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Makhmudova U, Schatz U, Perakakis N, Kassner U, Schumann F, Axthelm C, Stürzebecher P, Sinning DL, Doevelaar A, Rohn B, Westhoff T, Vogt A, Scholl M, Kästner U, Geiling JA, Stach K, Mensch J, Lorenz E, Paitazoglou C, Eitel I, Baessler A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Koenig W, Schulze PC, Landmesser U, Laufs U, Weingärtner O. High interindividual variability in LDL-cholesterol reductions after inclisiran administration in a real-world multicenter setting in Germany. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1639-1649. [PMID: 37422840 PMCID: PMC10584696 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main therapeutic target in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) inclisiran is a new drug, which targets PCSK9 mRNA in the liver, reducing concentrations of circulating LDL-C. In randomized trials, inclisiran demonstrated a substantial reduction in LDL-C. The German Inclisiran Network (GIN) aims to evaluate LDL-C reductions in a real-world cohort of patients treated with inclisiran in Germany. METHODS Patients who received inclisiran in 14 lipid clinics in Germany for elevated LDL-C levels between February 2021 and July 2022 were included in this analysis. We described baseline characteristics, individual LDL-C changes (%) and side effects in 153 patients 3 months (n = 153) and 9 months (n = 79) after inclisiran administration. RESULTS Since all patients were referred to specialized lipid clinics, only one-third were on statin therapy due to statin intolerance. The median LDL-C reduction was 35.5% at 3 months and 26.5% at 9 months. In patients previously treated with PCSK9 antibody (PCSK9-mAb), LDL-C reductions were less effective than in PCSK9-mAb-naïve patients (23.6% vs. 41.1% at 3 months). Concomitant statin treatment was associated with more effective LDL-C lowering. There was a high interindividual variability in LDL-C changes from baseline. Altogether, inclisiran was well-tolerated, and side effects were rare (5.9%). CONCLUSION In this real-world patient population referred to German lipid clinics for elevated LDL-C levels, inclisiran demonstrated a high interindividual variability in LDL-C reductions. Further research is warranted to elucidate reasons for the interindividual variability in drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Makhmudova
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Schatz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - N Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - U Kassner
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Schumann
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Axthelm
- Cardiologicum Dresden and Pirna, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Stürzebecher
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D L Sinning
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Doevelaar
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - B Rohn
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - T Westhoff
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - A Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Scholl
- Medical Care Centre, Nephrocare Mühlhausen GmbH, Mühlhausen/Thuringia, Germany
| | - U Kästner
- Medical Care Centre, Nephrocare Mühlhausen GmbH, Mühlhausen/Thuringia, Germany
| | - J-A Geiling
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - K Stach
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Mensch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Paitazoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - I Eitel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Baessler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - W Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - P C Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - U Landmesser
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Laufs
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Weingärtner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Ortiz PR, Lorenz E, Meyer F, Croner R, Lünse S, Hunger R, Mantke R, Benz-Weisser A, Zarras K, Huenerbein M, Paasch C. The effect of an abdominal binder on postoperative outcome after open incisional hernia repair in sublay technique: a multicenter, randomized pilot trial (ABIHR-II). Hernia 2023; 27:1263-1271. [PMID: 37466732 PMCID: PMC10533646 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the evidence is minimal, an abdominal binder is commonly prescribed after open incisional hernia repair (IHR) to reduce pain. This study aimed to investigate this common postoperative treatment. METHODS The ABIHR-II trial was a national prospective, randomized, multicenter non-AMG/MPG pilot study with two groups of patients (wearing an abdominal binder (AB) for 2 weeks during daytime vs. not wearing an AB following open IHR with the sublay technique). Patient enrollment took place from July 2020 to February 2022. The primary endpoint was pain at rest on the 14th postoperative day (POD) using the visual analog scale (VAS). The use of analgesics was not systematically recorded. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used. RESULTS A total of 51 individuals were recruited (25 women, 26 men; mean age 61.4 years; mean body mass index 30.65 kg/m2). The per-protocol analysis included 40 cases (AB group, n = 21; No-AB group, n = 19). Neither group showed a significant difference in terms of pain at rest, limited mobility, general well-being, and seroma formation and rate. Patients among the AB group had a significantly lower rate of surgical site infection (SSI) on the 14th POD (AB group 4.8% (n = 1) vs. No-AB group 27.8% (n = 5), p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Wearing an AB did not have an impact on pain and seroma formation rate but it may reduce the rate of postoperative SSI within the first 14 days after surgery. Further trials are mandatory to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Ortiz
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of General, Abdominal and Cancer Surgery, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Lorenz
- Department of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Otto-Von-Guericke University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - F. Meyer
- Department of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Otto-Von-Guericke University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R. Croner
- Department of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Otto-Von-Guericke University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S. Lünse
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel, Hochstrasse 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - R. Hunger
- Faculty of Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - R. Mantke
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel, Hochstrasse 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - A. Benz-Weisser
- Department of General, Abdominal Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - K. Zarras
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive and Cancer Surgery, Marien Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Huenerbein
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Oberhavel Clinic Oranienburg, Oranienburg, Germany
| | - C. Paasch
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel, Hochstrasse 29, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
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Habermann T, Lorenz E, Puradiredja DI. Mediation of behavioural and socioeconomic risk factors associated with malaria in children in Ghana. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives
Malaria remains a major global public health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially among children <5 years in Ghana. While an association between poverty and malaria has long been recognised, evidence on the causal pathways between socioeconomic position (SEP) and malaria is scarce. Our study contributes to addressing this gap by investigating the association whilst taking mediation through potential behavioural and socioeconomic factors into account. This can help to identify more specific targets for interventions on a structural level.
Methods
Using data of 3,004 children from the Malaria Indicator Survey of the Demographic and Health Surveys Program conducted in Ghana in 2019, a household wealth index (quintiles) was derived using principal component analysis based on household assets. Causal multiple mediation analyses investigated mediating effects of treatment-seeking, bed net (LLIN) use, educational attainment, and housing conditions on the association between socioeconomic position and children's malaria fever events.
Results
Higher maternal educational attainment and housing conditions jointly mediate 18% of the association between socioeconomic position and malaria fever events (OR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.96-0.99). Maternal educational attainment and seeking formal prenatal health care jointly mediate 20% of the total effect (OR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.95-1.00), in presence of a lower socioeconomic position. No strong mediation was found for educational attainment jointly with the use of LLINs between malaria and socioeconomic position in this study (OR = 0.99; 95%CI = 0.97-1.01).
Conclusions
As shown by the proportions mediated between malaria and socioeconomic position, findings suggest that current malaria control efforts could be strengthened by investments at the structural levels, such as increased (female) education, targeted improvements in housing, and stronger integration of informal health care.
Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- T Habermann
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck- Riems, Germany
- IMBEI, University Medical Centre of the JGU Mainz , Mainz, Germany
| | - DI Puradiredja
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
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Gruninger S, Rasamoelina T, Rakotoarivelo R, Doumbia CO, Lorenz E, van Dam GJ, Schwarz NG, May J, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Fusco D. Schistosomiasis control in adults: a call for action towards the goal of universal health coverage. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis is a high-burden parasitic disease and endemic in tropical climates, such as Madagascar. Recently it is emerging in Europe. Chronic infections lead to disabilities including loss in work productivity. Current control strategies focus on school-aged children, thereby systematically excluding adults. The goal to eliminate the disease as a public health problem is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals agenda, including Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We aim at assessing the distribution of schistosomiasis among adults in Madagascar, in order to promote more targeted public health initiatives against the disease.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, 1477 blood samples were collected at three primary health-care centers in Madagascar from 03.21 to 01.22. A semi quantitative PCR assay was used to assess the presence of Schistosoma. Positivity rates with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were reported by gender and age groups.
Results
Our study population had a balanced gender distribution with 54.2% [CI: 51.7;56.8] of females and a median age of 37 years (IQR: 24-48). Preliminary results show an overall Schistosome positivity rate of 59.5% [CI: 57.0;62.0]. Positivity was higher in males 62.4% [CI: 58.7;66.1], than in females 57.1% [CI: 53.5;60.5]. Highest positivity was seen in the 18-34 year age group with 66.2% [CI: 62.7;69.6]. Lowest positivity of 46.2% [CI: 39.2;53.2] was observed in adults aged over 55 years.
Conclusions
Our preliminary results provide evidence of high positivity rates of schistosomiasis among adults in a highly endemic country. Differently from many studies, males seem more affected than females. The youngest age group, representing the more active workforce of a population, shows a higher positivity rate. Our data suggests that, in the logic of UHC and health as a human right, public health strategies for schistosomiasis need to be re-addressed towards a universal coverage of affected individuals.
Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gruninger
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck- Riems, Germany
| | - T Rasamoelina
- Centre d’Infectiologie Charles Mérieux, University of Antananarivo , Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - R Rakotoarivelo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Fianarantsoa Andrainjato , Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
| | - C Oumar Doumbia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck- Riems, Germany
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences Technics and Technologies of Bamako , Bamako, Mali
| | - E Lorenz
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck- Riems, Germany
| | - GJ van Dam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands
| | - NG Schwarz
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck- Riems, Germany
| | - J May
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck- Riems, Germany
| | - R Rakotozandrindrainy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Antananarivo , Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - D Fusco
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck- Riems, Germany
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Rausche P, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Rasamoelina T, Rakotomalala RS, Kutz JM, Lorenz E, May J, Rakotoarivelo RA, Puradiredja DI, Fusco D. Awareness of Female Genital Schistosomiasis: A cross-sectional survey in rural Madagascar. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Infections with S. haematobium are endemic in tropical regions and emerging in some European countries. Prolonged chronic infection with S. haematobium can cause Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS), which can lead to serious gynecological conditions, including infertility. However, awareness of FGS is limited, as are adequate guidelines and public health strategies to manage the disease. The aim of this study is to determine the levels and quality of FGS awareness among women and healthcare workers (HCW) in the Boeny region of Madagascar, where the disease is endemic.
Methods
Data collection involved a cross-sectional survey of adult women (n = 694) and HCWs (n = 93) on topics, such as respondents’ sociodemographic background characteristics, FGS awareness, and risk perceptions. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics including proportions and 95% confidence intervals.
Results
Of the 694 women included in the study, 11.2% (CI [9.0-13.8%]) had heard of FGS. Among these, 34.6% (CI [24.1-46.2%]) were unaware of the gynecological symptoms signature for FGS, and 41% (CI [30.0-52.7%]) were unaware of the urological symptoms of the disease. Out of the 93 HCW surveyed, 53.2% (CI [42.6-63.6%]) had heard of FGS. Among these, 42.0% (CI [28.1-56.8%]) were unaware of the gynecological symptoms, and 52.0% (CI [37.4-66.3%]) were unaware of the urological symptoms.
Conclusions
Preliminary results show overall low levels of FGS awareness among the study population. While more women reported to have never heard of FGS than HCW, the proportion of HCWs who did not know the gynecological and urological symptoms of FGS was higher. Given the occurrence of FGS in Europe and the chronic character of the disease it would be crucial to conduct similar investigations in Europe. Such findings can contribute to the design of targeted local and global FGS awareness campaigns to improve the health of women affected by this disease worldwide.
Key messages
• Awareness of FGS among the study population in Madagascar, an endemic country, is low.
• Lack of awareness can delay the identification of the disease and increase individual and community burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rausche
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Berhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Reserach, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems , Germany
| | | | - T Rasamoelina
- Centre Infectiolologie Charles Mérieux , Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - RS Rakotomalala
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Androva , Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - JM Kutz
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Berhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Reserach, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems , Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Berhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Reserach, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems , Germany
| | - J May
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Berhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Reserach, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems , Germany
| | | | - DI Puradiredja
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Berhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Fusco
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Berhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Reserach, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems , Germany
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6
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Bock M, Von Schacky C, Scherr J, Lorenz E, Lechner B, Haller B, Krannich A, Halle M, Wachter R, Duvinage A, Edelmann F, Lechner K. Trans fatty acid blood levels and HFpEF phenotype: from the Aldo-DHF RCT. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prognosis in HFpEF is determined by risk factor control and treatment of comorbidities. Industrially processed TFA (IP-TFA) from partially hydrogenated oils have been linked to altered lipoprotein metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, increased biomarkers of inflammation and increased NTproBNP. In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associations of TFA blood levels with patient characteristics are unknown.
Purpose
To evaluate associations of blood TFA with cardiovascular risk factors, aerobic capacity and cardiac function in patients with HFpEF.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis from the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, individual blood TFA were analyzed at baseline in n=404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were; 67±8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥50%, E/e' 7.1±1.5; median NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82–298). Multiple linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of TFA with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, echocardiographic markers for left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF), and neurohumoral activation at baseline and after 12-months-follow-up (12mFU). To account for randomization group, all analyses were repeated as sensitivity analysis with group as covariate. A significance level of α=5% was used for all tests. As all tests were hypothesis generating without confirmatory interpretation, no correction was applied to counteract the problem of multiple comparisons.
Results
Higher blood levels of the naturally occurring TFA C16:1n-7t were broadly associated with a more favorable lipid profile, lower body weight/central adiposity, lower white blood cell count and lower biochemical markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at baseline/12mFU. Conversely, blood levels of the IP-TFA C18:1n9t were directly associated with lipid risk markers [triglycerides (β=19.7, p<0,001), non-HDL-C (β=7.9, p=0,001), and LDL-C (β=5.4, p=0,011)]. The two IP-TFA C18:2n6 isomers C18:2n6tt and C18:2n6ct were positively associated with HbA1c [(β=14.6, p=0,003) and (β=4.2, p=0,014) respectively]. The IP-TFA C18:2n6tt/-ct isomers were associated with lower submaximal aerobic capacity (distance covered in the 6MWT) at baseline/12mFU. No significant association was found between TFA blood levels and left ventricular filling pressures, left ventricular relaxation or neurohumoral activation. Significant effects of group allocation (spironolactone +/−) were found for the 12mFU outcomes systolic/diastolic blood pressure (all p<0.001), heart rate, E/e$'$ and HbA1c.
Conclusions
In HFpEF patients, higher blood levels of industrially processed TFA, but not of the TFA C16:1n-7t in full fat dairy and meat, were associated with a higher risk phenotype and lower aerobic capacity. Our findings support efforts to remove IP-TFA from the food supply for improving risk factor control in HFpEF patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): German Foundation of Heart Research
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bock
- German Heart Center of Munich, Department of Cardiology , Munich , Germany
| | - C Von Schacky
- University Hospital of Munich, Omegametrix, Martinsried, Germany , Munich , Germany
| | - J Scherr
- University Hospital Balgrist , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - E Lorenz
- German Heart Center of Munich, Department of Cardiology , Munich , Germany
| | - B Lechner
- Ludwig Maximilians University , Munich , Germany
| | - B Haller
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine , Munich , Germany
| | - A Krannich
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - M Halle
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine , Munich , Germany
| | - R Wachter
- Leipzig University Hospital, Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology , Leipzig , Germany
| | - A Duvinage
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine , Munich , Germany
| | - F Edelmann
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Cardiology , Berlin , Germany
| | - K Lechner
- German Heart Center of Munich, Department of Cardiology , Munich , Germany
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Paasch C, Bruckert L, Soeder S, Von Frankenberg J, Mantke R, Lorenz E, Andric M, Wiede A, Strack A, Hünerbein M, Croner S. The effect of biofeedback pelvic floor training with ACTICORE1 on fecal incontinence A prospective multicentric cohort pilot study. Int J Surg 2022; 101:106617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Lorenz E, Arend J, Franz M, Rahimli M, Perrakis A, Negrini V, Gumbs AA, Croner RS. Robotic and laparoscopic liver resection-comparative experiences at a high-volume German academic center. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:753-761. [PMID: 33834295 PMCID: PMC8106606 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) is a feasible and safe procedure for benign and malignant tumors. There has been an ongoing debate on whether conventional laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) or robotic liver resection (RLR) is superior and if one approach should be favored over the other. We started using LLR in 2010, and introduced RLR in 2013. In the present paper, we report on our experiences with these two techniques as early adopters in Germany. Methods The data of patients who underwent MILS between 2010 and 2020 were collected prospectively in the Magdeburg Registry for Minimally Invasive Liver Surgery (MD-MILS). A retrospective analysis was performed regarding patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and perioperative parameters. Results We identified 155 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Of these, 111 (71.6%) underwent LLR and 44 (29.4%) received RLR. After excluding cystic lesions, 113 cases were used for the analysis of perioperative parameters. Resected specimens were significantly bigger in the RLR vs. the LLR group (405 g vs. 169 g, p = 0.002); in addition, the tumor diameter was significantly larger in the RLR vs. the LLR group (5.6 cm vs. 3.7 cm, p = 0.001). Hence, the amount of major liver resections (three or more segments) was significantly higher in the RLR vs. the LLR group (39.0% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.005). The mean operative time was significantly longer in the RLR vs. the LLR group (331 min vs. 181 min, p = 0.0001). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the RLR vs. the LLR group (13.4 vs. LLR 8.7 days, p = 0.03). The R0 resection rate for solid tumors was higher in the RLR vs. the LLR group but without statistical significance (93.8% vs. 87.9%, p = 0.48). The postoperative morbidity ≥ Clavien-Dindo grade 3 was 5.6% in the LLR vs. 17.1% in the RLR group (p = 0.1). No patient died in the RLR but two patients (2.8%) died in the LLR group, 30 and 90 days after surgery (p = 0.53). Conclusion Minimally invasive liver surgery is safe and feasible. Robotic and laparoscopic liver surgery shows similar and adequate perioperative oncological results for selected patients. RLR might be advantageous for more advanced and technically challenging procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - J Arend
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Franz
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Rahimli
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Perrakis
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - V Negrini
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A A Gumbs
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy/Saint-Germain-En-Laye, 10 Rue du Champ Gaillard, 78300, Poissy, France
| | - R S Croner
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Baaken D, Hammer GP, Seidenbusch MC, Schneider K, Blettner M, Pokora R, Lorenz E. Reply to 'Comment on: Baaken D, Hammer GP, Seidenbusch MC, Schneider K, Spix C, Blettner M, Pokora R and Lorenz E 2019 Second follow-up of a German cohort on childhood cancer after exposure to postnatal diagnostic x-ray J. Radiol. Prot. 39 1074-91'. J Radiol Prot 2020; 40:920-921. [PMID: 32840238 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aba344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Baaken
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI) Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Rahimli M, Perrakis A, Schellerer V, Andric M, Stockheim J, Lorenz E, Franz M, Arend J, Croner RS. A falciform ligament flap surface sealing technique for laparoscopic and robotic-assisted liver surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12143. [PMID: 32699283 PMCID: PMC7376099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether sealing the hepatic resection surface after liver surgery decreases morbidity is still unclear. Nevertheless, various methods and materials are currently in use for this procedure. Here, we describe our experience with a simple technique using a mobilized falciform ligament flap in minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS). We retrospectively analyzed the charts from 46 patients who received minor MILS between 2011 and 2019 from the same surgical team in a university hospital setting in Germany. Twenty-four patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection, and 22 patients received robotic-assisted liver resection. Sixteen patients in the laparoscopic group and fourteen in the robotic group received a falciform ligament flap (FLF) to cover the resection surface after liver surgery. Our cohort was thus divided into two groups: laparoscopic and robotic patients with (MILS + FLF) and without an FLF (MILS-FLF). Twenty-eight patients (60.9%) in our cohort were male. The overall mean age was 56.8 years (SD 16.8). The mean operating time was 249 min in the MILS + FLF group vs. 235 min in the MILS-FLF group (p = 0.682). The mean blood loss was 301 ml in the MILS + FLF group vs. 318 ml in the MILS-FLF group (p = 0.859). Overall morbidity was 3.3% in the MILS + FLF group vs. 18.8% in the MILS-FLF group (p = 0.114). One patient in the MILS-FLF group (overall 2.2%), who underwent robotic liver surgery, developed bile leakage, but this did not occur in the MILS + FLF group. Covering the resection surface of the liver after minor minimally invasive liver resection with an FLF is a simple and cost-effective technique that does not prolong surgical time or negatively affect other perioperative parameters. In fact, it is a safe add-on step during MILS that may reduce postoperative morbidity. Further studies with larger cohorts will be needed to substantiate our proof of concept and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rahimli
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - A Perrakis
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - V Schellerer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Andric
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Stockheim
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Franz
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Arend
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R S Croner
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Tucher N, Höhn O, Murthy JN, Martinez JC, Steiner M, Armbruster A, Lorenz E, Bläsi B, Goldschmidt JC. Energy yield analysis of textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells and modules. Opt Express 2019; 27:A1419-A1430. [PMID: 31684495 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.0a1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells combine potentially low production costs with the ability to surpass the efficiency limit of silicon single junction solar cells. Optical modeling and optimization are crucial to achieve this ambitious goal in the near future. The optimization should seek to maximize the energy yield based on realistic environmental conditions. This work analyzes the energy yield of perovskite silicon tandem solar cells and modules based on realistic experimental data, with a special focus on the investigation of surface textures at the front and rear side of the solar cell and its implication for reflection as well as parasitic absorption properties. The investigation reveals a 7.3%rel higher energy yield for an encapsulated tandem cell with a textured front side compared with an encapsulated high efficiency single junction solar cell with 24.3% harvesting efficiency for irradiance data of the year 2014 in Freiburg/Germany.
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Koeck S, Zwierzina M, Gamerith G, Lorenz E, Zwierzina H, Amann A. Establishing of a primary cancer microtissue model to investigate immune cell infiltration. Eur J Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ditgen D, Anandarajah EM, Reinhardt A, Younis AE, Witt S, Hansmann J, Lorenz E, García-Hernández M, Paclik D, Soblik H, Jolodar A, Seeberger PH, Liebau E, Brattig NW. Comparative characterization of two galectins excreted-secreted from intestine-dwelling parasitic versus free-living females of the soil-transmitted nematode Strongyloides. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 225:73-83. [PMID: 30179636 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Helminths are complex pathogens that ensure their long-term survival by influencing the immune responses of their host. Excretory/secretory products (ESP) can exert immunoregulatory effects which foster parasite survival. Galectins represent a widespread group of β-galactoside-binding proteins which are involved in a multitude of biological processes operative in parasite-host interaction. We had earlier identified seven galectins in Strongyloides ratti, four of them detected in the ESP of distinct developmental stages of the parasite. In the present report, we focused on the characterization of two of them, Sr-galectin-1 (Sr-Gal-1) and Sr-galectin-3 (Sr-Gal-3). While Sr-Gal-3 expression was strongest in parasitic females, Sr-Gal-1 was predominantly expressed in free-living females. Both proteins were cloned and recombinantly expressed in an E. coli expression system. Their glycan-binding activity was verified by haemagglutination and glycan array analysis. Furthermore, primary immunological activities of the Sr-galectins were initially investigated by the application of an in vitro mucosal 3D-culture model, comprising of mucosa-associated epithelial and dendritic cells. The Sr-galectins stimulated preferentially the release of the type 2 cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-22, a first indication for immunoregulatory activity. In addition, the Sr-galectins dose-dependently fostered cell migration. Our results confirm the importance of these carbohydrate-binding proteins in host-parasite-interaction by indicating possible interaction with the host mucosa-associated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ditgen
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - E M Anandarajah
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - A Reinhardt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A E Younis
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - S Witt
- Cellular Parasitology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hansmann
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M García-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, Mexico; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Paclik
- Medical Department, Devision of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Soblik
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; GALENpharma GmbH, 24109, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Jolodar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, IR, Iran
| | - P H Seeberger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Liebau
- Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - N W Brattig
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
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Herold J, Mitrasch A, Lorenz E, Lodes U, Tanev I, Braun-Dullaeus R, Meyer F. [Vomiting and collapse of a 28-year-old male long distance runner in middle European Summer]. Internist (Berl) 2018; 59:850-856. [PMID: 29651510 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-018-0415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthermia often ends fatally and must therefore be promptly recognized and adequately treated. CASE A 28-year-old man participated in a long-distance race (3 km) on a hot summer day (28 °C). The runner collapsed, had to vomit but continued the run and reached the finish. Neurologically, the patient presented with intermittent cerebral seizures. External cooling batteries were immediately applied and cold infusions were started. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit of the university hospital (body temperature 40.2 °C). After a few hours, a manifest disseminated intravascular coagulopathy developed with multiple organ failure. It took 12 l of volume replacement, 8 units of fresh frozen plasma and 2 units of erythrocyte concentrates in the first 12 h to stabilize the patient. Although with the help of forced external cooling and application of cold infusions, the body temperature could be lowered to 38 °C by the next morning, the overall situation of the patient continued to deteriorate. Despite dialysis and massive substitution of coagulation factors, the patient could not be sufficiently stabilized and died of brain edema. CONCLUSION Not only the old or young children are subject to the potential danger of a fatal heat stroke but also young athletic persons after normal sports activities (3 km run). Cooling must be started immediately and the patient must be hospitalized as a vital emergency. If hemostasis fails due to the heat-related loss of hepatogenic protein synthesis, a viscious circle begins, which, as in the reported case, is irreversible despite maximum therapy and substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Herold
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
| | - A Mitrasch
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - E Lorenz
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Gefäß- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - U Lodes
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - I Tanev
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - R Braun-Dullaeus
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - F Meyer
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Gefäß- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Magdeburg, Deutschland
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Koeck S, Zwierzina M, Gamerith G, Lorenz E, Zwierzina H, Kern J, Amann A. The influence of stromal cells on CD3+ CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocyte subpopulations in cancer microtissues. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gamerith G, Hackl H, Wallinger P, Fandel L, Kern J, Augustin F, Lorenz E, Hoflehner E, Mildner F, Moser P, Sprung S, Zelger B, Köck S, Amann A, Schäfer G, Öfner D, Maier H, Trajanoski Z, Zwierzina H, Sopper S. Soluble immune checkpoints CD27, Lag3, PD-L2 and Tim3 in early stage NSCLC patients. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lorenz E, Blettner M, Schmidt M, Schneider A, Wollschläger D, Merzenich H. Prävalenz kardialer Vorerkrankungen bei Brustkrebspatientinnen: ein Vergleich mit der weiblichen Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik/Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz
| | - M Blettner
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik/Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz
| | - M Schmidt
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Klinik und Poliklinik für Geburtshilfe und Frauengesundheit, Mainz
| | - A Schneider
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik/Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Klinik und Poliklinik für Geburtshilfe und Frauengesundheit, Mainz
| | - D Wollschläger
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik/Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz
| | - H Merzenich
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik/Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz
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Mountrakis L, Lorenz E, Hoekstra AG. Revisiting the use of the immersed-boundary lattice-Boltzmann method for simulations of suspended particles. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:013302. [PMID: 29347057 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.013302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The immersed-boundary lattice-Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) is increasingly being used in simulations of dense suspensions. These systems are computationally very expensive and can strongly benefit from lower resolutions that still maintain the desired accuracy for the quantities of interest. IB-LBM has a number of free parameters that have to be defined, often without exact knowledge of the tradeoffs, since their behavior in low resolutions is not well understood. Such parameters are the lattice constant Δx, the number of vertices N_{v}, the interpolation kernel ϕ, and the LBM relaxation time τ. We investigate the effect of these IB-LBM parameters on a number of straightforward but challenging benchmarks. The systems considered are (a) the flow of a single sphere in shear flow, (b) the collision of two spheres in shear flow, and (c) the lubrication interaction of two spheres. All benchmarks are performed in three dimensions. The first two systems are used for determining two effective radii: the hydrodynamic radius r_{hyd} and the particle interaction radius r_{inter}. The last system is used to establish the numerical robustness of the lubrication forces, used to probe the hydrodynamic interactions in the limit of small gaps. Our results show that lower spatial resolutions result in larger hydrodynamic and interaction radii, while surface densities should be chosen above two vertices per LU^{2} result to prevent fluid penetration in underresolved meshes. Underresolved meshes also failed to produce the migration of particles toward the center of the domain due to lift forces in Couette flow, mostly noticeable for IBM-kernel ϕ_{2}. Kernel ϕ_{4}, despite being more robust toward mesh resolution, produces a notable membrane thickness, leading to the breakdown of the lubrication forces in larger gaps, and its use in dense suspensions where the mean particle distances are small can result in undesired behavior. r_{hyd} is measured to be different from r_{inter}, suggesting that there is no consistent measure to recalibrate the radius of the suspended particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mountrakis
- Computational Science Lab, Institute of Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Lorenz
- Computational Science Lab, Institute of Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Institute of Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ženka J, Caisová V, Uher O, Nedbalová P, Kvardová K, Masáková K, Krejčová G, Paďouková L, Jochmanová I, Wolf KI, Chmelař J, Kopecký J, Loumagne L, Mestadier J, D’agostino S, Rohaut A, Ruffin Y, Croize V, Lemaître O, Sidhu SS, Althammer S, Steele K, Rebelatto M, Tan T, Wiestler T, Spitzmueller A, Korn R, Schmidt G, Higgs B, Li X, Shi L, Jin X, Ranade K, Koeck S, Amann A, Gamerith G, Zwierzina M, Lorenz E, Zwierzina H, Kern J, Riva M, Baert T, Coosemans A, Giovannoni R, Radaelli E, Gsell W, Himmelreich U, Van Ranst M, Xing F, Qian W, Dong C, Xu X, Guo S, Shi Q, Quandt D, Seliger B, Plett C, Amberger DC, Rabe A, Deen D, Stankova Z, Hirn A, Vokac Y, Werner J, Krämer D, Rank A, Schmid C, Schmetzer H, Guerin M, Weiss JM, Regnier F, Renault G, Vimeux L, Peranzoni E, Feuillet V, Thoreau M, Guilbert T, Trautmann A, Bercovici N, Amberger DC, Doraneh-Gard F, Boeck CL, Plett C, Gunsilius C, Kugler C, Werner J, Schmohl J, Kraemer D, Ismann B, Rank A, Schmid C, Schmetzer HM, Markota A, Ochs C, May P, Gottschlich A, Gosálvez JS, Karches C, Wenk D, Endres S, Kobold S, Hilmenyuk T, Klar R, Jaschinski F, Gamerith G, Augustin F, Lorenz E, Manzl C, Hoflehner E, Moser P, Zelger B, Köck S, Amann A, Kern J, Schäfer G, Öfner D, Maier H, Zwierzina H, Sopper S, Prado-Garcia H, Romero-Garcia S, Sandoval-Martínez R, Puerto-Aquino A, Lopez-Gonzalez J, Rumbo-Nava U, Klar R, Hilmenyuk T, Jaschinski F, Coosemans A, Baert T, Van Hoylandt A, Busschaert P, Vergote I, Baert T, Van Hoylandt A, Busschaert P, Vergote I, Coosemans A, Laengle J, Pilatova K, Budinska E, Bencsikova B, Sefr R, Nenutil R, Brychtova V, Fedorova L, Hanakova B, Zdrazilova-Dubska L, Allen C, Ku YC, Tom W, Sun Y, Pankov A, Looney T, Hyland F, Au-Young J, Mongan A, Becker A, Tan JBL, Chen A, Lawson K, Lindsey E, Powers JP, Walters M, Schindler U, Young S, Jaen JC, Yin S, Chen Y, Gullo I, Gonçalves G, Pinto ML, Athelogou M, Almeida G, Huss R, Oliveira C, Carneiro F, Merz C, Sykora J, Hermann K, Hussong R, Richards DM, Fricke H, Hill O, Gieffers C, Pinho MP, Barbuto JAM, McArdle SE, Foulds G, Vadakekolathu JN, Abdel-Fatah TMA, Johnson C, Hood S, Moseley P, Rees RC, Chan SYT, Pockley AG, Rutella S, Geppert C, Hartmann A, Kumar KS, Gokilavani M, Wang S, Merz C, Richards DM, Sykora J, Redondo-Müller M, Heinonen K, Marschall V, Thiemann M, Fricke H, Gieffers C, Hill O, Zhang L, Mao B, Jin Y, Zhai G, Li Z, Wang Z, Qian W, An X, Qiao M, Zhang J, Shi Q, Weber J, Kluger H, Halaban R, Sznol M, Roder H, Roder J, Grigorieva J, Asmellash S, Oliveira C, Meyer K, Steingrimsson A, Blackmon S, Sullivan R, Boeck CL, Amberger DC, Doraneh-Gard F, Sutanto W, Guenther T, Schmohl J, Schuster F, Salih H, Babor F, Borkhardt A, Schmetzer H, Kim Y, Oh I, Park C, Ahn S, Na K, Song S, Choi Y, Fedorova L, Poprach A, Lakomy R, Selingerova I, Demlova R, Pilatova K, Kozakova S, Valik D, Petrakova K, Vyzula R, Zdrazilova-Dubska L, Aguilar-Cazares D, Galicia-Velasco M, Camacho-Mendoza C, Islas-Vazquez L, Chavez-Dominguez R, Gonzalez-Gonzalez C, Prado-Garcia H, Lopez-Gonzalez JS, Yang S, Moynihan KD, Noh M, Bekdemir A, Stellacci F, Irvine DJ, Volz B, Kapp K, Oswald D, Wittig B, Schmidt M, Chavez-Dominguez R, Aguilar-Cazares D, Prado-Garcia H, Islas-Vazquez L, Lopez-Gonzalez JS, Kleef R, Bohdjalian A, McKee D, Moss RW, Saeed M, Zalba S, Debets R, ten Hagen TLM, Javed S, Becher J, Koch-Nolte F, Haag F, Gordon EM, Sankhala KK, Stumpf N, Tseng W, Chawla SP, Suárez NG, Báez GB, Rodríguez MC, Pérez AG, García LC, Fernández DH, Pous JR, Ramírez BS, Jacoberger-Foissac C, Saliba H, Seguin C, Brion A, Frisch B, Fournel S, Heurtault B, Otterhaug T, Håkerud M, Nedberg A, Edwards V, Selbo P, Høgset A, Jaitly T, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Gross S, Schuler-Thurner B, Gupta S, Taher L, Schuler G, Vera J, Rataj F, Kraus F, Grassmann S, Chaloupka M, Lesch S, Heise C, Endres S, Kobold S, Cadilha BML, Dorman K, Heise C, Rataj F, Endres S, Kobold S. Abstracts from the 4th ImmunoTherapy of Cancer Conference. J Immunother Cancer 2017. [PMCID: PMC5374589 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Becker J, Lorenz E, Haas G, Helwig C, Oksen D, Mahnke L, Bharmal M. Evaluation of real world treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) following second line chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw379.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Amann A, Zwierzina M, Gamerith G, Koeck S, Lorenz E, Zwierzina H, Kern J. A multicellular 3D cell culture model for investigation of endothelial cell migration. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kolb A, Parl C, Mantlik F, Liu CC, Lorenz E, Renker D, Pichler BJ. Development of a novel depth of interaction PET detector using highly multiplexed G-APD cross-strip encoding. Med Phys 2015; 41:081916. [PMID: 25086547 DOI: 10.1118/1.4890609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a prototype PET detector module for a combined small animal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) system. The most important factor for small animal imaging applications is the detection sensitivity of the PET camera, which can be optimized by utilizing longer scintillation crystals. At the same time, small animal PET systems must yield a high spatial resolution. The measured object is very close to the PET detector because the bore diameter of a high field animal MR scanner is limited. When used in combination with long scintillation crystals, these small-bore PET systems generate parallax errors that ultimately lead to a decreased spatial resolution. Thus, we developed a depth of interaction (DoI) encoding PET detector module that has a uniform spatial resolution across the whole field of view (FOV), high detection sensitivity, compactness, and insensitivity to magnetic fields. METHODS The approach was based on Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD) detectors with cross-strip encoding. The number of readout channels was reduced by a factor of 36 for the chosen block elements. Two 12 × 2 G-APD strip arrays (25 μm cells) were placed perpendicular on each face of a 12 × 12 lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystal block with a crystal size of 1.55 × 1.55 × 20 mm. The strip arrays were multiplexed into two channels and used to calculate the x, y coordinates for each array and the deposited energy. The DoI was measured in step sizes of 1.8 mm by a collimated (18)F source. The coincident resolved time (CRT) was analyzed at all DoI positions by acquiring the waveform for each event and applying a digital leading edge discriminator. RESULTS All 144 crystals were well resolved in the crystal flood map. The average full width half maximum (FWHM) energy resolution of the detector was 12.8% ± 1.5% with a FWHM CRT of 1.14 ± 0.02 ns. The average FWHM DoI resolution over 12 crystals was 2.90 ± 0.15 mm. CONCLUSIONS The novel DoI PET detector, which is based on strip G-APD arrays, yielded a DoI resolution of 2.9 mm and excellent timing and energy resolution. Its high multiplexing factor reduces the number of electronic channels. Thus, this cross-strip approach enables low-cost, high-performance PET detectors for dedicated small animal PET and PET/MRI and potentially clinical PET/MRI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolb
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Parl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Mantlik
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Department of Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C C Liu
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
| | - D Renker
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Prasad P, Clout C, Lorenz E, Harrison BJ, Balasubramanian SP. Incidentalomas during imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism--incidence and clinical outcomes. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:272. [PMID: 26376643 PMCID: PMC4573950 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imaging for pre-operative localisation of parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism is now routine. This has led to the detection of incidental lesions (incidentalomas) in other organs, the nature of which is not well characterised. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, characteristics and outcomes in patients who had incidental findings on parathyroid imaging. Methods Records of patients who underwent imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism over 2 years were reviewed to identify incidental lesions detected on parathyroid imaging. Patients with persistent or renal hyperparathyroidism were excluded. Details on the management of detected incidentalomas were obtained from patient records. Results Incidentalomas were identified in 17 of 170 patients (10 %) undergoing parathyroid imaging. Incidentalomas included thyroid (n = 11), breast (n = 3), lateral compartment of the neck (n = 1), lung (n = 1) and clavicle (n = 1). However, no disease of clinical significance needing treatment was detected on further investigation. Conclusions Although a significant proportion of patients undergoing parathyroid imaging had incidental lesions detected, these seem to be of little clinical significance. The morbidity and cost of further interventions on these incidentalomas need to be weighed against the benefits of routine imaging in improving outcomes of first-time surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prasad
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK. .,Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - C Clout
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Lorenz
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - B J Harrison
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - S P Balasubramanian
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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Kies A, Nag K, von Bremen L, Lorenz E, Heinemann D. Investigation of balancing effects in long term renewable energy feed-in with respect to the transmission grid. Adv Sci Res 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-12-91-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. A European power system mainly based on renewable sources will have dominant contributions from wind and solar power. However, wind and solar generation facilities have, due to the weather dependent nature of their resources, highly fluctuating feed-in profiles. To overcome the mismatch between power consumption and generation it is important to study and understand the generation patterns and balancing potentials. High temporally and spatially resolved long term weather data was used to simulate the feed-in from wind and photovoltaics for European countries for the years 2003 to 2012. We investigate storage energy and capacity needs in Europe in dependency of the generation mix from wind onshore, wind offshore and photovoltaics and the share of renewables. Furthermore we compute the storage energy and capacity needs for different transmission scenarios. We show that for unlimited transmission storage needs are reduced mostly by high wind offshore shares. We also show that higher shares above 100% of renewables can decrease the required storage capacity to a higher extent than the required storage energy.
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Lorenz E, Jenkner C, Sauerbrei W, Becher H. Dose-response modelling for bivariate covariates with and without a spike at zero: theory and application to binary outcomes. STAT NEERL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/stan.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Lorenz
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 324 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - C. Jenkner
- IMBI; Freiburg University Medical Center; Stefan-Meier-Str. 26 79100 Freiburg Germany
| | - W. Sauerbrei
- IMBI; Freiburg University Medical Center; Stefan-Meier-Str. 26 79100 Freiburg Germany
| | - H. Becher
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 324 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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Aleksić J, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Babic A, Bangale P, Barrio JA, González JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Carmona E, Carosi A, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Caneva G, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi EDO, Mendez CD, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Eisenacher D, Elsaesser D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, López RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Godinović N, Muñoz AG, Gozzini SR, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hildebrand D, Hose J, Hrupec D, Idec W, Kadenius V, Kellermann H, Kodani K, Konno Y, Krause J, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lewandowska N, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, López-Coto R, López-Oramas A, Lorenz E, Lozano I, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Munar-Adrover P, Nakajima D, Niedzwiecki A, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Reinthal R, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Rügamer S, Saito T, Saito K, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schultz C, Schweizer T, Shore SN, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamatescu V, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Storz J, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzić T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Uellenbeck M, Vogler P, Zanin R, Kadler M, Schulz R, Ros E, Bach U, Krauß F, Wilms J. Black hole lightning due to particle acceleration at subhorizon scales. Science 2014; 346:1080-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1256183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Aleksić
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Ansoldi
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L. A. Antonelli
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Antoranz
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A. Babic
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P. Bangale
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | | | - J. Becerra González
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Present address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - E. Bernardini
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - B. Biasuzzi
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Biland
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Blanch
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Bonnefoy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Bonnoli
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Borracci
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - T. Bretz
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Present address: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E. Carmona
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Carosi
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Colin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - E. Colombo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - J. Cortina
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Covino
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Da Vela
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F. Dazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - A. De Angelis
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. De Caneva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - B. De Lotto
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C. Delgado Mendez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Dominis Prester
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D. Dorner
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Doro
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Einecke
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | - L. Font
- Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and Centro de Estudios e Investigación Espaciales-Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - K. Frantzen
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Fruck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - D. Galindo
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. J. García López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. Garczarczyk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D. Garrido Terrats
- Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and Centro de Estudios e Investigación Espaciales-Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Gaug
- Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and Centro de Estudios e Investigación Espaciales-Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Godinović
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. González Muñoz
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. R. Gozzini
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D. Hadasch
- Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Y. Hanabata
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - M. Hayashida
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Herrera
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - J. Hose
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - D. Hrupec
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - W. Idec
- University of Łódz', PL-90236 Lodz, Poland
| | - V. Kadenius
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - H. Kellermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - K. Kodani
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Y. Konno
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Krause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - H. Kubo
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Kushida
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - A. La Barbera
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - D. Lelas
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - E. Lindfors
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
- Present address: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland
| | - S. Lombardi
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Longo
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. López
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. López-Coto
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. López-Oramas
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - I. Lozano
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Makariev
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K. Mallot
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G. Maneva
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N. Mankuzhiyil
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Present address: Astrophysics Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - K. Mannheim
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L. Maraschi
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - B. Marcote
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Mariotti
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Martínez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Mazin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - U. Menzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J. M. Miranda
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - R. Mirzoyan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - A. Moralejo
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Munar-Adrover
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Nakajima
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - K. Nilsson
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
- Present address: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland
| | - K. Nishijima
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - K. Noda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - R. Orito
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - A. Overkemping
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Paiano
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Palatiello
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Paneque
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - R. Paoletti
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - J. M. Paredes
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Paredes-Fortuny
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Persic
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J. Poutanen
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - I. Puljak
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. Reinthal
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - W. Rhode
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Ribó
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Rico
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - S. Rügamer
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - T. Saito
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - K. Saito
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - V. Scalzotto
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V. Scapin
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Schultz
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T. Schweizer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - S. N. Shore
- Università di Pisa and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Sillanpää
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - J. Sitarek
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I. Snidaric
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - F. Spanier
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - V. Stamatescu
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present address: School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A. Stamerra
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | | | - J. Storz
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Strzys
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - L. Takalo
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - H. Takami
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - F. Tavecchio
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Temnikov
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T. Terzić
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D. Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. Teshima
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Thaele
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - O. Tibolla
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. F. Torres
- ICREA and Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Toyama
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - A. Treves
- Università dell’Insubria and INFN Milano Bicocca, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - M. Uellenbeck
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - P. Vogler
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R. Zanin
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Kadler
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R. Schulz
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - E. Ros
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
- Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - U. Bach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Krauß
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany
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Mountrakis L, Lorenz E, Hoekstra AG. Where do the platelets go? A simulation study of fully resolved blood flow through aneurysmal vessels. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20120089. [PMID: 24427532 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of platelets in the formation of a thrombus, their transport in complex flows has not yet been studied in detail. In this paper we simulated red blood cells and platelets to explore their transport behaviour in aneurysmal geometries. We considered two aneurysms with different aspect ratios (AR = 1.0, 2.0) in the presence of fast and slow blood flows (Re = 10, 100), and examined the distributions of the cells. Low velocities in the parent vessel resulted in a large stagnation zone inside the cavity, leaving the initial distribution almost unchanged. In fast flows, an influx of platelets into the aneurysm was observed, leading to an elevated concentration. The connection of the platelet-rich cell-free layer (CFL) with the outer regions of the recirculation zones leads to their increased platelet concentration. These platelet-enhanced recirculation zones produced a diverse distribution of cells inside the aneurysm, for the different aspect ratios. A thin red blood CFL that was occupied by platelets was observed on the top of the wide-necked aneurysm, whereas a high-haematocrit region very close to the vessel wall was present in the narrow-necked case. The simulations revealed that non-trivial distributions of red blood cells and platelets are possible inside aneurysmal geometries, giving rise to several hypotheses on the formation of a thrombus, as well as to the wall weakening and the possible rupture of an aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mountrakis
- Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Lorenz
- Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G Hoekstra
- Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Partecke LI, Günther C, Hagemann S, Jacobi C, Merkel M, Sendler M, van Rooijen N, Käding A, Nguyen Trung D, Lorenz E, Diedrich S, Weiss FU, Heidecke CD, von Bernstorff W. Induction of M2-macrophages by tumour cells and tumour growth promotion by M2-macrophages: a quid pro quo in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2013; 13:508-16. [PMID: 24075516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More effective therapies are required to improve survival of pancreatic cancer. Possible immunologic targets include tumour associated macrophages (TAMs), generally consisting of M1- and M2-macrophages. We have analysed the impact of TAMS on pancreatic cancer in a syngeneic orthotopic murine model. METHODS 6606PDA murine pancreatic cancer cells were orthotopically injected into C57BL6 mice. Tumour growth was monitored using MRI. Macrophages were depleted by clodronate liposomes. Tumours including microvessel density were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and/or cytometric beads assays. Naïve macrophages were generated employing peritoneal macrophages. In vitro experiments included culturing of macrophages in tumour supernatants as well as tumour cells cultured in macrophage supernatants using arginase as well as Griess assays. RESULTS Clodronate treatment depleted macrophages by 80% in livers (p = 0.0051) and by 60% in pancreatic tumours (p = 0.0169). MRI revealed tumour growth inhibition from 221.8 mm(3) to 92.3 mm(3) (p = 0.0216). Micro vessel densities were decreased by 44% (p = 0.0315). Yet, MCP-1-, IL-4- and IL-10-levels within pancreatic tumours were unchanged. 6606PDA culture supernatants led to a shift from naïve macrophages towards an M2-phenotype after a 36 h treatment (p < 0.0001), reducing M1-macrophages at the same time (p < 0.037). In vivo, M2-macrophages represented 85% of all TAMs (p < 0.0001). Finally, culture supernatants of M2-macrophages induced tumour growth in vitro by 63.2% (p = 0.0034). CONCLUSIONS This quid pro quo of tumour cells and M2-macrophages could serve as a new target for future immunotherapies that interrupt tumour promoting activities of TAMs and change the iNOS-arginase balance towards their tumoricidal capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Partecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Ferdinand Sauerbruchstraße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Cooper KL, Meng Y, Harnan S, Ward SE, Fitzgerald P, Papaioannou D, Wyld L, Ingram C, Wilkinson ID, Lorenz E. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of axillary lymph node metastases in early breast cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2011; 15:iii-iv, 1-134. [PMID: 21276372 DOI: 10.3310/hta15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Evaluation of axillary lymph node metastases is important for breast cancer staging and treatment planning. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, cost-effectiveness and effect on patient outcomes of positron emission tomography (PET), with or without computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of axillary lymph node metastases in patients with newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of literature and an economic evaluation were carried out. Key databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE and nine others) plus research registers and conference proceedings were searched for relevant studies up to April 2009. A decision-analytical model was developed to determine cost-effectiveness in the UK. REVIEW METHODS One reviewer assessed titles and abstracts of studies identified by the search strategy, obtained the full text of relevant papers and screened them against inclusion criteria. Data from included studies were extracted by one reviewer using a standardised data extraction form and checked by a second reviewer. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion. Quality of included studies was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) checklist, applied by one reviewer and checked by a second. RESULTS Forty-five citations relating to 35 studies were included in the clinical effectiveness review: 26 studies of PET and nine studies of MRI. Two studies were included in the cost-effectiveness review: one of PET and one of MRI. Of the seven studies evaluating PET/CT (n = 862), the mean sensitivity was 56% [95% confidence interval (CI) 44% to 67%] and mean specificity 96% (95% CI 90% to 99%). Of the 19 studies evaluating PET only (n = 1729), the mean sensitivity was 66% (95% CI 50% to 79%) and mean specificity 93% (95% CI 89% to 96%). PET performed less well for small metastases; the mean sensitivity was 11% (95% CI 5% to 22%) for micrometastases (≤ 2 mm; five studies; n = 63), and 57% (95% CI 47% to 66%) for macrometastases (> 2 mm; four studies; n = 111). The smallest metastatic nodes detected by PET measured 3 mm, while PET failed to detect some nodes measuring > 15 mm. Studies in which all patients were clinically node negative showed a trend towards lower sensitivity of PET compared with studies with a mixed population. Across five studies evaluating ultrasmall super-paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced MRI (n = 93), the mean sensitivity was 98% (95% CI 61% to 100%) and mean specificity 96% (95% CI 72% to 100%). Across three studies of gadolinium-enhanced MRI (n = 187), the mean sensitivity was 88% (95% CI 78% to 94%) and mean specificity 73% (95% CI 63% to 81%). In the single study of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 27), the sensitivity was 65% (95% CI 38% to 86%) and specificity 100% (95% CI 69% to 100%). USPIO-enhanced MRI showed a trend towards higher sensitivity and specificity than gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Results of the decision modelling suggest that the MRI replacement strategy is the most cost-effective strategy and dominates the baseline 4-node sampling (4-NS) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) strategies in most sensitivity analyses undertaken. The PET replacement strategy is not as robust as the MRI replacement strategy, as its cost-effectiveness is significantly affected by the utility decrement for lymphoedema and the probability of relapse for false-negative (FN) patients. LIMITATIONS No included studies directly compared PET and MRI. CONCLUSIONS Studies demonstrated that PET and MRI have lower sensitivity and specificity than SLNB and 4-NS but are associated with fewer adverse events. Included studies indicated a significantly higher mean sensitivity for MRI than for PET, with USPIO-enhanced MRI providing the highest sensitivity. However, sensitivity and specificity of PET and MRI varied widely between studies, and MRI studies were relatively small and varied in their methods; therefore, results should be interpreted with caution. Decision modelling based on these results suggests that the most cost-effective strategy may be MRI rather than SLNB or 4-NS. This strategy reduces costs and increases quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) because there are fewer adverse events for the majority of patients. However, this strategy leads to more FN cases at higher risk of cancer recurrence and more false- positive (FP) cases who would undergo unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. Adding MRI prior to SLNB or 4-NS has little effect on QALYs, though this analysis is limited by lack of available data. Future research should include large, well-conducted studies of MRI, particularly using USPIO; data on the long-term impacts of lymphoedema on cost and patient utility; studies of the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SLNB and 4-NS; and more robust UK cost data for 4-NS and SLNB as well as the cost of MRI and PET techniques. FUNDING This study was funded by the Health Technology Assessment programme of the National Institute of Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Cooper
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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30
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Cooper KL, Meng Y, Harnan S, Ward SE, Fitzgerald P, Papaioannou D, Wyld L, Ingram C, Wilkinson ID, Lorenz E. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of axillary lymph node metastases in early breast cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2011. [PMID: 21276372 DOI: 10.3310/hta15040.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Evaluation of axillary lymph node metastases is important for breast cancer staging and treatment planning. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, cost-effectiveness and effect on patient outcomes of positron emission tomography (PET), with or without computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of axillary lymph node metastases in patients with newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of literature and an economic evaluation were carried out. Key databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE and nine others) plus research registers and conference proceedings were searched for relevant studies up to April 2009. A decision-analytical model was developed to determine cost-effectiveness in the UK. REVIEW METHODS One reviewer assessed titles and abstracts of studies identified by the search strategy, obtained the full text of relevant papers and screened them against inclusion criteria. Data from included studies were extracted by one reviewer using a standardised data extraction form and checked by a second reviewer. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion. Quality of included studies was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) checklist, applied by one reviewer and checked by a second. RESULTS Forty-five citations relating to 35 studies were included in the clinical effectiveness review: 26 studies of PET and nine studies of MRI. Two studies were included in the cost-effectiveness review: one of PET and one of MRI. Of the seven studies evaluating PET/CT (n = 862), the mean sensitivity was 56% [95% confidence interval (CI) 44% to 67%] and mean specificity 96% (95% CI 90% to 99%). Of the 19 studies evaluating PET only (n = 1729), the mean sensitivity was 66% (95% CI 50% to 79%) and mean specificity 93% (95% CI 89% to 96%). PET performed less well for small metastases; the mean sensitivity was 11% (95% CI 5% to 22%) for micrometastases (≤ 2 mm; five studies; n = 63), and 57% (95% CI 47% to 66%) for macrometastases (> 2 mm; four studies; n = 111). The smallest metastatic nodes detected by PET measured 3 mm, while PET failed to detect some nodes measuring > 15 mm. Studies in which all patients were clinically node negative showed a trend towards lower sensitivity of PET compared with studies with a mixed population. Across five studies evaluating ultrasmall super-paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced MRI (n = 93), the mean sensitivity was 98% (95% CI 61% to 100%) and mean specificity 96% (95% CI 72% to 100%). Across three studies of gadolinium-enhanced MRI (n = 187), the mean sensitivity was 88% (95% CI 78% to 94%) and mean specificity 73% (95% CI 63% to 81%). In the single study of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 27), the sensitivity was 65% (95% CI 38% to 86%) and specificity 100% (95% CI 69% to 100%). USPIO-enhanced MRI showed a trend towards higher sensitivity and specificity than gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Results of the decision modelling suggest that the MRI replacement strategy is the most cost-effective strategy and dominates the baseline 4-node sampling (4-NS) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) strategies in most sensitivity analyses undertaken. The PET replacement strategy is not as robust as the MRI replacement strategy, as its cost-effectiveness is significantly affected by the utility decrement for lymphoedema and the probability of relapse for false-negative (FN) patients. LIMITATIONS No included studies directly compared PET and MRI. CONCLUSIONS Studies demonstrated that PET and MRI have lower sensitivity and specificity than SLNB and 4-NS but are associated with fewer adverse events. Included studies indicated a significantly higher mean sensitivity for MRI than for PET, with USPIO-enhanced MRI providing the highest sensitivity. However, sensitivity and specificity of PET and MRI varied widely between studies, and MRI studies were relatively small and varied in their methods; therefore, results should be interpreted with caution. Decision modelling based on these results suggests that the most cost-effective strategy may be MRI rather than SLNB or 4-NS. This strategy reduces costs and increases quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) because there are fewer adverse events for the majority of patients. However, this strategy leads to more FN cases at higher risk of cancer recurrence and more false- positive (FP) cases who would undergo unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. Adding MRI prior to SLNB or 4-NS has little effect on QALYs, though this analysis is limited by lack of available data. Future research should include large, well-conducted studies of MRI, particularly using USPIO; data on the long-term impacts of lymphoedema on cost and patient utility; studies of the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SLNB and 4-NS; and more robust UK cost data for 4-NS and SLNB as well as the cost of MRI and PET techniques. FUNDING This study was funded by the Health Technology Assessment programme of the National Institute of Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Cooper
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Lorenz E, Sauerbrei W, Becher H. Eine Simulationsstudie zur Untersuchung einer erweiterten Fractional Polynomial (FP) Prozedur für die Situation eines „spike at zero“. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
The intensity of mitogenetic radiation was estimated from data given by Gurwitsch. The sensitivity of the biological method and of the physical methods were compared. With onion-base pulp and onion roots as mitogenetic inductors, the photographic method gave no perceptible blackening for exposures up to 184 hours. A photoelectric counter tube was described with cadmium as photoelectric metal. Its sensitivity was such that a radiation intensity of 10 to 15 quanta per cm.2 per second of the Hg line 2536 A was detectable. Spurious effects produced by the counter tube were described and means for their avoidance given. A number of different biological materials, all supposed to be excellent mitogenetic radiators, were investigated by means of the counter tube. No mitogenetic radiation could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Office of Cancer Investigations, U. S. Public Health Service, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Acciari VA, Aliu E, Arlen T, Bautista M, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Celik O, Cesarini A, Chow YC, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Cui W, Dickherber R, Fegan SJ, Finley JP, Fortin P, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders GH, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Millis J, Moriarty P, Ong RA, Otte AN, Pandel D, Perkins JS, Petry D, Pohl M, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Roache E, Rose HJ, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Smith AW, Swordy SP, Theiling M, Toner JA, Varlotta A, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Williams DA, Wissel S, Wood M, Walker RC, Davies F, Hardee PE, Junor W, Ly C, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göhring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Paz Arribas M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio JA, Bastieri D, Becerra González J, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Borla Tridon D, Bosch-Ramon V, Bose D, Braun I, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, Delgado Mendez C, De los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, García López RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Hildebrand D, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Miyamoto H, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Wagner RM, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy. Science 2009; 325:444-8. [PMID: 19574351 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Moralejo A, Baixeras C, Bastieri D, Bednarek W, Bigongiari C, Biland A, Blanch O, Böck R, Bretz T, Chilingarian A, A Coarasa J, Colombo E, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, De Angelis A, De los Reyes R, De Lotto B, Domingo C, Domingo E, Dorner D, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Flix J, Fonseca V, Font L, Galante N, Gaug M, Garczarczyk M, Gebauer J, Giannitrapani R, Giller M, Goebel F, Hengstebeck T, Jacon P, Jager OCD, Kalekin O, Kestel M, Kim KS, Kneiske T, Laatiaoui M, Laille A, Lindfors E, Longo F, López M, López J, Lorenz E, Lucarelli F, Mannheim K, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mase K, Merck M, Meucci M, Mirzoyan R, Mizobuchi S, Moralejo A, Oña-Wilhelmi E, Orduña R, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pavel N, Pegna R, Peruzzo L, Piccioli A, Pin M, Robert A, Saggion A, Sánchez A, Sartori P, Scalzotto V, Shinozaki K, Sillanpaa A, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Stepanian A, Stiehler R, Takalo L, Teshima M, Tonello N, Torres A, Turini N, Viertel G, Vitale V, Volkov S, Wagner R, Wibig T, Wittek W. The MAGIC Telescope for Gamma-Ray Astronomy above 30 GeV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1009-9271/3/s1/531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hadjivassiliou M, Alder SJ, Van Beek EJR, Hanney MB, Lorenz E, Rao DG, Sharrack B, Tindale WB. PET scan in clinically suspected paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: a 6-year prospective study in a regional neuroscience unit. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 119:186-93. [PMID: 18855873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of PET in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) has previously been reported in retrospective studies, from specialized neuro-oncology units, often selecting patients with positive paraneoplastic antibodies. OBJECTIVES To prospectively assess the usefulness of PET in detecting malignancy in patients clinically suspected of having PNS. METHODS PET was performed in patients suspected of PNS within 4 weeks of the normal CT body scan. All patients were followed up. RESULTS Eighty patients suspected of having PNS underwent PET. 18/80 (23%) were abnormal and suspicious of malignancy. The total number of definite and probable PNS with abnormal PET was 11/18 (61%). The total number of definite and probable PNS with a normal PET was 3/62 (5%). Only 50% of patients with biopsy-proven malignancy were positive for paraneoplastic antibodies. The prevalence of abnormal PET in patients presenting with classical PNS was 41% as opposed to 21% in patients with non-classical PNS. The sensitivity and specificity of PET in diagnosing PNS was 75% and 87% respectively. CONCLUSIONS PET is a valuable tool in clinically suspected PNS. Its use should not be restricted to specialized neuro-oncology units or in patients with positive paraneoplastic antibodies. Positive yield is the highest amongst patients with classical PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hadjivassiliou
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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Lorenz E, Strickert T, Hagen B. Radiation therapy in cervical carcinoma: fifteen years experience in a Norwegian health region. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2009; 30:20-24. [PMID: 19317251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma with regard to side effects and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 107 patients with cervical carcinoma treated by radiotherapy with curative intent between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 2001. RESULTS Median follow-up: 139 months for surviving patients and 23 months for deceased patients. Five-year overall and disease-specific survival for all stages was 36% and 45%, respectively. Corresponding figures for each stage were, Stage I: 54% and 80%, Stage II: 41% and 56%, Stage III: 33% and 36% and Stage IV: < 1%. Five-year actuarial incidence of late reactions, all grades were: vagina 77%, rectum 41%, urinary tract 28%, and gastrointestinal tract 37%. INTERPRETATION a great variation of treatment techniques resulted in an overall survival somewhat inferior to that in other comparable series. Over time, an increasing tendency to include brachytherapy and external tumour boost was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St. Olavs Hospital/University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Aliu E, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Barrio JA, Bartko H, Bastieri D, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Bigongiari C, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Bosch-Ramon V, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Chilingarian A, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, de los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Delgado Mendez C, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsässer D, Errando M, Fagiolini M, Ferenc D, Fernandez E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, Garcia Lopez RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Höhne D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Huber S, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Meyer M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Otte N, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Piccioli A, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Raymers A, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Sartori P, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shinozaki K, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Tluczykont M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Venturini A, Vitale V, Wagner RM, Wittek W, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J, de Jager O, de Ona Wilhelmi E. Observation of Pulsed γ-Rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC. Science 2008; 322:1221-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Albert J, Aliu E, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Barrio JA, Bartko H, Bastieri D, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Bigongiari C, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Bosch-Ramon V, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Chilingarian A, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, de los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Mendez CD, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Errando M, Fagiolini M, Ferenc D, FernaÌndez E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, LoÌpez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hayashida M, Herrero A, HoÌhne D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Huber S, Jogler T, Kneiske TM, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, LoÌpez M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, MartiÌnez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Meyer M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Mizobuchi S, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Otte N, Oya I, Panniello M, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Piccioli A, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Raymers A, Rhode W, RiboÌ M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, RuÌgamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Sartori P, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schmitt R, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shinozaki K, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, SillanpaÌaÌ A, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Tluczykont M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Venturini A, Vitale V, Wagner RM, Wittek W, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe? Science 2008; 320:1752-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1157087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Albert
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Aliu
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - H. Anderhub
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. A. Antonelli
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Antoranz
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Backes
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Baixeras
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. Barrio
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - H. Bartko
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Bastieri
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. K. Becker
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - W. Bednarek
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Berger
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Bernardini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Bigongiari
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Biland
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. K. Bock
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Bonnoli
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Bordas
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Bosch-Ramon
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Bretz
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Britvitch
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Camara
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Carmona
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Chilingarian
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Commichau
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. L. Contreras
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Cortina
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. T. Costado
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Covino
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Curtef
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Dazzi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. De Angelis
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. De Cea del Pozo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. de los Reyes
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. De Lotto
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. De Maria
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. De Sabata
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Delgado Mendez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Dominguez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Dorner
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Doro
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Errando
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Fagiolini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Ferenc
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. FernaÌndez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Firpo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. V. Fonseca
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Font
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Galante
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. J. GarciÌa LoÌpez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Garczarczyk
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Gaug
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Goebel
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Hayashida
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Herrero
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. HoÌhne
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Hose
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. C. Hsu
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Huber
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Jogler
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T. M. Kneiske
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Kranich
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. La Barbera
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Laille
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Leonardo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Lindfors
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Lombardi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Longo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. LoÌpez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Lorenz
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Majumdar
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Maneva
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Mankuzhiyil
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Mannheim
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Maraschi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Mariotti
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. MartiÌnez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Mazin
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Meucci
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Meyer
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Miranda
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Mirzoyan
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Mizobuchi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Moles
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Moralejo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Nieto
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Nilsson
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Ninkovic
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Otte
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Oya
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Panniello
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Paoletti
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Paredes
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Pasanen
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Pascoli
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Pauss
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. G. Pegna
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. A. Perez-Torres
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Persic
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Peruzzo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Piccioli
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Prada
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Prandini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Puchades
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Raymers
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - W. Rhode
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. RiboÌ
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Rico
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rissi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Robert
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. RuÌgamer
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Saggion
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Y. Saito
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salvati
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Sanchez-Conde
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Sartori
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Satalecka
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Scalzotto
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Scapin
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Schmitt
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Schweizer
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Shayduk
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Shinozaki
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. N. Shore
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Sidro
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Sierpowska-Bartosik
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. SillanpaÌaÌ
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Sobczynska
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Spanier
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Stamerra
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. S. Stark
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Takalo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Tavecchio
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Temnikov
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Tescaro
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teshima
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Tluczykont
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. F. Torres
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Turini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - H. Vankov
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Venturini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Vitale
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. M. Wagner
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - W. Wittek
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Zabalza
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Zandanel
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Zanin
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Zapatero
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The family of the toll-like receptors comprises a minimum of 10 members identified in humans so far. These transmembrane receptors act as important signaling intermediates between the host and the invading pathogens. The following review describes the complexities encountered by researchers studying toll-like receptor (TLR) expression changes during bacterial infections. Mutations in some of the TLRs, most prominently TLR4 and TLR2, have been associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. While it is tempting to correct the phenotypic effect of such mutations, in vitro and in vivo research has shown that TLR activity and function comprises a complex regulatory network. Heterodimer formation, synergy, and cross-tolerance have previously been described. More recently, interdependence of TLR2 and TLR4 expression has been identified. In addition, TLR expression follows a specific timeline that may be dependent on the invading pathogen. Lastly, mutations in invading pathogens have been shown to alter the expression profile of TLR2 and TLR4, indicating that therapies against bacterial pathogens will have to target multiple TLRs. Despite the complexities involved in TLR function, the significant progress made in our understanding of the role these proteins play in human diseases also indicates their potential value as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7280, 3330 Thurston Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA.
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40
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Hillel PG, van Beek EJR, Taylor C, Lorenz E, Bax NDS, Prakash V, Tindale WB. The clinical impact of a combined gamma camera/CT imaging system on somatostatin receptor imaging of neuroendocrine tumours. Clin Radiol 2006; 61:579-87. [PMID: 16784943 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM With a combined gamma camera/CT imaging system, CT images are obtained which are inherently registered to the emission images and can be used for the attenuation correction of SPECT and for mapping the functional information from these nuclear medicine tomograms onto anatomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of SPECT/CT using such a system for somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) of neuroendocrine tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPECT/CT imaging with (111)In-Pentetreotide was performed on 29 consecutive patients, the majority of whom had carcinoid disease. All SPECT images were first reported in isolation and then re-reported with the addition of the CT images for functional anatomical mapping (FAM). RESULTS Fifteen of the 29 SPECT images were reported as abnormal, and in 11 of these abnormal images (73%) FAM was found to either establish a previously unknown location (7/11) or change the location (4/11) of at least one lesion. The revised location could be independently confirmed in 64% of these cases. Confirmation of location was not possible in the other patients due to either a lack of other relevant investigations, or the fact that lesions seen in the SPECT images were not apparent in the other investigations. FAM affected patient management in 64% of the cases where the additional anatomical information caused a change in the reported location of lesions. CONCLUSION These results imply that FAM can improve the reporting accuracy for SPECT SRI with significant impact on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Hillel
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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41
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Albert J, Aliu E, Anderhub H, Antoranz P, Armada A, Asensio M, Baixeras C, Barrio JA, Bartelt M, Bartko H, Bastieri D, Bavikadi SR, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bigongiari C, Biland A, Bisesi E, Bock RK, Bordas P, Bosch-Ramon V, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Chilingarian A, Ciprini S, Coarasa JA, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Curtef V, Danielyan V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, de los Reyes R, De Lotto B, Domingo-SantamariÌa E, Dorner D, Doro M, Errando M, Fagiolini M, Ferenc D, FernaÌndez E, Firpo R, Flix J, Fonseca MV, Font L, Fuchs M, Galante N, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Giller M, Goebel F, Hakobyan D, Hayashida M, Hengstebeck T, HoÌhne D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Isar PG, Jacon P, Kalekin O, Kosyra R, Kranich D, Laatiaoui M, Laille A, Lenisa T, Liebing P, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, LoÌpez J, LoÌpez M, Lorenz E, Lucarelli F, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mannheim K, Mansutti O, Mariotti M, MartiÌnez M, Mase K, Mazin D, Merck C, Meucci M, Meyer M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Mizobuchi S, Moralejo A, Nilsson K, OnÌa-Wilhelmi E, OrdunÌa R, Otte N, Oya I, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pavel N, Pegna R, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Piccioli A, Poller M, Pooley G, Prandini E, Raymers A, Rhode W, RiboÌ M, Rico J, Riegel B, Rissi M, Robert A, Romero GE, RuÌgamer S, Saggion A, SaÌnchez A, Sartori P, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schmitt R, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shinozaki K, Shore SN, Sidro N, SillanpaÌaÌ A, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Tonello N, Torres A, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Vitale V, Wagner RM, Wibig T, Wittek W, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Variable Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Microquasar LS I +61 303. Science 2006; 312:1771-3. [PMID: 16709745 DOI: 10.1126/science.1128177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microquasars are binary star systems with relativistic radio-emitting jets. They are potential sources of cosmic rays and can be used to elucidate the physics of relativistic jets. We report the detection of variable gamma-ray emission above 100 gigaelectron volts from the microquasar LS I 61 + 303. Six orbital cycles were recorded. Several detections occur at a similar orbital phase, which suggests that the emission is periodic. The strongest gamma-ray emission is not observed when the two stars are closest to one another, implying a strong orbital modulation of the emission or absorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Albert
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Aliu
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - H. Anderhub
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Antoranz
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Armada
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Asensio
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C. Baixeras
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. A. Barrio
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Bartelt
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - H. Bartko
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Bastieri
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. R. Bavikadi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - W. Bednarek
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - K. Berger
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C. Bigongiari
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Biland
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Bisesi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. K. Bock
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Bordas
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - V. Bosch-Ramon
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - T. Bretz
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I. Britvitch
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Camara
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Carmona
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Chilingarian
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Ciprini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. A. Coarasa
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Commichau
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. L. Contreras
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Cortina
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - V. Curtef
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - V. Danielyan
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F. Dazzi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. De Angelis
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. de los Reyes
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - B. De Lotto
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Domingo-SantamariÌa
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Dorner
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Doro
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Errando
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Fagiolini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Ferenc
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. FernaÌndez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Firpo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Flix
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. V. Fonseca
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L. Font
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Fuchs
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Galante
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Garczarczyk
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Gaug
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Giller
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F. Goebel
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Hakobyan
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Hayashida
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - T. Hengstebeck
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. HoÌhne
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Hose
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C. C. Hsu
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. G. Isar
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Jacon
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O. Kalekin
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Kosyra
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Kranich
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Laatiaoui
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Laille
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - T. Lenisa
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Liebing
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Lindfors
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Lombardi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F. Longo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. LoÌpez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. LoÌpez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Lorenz
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F. Lucarelli
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Majumdar
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - G. Maneva
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - K. Mannheim
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O. Mansutti
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Mariotti
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. MartiÌnez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - K. Mase
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Mazin
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C. Merck
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Meucci
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Meyer
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. M. Miranda
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Mirzoyan
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Mizobuchi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Moralejo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - K. Nilsson
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. OnÌa-Wilhelmi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. OrdunÌa
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Otte
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I. Oya
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Paneque
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Paoletti
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. M. Paredes
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Pasanen
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Pascoli
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F. Pauss
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Pavel
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Pegna
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Persic
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L. Peruzzo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Piccioli
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Poller
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - G. Pooley
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E. Prandini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Raymers
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - W. Rhode
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. RiboÌ
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Rico
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - B. Riegel
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Rissi
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Robert
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - G. E. Romero
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. RuÌgamer
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Saggion
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. SaÌnchez
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Sartori
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - V. Scalzotto
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - V. Scapin
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Schmitt
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - T. Schweizer
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Shayduk
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - K. Shinozaki
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. N. Shore
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Sidro
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. SillanpaÌaÌ
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Sobczynska
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Stamerra
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L. S. Stark
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L. Takalo
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Temnikov
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Tescaro
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Teshima
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Tonello
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Torres
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. F. Torres
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Turini
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - H. Vankov
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - V. Vitale
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. M. Wagner
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - T. Wibig
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - W. Wittek
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Zanin
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J. Zapatero
- UniversitaÌt WuÌrzburg, D-97074 WuÌrzburg, Germany
- Institut de FiÌsica d'Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- EidgenoÌssische Technische Hochschule ZuÌrich, CH-8093 ZuÌrich, Switzerland
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat AutoÌnoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Otte N, Dolgoshein B, Hose J, Klemin S, Lorenz E, Mirzoyan R, Popova E, Teshima M. The Potential of SiPM as Photon Detector in Astroparticle Physics Experiments like MAGIC and EUSO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kristensen GB, Vergote I, Eisenhauer E, Baekelandt M, Stuart G, Aavall-Lundquist E, Del Campo J, Lopez AB, Mirza M, Lorenz E. First line treatment of ovarian/tubal/peritoneal cancer FIGO stage IIb-IV with paclitaxel/carboplatin with or without epirubicin (TEC vs TC). A Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup study of the NSGO, EORTC GCG, and NCIC CTG. Results on progression free survival. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Kristensen
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - I. Vergote
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E. Eisenhauer
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M. Baekelandt
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - G. Stuart
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E. Aavall-Lundquist
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J. Del Campo
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. B. Lopez
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M. Mirza
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E. Lorenz
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
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Schofield MLA, Lorenz E, Hodgson TJ, Yates S, Griffiths PD. How well do we investigate patients with suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage? The continuing need for cerebrospinal fluid investigations. Postgrad Med J 2004; 80:27-30. [PMID: 14760176 PMCID: PMC1757968 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.2003.005918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the extent of compliance with established guidelines for the investigation of suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and the implications of non-compliance. DESIGN Prospective observational study of practice in three hospitals in the Trent region. SETTING One teaching hospital with a tertiary neuroscience referral centre and two large district general hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 50 consecutive patients from each centre referred for suspected SAH with negative computed tomography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diagnosis of SAH confirmed or excluded according to guidelines. RESULTS When the data from the three centres were combined (n = 150 computed tomography negative cases) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigation was not performed in 60/150 (40%). In the 90 cases where CSF studies were performed SAH was confirmed in 11 (12%). CONCLUSION There is significant non-compliance in following the established guidelines for the investigation of SAH at the centres studied. As the primary cause of non-traumatic SAH is ruptured aneurysm, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality from second haemorrhage, this highlights a major source of concern for clinical governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L A Schofield
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Rafecas M, Böning G, Pichler BJ, Lorenz E, Schwaiger M, Ziegler SI. Inter-crystal scatter in a dual layer, high resolution LSO-APD positron emission tomograph. Phys Med Biol 2003; 48:821-48. [PMID: 12701889 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/48/7/302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Improving system efficiency without jeopardizing spatial resolution is one of the main problems of small animal PET scanners. In pursuit of this goal, the future LSO-APD-PET prototype MADPET-II will combine highly granulated detector modules with a dual layer structure. The individual readout of the LSO crystals allows separately handling multiple signals related to those photons scattering between different crystal units (inter-crystal scatter, ICS). The contribution of ICS events can significantly increase the system efficiency. Such coincidences are not characterized by a unique LOR. However, in order to minimize resolution degradation, it would be desirable to identify the primary path of the ICS events. Since ICS is geometry dependent, this work was aimed at investigating the effects of ICS in the performance of the dual layer prototype. Different recovery algorithms to select the primary crystal were implemented and developed, and applied to Monte Carlo simulated data. Some of these algorithms were based on the properties of Compton kinematics. For a centred point source and a 100 keV lower energy threshold, the absolute system efficiency was found to increase by 35% when including ICS events: from 1.8% without ICS events to 2.8% with ICS. Similarly, for a threshold of 200 keV, the contribution of ICS coincidences still represented approximately 20% of the total detected coincidences, leading to an absolute system efficiency of almost 2%. The mispositioning introduced by processing ICS coincidences only led to a moderate broadening of the axial line spread function (LSF), especially at the tails of the profile (FWTM). This effect was also noticeable in the transaxial plane. In presence of scattering media (water-filled cylinder), the resolution degradation was dominated by the contribution of object scatter. The reconstructed images from a simulated homogeneous cylinder filled with activity with a non-active rod at its centre were employed to estimate the impact of ICS on the image quality. In general, the use of ICS coincidences increased the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but worsened contrast. The effects of ICS on resolution could be reduced by employing a new identification scheme based on the maximum signal and the Compton kinematics. This method yielded the highest identification rate for the correct photon trajectory, even for a finite energy resolution of 15% (511 keV). This technique also increased the SNR by 17% to 30% and preserved the image contrast. In conclusion, by combining individual crystal readout, a low energy threshold and an appropriate recovery scheme, the processing of ICS coincidences significantly increases the system efficiency without any substantial deterioration of the image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rafecas
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str 22. 81675 München, Germany.
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Reindl M, Lutterotti A, Ingram J, Schanda K, Gassner C, Deisenhammer F, Berger T, Lorenz E. Mutations in the gene for toll-like receptor 4 and multiple sclerosis. Tissue Antigens 2003; 61:85-8. [PMID: 12622779 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.610108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with heterogeneous pathological features, disease courses and genetical backgrounds. In this study we determined whether genetic variants of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, which confer substantial differences in the inflammation elicited by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, are related to the development of MS. We found no differences in the frequencies of the cosegregating TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms between Austrian MS patients (11.6%) and age-matched controls (13.7%). Furthermore, we could not detect any influence of these mutations on clinical parameters and serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules of MS patients. Our data indicate that these TLR4 polymorphisms have no influence on the incidence, progression and inflammatory parameters of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reindl
- Department of Neurology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Lorenz E, Schwartz DA, Martin PJ, Gooley T, Lin MT, Chien JW, Hansen JA, Clark JG. Association of TLR4 mutations and the risk for acute GVHD after HLA-matched-sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002; 7:384-7. [PMID: 11529488 DOI: 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11529488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 has been recently identified as a major receptor for LPS. Mutations of TLR4 have been associated with LPS hyporesponsiveness. We hypothesized that TLR4 mutations reduce the risk of acute GVHD in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. In a preliminary study to determine the frequency of TLR4 mutations and their possible association with GVHD, we tested 237 patients and their HLA-identical sibling donors for 2 TLR4 polymorphisms. All patients received methotrexate and cyclosporine for GVHD prophylaxis. One or more mutants were detected in 10.8% of patients and 10.6% of donors. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between TLR4 mutations and probability (1-sided) of GVHD. The odds ratio (adjusted for advanced disease, total body irradiation dose, and patient age) for development of grades II to IV GVHD when a mutation was present in the recipient was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-1.60; P = .16). When a mutation was present in the donor, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.36-2.17; P = .40). When a mutation was present in both recipient and donor, the odds ratio was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.22-2.32; P = .29). Among 24 patients with TLR4 mutations in either donor or recipient, 4 (16.7%) developed gram-negative bacteremia. Among 213 patients without mutations, 14 (6.6%) developed gram-negative bacteremia (P = .09). The data indicate that a reduced risk of acute GVHD is associated with TLR4 mutations and that TLR4 mutations may increase the risk for gram-negative bacteremia. However, these associations are not statistically significant in recipients of HLA-matched sibling marrow transplants who are prophylactically treated for infections and GVHD. A much larger study population would be needed to confirm the role of LPS in the pathogenesis of GVHD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Lorenz E, Jones M, Wohlford-Lenane C, Meyer N, Frees KL, Arbour NC, Schwartz DA. Genes other than TLR4 are involved in the response to inhaled LPS. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281:L1106-14. [PMID: 11597901 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.5.l1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, the mouse strains C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScNCr have been known to be hyporesponsive to endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recently, mutations in Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 have been shown to underlie this aberrant response to LPS. To further determine the relationship between TLR4 and responsiveness to LPS, we genotyped 18 strains of mice for TLR4 and evaluated the physiological and biological responses of these strains to inhaled LPS. Of the 18 strains tested, 6 were wild type for TLR4 and 12 had mutations in TLR4. Of those strains with TLR4 mutations, nine had mutations in highly conserved residues. Among the strains wild type for TLR4, the inflammatory response in the airway induced by inhalation of LPS showed a phenotype ranging from very sensitive (DBA/2) to hyporesponsive (C57BL/6). A broad spectrum of airway hyperreactivity after inhalation of LPS was also observed among strains wild type for TLR4. Although the TLR4 mutant strains C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScNCr were phenotypically distinct from the other strains with mutations in the TLR4 gene, the other strains with mutations for TLR4 demonstrated a broad distribution in their physiological and biological responses to inhaled LPS. The results of our study indicate that although certain TLR4 mutations can be linked to a change in the LPS response phenotype, additional genes are clearly involved in determining the physiological and biological responses to inhaled LPS in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lorenz
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Ziegler SI, Pichler BJ, Boening G, Rafecas M, Pimpl W, Lorenz E, Schmitz N, Schwaiger M. A prototype high-resolution animal positron tomograph with avalanche photodiode arrays and LSO crystals. Eur J Nucl Med 2001; 28:136-43. [PMID: 11303882 DOI: 10.1007/s002590000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To fully utilize positron emission tomography (PET) as a non-invasive tool for tissue characterization, dedicated instrumentation is being developed which is specially suited for imaging mice and rats. Semiconductor detectors, such as avalanche photodiodes (APDs), may offer an alternative to photomultiplier tubes for the readout of scintillation crystals. Since the scintillation characteristics of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) are well matched to APDs, the combination of LSO and APDs seems favourable, and the goal of this study was to build a positron tomograph with LSO-APD modules to prove the feasibility of such an approach. A prototype PET scanner based on APD readout of small, individual LSO crystals was developed for tracer studies in mice and rats. The tomograph consists of two sectors (86 mm distance), each comprising three LSO-APD modules, which can be rotated for the acquisition of complete projections. In each module, small LSO crystals (3.7 x 3.7 x 12 mm3) are individually coupled to one channel within matrices containing 2x8 square APDs (2.6 x 2.6 mm2 sensitive area per channel). The list-mode data are reconstructed with a penalized weighted least squares algorithm which includes the spatially dependent line spread function of the tomograph. Basic performance parameters were measured with phantoms and first experiments with rats and mice were conducted to introduce this methodology for biomedical imaging. The reconstructed field of view covers 68 mm, which is 80% of the total detector diameter. Image resolution was shown to be 2.4 mm within the whole reconstructed field of view. Using a lower energy threshold of 450 keV, the system sensitivity was 350 Hz/MBq for a line source in air in the centre of the field of view. In a water-filled cylinder of 4.6 cm diameter, the scatter fraction at the centre of the field of view was 16% (450 keV threshold). The count rate was linear up to 700 coincidence counts per second. In vivo studies of anaesthetized rats and mice showed the feasibility of in vivo imaging using this PET scanner. The first LSO-APD prototype tomograph has been successfully introduced for in vivo animal imaging. APD arrays in combination with LSO crystals offer new design possibilities for positron tomographs with finely granulated detector channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Ziegler
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Germany.
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