman O. Improved cancer immunotherapy by a CD25-mimobody conferring selectivity to human interleukin-2. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:367ra166. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sanger D, Blair A, DiDonato G, Washburn T, Jones S, Riekerk G, Wirth E, Stewart J, White D, Vandiver L, Holland A. Impacts of Coastal Development on the Ecology of Tidal Creek Ecosystems of the US Southeast including Consequences to Humans. Estuaries Coast 2015; 38:49-66. [PMID: 31354396 PMCID: PMC6660006 DOI: 10.1007/s12237-013-9635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Upland areas of southeastern U.S. tidal creek watersheds are popular locations for development, and they form part of the estuarine ecosystem characterized by high economic and ecological value. The primary objective of this work was to define the relationships between coastal development, with its concomitant land use changes and associated increases in nonpoint source pollution loading, and the ecological condition of tidal creek ecosystems including related consequences to human populations and coastal communities. Nineteen tidal creek systems, located along the southeastern United States coast from southern North Carolina to southern Georgia, were sampled during summer, 2005 and 2006. Within each system, creeks were divided into two primary segments based upon tidal zoning: intertidal (i.e., shallow, narrow headwater sections) and subtidal (i.e., deeper and wider sections) and then watersheds were delineated for each segment. Relationships between coastal development, concomitant land use changes, nonpoint source pollution loading, the ecological condition of tidal creek ecosystems, and the potential impacts to human populations and coastal communities were evaluated. In particular, relationships were identified between the amount of impervious cover (indicator of coastal development) and a range of exposure and response measures including increased chemical contamination of the sediments, increased pathogens in the water, increased nitrate/nitrite levels, increased salinity range, decreased biological productivity of the macrobenthos, alterations to the food web, increased flooding potential, and increased human risk of exposure to pathogens and harmful chemicals. The integrity of tidal creeks, particularly the headwaters or intertidally-dominated sections, were impaired by increases in nonpoint source pollution associated with sprawling urbanization (i.e., increases in impervious cover). This finding suggests these habitats are valuable early warning sentinels of ensuing ecological impacts and potential public health and flooding risk from sprawling coastal development. Results also validate the use of a conceptual model with impervious cover thresholds for tidal creek systems in the southeast region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Sanger
- South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, 287 Meeting Street, Charleston, SC 29401, U.S
- NOAA, Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health, Center for Human Health Risk, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston SC, 29412, U.S
| | - A. Blair
- NOAA, Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health, Center for Human Health Risk, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
| | - G. DiDonato
- NOAA, Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health, Center for Human Health Risk, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
| | - T. Washburn
- College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
| | - S. Jones
- College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
| | - G. Riekerk
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston SC, 29412, U.S
| | - E. Wirth
- NOAA, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
| | - J. Stewart
- NOAA, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S
| | - D. White
- NOAA, Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health, Center for Human Health Risk, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
| | - L. Vandiver
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, U.S
| | - A.F. Holland
- NOAA, Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health, Center for Human Health Risk, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, U.S
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Rijntjes E, Dresler A, Wirth E, Rathmann D, Köhrle J. The mouse Leydig cell line MLTC-1 prefers L-thyroxine over 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in transport across plasma membrane and shows steroidogenesis response to thyroid hormone treatment. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rehders M, Weber J, Engels K, Rakov H, Hönes S, Führer D, Biebermann H, Wirth E, Schweizer U, Heuer H, Möller L, Brix K. Investigation of potential effects on thyroglobulin processing enzymes and thyroid hormone transporters in thyroid glands of mice with induced hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Weber J, Rehders M, Saftig P, Peters C, Reinheckel T, Schweizer U, Wirth E, Heuer H, Brix K. Phenotyping the mouse thyroid gland by semi-quantitative cell biology. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schmidt HL, Winkler FJ, Latzko E, Wirth E. 13C-Kinetic Isotope Effects in Photosynthetic Carboxylation Reactions and δ13C-Values of Plant Material. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.197800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gering F, Gerich B, Wirth E, Kirchner G. Potential consequences of the Fukushima accident for off-site nuclear emergency management: a case study for Germany. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 155:146-154. [PMID: 23287436 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima accident led to high radionuclide releases into the atmosphere for more than 3 weeks. This situation has not been assumed when the concepts of nuclear emergency preparedness were developed internationally. The results of simulations studying potential implications of Fukushima-like source terms on nuclear emergency preparedness are presented. Two hypothetical source terms are considered. Radiological consequences are assessed with the decision support system RODOS. Atmospheric dispersion calculations are based on meteorological monitoring data from June and December 2010, respectively, to study potential seasonal effects. Simulations are performed for two nuclear power plant sites in Northern and Southern Germany, respectively. These sites are chosen due to their differing meteorology and topography. Predicted radiation doses of members of the population are compared with dose reference levels actually recommended for initiating protective measures in Germany. Potential implications of general interest for nuclear emergency planning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gering
- German Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Postfach 10 01 49, D-38201 Salzgitter, Germany.
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Bieringer J, Bühling A, Haase G, Heinrich T, Müller-Neumann M, Steinkopff T, Wiezorek C, Wirth E. The revised program for measurements in intense operation mode according to AVV-IMIS. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The monitoring program for measurements in intense operation mode has been revised recently by a working group at the Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety (BMU). The major issues of the revision are reported in this contribution. Measurements in intense operation must be appropriate for fast assessment of the radiological situation, for estimating the dose to the population and for decisions on countermeasures to minimize the dose. In order to meet these requirements the structure of the measurement program in intense operation mode was divided into three phases when different exposition paths are relevant: before and during dispersion of radioactive material, immediately after dispersion of radioactive material has ended and a late phase when contamination values have decreased in different environmental media. For each of these phases a special measurement program was defined that is tailored to achieve the above mentioned objectives. Minimum detectable activity concentrations were introduced similar to the measurement program in routine operation mode. They follow the intervention levels in the catalogue of countermeasures and maximum permitted values given by the European Union (EU) for food and animal feed. The minimum detectable activity concentrations were defined such that the detection of 1/10 of the intervention levels for countermeasures is ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Bühling
- Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety
| | - G. Haase
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food
| | - T. Heinrich
- Staatliche Umweltbetriebsgesellschaft Sachsen
| | - M. Müller-Neumann
- Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety
| | | | | | - E. Wirth
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection
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Rijntjes E, Teerds K, Wirth E, Hoefig C, Köhrle J. Thyroid hormone transporters during testicular development in rodents. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1336661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fulton M, Key P, Wirth E, Leight AK, Daugomah J, Bearden D, Sivertsen S, Scott G. An evaluation of contaminated estuarine sites using sediment quality guidelines and ecological assessment methodologies. Ecotoxicology 2006; 15:573-81. [PMID: 17031607 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic contaminants may enter estuarine ecosystems through a variety of pathways. When sediment contaminant levels become sufficiently high, they may impact resident biota. One approach to predict sediment-associated toxicity in estuarine ecosystems involves the use of sediment quality guidelines (ERMs, ERLs) and site-specific contaminant chemistry while a second approach utilizes site-specific ecological sampling to assess impacts at the population or community level. The goal of this study was to utilize an integrated approach including chemical contaminant analysis, sediment quality guidelines and grass shrimp population monitoring to evaluate the impact of contaminants from industrial sources. Three impacted sites and one reference site were selected for study. Grass shrimp populations were sampled using a push-netting approach. Sediment samples were collected at each site and analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. Contaminant levels were then compared to sediment quality guidelines. In general, grass shrimp population densities at the sites decreased as the ERM quotients increased. Grass shrimp densities were significantly reduced at the impacted site that had an ERM exceedance for chromium and the highest Mean ERM quotient. Regression analysis indicated that sediment chromium concentrations were negatively correlated with grass shrimp density. Grass shrimp size was reduced at two sites with intermediate levels of contamination. These findings support the use of both sediment quality guidelines and site-specific population monitoring to evaluate the impacts of sediment-associated contaminants in estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fulton
- Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, 219 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Uchida S, Tagami K, Rühm W, Wirth E. Determination of 99Tc deposited on the ground within the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl reactor and estimation of 99Tc released into atmosphere by the accident. Chemosphere 1999; 39:2757-2766. [PMID: 10633550 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Technetium-99 was determined in samples from the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl reactor. Concentrations of 99Tc in soil samples taken from three forest sites ranged from 1.1 to 14.1 Bq kg-1 dry weight for the organic soil layers, and from 0.13 to 0.83 Bq kg-1 dry weight for the mineral soil layers. In particular, for the organic layers, the measured 99Tc concentrations were one or two orders of magnitude higher than those due to global fallout 99Tc. The 99Tc depositions (Bq m-2), based on the sum of the depositions measured in organic and mineral layers, ranged from 130 Bq m-2 within the 10-km zone to about 20 Bq m-2 close to the border of the 30-km zone. Taking the corresponding measured 137Cs depositions into account, it was found that the activity ratio of 99Tc/137Cs ranged from 6 x 10(-5) to 1.2 x 10(-4). It was estimated that about 970 GBq of 99Tc had been released by the Chernobyl accident. This figure corresponded to 2%-3% of the total 99Tc inventory in the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uchida
- Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Japan
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Abstract
The French radioecological assessment model ASTRAL and the German model PARK have been developed to evaluate the radiological situation in the case of an accidental release of radionuclides and a widespread contamination of the environment. For decision makers it is of importance that the results on foodstuff contamination and on dose to humans are in fairly good agreement, when areas of the common border are affected. Therefore a comparative study has been done for two scenarios, assuming accidental releases on 1 June and 1 October. The study indicates that the models' structures and the transfer parameters are in good agreement. Only model principles for root vegetables are different in both models. Significant differences in results on the contamination of foodstuff and on dose to humans by ingestion are caused by different assumptions on dates of harvest and feeding methods of animals. A corresponding harmonization is essential with respect to decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Renaud
- Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, CE/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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Giovanini MA, Reier PJ, Eskin TA, Wirth E, Anderson DK. Characteristics of human fetal spinal cord grafts in the adult rat spinal cord: influences of lesion and grafting conditions. Exp Neurol 1997; 148:523-43. [PMID: 9417830 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1997.6703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the growth potential and differentiation of human fetal spinal cord (FSC) tissue in the injured adult rat spinal cord under different lesion and grafting conditions. Donor tissue at 6-9 weeks of gestational age was obtained through elective abortions and transplanted either immediately into acute resection (solid grafts) or into chronic contusion (suspension and solid grafts) lesions (i.e., 14-40 days after injury) in the thoracic spinal cord. The xenografts were then examined either histologically in plastic sections or immunocytochemically 1-3 months postgrafting. Intraspinal grafts in acute lesions demonstrated an 83% survival rate and developed as well-circumscribed nodules that were predominantly composed of immature astrocytes. Solid-piece grafts in chronic contusion lesions exhibited a 92% survival rate and also developed as nodular masses. These grafts, however, contained many immature neurons 2 months postgrafting. Suspension grafts in chronic contusion lesions had an 85% survival rate and expanded in a nonrestrictive, diffuse pattern. These transplants demonstrated large neuronally rich areas of neural parenchyma. Extensive neuritic outgrowth could also be seen extending from these grafts into the surrounding host spinal cord. These findings show that human FSC tissue reliably survives and differentiates in both acute and chronic lesions. However, both the lesion environment and the grafting techniques can greatly influence the pattern of differentiation and degree of host-graft integration achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Giovanini
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Nalezinski S, Rühm W, Wirth E. Development of a general equation to determine the transfer factor feed-to-meat for radiocesium on the basis of the body mass of domestic animals. Health Phys 1996; 70:717-721. [PMID: 8690585 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-199605000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transfer factors from feed to meat (T f), taken from literature for monogastric animals and ruminants have been correlated to their corresponding animal body mass (mb). Taking all data into account, a close relationship between both transfer factor and body mass becomes evident, yielding a regression function of T f = 8.0 x mb(-0.91) (r = -0.97). For monogastric animals (including poultry), the corresponding relationships are T f = 5.8 x mb(-0.70) (r = -0.97), for ruminants T f = 1.9 x mb(-0.72) (r = -0.78). The equations offer the opportunity to estimate the transfer factor for individual animals more precisely taking individual body masses into account. They are of interest for animals, on which no or only poor data concerning radiocesium transfer factors are available. The determination of radiocesium transfer factors are reduced to a simple weighing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nalezinski
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Institut für Strahlenhygiene, Neuherberg, Germany
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Kaiser WM, Schröppel-Meier G, Wirth E. Enzyme activities in an artificial stroma medium : An experimental model for studying effects of dehydration on photosynthesis. Planta 1986; 167:292-299. [PMID: 24241865 DOI: 10.1007/bf00391429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/1985] [Accepted: 10/24/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When spinach leaf tissue was subjected to evaporative dehydration, photosynthetic capacity at very high (5%) CO2 concentration and saturating irradiance (300 W·m(-2)), decreased in parallel to the relative water content (RWC). A 50% inhibition was observed at 60-40% RWC. In order to examine whether the inhibition was caused by increased solute concentrations in chloroplasts or cytoplasm, an artificial stroma medium (ASM) was set up containing all major osmotically relevant solutes measured in isolated intact spinach chloroplasts. Subsequently, the response of enzyme activities to normal and to increased concentrations of ASM was examined. Inhibition of enzymes by a concerted increase of all solutes was well correlated to the in-vivo response of photosynthesis to dehydration (60% inhibition at double-strength ASM). Inhibitory solutes were mainly divalent inorganic anions, such as sulfate and phosphate. Inhibition of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by these ions as studied in more detail. Inhibition of the enzyme by sulfate and phosphate was competitive with respect to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, but not with respect to CO2. The KI for sulfate was 2.1 mmol·l(-1) and for phosphate 0.57 mmol·l(-1). Sugars and amino acids at the concentrations found in spinach chloroplasts did not prevent inhibition of enzymes by anions. The results indicate that increased anion concentrations in cells and organelles are responsible for primary, quickly reversible effects of moderate dehydration on plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Kaiser
- Lehrstuhl Botanik I der Universität, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, D-8700, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Kaiser WM, Schwitulla M, Wirth E. Reactions in chloroplasts, cytoplasm and mitochondria of leaf slices under osmotic stress. Planta 1983; 158:302-308. [PMID: 24264749 DOI: 10.1007/bf00397331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1982] [Accepted: 03/07/1983] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of osmotic dehydration on metabolic reactions in three different subcellular compartments (chloroplast, cytoplasm and mitochondria) was studied in vacuum-infiltrated thin leaf slices from various plants, in the absence of stomatal control. The reactions tested were CO2 fixation in the light (chloroplast), CO2 fixation in the dark (cytoplasm), and O2 uptake in the dark (mitochondria). In most plants, the sensitivity of dark CO2 fixation to dehydration was similar to the sensitivity of photosynthesis. In leaf slices from a plant with Crassulacean acid metabolism (Kalanchoe pinnata), dark CO2 fixation (which reached similar rates as light fixation) was slightly more sensitive to osmotic stress than photosynthesis. Dark respiration (measured as O2 uptake) was significantly more resistant to hypertonic stress than both types of CO2 fixation. In crude leaf extracts from spinach, the response of soluble enzymes from the three different subcellular compartments to high concentrations of various electrolytes and neutral compounds was examined and compared with the in-vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Kaiser
- Botanisches Institut I der Universität, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, D-8700, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Wirth E. The applicability of the 14C-specific activity model. Health Phys 1982; 43:919-922. [PMID: 7152954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Matthies M, Eisfeld K, Paretzke H, Wirth E. Stochastic calculations for radiation risk assessment: a Monte-Carlo approach to the simulation of radiocesium transport in the posture--cow--milk food chain. Health Phys 1981; 40:764-769. [PMID: 7263270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Kömpf J, Wirth E. [Identification of an unknown corpse through comparative blood and muscles isoenzyme determination]. Arch Kriminol 1972; 150:49-50. [PMID: 4675485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kögl F, Becker H, de Voss G, Wirth E. Untersuchungen über Pilzfarbstoffe. VII. Die Synthese des Atromentins. Zur Kenntnis der Atromentinsäure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1928. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19284650112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wirth E. SUTURE OF SEVERED MEDIAN NERVE, WITH RAPID RECOVERY OF FUNCTION. West J Med 1921; 2:900-1. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.3178.900-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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